Igumbi lokuhlambela elingaphantsi kweendawo ezithambileyo, iiNdawo eziBolileyo, kunye neBhafu okanye iiNgozi zokuZika kwindlu yangasese¶

Xa uphuma kwishawa okanye uhleli kwindlu yangasese uvelisa isiponji esigulayo phantsi kweenyawo, xa iithayile zomgangatho we-ceramic ziqala ukuvela imigca yazo ye-grout kwindandatho ejikeleze isiseko sendlu yangasese, okanye xa isithuba se-3-to-10-millimeter (⅛-to-⅜-intshi) sivula ngokukhawuleza phakathi komphetho ongezantsi kunye nomgca we-silicone kwisitya sokuhlambela. Izidibanisi zomgangatho wamaplanga eziphantsi ziyasilela ngenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi okungapheliyo kunye nokubola komngundo. Kwindawo yokuhlala yolwakhiwo lwamaplanga, amagumbi okuhlambela agxininise kakhulu afileyo kwaye aphile imithwalo yesakhiwo ngaphakathi kwegumbi elincinci lendlu: umgangatho we-150-centimeter (5-foot) ibhafu yealcove egcwele iilitha ezingama-225 (iilitha ezingama-60) zamanzi okuhlamba kunye nomntu omdala ohlamba umzimba unobunzima ** 320 ukuya kwi-450 yeekhilogram*, ngelixa iikhilogram ezingama-700, iikhilogram ezingama-70 Ibhafu yokufunxa yentsimbi okanye i-whirlpool jetted tub ezaliswe ngamanzi idlula 550 ukuya kwi-800 yeekhilogram (1,200 ukuya kwi-1,750 yeekhilogram) iphumle kwiinyawo ezine nje ezimxinwa okanye umzila kaloliwe weleja.

Kwakwindawo kanye apho ezo zisindo zikhulu ziphumla khona, imibhobho yombhobho yokusikwa kwesakhelo (iinotshi ezinkulu kunye nemingxunya ebhodlozwe ngqo kwi-2x8 okanye i-2x10 yokuhlanganisana emgangathweni ukuze ilingane i-75-to-100-millimeter / i-3-to-4-intshi ye-PVC yokugoba idreyini yangasese kunye ne-tub ye-P-trap) sele inciphise i-5 ye-30 yeplanga yokunqumla i-30 yeplanga. Xa i-wax yendlu yangasese ayiphumelelanga** (ukhuseleko logutyulo) ukucheba amandla ekhadibhodi emanzi (umonakalo wesakhiwo kunye nokuwa kwaye ukuwa kwesilingi kunye ne-drywall enamanzi). Ukuba ibhafu, indlu yangasese, okanye icandelo lomgangatho liwa ngequbuliso, laphuka umbhobho wonikezelo olucinezelekileyo, okanye ubambe umhlali, phuma kwindawo engasentla nangaphantsi kwaye ufowunele ingingqi yakho. amanani kaxakeka (Ama-911 eUnited States naseKhanada, ali-112 kulo lonke iManyano yaseYurophu, angama-999 eUnited Kingdom). Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngeenkqubo ezingxamisekileyo zenyathelo ngenyathelo lokukhupha kwangoko kwaye ukwahlula ibhafu ezikayo okanye indlu yangasese eshukumayo phambi kokuba igqobhoze emgangathweni, isasaze ubunzima bonyawo kuyo yonke imidibaniso ebolileyo, iphonononge imigangatho ebolileyo kunye namajoyisti anotshini ukusuka kumgangatho ongaphantsi okanye kwisithuba sokukhasa ngezantsi, kwaye ufakele isiseko sexeshana se-screw-jack shoring de isigxina se-joist replacement igqitywe.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

Ukuba indlu yangasese iyathambeka okanye izika kumgangatho othambileyo, ukuba ukunyathela kufutshane nebhafu kubangela ukuba umgangatho ugobele ujonge ezantsi ngaphezu kweemilimitha ezi-3 (⅛ intshi), okanye ukuba isilingi ye-drywall engaphantsi kwegumbi lokuhlambela elikumgangatho wesibini iyaqhuma okanye iyaqhekeka, yenza ezi zenzo zintandathu ngoko nangoko:

1. Khupha nawaphi na amanzi ahleli ngaphakathi ebhafini NGOKUNGOKO kwaye uyeke ukusebenzisa labhafu okanye ishawari: Amanzi anobunzima ikhilogram eyi-1 ilitha (8.34 yeeponti ngegaloni nganye yase-US). Ukukhupha iilitha ezingama-225 (iilitha ezingama-60) zamanzi okuhlambela phantsi komjelo kususa 225 iikhilogram (500 pounds) zobunzima obufileyo ukusuka kumgangatho osezantsi ongasebenziyo kwimizuzwana engama-90. Musa ukuma ngaphakathi kwibhabhu ngelixa ikhupha; ngena emnyango kwaye utsale isithinteli sokuhambisa amanzi.
2. Vala ivalve yonikezelo lwamanzi yechrome emva kwendlu yangasese eshukumayo okanye ezikayo kwaye ugungxule itanki kube kanye ukuze uyikhuphe: Xa indlu yangasese idilika ngapha nangapha okanye itshona kumgangatho obolileyo we-OSB, ukuvuza okumbini okuyintlekele kusondele: okokuqala, eyomeleleyo ikrom/ubhedu okanye intambo yonikezelo lwamanzi ephothiweyo idityaniswe phantsi kwetanki yokuhambisa amanzi** idityaniswe phantsi de iplastiki idityaniswe phantsi. okanye udonga lwe-angle-stop luqhawula phantsi kwe-400 kPa (60 PSI) uxinzelelo lwamanzi esixeko (umbhobho ogqabhukileyo); okwesibini, iringi yewax etywiniweyo phantsi kophondo lwendlu yangasese yahlula ngokupheleleyo, ilahla ilindle elikrwada kumngxuma womgangatho ngokugungxulwa ngakunye. Jika ivalve ye-engile-stop ngewotshi ukuya ku****, bamba isiphatho sokugungxula phantsi ukukhupha itanki kunye nesitya, kwaye uvale isiciko ngesiciko. "DO NOT USE" uphawu.
3. Coca wonke umntu ngaphandle kwegumbi okanye epasejini ngokuthe ngqo NGAPHANTSI kwegumbi lokuhlambela elikumgangatho ophezulu elibonisa iintanda okanye iintanda ezisebenzayo: Ukuba ibhafu ekumgangatho wesibini, indawo yokuhlambela yeshawari, okanye iradiyetha yentsimbi ihlaliswa kwindawo ebolileyo, udaka okanye i-13-millimeter (½-intshi) yesilingi eyomileyo yodonga kwigumbi lokuhlala elingaphantsi kwegumbi lokuhlala elingaphantsi kwegumbi lokuhlala ekhitshini kuphela. Vimba igumbi elingezantsi kwaye uhambise ifenitshala ngaphandle kwendawo yokulahla.
4. Yala icwecwe elishinyeneyo le-19-millimeter (¾-intshi) leplywood (okanye amaplanga amabini abanzi aqinileyo omthi / ucango lwangaphakathi olomeleleyo oluqinileyo olubekwe mcaba) ngaphaya komgangatho wokuhlambela ukuba kufuneka uhambe kwindawo ethambileyo: izidibanisi zomgangatho wokuhlala zicandwa rhoqo ** iisentimitha ezingama-40 (ii-intshi eziyi-16) embindini**. Indawo ethambileyo yenzeka xa i-sheathing ye-subfloor ephakathi phakathi kwezibini ezidityanisiweyo zibola, okanye xa ijoyinti enye phantsi kwendlu yangasese ingasebenzi. Ukubeka iqhekeza eliqinileyo le-60-by-120-centimeter (2-by-4-foot) ye-¾-intshi yeplywood emcaba ngaphaya kwegumbi lokuhlambela ibhulorho ubunzima bonyawo lwakho ukuwela imidibaniso emithathu okanye emine engagungqiyo ukuze unyawo lwakho lungakwazi ukugqobhoza ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba obolileyo.
5. Cima isiqhekeza sombane esondla isibane sombane okanye ifeni yokuphuma kwigumbi ngokuthe ngqo ngaphantsi kwegumbi lokuhlambela elivuzayo: Amanzi afihlakeleyo afudukayo ecaleni kwegumbi lokuhlambela elibolileyo elidibanisayo aqukuqela ngokuthe ngqo kwibhokisi yokuhlangana yesilingi yentsimbi yegumbi lokutyela elikumgangatho osezantsi okanye izibane zetoti ekhitshini (umlilo wombane kunye neentlantsi). Flip i-breaker kwizibane zesilingi ezisezantsi ukuze ** OFF ** kwindawo yakho yombane ephambili.
6. Jonga umzantsi wegumbi lokuhlambela elisezantsi ukusuka kumgangatho ongaphantsi okanye kwindawo yokukhasa ngethotshi kunye nescrewdriver okanye i-awl (ugcina umzimba wakho ungaphandle ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kwebhafu elayishiweyo): Ukuba igumbi lokuhlambela lihlala phezu kwegumbi elingaphantsi elingagqitywanga okanye indawo eyomileyo yokukhasa (ukhuseleko lwendawo yokukhwela amanzi), khanyisa isibane esiqaqambileyo phezulu kumgangatho ongaphantsi kunye neejoists zomgangatho phantsi kweflange yendlu yangasese kunye nomgibe webhafu. Ungaze ume ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kwebhafu egcweleyo okanye isitaki sentsimbi esijijekileyo ngelixa ukhangela iindawo ezidityanisiweyo ezibolileyo.

Umthi wesigqibo: indawo yokuhlambela engaphantsi komgangatho othambileyo, indlu yangasese eshukumayo, kunye novavanyo lwebhafu ezikayo¶

Sebenzisa lo mthi wesigqibo sokusebenza ukuvavanya ubungqongqo begumbi lokuhlambela elingaphantsi okanye ukungaphumeleli kwejoist kunye nokwenza uzinzo olukhawulezileyo.

flowchart TD
    Start["Igumbi lokuhlambela likaXakeka likaXakeka: Umgangatho onesiponji, Indlu yangasese egungqiswayo, okanye ibhafu eZikayo"] --> ImmediateUnload["INYATHELO ELIMNYANGO 1; SUSA UMTHETHO & AMANZI ACHAPHAZELEKAYO:; 1. Khupha ibhafu ngokukhawuleza (isusa i-225 kg / 500 lb); 2. Vala ivalve yokuvalwa kodonga lwendlu yangasese & netanki yokugungxula ingenanto (ithintela unikezelo lombhobho okhawulezayo); 3. Cima isiqhekeza sombane kwizibane zesilingi kwigumbi elingezantsi"]

    ImmediateUnload --> SymptomCheck{"2. Loluphi uphawu lokusilela kulwakhiwo olukhoyo?"}

    SymptomCheck -->|"A. Indlu yangasese inamatye icala ukuya kwelinye okanye iithayile/ivinyl ivakala inesponji ngaphakathi kwe-30 cm (12) yesiseko sendlu yangasese."| ToiletRot["I-TOILET EKUMANDLA EKUGQITHENI I-FLANGE UKUBOLELA NGAMANDLA ANGAPHANTSI:; 1. UNGAhlali kwindlu yangasese okanye uqinise iibholithi zegunjana kumaplanga abolileyo; 2. Lala 19 mm (3/4 in) plywood ibhodi ibhodi ukuba uhamba kufutshane; 3. Khupha indlu yangasese ekhutshiweyo (i-rag yezinto kumbhobho wogutyulo ukuvala imethane); 4. Sika i-OSB ebolileyo/iplywood ukusuka kumbindi wokudibanisa ukuya kumbindi wokudibanisa kwaye ufake i-2x10 evalela + 3/4 kwiplywood yangaphandle."]

    SymptomCheck -->|"B. Ukuvuleka kwesikhewu ecaleni kwebhafu yodonga lomgca wecaulk OKANYE ibhafu umgangatho ubhetyebhetye/ukrekreka kakhulu"| TubSink["ILEDJWE YEBHAFU OKANYE UKUSILELA KWENOSHI JOIIST :; 1. Gcina ibhafu 100% ingenanto & ukwalela ukungena ebhafini; 2. Hlola ukusuka kumgangatho ophantsi/kwindawo yokukhasa ngezantsi (okanye uvule ufikelelo lwesilingi ngezantsi):; Jonga ukuba ngaba abatywini baphawule ngokunzulu i-2x8/2x10 joist phantsi kwe-tub P-trap"]

    SymptomCheck -->|"C. Umgangatho wegumbi lokuhlambela lonke otyibilika ngaphezulu kwe-1 cm (3/8 in) OKANYE isilingi i-drywall engezantsi iyagquma/ iyaqhekeka."| JoistCollapse["UMGANGATHO OSEBENZAYO JOIST / IGIRDER UKUBOLELA OKANYE UKUSILELA KWE TERMITE:; 1. Phuma kwigumbi lokuhlambela KUNYE negumbi ngqo ngaphantsi; 2. Faka ii-T-shores zexeshana ze-4x4 okanye ii-teleposts zentsimbi ezilungelelanisiweyo kwii-mudsill ezi-2x10 ngaphantsi kwamacandelo adibeneyo; 3. Udade obude obupheleleyo 2x10/2x12 joists ecaleni kwezidibaniso ezibolileyo/ezinophawulwe ngaphambi kokwakha kwakhona umgangatho ongaphantsi"]

    TubSink --> JoistCollapse

Ukuntywila nzulu 1: I-Forensics yoLwakhiwo-ukufunda njani iimpawu ezi-5 ezilumkiso kwangethuba phambi kokuba umgangatho uwe.¶

Ibhafu okanye indlu yangasese ayikhe iwe phantsi emgangathweni; Ulwakhiwo lwamaplanga luthumela itelegraph kuxinzelelo lwaso iiveki okanye iinyanga ngeendlela ezibonwayo kunye nezichukumisayo zomatshini:

Ukuntywila nzulu 2: Kutheni izidibanisi zomgangatho wamagumbi okuhlambela zisilela¶

Kutheni le nto izidibanisi zemigangatho zibola kwaye zivaneke phantsi kwamagumbi okuhlambela amaxesha alishumi rhoqo kunaphantsi kwamagumbi okulala okanye amagumbi okuhlala, nangona yonke ifreyim yendlu iqinile ematyeni?

   [WHY BATHROOM FLOOR JOISTS SNAP UNDER BATHTUBS & TOILETS]

        [Bathtub Foot: 400 kg / 900 lb]      [Toilet Flange]
                      ||                           ||
   ===================++===========================++=================== <-- Rotted 19 mm (3/4") OSB Subfloor
   +------------------+----------------------------+-------------------+
   | 2x10 Floor Joist |    [OVERSIZED PLUMBER'S    |                   |
   |                  |     NOTCH FOR TUB TRAP]    |  (75 mm / 3" Hole |
   |                  +----------------------------+   bored too close |
   |                   \ <-- Crack starts at sharp     to bottom edge) |
   +--------------------+    corner of notch & rots -------------------+

1. Ulwaphulo-mthetho loLwakhiwo #1: IiNotshi zoMtywini ongekho Mthethweni kuMmandla woTshini wokuDityaniswa:
2. Ngaphantsi ** IKhowudi yokuHlala yamazwe ngamazwe (iCandelo le-IRC i-R502.8) ** kunye ne-**-Eurocode 5 **, i-joist yomgangatho oqinileyo womthi ithwala uxinzelelo olucinezelayo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi.
3. Iikhowudi zokwakha iyalela ngokungqongqo ukusika NAYIPHI inotshi phakathi kwesithathu kwisithuba sokuhlanganisa umgangatho, kwaye unciphise iinotshi kwisithathu esingaphandle ukuya kudlula ⅙ wobunzulu bokudibanisa (malunga ne-3.8 yeesentimitha / 1.5 intshi kwi-2x10).
4. Ukanti kwizigidi zamakhaya amadala, xa umtywini efakela ibhafu ye-P-trap okanye i-100-millimeter (4-intshi) yethoyilethi yombhobho wokukhupha amanzi, bathatha isarha ebuyelanayo kwaye ** banqumle i-12-centimeter-deep (5-intshi-deep) ichunk eyi-rectangular right out of the top or bottom of the 2x10thth floor, straight under the 2x10th* okanye phantsi kwe2x108 ziisentimitha ezisi-7 kuphela (ii-intshi ezi-3) zomthi ezibambe ibhafu ebunzima buziikhilogram ezingama-400 (iiponti ezingama-900).
5. Ulwaphulo-mthetho kuLwakhiwo #2: Cubic Brown-Rot Fungi (Serpula lacrymans):
6. Indawo kanye apho umtywini afake khona isidibanisi somgangatho silapha kanye ngaphantsi kwebhafu yokukhupha isihlangu kunye neringi yewax yendlu yangasese.
7. Xa la malungu alila amathontsi acothayo amanzi ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5, ukungunda okumdaka okumdaka kubeka inotshi efumileyo. Uphando olwenziwe yi U.S. I-Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) ibonisa ipropathi eyoyikisayo yomatshini yokubola okumdaka: ngaphambi kokuba i-joist yomthi ebolileyo ilahlekelwe nokuba yi-10 ekhulwini lobunzima bayo obubonakalayo okanye itshintshe imilo, ii-enzymes ezibolayo ezimdaka zidepolymerize amatyathanga e-cellulose enkuni kwaye zinciphise ukugoba kwejoist kunye namandla empembelelo ngama-50 ukuya kuma-70 ekhulwini.

Ukuntywila nzulu 3: Uzinziso olungxamisekileyo- indlela yokukhulula ngokukhuselekileyo, ukususa indlu yangasese ezikayo, kunye nokufaka i-shoring okwethutyana¶

Ukuba igumbi lakho lokuhlambela elisezantsi okanye iijoists ziyahexa, landela olu landelelwano luchanekileyo lobunjineli ukuze uphelise ingozi yokuwa namhlanje ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukulungiswa okusisigxina kokuchwela:

Inyathelo loku-1: Susa ngokukhuselekileyo Indlu yangasese eRockling okanye ezikayo (Ukususa i-40 kg / 90 lb + Ukumisa ukuvuza)¶

Musa ukushiya indlu yangasese esenziwe ngodongwe enzima ingqamana kumgangatho ongaphantsi obolileyo apho inokuphethuka khona ize iqhekezwe ibe ziingceba zeporcelain ezibukhali.amanxeba kunye nemikrwelo): 1. Vala ikhrom ivalve yonikezelo lwamanzi yodonga ngewotshi (okanye cima amanzi endlu enkulu ukuba i-engile-stop irusilekile; bona isikhokelo esingundoqo sevalve yamanzi). 2. Gubha indlu yangasese kwaye ubambe umqheba phantsi, emva koko sebenzisa isipontshi esikhulu kunye ne-emele (okanye ivacuum yevenkile emanzi / eyomileyo) ukufunxa iilitha ezi-2 eziseleyo (0.5 iilitha) zamanzi ngaphandle kwetanki kunye nesitya de zombini zome ngokupheleleyo. 3. Khulula umgca wokuhambisa amanzi odibanisa indongomane ukusuka ezantsi ekhohlo kwitanki yendlu yangasese. 4. Khupha iminqwazi emibini emincinci yebholithi yeplastiki kwisiseko sesitya sendlu yangasese kwaye ukhulule ezo bhedu zimbini 7/16-intshi okanye i-½-intshi ye-hex nuts (ukuba zijikeleza ngokukhululekileyo ngenxa yokuba umthi ongaphantsi komhlaba ubolile, ziphakamise ngokulula uzikhuphe nendlu yangasese). 5. Gcoba isitya unyawo lwakho luphumle ku--ifreyim yomgangatho oqinileyo (okanye ngaphaya kweqhekeza le-¾-intshi yeplywood ebekwe phantsi), phakamisa indlu yangasese ngqo phezulu ngemilenze yakho (gcina umqolo wakho uthe tye), kwaye uyibeke kumaphephandaba epasejini okanye egaraji. 6. ISINYATHELO ESIBALULEKILEYO LE-BIOHAZARD - Vala uMngxunya oVulekileyo wee-intshi ezi-4 ngoko nangoko: Xa uphakamisa indlu yangasese isuka emgangathweni, umbhobho ovulekileyo we-75-to-100-millimeter (i-3-ukuya-i-intshi ezi-4) welindle emgangathweni awuna-P-trap seal yamanzi, evumela i-sulfide eyityhefu (ihydrogenH2S) kunye negesi eqhumayo yogutyulo lwemethane* (igesi yogutyulo kunye neyomileyo ye-P-trap kaxakeka) ukungena ngqo endlwini yakho. Faka itawuli endala yokuhlamba ebhijelwe ngaphakathi kwengxowa yegrosari enzima uyiqinise kwiflange evulekileyo yogutyulo (okanye fakela iplagi yovavanyo yerabha eyandiswayo yeedola ezi-4) ukutywina umbhobho ungangeni moya ngelixa indlu yangasese icinyiwe.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Ujongwa njani ukusuka ngezantsi usebenzisa i "Screwdriver / Awl Penetration Test"¶

Beka iiglasi zokhuseleko, i-NIOSH N95/P100 yokuphefumla (imigangatho ebolileyo igqunywe kwi-spores yokungunda), kunye nesibane, kwaye ungene kwindawo yokukhasa okanye kwigumbi elingaphantsi ngaphantsi kwegumbi lokuhlambela (okanye usike i-40-by-40-centimeter / 16-by-16-intshi yokuhlola isikwere kwisilingi eyomileyo emva kodonga lombane - Cinezela incam yomgangatho isikrudrayiva esisicaba okanye i-awl yomchweli ngokuqinileyo ngesandla esinye kwicala leentsimbi zomgangatho weplanga kunye nomzantsi wesheathing yomgangatho ongaphantsi. - Isandi, umthi osempilweni wolwakhiwo: Incam yescrewdriver ayibobozi umphezulu nge-*-1 ukuya kwi-2 yeemilimitha (1/16 intshi)**. - Iplanga elibolileyo, elingaphumeleliyo ngokwesakhiwo: Iblayidi yesikrudrayiva izika ngokukhawuleza 15 ukuya kwi-50 millimeters (½ ukuya kwi-intshi ezi-2) ngqo emthini njengesonka samasi ethambileyo okanye isikhokho sepunky, okanye iziqwenga zomthi ezibumdaka ezibume kwetyhubhu ziyawohloka esandleni sakho (ukubola okumdaka kwetyhubhu).

Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukufakela iScrew-Jack yeThutyana ethe nkqo / 4x4 ukuShowa kwamaplanga phantsi kweeJoists zeBathroom ezisilelayo¶

Ukuba enye okanye ngaphezulu kokudityaniswa komgangatho ngaphantsi kwegumbi lokuhlambela kufakwe iinokoji ezinzulu, ziqhekeziwe, okanye zibolile, unokuthintela umgangatho wokuhlambela (kunye nentsimbi enzima okanye ibhafu ye-acrylic ngaphezulu kwayo) ukuba iwiswe ngokumisa ** umqadi othe nkqo othe nkqo** kumgangatho ongaphantsi okanye kwindawo yokukhasa ngqo phantsi kwegumbi lokuhlambela:

   [EMERGENCY BASEMENT / CRAWLSPACE SHORING UNDER ROTTED BATHROOM JOISTS]

      [Joist #1]       [Joist #2 (Rotted)]       [Joist #3]
   ======+=====================+=====================+====== <-- Bathroom Subfloor
   |2x10 |               |2x10 |               |2x10 |
   +-----+               +-----+               +-----+
   ========================================================= <-- Top Header: Double 2x6 or 4x4
               ||                             ||                 spanning across 3-4 joists
         [Steel Jack Post]              [Steel Jack Post]
         (or 4x4 Wood Post)             (or 4x4 Wood Post)
               ||                             ||
   ========================================================= <-- Bottom Mudsill: 2x10 or 2x12
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////     plank distributing load on slab/soil

1. Ungaze ubeke indawo yeposti yejekhi enye ngokuthe ngqo kumphantsi obolileyo obolileyo okanye kwijoyinti yepunky enye (ipleyiti engaphezulu yejekhi iyakugqobhoza iqonde ngqo kumthi obolileyo).
2. Endaweni yoko, sika 1.2-ukuya-1.8-imitha (4-ukuya-6-unyawo) umqadi othe tyaba othe tyaba ngaphandle kwe-2x6 amaplanga aphindwe kabini okanye amaplanga aqinileyo angama-4x4* kwaye uyibambe imcaba malunga ne ngaphantsi kwe-3 okanye 4 ezidityanisiweyo zomgangatho ezidityanisiweyo (ibekwe ngama-30 eesentimitha ukusuka kwindawo eqinileyo okanye i-12 yeplanga emva ukusuka kwidibanisi engaguqukiyo ukuya kwisidibaniselwano esipheleleyo ukunqumla indawo ebolileyo).
3. Lala ububanzi 2x10 okanye 2x12 iplanga yeplanga yodaka enyangwa ngoxinzelelo (okanye i40-by-40-centimeter / 16-by-16-intshi eqinileyo yeconcrete pad kumhlaba oqinileyo, ongaphazamisekiyo) tyaba kumgangatho ongaphantsi okanye umhlaba wokukhasa ngokuthe ngqo phantsi komqadi weheader ukusasaza ubunzima obuhlayo.
4. Yima zibe mbini ** iipali zentsimbi eziguquguqukayo zentsimbi engaphantsi (iikholamu zeteleposts / iikholamu zelally)** okanye usike iipali ezimbini ezithe nkqo 4x4 zepali zamaplanga (ziqiniswe ngokuqinileyo kwisiseko ezineeshim zomthi oqinileyo ochasayo) phakathi kweplanga yodaka olusezantsi kunye nomqadi wentloko ephezulu.
5. UMGAQO WOKUBHALWA OMNQOPHISO - Snug to Support, Snug Crank Upward: Qinisa isikrufu sentsimbi yentsimbi ehlengahlengiswayo kuphela de umqa weheader ucinezele ngokucokisekileyo ngokubhekiselele kumazantsi omgangatho wokuhlanganisa ukuze ubambe ubunzima bawo. Ungaze ukrazule ipali yejack ukuya phezulu ngeesentimitha ezininzi ngenjikalanga enye ukuzama "ukunyusa" umgangatho womgangatho wokuhlambela; ukugqogqa igumbi lokuhlambela ukuya phezulu ngesiquphe kuya kucheba imibhobho yamanzi yobhedu eqinileyo, kukrazule izifuka zentsimbi, kwaye kuqhekezwe zonke iithayile zodonga lweceramic kwigumbi lokuhlambela.

Ukuntywila nzulu 4: Imithetho esisigxina yokulungiswa kolwakhiwo (Kutheni ungenako ukuwisa nje iqhekeza leplywood kumgangatho obolileyo)¶

Xa ulungisa igumbi lokuhlambela elibolileyo elingaphantsi komgangatho ojikeleze indlu yangasese okanye ibhafu, thintela impazamo "yesigqubuthelo sokwaleka" sabangamaziyo sokukroboza icwecwe elicekethekileyo le-6-millimeter (¼-intshi) yeplywood yeluan PHEZU KWE-OSB emanzi, ebolileyo (ethi ibambe ukufuma, ikhawulezise ukubola kwidibanti yomgangatho, kwaye inyuse umphakamo ngokungafanelekanga)

1. Sika wonke uMgangatho oBolileyo ukusuka kwi-Joist-Center ukuya kwi-Joist-Center:
2. Cwangcisa ubunzulu besarha yesarha ubunzulu obuchanekileyo bomgangatho ongaphantsi okhoyo (** 19 millimeters / ¾ intshi ** yomgangatho ophantsi womgangatho ongaphantsi komhlaba - ungaze ube nzulu, okanye uya kubona kumphezulu womgangatho odibeneyo kwaye ubethe imibhobho yobhedu okanye iingcingo zombane ezibotshelelwe ngokuthe ngqo ngaphantsi komgangatho ophantsi).
3. Susa i-OSB ebolileyo okanye ibhodi yebhodi yonke indlela emva komile, oqaqambileyo, umthi oqinileyo, usenza amanxeba akho ezantsi ** kumbindi (19 mm / ¾ kumlebe othwele)** kweyona ndawo ikufutshane ehambelanayo yomgangatho.
4. Udade Ogcwele I-Span 2x10 Joists ecaleni kwayo nayiphi na iJoists eBolileyo okanye eneNotshi eGqibeleleyo:
5. Tshiza amajoyinti asele ekhona nge-borate wood preservative ukubulala umngundo oseleyo.
6. Sika i-pressure-treated okanye i-kiln-yomisiwe ** 2x8 okanye 2x10 joist ** (ukwandisa ubuncinane ** 90 centimeters / 3 iinyawo ezidlulileyo icandelo elibolileyo okanye elinotshi kumacala omabini **, okanye ngokufanelekileyo ukuphumla ekupheleni ukuya ekupheleni ukusuka kwisiseko se-sill plate ukuya kumbindi webhanti yebhanti), gquba i-Premium yokwakhiwa kwe-mating nge-polyush, i-PLUM isikhonkwane esonakeleyo, kwaye udibanise kunye nesakhiwo se-8-centimeter (3-⅛-intshi) ngezikrufu zeplanga okanye izikhonkwane ezinyakazelayo eziyi-16d rhoqo ngeesentimitha ezingama-30 (12 intshi).
7. Faka okuqinileyo 2x8 okanye 2x10 umnqamlezo onqamlezileyo phakathi kwezidibanisi ngokuthe ngqo ngaphantsi kwemithungo emitsha yomgangatho ongaphantsi kunye nakuwo onke amacala amane eflange yendlu yangasese eyi-100-millimeter (i-intshi ezi-4) ukuze iibholiti zangasese zibe kwifreyim eqinileyo kunokuba ibe yi-sheathing ebhityileyo.
8. Fakela i-19-Millimeter (¾-Intshi) ye-CDX yeBanga laNgaphandle okanye iPlywood yaseMarine (Never Particleboard):
9. Buyisela indawo yegumbi lokuhlambela elingaphantsi kwepetshi usebenzisa i-19-millimeter (¾-intshi) IPlywood yoBanga lwaNgaphandle (okanye ukusebenza okuphezulu kolwimi-kunye negroove ukumelana nokufuma okungaphantsi komhlaba okufana ne-Advantech) encanyathiselwe kwizidibanisi ngesincamathelisi solwakhiwo olunomgangatho ophantsi kwaye usijijelwe phantsi zonke iisentimitha ezili-15 (iisentimitha ezi-6 okanye iinzipho ngeesentimitha).
10. Bolt a stainless-steel ring PVC/ABS toilet closet flange ngokuthe ngqo phezu komgangatho ogqityiweyo usebenzisa izikrufu zentsimbi estainless okanye ubhedu (ungaze izikhonkwane zedrywall, eziqhumayo kwiinyanga ezili-18), kwaye usete indlu yangasese nge-** eqiniswe umsesane wewax eqinisiweyo okanye i-elastomeric engenawax**.

Iinombolo zengingqi zikaxakeka kunye neeprothokholi ze-arhente¶

Ukuba igumbi lokuhlambela elingaphantsi okanye isilingi liyawa, libambise umhlali, okanye liqhekeze amanzi, igesi, okanye iintambo zombane:

• EUnited States naseKhanada: Fowunela 911 (bona amanani kaxakeka) ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukuwa komgangatho kubangela ukulimala okanye ukungazinzi kwesakhiwo. Imigangatho yokuphambuka komgangatho womgangatho, ukukruqula, kunye nemigangatho yokuphambuka komthwalo ophilayo (ubuncinci 1.44 kPa / 30 psf okanye 1.92 kPa / 40 psf iyunifomu yomthwalo ophilayo kunye L/360 umda wokuphambuka) ilawulwa IKhowudi yokuHlala yaMazwe ngaMazwe (i-IRC yeCandelo le-R502) IKhowudi yeSakhiwo yeSizwe ye-R502 ye-NBC* yaseKhanada**
• United Kingdom: Fowunela 999 malunga nokuwa kwesakhiwo okanye iimeko ezingxamisekileyo zombane. Kwizindlu zase-UK, ** i-chipboard (ibakala le-P5 elimelana nomgangatho wokufuma)** kunye neendawo zokuhombisa/zokugrumba amaplanga (iinotshi ezivumelekileyo kuphela phakathi kwe-*0.07 kunye ne-0.25 ye-span **, ubunzulu obukhulu 0.125 x ubunzulu bejoist) zilawulwa ngokungqongqo phantsi kwe-*Imimiselo yoLwakhiwo, Uxwebhu oluVunyiweyo lweBS 1995-1-1 (Eurocode 5) **, kunye ** neMigangatho ye-NHBC **.
• ** I-European Union *: Fowunela ** 112 ** ngeenkonzo ezingxamisekileyo. Uyilo lwesakhiwo somgangatho weTimber kunye negumbi elimanzi ( Nassraum *) iimbrane zokuthintela amanzi zilandela ** i-Eurocode 5 (EN 1995) ** kunye ne **DIN 18534 **.
• Ostreliya neNew Zealand: Fowunela 000 e-Australia okanye 111 eNew Zealand. E-Australia naseNew Zealand, ukudilika komgangatho ongaphantsi kwegumbi lokuhlambela kulawulwa ngothintelo phantsi kwe-AS 3740 (Ukungangenwa kwamanzi kweeNdawo eziManzi zaseKhaya) kunye neKhowudi yeSizwe yoKwakha (NCC), egunyazisa ukuguquguquka okuqhubekayo elastomeric inwebu yokuthintela amanzi ijike iindonga kwaye ibotshelelwe kwinkunkuma ephantsi yomgangatho* okanye ipuddle yonke.
• ** I-Indiya kunye ne-Asia-Pacific **: Fowunela ** 112 ** eIndiya okanye ** 119 ** eJapan naseMzantsi Korea. EJapan, imigangatho ephantsi eyenziwe ngomthi (mokuzo) igumbi lokuhlambela kunye nemiqadi ye-sill (dodai) yeyona ndawo iphambili yokubola kwe-brown-rot kunye ne-Coptotermes uhlaselo lwentubi, ekhokelela phantse kuwo onke amakhaya aseJapan anamhlanje ukuba asebenzise isiqwenga esinye esibunjwe ngumzi-mveliso esingangeni manzi Iibhafu zeYunithi (UB) ziphumle kwikhonkrithi okanye imilenze yodwa elungelelanisiweyo yentsimbi.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho¶

Ingaba ibhafu egcweleyo ingawa ngenene yonke indlela kubhafu obolileyo womgangatho ukuya kwigumbi elingezantsi?¶

Kunqabile ukuba ibhafu yealcove ye-acrylic okanye yefiberglass iwele ngokupheleleyo kwisilingi ngentshukumo enye njengekhathuni, kuba ibhafu ibanzi kunesithuba seesentimitha ezingama-40 (i-intshi ezili-16) phakathi kwezidibanisi zemigangatho emininzi kwaye ngokuyinxenye ibanjwa ludonga lwemibhobho yamanzi kunye nezikhonkwane zomjikelezo. Nangona kunjalo, KWENZEKA qho oko kwenzekayo (kwaye kuyonakalisa ngokulinganayo) kukuba enye okanye ezimbini ezibolileyo okanye ezichongwe ngokunzulu ngaphantsi kwebhafu yeenyawo zenkxaso ezigxininisiweyo ziyakhawuleza okanye zityumke zijonge ezantsi ngeesentimitha ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-15 (ii-intshi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6) ngelixa ibhafu izele ziilitha ezingama-225 (iilitha ezingama-60) zamanzi. Oko kuwisa ngesiquphe okuziisentimitha ezili-10 kukrazula umbhobho wobhedu oqinileyo kunye nemibhobho yonikezelo eshushu/ebandayo phakathi ngaphakathi emgangathweni, ilahla amakhulu eelitha zamanzi kwisilingi esezantsi yodonga olomileyo de isilingi ezele ngamanzi idilike kwigumbi elingezantsi. I-iron clawfoot enemilenze emine ezimeleyo (emilenze emine emxinwa igxile kwiikhilogram ezingama-500 / 1,100 eekhilogram kwiziqwenga ezine ezincinci ezizisentimitha ezi-5 zomgangatho ongaphantsi) ZININGAbetha imilenze yazo ngokuthe ngqo kwibhodi ebolileyo okanye i-OSB phakathi kwezidibanisi kunye nencam yobundlobongela.

Ngaba kukhuselekile ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese eshukuma kancinane ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye?¶

Hayi. Indlu yangasese akufunekanga ishukume, ityekele, okanye ishukume nokuba yi-2 millimeters xa uhleli kuyo. Nokuba iplanga elingaphantsi lomgangatho ongaphantsi liseluqilima ubukhulu becala, indlu yangasese eshukumayo yophula iinyosi ezingenalulastiki/iparafini Iwax Ring itywina ngaphantsi kwesitya kwindawo yokuqala yokuthambeka. Nje ukuba umsesane we-wax ucinezele kwelinye icala, ngalo lonke ixesha ugungxula indlu yangasese, i-5 ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini yamanzi amdaka ahlambalaza emacaleni ngaphandle komsantsa ngqo kwi-subfloor yakho yeplanga phantsi kwe-vinyl okanye i-tile, ngokuthula ukubola ngaphandle komgangatho odibeneyo ngelixa uvumela igesi enetyhefu ukuba ingene kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Ukuba umgangatho usaqinile, khulula iibholithi zegunjana, tyibiliza iplastiki yangasese eqinileyo ishukuma phantsi kwesiseko ide ingakwazi ukushukuma imilimitha, phinda usethe indlu yangasese kwiringi yewax entsha, kwaye uvale umphambili nasemacaleni (ushiya umva weesentimitha ezili-10 ungacaciswanga njengesithuba esivuzayo).

Kutheni abatywini beshiya umva weesentimitha ezili-10 (ii-intshi ezi-4) zesiseko sendlu yangasese engalungiswanga kumgangatho wokuhlambela?¶

Iikhowudi zemibhobho yamazwe ngamazwe (IPC/UPC) zifuna ukutywina isiseko sendlu yangasese apho idibana khona nomgangatho ukuze amanzi aqhuqhe kunye nomchamo angakwazi ukuhamba ngaphantsi kwesiseko se-porcelain kunye nokuzala iibhaktheriya, KODWA abachwephesha abanamava bahlala beshiya i-10-centimeter (4-intshi) isithuba esingacacanga ngasemva kwesiseko sendlu yangasese emva kwesitya. Ngoba? Kuba ukuba ubeka i-silicone-caulk i-100 yepesenti yomjikelezo ojikeleze emazantsi endlu yangasese kwaye umsesane wangaphakathi we-wax uhlala uqalisa ukuvuza, idama le-caulk libambisa onke amanzi amdaka avuzayo ngaphantsi kwendlu yangasese apho ungenakuze uwabone, ukunyanzela ugutyulo ukuba lungene ngqo kwi-OSB / plywood yakho yeplanga yokuhlambela iminyaka emibini. Ukushiya isithuba seesentimitha ezili-10 ngasemva kuvumela nakuphi na ukuvuza kweringi yewax ukuba iphumele ngaphandle ngokubonakalayo kwithayile esemva kwendlu yangasese ngoSuku loku-1 ukuze ukwazi ukulungisa i-wax ye-5 yeringi ngaphambi kokuba yonakalise i-4,000 ye-subfloor.

Ndinokwazi njani ukuba indawo ethambileyo kwigumbi lam lokuhlambela kumgangatho ophezulu weplywood obolileyo kunye nomgangatho owaphukileyo odibanisayo ngaphantsi?¶

Sebenzisa i-"16-Inch Span Test": iindawo zokuhlala ezidityanisiweyo zomgangatho wokuhlala zihamba ngokunxuseneyo zishiyana ngeesentimitha ezingama-40 (ii-intshi eziyi-16) ukusuka kumbindi ukuya embindini. Ukuba umgangatho wamagumbi okuhlambela uziva uqinile phantse kuyo yonke indawo ngaphandle kwendawo enye encinci ye-20-to-30-centimeter (i-8-to-12-intshi) yendawo yendawo esecaleni kwekona yeshawari okanye isiseko sendlu yangasese, kwaye umgangatho uwonke usemgangatho, i-19-millimeter (3/4-intshi) ye-OSB okanye ipaneli yomgangatho ophantsi weplywood odibanisa PHAKATHI nee-rotted jotted ezimbini. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba umkhombe omde we-1.5-ukuya-2.5-imitha (5-ukuya-8-unyawo) womgangatho ushona ezantsi, ukuba igumbi lonke lithambeka ukuya eludongeni olunye, ukuba ibhafu iyawa ukusuka kwithayile eludongeni xa ungena kuyo, okanye ukuba i-drywall ekwigumbi elisezantsi iyaqhekeka ecaleni komgca othe tye, i-rofloor okanye i-rooflist engaphezulu iyaqhekeka.

Ngaba ndingakwazi ukutofa i-epoxy okanye into yokuqinisa iinkuni kwigumbi lokuhlambela elibolileyo elingaphantsi kweflange endaweni yokusika iinkuni?¶

Hayi. Ulwelo olungena epoxy hardeners iinkuni kunye namacandelo amabini polyester iinkuni fillers ziyilelwe ngokungqongqo ukulungiswa izithambiso kwiisill zefestile non-structural okanye trim yangaphandle. Nje ukuba igumbi lokuhlambela elingaphantsi komgangatho ojikeleze indlu yangasese okanye phantsi kweenyawo zebhafu libolile kangangokuba ligoba ngaphantsi kweenyawo okanye livumele iibholiti zegunjana langasese ukuba zikhululeke, iintsinga zomthi ziphulukene nokucheba kwazo kunye nokomelela kwazo ngaphaya kweesentimitha ezingama-40 (ii-intshi ezili-16) zokudibanisa. Kufuneka usike isikwere esibolileyo somgangatho osezantsi ubuyele kumbindi weyona ndawo ikufutshane edityanisiweyo eqinileyo, ufakele uthintelo oluqinileyo olu-2x10 phantsi kwemiphetho kunye neflange, kwaye ujike iqhekeza elitsha le-19-millimeter (3/4-intshi) yeplywood yomgangatho wangaphandle.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• Ukonakala kwesakhiwo kunye nokuwa kwesakhiwo
• Ukuwohloka kwesilingi, udonga olomileyo olunamanzi, kunye nobungozi bodaka
• Indawo yokutyela ezele zizikhukula, amanzi emi phantsi kwendlu, kunye nokutsalwa kweengozi zombane
• Ibubu leentubi, iimbovane zabachweli, kunye nokungaphumeleli komqadi kwisakhiwo
• Umandlalo wamanzi okanye ukugqabhuka kwe-aquarium enkulu kunye nezikhukhula ezikumgangatho ongaphezulu

Imithombo kunye nezikhokelo ezisemthethweni¶

• IBhunga leKhowudi yeHlabathi (i-ICC) - iKhowudi yokuHlala yaMazwe ngaMazwe (iCandelo le-IRC i-R502 & ne-R307): *UkuFakwa koMgangatho woMgangatho weZakhiwo, Ezona Nqaku ziVumelelekileyo kunye neMida yokuBora kwiiJoni zamaplanga ezisahliweyo, kunye neMigangatho yokuGuqa kuMgangatho ongaphantsi kweBafu lokuhlambela.
• Inkonzo yeHlathi ye-USDA - ILabhoratri yeeMveliso zeHlathi (FPL): *Incwadi yeNkuni: Ukhuni njengeMathiriyeli yobuNjineli (iMechanics ye-Brown-Rot Fungal Depolymerization kunye ne-Rapid Flexural Strength Loss ngaphambi kokuLahleka koMninzi) *.
• ** I-Tile Council yaseNyakatho Melika (TCNA) kunye ne-ANSI A108: ** Incwadana yeCeramic, iGlass, kunye noFakelo lweTile yokuFakela (i-Subfloor Stiffness L/360 Requirements kunye ne-Wet-Area Waterproofing Membranes).
• I-Arhente ye-Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA): INkqubo yeSizwe yokuPhendula kwe-US&R yeNkqubo yoBuchule bokuQwala kweNcwadana ye-Technician Manual - i-Post-and-Header Shoring kunye ne-Mudsill Load Distribution.
• Iziko leMigangatho yaseBritani (BSI): *BS EN 1995-1-1 (I-Eurocode 5: Ukuyilwa kweZakhiwo zeTimber) kunye noXwebhu oluVunyiweyo lwe-A-IiNdawo eziVunyiweyo zokuQinisekisa kunye nokuGwatywa kweMimandla kwiiNdawo zoMgangatho weTimber wasekhaya *.