Ebe dị nro nke dị n'okpuru ala ime ụlọ ịwụ, Joists rere ere, na ebe ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ ihe egwu ime ụlọ mposi¶

Mgbe ị na-esi na ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ na-anọdụ ala n'ụlọ mposi na-emepụta ihe na-adịghị mma na-adịghị mma n'okpuru ụkwụ, mgbe tileti seramiiki na-amalite ịkụnye ahịrị ha na mgbanaka gburugburu ụlọ mposi, ma ọ bụ mgbe oghere 3-na-10-millimeter (⅛-na-⅜-inch) ga-emepe na mberede n'etiti nsọtụ ala nke ụlọ ịsa ahụ na ebe ịsa ahụ dị n'okpuru ebe ịsa ahụ. Osisi n'ala joists na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-ada site na-adịghị ala ala mmiri saturation na fungal ire ere. N'ime ihe owuwu osisi, ụlọ ịsa ahụ na-etinye uche dị ukwuu ma dị ndụ n'ime ọnụ ụlọ kacha nta nke ụlọ: ọkọlọtọ alcove 150-centimeter (5-ụkwụ) bathtub jupụtara na lita 225 (galọn 60) nke mmiri ịsa ahụ gbakwunyere onye okenye na-asa ahụ na-atụ ** 320 ruo 450 kilogram (700 na-atụ). Ọwụwa mmiri ma ọ bụ ebe a na-agba mmiri jupụtara na mmiri karịrị 550 ruo 800kilogram (1,200 ruo 1,750 pound) na-ezu ike n'ụkwụ anọ dị warara ma ọ bụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè mkpọmkpọ ebe.

N'otu ebe ahụ ebe nnukwu ihe dị arọ ahụ zuru ike, ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta plumber (oversized notches na oghere na-agwụ ike site na 2x8 ma ọ bụ 2x10 ala ndị na-arụ ọrụ iji kwado 75-to-100-millimeter / 3-to-4-inch PVC drain bends na tub P-traps) ebelataworị usoro nhazi nke osisi site na pasent 3.0. Mgbe mgbanaka ụlọ mposi dara ** (nkwado ndabere na mpaghara nsị), ihe na-agbapụta ** bathtub tozuru oke gasket *, ma ọ bụ gbawara mmiri ịsa ahụ grout na-adaba mmiri zoro ezo na ** Oriented Strand Board (OSB), particleboard, ma ọ bụ plywood subfloor ** ruo ọnwa, na-ebibi osisi na-agba aja aja-ire ere fungi ( Serpula lacrymans na * Gloeophyllumuloor na-eme ka eriri cell ahụ wee nwee ike ịmịcha mkpụrụ ndụ. ike shii nke mmiri kaadiboodu (mmebi ihe owuwu na ọdịda na uko ụlọ dara na mgbidi akọrọ mmiri juru). Ọ bụrụ na ebe ịsa ahụ, ụlọ mposi, ma ọ bụ akụkụ ala dara na mberede, gbajie ọkpọkọ na-enye nsogbu, ma ọ bụ jide onye bi n'ime ya, pụọ n'ebe dị n'elu na n'okpuru wee kpọọ mpaghara gị. nọmba mberede (911 na United States na Canada, 112 gafee European Union, 999 na United Kingdom). Ntuziaka a na-enye usoro ihe mberede nke nzọụkwụ iji budata ozugbo ma kewapụ ebe ịsa ahụ na-asọ asọ ma ọ bụ ụlọ mposi na-ama jijiji tupu ya apị n'ala, kesaa ịdị arọ ụkwụ n'ofe ndị na-adịghị mma, nyochaa ebe ndị rere ure na ndị na-agba chaa chaa site na okpuru ulo ma ọ bụ crawlspace n'okpuru ebe a, na wụnye nwa oge structural screw-jack shoring ruo mgbe a ga-agwụ n'ọnọdụ nwanne nwanyị na-adịgide adịgide na subfloor.

Mee nke a ugbu a¶

Ọ bụrụ na ụlọ mposi na-agbada ma ọ bụ na-emikpu n'ime ala dị nro, ọ bụrụ na ịbanye n'akụkụ ebe ịsa ahụ na-eme ka ala ahụ gbadaa ala karịa 3 millimeters (⅛ inch), ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na elu ụlọ akọrọ nke dị n'okpuru ụlọ ịsa ahụ nke abụọ na-agbawa ma ọ bụ na-agbaji, mee ihe isii ndị a ozugbo:

1. ** Wepu mmiri ọ bụla nọ ọdụ n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ ozugbo wee kwụsị iji ụlọ ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ ịsa ahụ**: Mmiri na-atụ ** 1 kilogram kwa lita (8.34 pound kwa galọn US)**. Ikpofu lita 225 (galọn 60) nke mmiri ịsa ahụ n'ime mmiri na-ewepụ ** 225 kilogram (500 pound) ** nke arọ nwụrụ anwụ site na ala ala na-ada ada na sekọnd 90. Akwụsịla n'ime tub mgbe ọ na-asọpụta; rute n'ọnụ ụzọ wee dọpụta ihe nkwụsị mmiri.
2. ** Gbanyụọ valvụ mmiri na-enye chrome n'azụ ụlọ mposi na-ama jijiji ma ọ bụ na-amanye ma kpochaa tank ahụ otu ugboro ka ọ tọgbọrọ ya ***: Mgbe ụlọ mposi na-atụgharị n'akụkụ n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ na-adaba n'ime ala OSB rere ure, ọnyà abụọ na-akpata ọdachi na-abịa: nke mbụ, ** chrome / ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ eriri mmiri na-edozi ahụ ** jikọtara ya na ala nke rọba ahụ ruo mgbe ọ na-adaba n'okpuru mgbidi ahụ. akuku-nkwụsị na-apụ n'okpuru 400 kPa (60 PSI) nrụgide mmiri obodo (gbawara ọkpọkọ); Nke abụọ, akara mgbanaka wax n'okpuru mpi ụlọ mposi na-ekewa kpamkpam, na-eji mmiri ọ bụla na-awụsa nsị nsị n'ime oghere ala. Tụgharịa valvụ nkwụsị nke mgbidi n'akụkụ elekere ka ọ bụrụ ** Gbanyụọ ***, jide aka na-agbapụta ala iji kpochaa tank na nnukwu efere, ma jiri mpempe akwụkwọ mechie mkpuchi. "DO NOT USE" akara.
3. ** Kpochapụ onye ọ bụla n'ime ụlọ ma ọ bụ paseeji ozugbo n'okpuru ụlọ ịsa ahụ dị n'elu nke na-egosi sag ma ọ bụ uko ụlọ na-arụ ọrụ **: Ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ịsa ahụ nke okpukpu abụọ, ụlọ ịsa ahụ, ma ọ bụ nkedo ígwè na-edozi site na mkpọ ala rere ure, plasta ma ọ bụ 13-millimita (½-inch) uko ụlọ akọrọ dị n'elu ụlọ nke mbụ ka ọ dị n'okpuru ebe a na-esi nri. Kpuchie ime ụlọ dị n'okpuru wee bupụ arịa ụlọ na mpaghara nkwụsị.
4. ** Debe mpempe akwụkwọ plywood dị 19-millimita (ma ọ bụ osisi abụọ obosara siri ike / ọnụ ụzọ ime ụlọ siri ike) n'ofe ụlọ ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ị ga-agarịrị ebe dị nro **: A na-ekewa ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ obibi ọ bụla ** 40 centimeters (16 sentimita) na etiti *. Ebe dị nro na-eme mgbe mkpuchi ala dị n'okpuru ala * n'etiti joist abụọ rere ure, ma ọ bụ mgbe otu joist n'okpuru ụlọ mposi dara. Ịtọkwa akụkụ plywood ¾-inch siri ike dị 60-by-120-centimeter (2-by-4-foot) n'ofe ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ na-eme ka ịdị arọ ụkwụ gị gafee n'ala atọ ma ọ bụ anọ na-adịghị mma ka ụkwụ gị ghara ịkụ aka ozugbo site na mbara ala rere ure.
5. ** Gbanyụọ igwe eletrik eletrik na-enye ihe ọkụ ọkụ n'uko ma ọ bụ onye na-ekpocha ọkụ n'ime ụlọ ahụ kpọmkwem n'okpuru ụlọ ịsa ahụ na-agbapụta ***: mmiri zoro ezo na-akwaga n'akụkụ ụlọ ịsa ahụ rere ure na-asọba ozugbo n'ime igbe mgbanaka ụlọ nke igwe nke chandelier nke ụlọ iri nri ma ọ bụ kichin nwere ike ịgbanye ọkụ (ọkụ eletrik na ọkụ). Tụgharịa ihe na-agbaji maka ọkụ n'uko ụlọ nke dị n'ala ka ọ bụrụ ** Gbanyụọ *** na ogwe ọkụ eletrik gị.
6. ** Nyochaa okpuru ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ site na okpuru ulo ma ọ bụ crawlspace jiri ọkụ ọkụ na screwdriver ma ọ bụ awl (na-edebe ahụ gị ozugbo n'okpuru ebe a na-ebu ibu) ***: Ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ịsa ahụ na-anọdụ n'elu okpuru ulo na-emechabeghị ma ọ bụ akọrọ akọrọ (nchekwa crawlspace idei mmiri juru), na-enwu ọkụ na-egbukepụ egbukepụ n'elu ala dị n'okpuru ala na ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ n'okpuru flange mposi na ọnyà ịsa ahụ. Akwụsịla ozugbo n'okpuru ebe ịsa ahụ jupụtara ma ọ bụ ihe nkedo na-adaba mgbe ị na-enyocha joists rere ure.

Osisi mkpebi: ntụpọ dị nro nke dị n'okpuru ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ, ụlọ mposi na-ama jijiji, na nrịba mmiri ịsa ahụ¶

Jiri osisi mkpebi a na-arụ ọrụ iji chọpụta ịdị njọ nke ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ dị n'okpuru ala ma ọ bụ ọdịda ala-arụ ọrụ wee mee nkwụsi ike ozugbo.

flowchart TD
    Start["Ihe mberede nke ala ime ụlọ ịwụ: Ala Spongy, Ụlọ mposi na-ama jijiji, ma ọ bụ ebe ịsa ahụ"] --> ImmediateUnload["Ụkwụ Ụkwụ 1 bụ iwu; Wepu ibu & mmiri dịpụrụ adịpụ:; 1. Drain bathtub ozugbo (wepụ 225 kg / 500 lb); 2. Mechie mgbidi ụlọ mposi na-emechi valvụ & kpochapu tank efu (na-egbochi ọnyà ọkọnọ); 3. Gbanyụọ ọkụ eletrik maka ọkụ ụlọ n'ime ụlọ dị n'okpuru"]

    ImmediateUnload --> SymptomCheck{"2. Kedu ihe mgbaàmà ọdịda nhazi dị?"}

    SymptomCheck -->|"A. Nkume ụlọ mposi n'akụkụ ruo n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ taịlị/vinyl na-enwe mmetụta dị nro n'ime 30 cm (12 in) nke ntọala ụlọ mposi."| ToiletRot["Mkpokọta ụlọ mposi Flange SUBFLOOR ROT:; 1. Adịla anọ n'ụlọ mposi ma ọ bụ mechie bolts n'elu osisi rere ure; 2. Dina 19 mm (3/4 in) plywood bridge board ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eje ije nso; 3. Wepu ụlọ mposi na-ekpochapụ (nkịta ihe dị na ọkpọkọ mmiri iji gbochie methane); 4. Beechapụ OSB/plywood rere ure site na joist-center na joist-center & wụnye 2x10 igbochi + 3/4 na mpụta plywood."]

    SymptomCheck -->|"B. oghere oghere n'akụkụ ahịrị bathtub mgbidi caulk ma ọ bụ tub n'ala na-atụgharị / na-ada ụda"| TubSink["BATHTUB LEDGER MA ọ bụ JOIST NOTCH FAILGER:; 1. Debe bathtub 100% efu & machibido ịbanye n'ime tub; 2. Nyochaa site na okpuru ulo/crawlspace n'okpuru (ma ọ bụ mepee ohere ụlọ n'okpuru):; Lelee ma ọ bụrụ na ndị na-akụ pọmpụ hụrụ n'ụzọ miri emi na 2x8/2x10 joist n'okpuru tub P-ọnyà"]

    SymptomCheck -->|"C. Ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ dum na-agbada n'elu 1 cm (3/8 in) ma ọ bụ mgbidi akọrọ n'elu ụlọ dị n'okpuru ebe a na-agbapụta/na-agbaji"| JoistCollapse["MGBE NKE ALA NA-ECHICHE / GIRDER ROT MA ọ bụ ỌJỤGHỊ ỌZỌ:; 1. Wepụ ụlọ ịsa ahụ na ime ụlọ ozugbo n'okpuru; 2. Wụnye T-shores osisi 4x4 nwa oge ma ọ bụ telifon igwe a na-agbanwe agbanwe na mudsills 2x10 n'okpuru ngalaba joist na-adịghị mma; 3. Nwanne zuru-ogologo 2x10/2x12 joists n'akụkụ rotted/notched joists tupu wughachi subfloor."]

    TubSink --> JoistCollapse

Miri miri 1: ihe gbasara usoro ihe - otu esi agụ akara ịdọ aka na ntị mbụ 5 tupu ala ala daa¶

Ebe ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ ụlọ mposi adịghị ada n'ala n'ebe ọ bụla; Ihe owuwu osisi ahụ na-egosipụta nhụsianya ya ruo izu ma ọ bụ ọnwa site na njiri anya na-ahụ anya na nke na-emetụ n'ahụ:

Ntụ mmiri miri emi 2: Gịnị kpatara joists ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ ji ada (Nchikota egbu egbu nke "Plumber's Notches" na "Brown Rot")¶

Kedu ihe mere ndị na-agba ụkwụ n'ala ji ree ma na-agbaji n'okpuru ụlọ ịsa ahụ ugboro iri karịa n'okpuru ụlọ ihi ụra ma ọ bụ ime ụlọ, ọ bụrụgodị na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'ime ụlọ ahụ siri ike?

   [WHY BATHROOM FLOOR JOISTS SNAP UNDER BATHTUBS & TOILETS]

        [Bathtub Foot: 400 kg / 900 lb]      [Toilet Flange]
                      ||                           ||
   ===================++===========================++=================== <-- Rotted 19 mm (3/4") OSB Subfloor
   +------------------+----------------------------+-------------------+
   | 2x10 Floor Joist |    [OVERSIZED PLUMBER'S    |                   |
   |                  |     NOTCH FOR TUB TRAP]    |  (75 mm / 3" Hole |
   |                  +----------------------------+   bored too close |
   |                   \ <-- Crack starts at sharp     to bottom edge) |
   +--------------------+    corner of notch & rots -------------------+

1. **Mpụ arụrụ arụ #1: Ọdụdọ Plumber na-ezighi ezi na mpaghara mgbakasị ahụ nke Joist ***:
2. N'okpuru ** International Residential Code (IRC Nkebi R502.8)** na Eurocode 5, osisi siri ike nke ala ala na-ebu nrụgide mkpakọ n'akụkụ elu ya na nrụgide tensile n'akụkụ ọnụ ala ya.
3. Koodu ụlọ ** machibido ịbelata ọkwa ọ bụla n'etiti atọ n'etiti etiti ala joist **, ma kpachie ọkwa n'ime ụzọ atọ ka ọ gafere ** ⅙ nke omimi joist ** (ihe dịka 3.8 centimeters / 1.5 sentimita na 2x10).
4. N'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ nde ụlọ ndị toro eto, mgbe onye na-egwu mmiri wụnye bathtub P-trap ma ọ bụ 100-millimita (4-inch) ọkpọkọ mposi, ha were ihe nlele na-emegharị anya na ** bepụ akụkụ akụkụ anọ dị sentimita 12 (nke dị sentimita 5) nke dị n'elu ma ọ bụ ala nke 2x8 ma ọ bụ naanị 2x0 n'okpuru tub nke 2x8 na-ahapụ naanị 2x8. centimeters (3 inch) nke osisi na-ebuli tub 400-kilogram (900-paụnd).
5. Mpụ ihe owuwu #2: Cubic Brown-Rot Fungi ( Serpula lacrymans):*
6. Kpọmkwem ebe onye na-akụ pọmpụ ahụ kụpụrụ n'ala dị n'okpuru akpụkpọ ụkwụ mmiri ịsa ahụ na mgbanaka ụlọ mposi.
7. Mgbe nkwonkwo ndị ahụ na-akwa ákwá nwayọ nwayọ karịa afọ 3 ruo 5, ** fungi na-acha aja aja na-acha aja aja** na-achịkwa ọkwa mmiri mmiri. Nnyocha nke U.S. Laboratory Products Forest (FPL) na-egosiputa ihe eji arụ ọrụ dị egwu nke ire ere na-acha aja aja: ** tupu joist osisi rere ere efunahụ ọbụna pasent 10 nke ịdị arọ ya a na-ahụ anya ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe ọdịdị ya, enzymes na-acha aja aja na-emebi ụdọ cellulose osisi wee belata nchikota na ike mmetụta site na 50 ruo 70 percent **.

Ndakpu miri 3: Nkwụsi ike mberede - otu esi ebutu ya n'enweghị nsogbu, wepụ ụlọ mposi na-emikpu, ma rụnye oke osimiri nwa oge.¶

Ọ bụrụ na ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ na-agbasi mbọ ike, soro usoro injinịa a kpọmkwem iji kpochapụ ihe ize ndụ ọdịda taa tupu ịmalite ịrụzi ọrụ nkà na-adịgide adịgide:

Kwụpụ 1: Wepu ụlọ mposi na-ama jijiji ma ọ bụ na-amị amị n'enweghị nsogbu (wepụ 40 kg / 90 lb + ịkwụsị nkwụsị ahụ)¶

Ahapụla nnukwu ụlọ mposi dị arọ na-edozi ahụ n'elu ala nke rere ure ebe ọ nwere ike ịdaba ma mebie n'ime oghere poselin dị nkọ (igbutu na scraps): 1. Mechie chrome ** mgbidi akụkụ nkwụsị mmiri valve ** n'akụkụ elekere (ma ọ bụ mechie isi mmiri ụlọ ma ọ bụrụ na nchara nchara rapaara; lee rapaara isi mmiri valvụ ndu). 2. Ghichaa ụlọ mposi ahụ ma jide aka ahụ, wee jiri nnukwu ogbo na ịwụ (ma ọ bụ oghere ụlọ ahịa mmiri / akọrọ) ka amịpụta mmiri nke 2 lita (0.5 galọn) nke fọdụrụ na tank na nnukwu efere ruo mgbe ha abụọ kpochara kpamkpam. 3. Mepee ahịrị mmiri na-enye njikọ njikọ site na ala aka ekpe nke tankị mposi. 4. Wepụ obere ihe mkpuchi plastik abụọ dị na ala nke efere mposi wee kpughee bras abụọ ** 7/16-inch ma ọ bụ ½-inch hex nuts ** (ọ bụrụ na ha na-atụgharị nke ọma n'ihi na osisi subfloor n'okpuru bụ mush rere ure, bulite ha na mposi). 5. Jikọta nnukwu efere ahụ na ụkwụ gị na-ezu ike na ** n'ala siri ike (ma ọ bụ gafee mpempe plywood ¾-inch nke edobere n'ala) ***, jiri ụkwụ gị bulie mposi ahụ ogologo (dozie azụ gị kwụ ọtọ), ma tinye ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ na paseeji ma ọ bụ ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala. 6. ** Ụkwụ BIOHAZARD dị oke mkpa - Tinye oghere oghere 4-inch ozugbo ozugbo ***: Ozugbo i buliri ụlọ mposi n'ala, oghere 75-na-100-millimeter (3-na-4-inch) ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ n'ala enweghị ** enweghị akara mmiri P-trap **, na-enye ohere nsí ** hydrogen sulfide (hydrogen sulfide).H2S) na ihe mgbawa methane nsị gas ** (ọwa mmiri gas na akọrọ P-ọnyà mberede) ịbata n'ụlọ gị ozugbo. Tinye akwa akwa ịsa ahụ ochie nke a fụchiri n'ime akpa nri rọba siri ike banye n'ime oghere ọwa mmiri mepere emepe (ma ọ bụ wụnye plọg nyocha rọba na-agbasa $4) iji mechie ọkpọkọ ikuku mgbe ụlọ mposi kwụsịrị.

Kwụpụ 2: Otu esi enyocha site n'okpuru iji "Screwdriver / Awl Penetration Test"¶

Yiri ugogbe anya nchekwa, onye na-eku ume ** NIOSH N95/P100 ** (a na-ekpuchi ụlọ ndị rere ure na spores ebu), na oriọna, wee banye n'ime crawlspace ma ọ bụ okpuru ulo n'okpuru ụlọ ịsa ahụ (ma ọ bụ bee 40-by-40-centimeter / 16-by-16-inch) nyocha nke ụlọ eletrọnịkị na-atụgharị n'uko ụlọ n'elu ụlọ ọkụ eletrik. - Jiri otu aka pịa n'ọnụ ọnụ ọkọlọtọ flathead screwdriver ma ọ bụ awl ọkwá nkà guzosie ike n'akụkụ akụkụ ala osisi na okpuru ala nke sheathing nke ala ala. - ** Ụda, osisi arụrụ arụ dị mma : N'ọnụ nke screwdriver jisiri ike gbajie elu site na ** 1 ruo 2 millimeters (1/16 inch). - ** Osisi rere ure, nke na-akụ nke ọma : Oghere screwdriver na-agbada n'enweghị mgbakasị ** 15 ruo 50 millimeters (½ na 2 sentimita asatọ) n'ime osisi dị ka chiiz dị nro ma ọ bụ okwuchi punky, ma ọ bụ mpempe osisi gbara ọchịchịrị na-acha aja aja na-akụda n'aka gị ( cubical brown rot**).

Kwụpụ 3: Ịwụnye Screw Jack / 4x4 Timber Shoring n'okpuru ndị na-ahụ maka ime ụlọ na-ada ada.¶

Ọ bụrụ na otu ma ọ bụ karịa n'ala ala n'okpuru ụlọ ịsa ahụ na-ahụrụ nke ọma, gbawara agbawa, ma ọ bụ rere ure, ị nwere ike igbochi ụlọ ịsa ahụ (na nnukwu ígwè ma ọ bụ acrylic bathtub n'elu ya) ịdaba site n'ịwube ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ ** nwa oge n'ime okpuru ulo ma ọ bụ crawlspace ozugbo n'okpuru ụlọ ịsa ahụ:

   [EMERGENCY BASEMENT / CRAWLSPACE SHORING UNDER ROTTED BATHROOM JOISTS]

      [Joist #1]       [Joist #2 (Rotted)]       [Joist #3]
   ======+=====================+=====================+====== <-- Bathroom Subfloor
   |2x10 |               |2x10 |               |2x10 |
   +-----+               +-----+               +-----+
   ========================================================= <-- Top Header: Double 2x6 or 4x4
               ||                             ||                 spanning across 3-4 joists
         [Steel Jack Post]              [Steel Jack Post]
         (or 4x4 Wood Post)             (or 4x4 Wood Post)
               ||                             ||
   ========================================================= <-- Bottom Mudsill: 2x10 or 2x12
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////     plank distributing load on slab/soil

1. **Edokwala otu ihe nrụnye jakị ozugbo n'okpuru ala rere ure ma ọ bụ otu punky joist ** (efere dị n'elu nke jakị ahụ ga-akụtu ozugbo site na osisi rere ure).
2. Kama nke ahụ, bee ** 1.2-na-1.8-mita (4-na-6-ụkwụ) nkụnye eji isi mee kwụ ọtọ ** si na ** okpukpu abụọ 2x6 osisi ma ọ bụ osisi siri ike 4x4 ** ma jide ya n'akụkụ ** n'okpuru 3 ma ọ bụ 4 n'akụkụ ọnụ ala ụlọ ** (dobere 30 centimeters / 12 sentimita asatọ n'akụkụ ebe a na-esighị ike na osisi na-emebi emebi. joist emebibeghị n'ofe joist rere ure).
3. Dina nnukwu oghere ** 2x10 ma ọ bụ 2x12 nke a na-eme nrụgide osisi mudsill plank ** (ma ọ bụ 40-by-40-centimeter / 16-by-16-inch) nke siri ike n'ala nke siri ike, nke na-adịghị mgbagwoju anya) dị larịị n'ala ala ma ọ bụ crawlspace ala ozugbo n'okpuru nkụnye eji isi mee ka ịgbasa ibu ala.
4. Guzo ụzọ abụọ ** nchara nchara okpuru ulo (teleposts / lally kọlụm)** ma ọ bụ bechapụ oghere abụọ kwụ ọtọ ** 4x4 osisi** (kwekọrọ na ntọala ya na osisi siri ike na-emegide) n'etiti ala mudsill plank na elu nkụnye eji isi mee.
5. Iwu iwu ịkwanye oke - Snug na-akwado, agbala elu n'elu ***: Kpochie jakị nchara nchara na-agbanwe agbanwe ** naanị ruo mgbe nkụnye eji isi mee ihe na-akụ nke ọma na ala ala ala joists iji jide ibu ha **. Adịla mgbe ị na-ebuli elu jakị elu site na ọtụtụ centimita n'otu ehihie ka ị nwaa ime ka ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ na-agbago n'ọkwa; Ịkwanye ụlọ ịsa ahụ elu na mberede ga-agbaji ọkpọkọ mmiri ọla kọpa siri ike, na-adọwa ihe nkedo nke igwe, ma gbawaa tile mgbidi seramiiki ọ bụla n'ime ime ụlọ ịwụ ahụ **.

Miri miri 4: Iwu nrụzi ihe na-adịgide adịgide (Ihe kpatara na ị nweghị ike dobe otu plywood n'elu ala rere ure)¶

Mgbe ị na-arụzi ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ rere ure n'akụkụ ụlọ mposi ma ọ bụ ụlọ ịsa ahụ, zere mmejọ onye na-amu amu "overlay patch" nke nanị ịsacha mpempe akwụkwọ dị larịị nke 6-millimeter (¼-inch) luan plywood N'elu mmiri, OSB rere ure (nke na-ejide mmiri, na-eme ka ire ere n'ime ala ala, na-ebulikwa ụlọ mposi dị elu):

1. ** Beechapụ ala ala niile rere ure site na Joist-Center ruo Joist-Center**:
2. Tọọ omimi okirikiri okirikiri ka ọ dị nha nke subfloor dị ugbu a (*19 millimeters / ¾ inch maka ọkọlọtọ subflooring - ọ dịtụghị omimi, ma ọ bụ na ị ga-ahụ n'elu nke ala joists wee kụọ ọla kọpa ọkpọkọ ma ọ bụ eletriki wires kedoro ozugbo n'okpuru subfloor).
3. Wepu OSB ma ọ bụ particleboard rere ure ka ọ laghachi azụ na nkụ, na-egbuke egbuke, osisi siri ike, na-eme ka mbelata gị na ** etiti etiti (19 mm / ¾ na egbugbere ọnụ) *** nke ọdụ ụgbọ ala kacha nso.
4. **Sister Full-Span 2x10 Joists N'akụkụ ọ bụla Joists rere ere ma ọ bụ nke karịrị akarị ***:
5. Jiri ** borate wood preservative fesa ihe ndị dị ugbu a iji gbuo hyphae fungal fọdụrụnụ.
6. Bee ihe nrụgide ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ akpọnwụ akpọnwụ ** 2x8 ma ọ bụ 2x10 joist ** (na-agbatị ma ọ dịkarịa ala ** 90 centimeters / 3 ụkwụ gafere akụkụ rere ure ma ọ bụ nke a na-ahụ anya n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ **, ma ọ bụ zuru ike na njedebe na njedebe site na ntọala sill sill ruo n'okirikiri etiti etiti), kpuchie ihu mating na ** polyurethane, ihe eji eme ya * PL. joist mebiri emebi, ma jikọta ya na skru osisi arụrụ arụ 8-centimeter (3-⅛-inch) ma ọ bụ ntu mkpụkọ 16d gbara agba ** 30 centimeters (inch 12).
7. Wụnye siri ike ** 2x8 ma ọ bụ 2x10 cross-blocking ** n'etiti ndị na-agba ọsọ n'okpuru ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ọhụrụ yana n'akụkụ anọ nke 100-millimita (4-inch) ụlọ mposi flange ka ụlọ mposi wee banye n'ime ihe siri ike kama ịkwa akwa.
8. ** Wụnye 19-Millimeter (¾-inch) Mpụga-ọkwa CDX ma ọ bụ mmiri Plywood (Ọ dịghị mgbe Particleboard) ***:
9. Dochie ihe nkedo nke ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ site na iji ** 19-millimita (¾-inch) Plywood mpụga (ma ọ bụ ire na-arụ ọrụ dị elu na-eguzogide mmiri dị ka Advantech) ** glued na joists na nrapado ụlọ nke dị n'okpuru ala ma kwatuo ihe ọ bụla 15 centimeters (6 sentimita asatọ) mgbanaka na mgbanaka.
10. Bolt ** mgbanaka igwe anaghị agba nchara PVC / ABS ụlọ mposi ụlọ mposi ** ozugbo n'elu ọkwa ala emechara site na iji skru igwe anaghị agba nchara ma ọ bụ skru (ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụla skru akọrọ, nke na-ata nchara n'ime ọnwa 18), ma tinye ụlọ mposi ya na ** mgbanaka wax na-emesi ike ma ọ bụ akara elastomeric na-enweghị ihe na-enweghị isi.

Nọmba mberede mpaghara na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ¶

Ọ bụrụ na ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ elu ụlọ daa, jide onye bi na ya, ma ọ bụ gbarie mmiri, gas, ma ọ bụ ahịrị eletrik:

• **United States na Canada *: Kpọọ 911 (lee nọmba mberede) ozugbo ma ọ bụrụ na ọdịda ala na-akpata mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ enweghị usoro nhazi. Ulo ala joist notching, na-agwụ ike, na ụkpụrụ ngbanwe ndụ (opekempe ** 1.44 kPa / 30 psf ** ma ọ bụ ** 1.92 kPa / 40 psf ** udị ndụ dị ndụ na ** L / 360 ** oke mgbagha) na-achịkwa ** International Residential Code (IRC Nkebi na nke mba Canada) Code R502.
• **United Kingdom **: Kpọọ 999 maka ndakpọ ihe owuwu ma ọ bụ ihe mberede eletrik. N'ime ụlọ UK, chipboard (ọkwa ala ala mmiri na-eguzogimmiri P5) *** na mpaghara osisi joist notching / igwu mmiri notches anabatara naanị n'etiti ** 0. na 0.25 nke span *, omimi miri emi ** 0.125 x joist omimi ) na-achịkwa nke ọma n'okpuru ** Iwu Iwu kwadoro Akwụkwọ A ( BS 9) EN * 5 * ctrust 1 (Eurocode 5), na ** Ụkpụrụ NHBC.
• **European Union **: Kpọọ 112 maka ọrụ mberede. Nhazi ụlọ nke osisi na ime ụlọ mmiri ( Nassraum *) mkpuchi mmiri na-eso ** Eurocode 5 (EN 1995) ** na ** DIN 18534 ***.
• ** Australia na New Zealand : Kpọọ 000 na Australia ma ọ bụ 111 na New Zealand. N'Australia na New Zealand, a na-achịkwa ihe mgbochi ụlọ ịsa ahụ n'okpuru ** AS 3740 (Mkpuchi mmiri nke ebe mmiri ụlọ) na ** National Construction Code (NCC), nke nyere iwu ka a na-agbanwe agbanwe ** elastomeric waterproofing membrane ** tụgharịrị mgbidi ma kechie ya n'ime ihe mkpofu ala ( puddle flange *) n'ofe ụlọ ịsa ahụ dum.
• *India na Asia-Pacific : Kpọọ 112 na India ma ọ bụ 119 na Japan na South Korea. Na Japan, ụlọ ime ụlọ ịwụ nke osisi ọdịnala (mokuzo) na sill beams ( dodai) bụ ebe izizi nke ire ere na-acha aja aja na * Coptotermes * na-ebute ọgụ, na-eduga ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ndị Japan nke oge a ka ha jiri otu mpempe akwụkwọ na-enweghị mmiri na-emepụta ihe ** Unit Baths (UB) na-ezu ike na kọmpat ma ọ bụ nchara dịpụrụ adịpụ.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị¶

Ebe ịsa ahụ zuru ezu nwere ike ịdaba n'ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ rere ure n'ime ụlọ dị n'okpuru ebe a?¶

Ọ na-adịkarịghị ka acrylic ma ọ bụ fiberglass alcove bathtub na-adaba kpamkpam n'uko ụlọ n'otu ihe nkiri dị ka eserese, n'ihi na tub ahụ sara mbara karịa 40-centimeter (16-inch) spacing n'etiti ọtụtụ ala ala ma na-ejide ya site na mgbidi mgbidi na studs. Otú ọ dị, ihe na-eme ugboro ugboro (ma na-ebibikwa) bụ na otu ma ọ bụ abụọ rere ure ma ọ bụ nke a na-ahụ anya nke ọma n'okpuru ebe a na-akwado bathtub ahụ na-agbaji ma ọ bụ gbadaa ala site na 5 ruo 15 centimeters (2 ruo 6 sentimita asatọ) ebe tub ahụ jupụtara na 225 lita (60 galọn) mmiri. Na mberede nke centimita 10 na-adọkasị ọkpọkọ na-agbapụta ọla na-ekpo ọkụ na ọkpọkọ na-ekpo ọkụ / oyi dị iche iche n'ime ala, na-atụba ọtụtụ narị lita mmiri n'elu ụlọ elu nke ala akọrọ ruo mgbe uko ụlọ mmiri jupụtara na-adaba n'ime ụlọ dị n'okpuru. Ọkpụkpụ nkedo ígwè nwere ụkwụ anọ kwụ ọtọ (nke ụkwụ ígwè anọ dị warara gbadoro ụkwụ na kilogram 500/1,100 n'ime obere patches anọ dị sentimita ise nke ala ala) nwere ike ịpịa ụkwụ ha ozugbo site na mpempe akwụkwọ rere ure ma ọ bụ OSB n'etiti joists wee tuo ya n'ike.

Ọ dị mma iji ụlọ mposi na-amatụ ntakịrị site n'akụkụ ruo n'akụkụ?¶

Mba. Ụlọ mposi ekwesịghị ịma jijiji, tụgharịa ma ọ bụ gbanwee ọbụna milimita 2 mgbe ị nọ ọdụ na ya. Ọbụlagodi na osisi dị n'okpuru ala ka na-esikarị ike, ụlọ mposi na-ama jijiji na-agbaji akara beeswax/paraffin Wax Ring na-abụghị nke dị n'okpuru nnukwu efere ahụ n'isi mbụ. Ozugbo a na-agbanye mgbanaka wax ahụ n'otu akụkụ, oge ọ bụla ị na-asacha ụlọ mposi, pasent 5 ruo 10 nke mmiri mmiri na-asọ oyi na-asọba n'akụkụ akụkụ nke oghere ahụ kpọmkwem n'elu osisi okpuru ulo gị nke dị n'okpuru vinyl ma ọ bụ tile, na-agbaji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbaze n'ala ala mgbe ị na-ekwe ka gas na-egbu egbu na-abanye n'ime ime ụlọ ịwụ ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na ala ahụ ka siri ike, tọpụ ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi ahụ, gbanye ụlọ mposi plastik siri ike n'okpuru ala ruo mgbe ọ na-enweghị ike ịkwanye otu millimita, tinyeghachi ụlọ mposi na mgbanaka wax ọhụrụ, ma kpoo ihu na n'akụkụ (na-ahapụ azụ 10 centimeters na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla dị ka oghere-akụkọ ifo).

Kedu ihe kpatara ndị na-akụ pọmpụ ji hapụ azụ 10 centimita (inch 4) nke ebe mposi na-enweghị ihe mgbochi megide ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ?¶

Koodu mba ofesi (IPC / UPC) chọrọ ka a mechie isi ụlọ mposi ebe ọ na-ezute n'ala ka mmiri na mmamịrị enweghị ike ịgba ọsọ n'okpuru ebe a na-adọba mmiri wee mụọ nje bacteria, mana ndị ọkachamara na-ahụ maka oge ochie na-ahapụ oghere 10-centimeter (4-inch) na-enweghị oghere na azụ ụlọ mposi n'azụ nnukwu efere ahụ. Gịnị kpatara? N'ihi na ọ bụrụ na ị silicone-caulk 100 pasent nke gburugburu gburugburu ala nke ụlọ mposi na n'ime wax mgbanaka na-amalite na-agbapụta, na caulk dam ọnyà niile na-asọpụta mmiri nsị n'okpuru ụlọ mposi ebe ị na-apụghị ịhụ ya, na-amanye nsị ka ọ banye ozugbo n'ime osisi OSB / plywood subfloor maka afọ abụọ ruo mgbe ụlọ ịsa ahụ dum ga-apụ. Ịhapụ oghere 10-centimeter na azụ na-enye ohere ọ bụla mgbanaka mgbanaka ka ọ pụta ìhè n'elu tile dị n'azụ ụlọ mposi n'ụbọchị 1 ka ị nwee ike dozie mgbanaka wax $ 5 tupu ya emebi ala ala $ 4,000.

Kedu ka m ga-esi ama ma ọ bụrụ na ntụpọ dị nro na ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ m bụ naanị plywood subfloor rotting vs. ala gbajiri agbaji n'okpuru?¶

Jiri “16-Inch Test Span Test”: ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ obibi na-agbakọ na ibe ha nwere oghere 40 centimeters (inch 16) ma e wezụga etiti ruo etiti. Ọ bụrụ na ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ na-enwe mmetụta siri ike n'ebe niile ma e wezụga n'otu obere 20-na-30-centimeter (8-na-12-inch) patch localized dị n'akụkụ akụkụ ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ ụlọ mposi, na n'ozuzu ala ka dị larịị, 19-millimeter (3/4-inch) OSB ma ọ bụ plywood subfloor panel nke na-agbasa n'etiti abụọ joists emebiwo. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na ogologo 1.5 ruo 2.5-mita (5-na-8-ụkwụ) nke ala nke ala na-agbada ala, ma ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ahụ dum na-adaba n'otu mgbidi, ma ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ịsa ahụ na-adapụ na mgbidi mgbidi mgbe ị na-abanye n'ime ya, ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụrụ na ụlọ elu ụlọ dị n'ime ụlọ dị n'okpuru ala na-agbaji n'akụkụ ogologo ahịrị, otu ma ọ bụ karịa nke na-agbaji n'okpuru ala.

Enwere m ike ịgbanye epoxy ma ọ bụ hardener osisi n'ime ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ rere ure gburugburu flange mposi kama igbupụ osisi ahụ?¶

Ee e. Liquid penetrating epoxy osisi harddeners na abụọ akụkụ polyester osisi fillers e mere nnọọ maka ịchọ mma Ndokwa na-abụghị bughi window sills ma ọ bụ mputa mkpụbelata. Ozugbo ala ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ dị gburugburu flange mposi ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ụkwụ ịsa ahụ rere ure ruo n'ókè ọ na-adaba n'okpuru ụkwụ ma ọ bụ na-ekwe ka bolts ụlọ mposi dọpụ ya, eriri osisi ahụ efunahụla ihe nhazi ya na ike ike n'ofe 40-centimeter (16-inch). Ị ga-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ rere ure nke subfloor azụ n'etiti etiti nke joists siri ike kacha nso, wụnye ihe mgbochi siri ike 2x10 n'okpuru ọnụ na flange, ma kwatuo mpempe ọhụrụ nke 19-millimita (3/4-inch) plywood nke mpụga.

Ntuziaka emetụtara¶

• Nbibi ihe owuwu na ndakpọ ụlọ
• Ịdị n'uko ụlọ, mgbidi akọrọ nke mmiri kpụkọrọ akọrọ, na ihe ize ndụ nke plasta na-ada ada
• Oghere iju mmiri juru, mmiri guzoro n'okpuru ụlọ, na mmịpụta ihe egwu eletrik
• Oke oke, ndanda ọkwá nkà, na ntuhie arụrụ arụ
• Ihe akwa mmiri ma ọ bụ nnukwu aquarium gbawara agbawa na idei mmiri nhazi nke elu-elu

Isi mmalite na nduzi ọchịchị¶

• ** International Code Council (ICC) - Usoro obibi mba ụwa (Ngalaba IRC R502 & R307):** * Nhazi ala osisi arụrụ arụ, ọkwa kachasị mma na oke oke na-agwụ ike na Sawn Lumber Joists, yana ụkpụrụ ngbanwe nke ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ *.
• ** Ọrụ USDA Forest - Laboratory Products Forest (FPL): *** Akwụkwọ ntuziaka osisi: Osisi dị ka ihe injinia (Mechanics of Brown-Rot Fungal Depolymerization and Rapid Flexural Strength Loss) tupu enwee oke oke)*.
• ** Tile Council of North America (TCNA) & ANSI A108: *** Akwụkwọ ntuziaka maka Ceramic, Glass, na Nrụnye Tile Nkume (Subfloor Stiffness L/360 Requirements and Wet- Area Waterproofing Membranes)*.
• ** Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe mberede gọọmentị etiti (FEMA):** * Akwụkwọ ntuziaka onye na-ahụ maka ọdịda US&R nke mba US - vetikal Post-and-Header Shoring na Nkesa Ibu Mudsill*.
• ** Ụlọ ọrụ Standards British (BSI): *** BS EN 1995-1-1 (Eurocode 5: Imepụta ihe owuwu osisi) na akwụkwọ akwadoro A - oghere oghere na ebe a na-adọba ihe na ụlọ n'ime ụlọ.