Ukothuka okanye ukubetha xa uchukumisa iFaucet yeshawa okanye iLeli yePool: Ivoltage elahlekileyo kunye nokuvula umhlaba.¶

Ukuva ukuntyiloza okubukhali 50-Hz okanye 60-Hz ukuntyiloza, ukuluma, okanye ukuxhuzula kwezihlunu xa isandla sakho esimanzi sibamba ivalve yokulawula ishawari yentsimbi, i-spout yebhafu, itephu yetinki yasekhitshini, ithumbu lombhobho wegadi yangaphandle, okanye i-handrail yequla lokuqubha yi-ingozi yombane ebeka ubomi esichengeni. Ngokungafaniyo nentlantsi yombane omileyo yasebusika engenabungozi ethi ikrobe kube kanye kwi-microsecond ize ithi shwaka,ukuntyiloza okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo okoko ulusu lwakho luchukumisa intsimbi ithetha ukuba imibhobho yakho yamanzi yobhedu okanye idekhi yamanzi sele iyasebenza ikhondaktha yombane ephethe umsinga otshintshanayo (AC). Ngenxa yokuba ulusu lomntu olumanzi lumile lungenazihlangu kwithayile yeshawari ephantsi komhlaba, ilitye elingaphantsi kwekhonkrithi, okanye ipali emanzi yedekhi inoxhathiso lombane oluthotyiweyo kuphela 300 ukuya kwi-1,000 ohms, umahluko onokubakho nje 15 ukuya kwi-50 volts AC phakathi kwetempe yeshawa kunye nomgangatho omanzi wokukhupha amanzi ukuze uqhube i-1000 milgger ukutyhutyha isifuba10055 i-tetany yokuphefumla ("ayinakuyeka" ukukhubazeka), i-fibrillation ye-ventricular, okanye i-Electric Shock Drwnning (ESD). Okuyingozi ngakumbi: ukucima i-Main Circuit Breaker yekhaya lakho AYIKUQINISEKISO ukothuka, ngenxa yokuba intambo engathathi hlangothi yommelwane eyaphukileyo okanye impazamo yokuhanjiswa kwesitrato inokutyhala **10 ukuya kwii-amps ezingama-40 zegridi yangaphandle yokubuya yangoku ** ngqo phezulu kumbhobho wakho wenkonzo yamanzi wesinyithi ongaphantsi komhlaba. Ukuba nabani na uva ukuntlontlozela okanye ukothuka kwitepu, ishawa, okanye idama, gcina wonke umntu aphume emanzini, fowunela umbane wakho wombane ongxamisekileyo. amanani kaxakeka ngokukhawuleza, jonga yethu ukutshatyalaliswa kombane kunye nesikhokelo soncedo lokuqala lombane, khangela wethu vula usetyenziso olungathathi hlangothi kwisikhokelo sikaxakeka, kwaye uqhagamshelane nathi Isikhokelo sikaxakeka kwidama lokuqubha.

Ungaze uzame "ukulungisa" umbhobho wamanzi osebenza ngamandla ngokukhulula isithinteli sokumisa ubhedu esincanyatheliswe kumbhobho wakho wamanzi okanye utsale ucingo lwakho lwangaphandle lwentonga: ukukhulula ibamba lomhlaba ngeli lixa umsinga uqukuqelayo kubeka umbane ogcweleyo we-120-volt okanye we-240-volt ovulelekileyo wesekethi ngqo ezandleni zakho zombini.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

1. Yalela wonke umntu ukuba aphume kwishawari, ebhafini, okanye kwidama lokuqubha ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuchukumisa izixhobo zentsimbi. Ukuba umntu ukwidama lokuqubha kwaye uva ukuntyiloza kufutshane neleli, isibane esingaphantsi kwamanzi, okanye umphetho wekhonkrithi omanzi, myalele ukuba **dada kude kwiileli zentsimbi kunye nezibane ukuya kwiplastiki engabambisiyo/izinto ezihlanganisiweyo ngaphandle kokurhuqa intsimbi phezu kwendawo okanye ukuyirhuqa ngaphandle kwesandla. Ungaze utsibe kwidama lokudada elintywizisayo ukuze uhlangule ixhoba; cima zonke ii-subpanel breakers kuqala kwaye usebenzise i-fiberglass shepherd's crook.
2. Vavanya ukuba ngaba ukucima i-Main Circuit Breaker yekhaya lakho iyayimisa ivoltheji (ngaphandle kokuchukumisa umbhobho omanzi ngezandla ezingenanto). Unxibe izihlangu ezinonyawo lwerabha ezomileyo, yiya kwindawo yakho yombane engundoqo uze ujike iMain Circuit Breaker (100A / 200A) ukuya OFF.
3. Ukuba ukupeyinta i-Main Breaker yakho OFF kuphelisa amandla ombane kumbhobho: Impazamo kukuba ngaphakathi kwendlu yakho (njengesixhobo sokufudumala sombane esifutshane sombane, ucingo olupinkiweyo lweRomex oluchukumisa umbhobho wobhedu eludongeni ngocingo olusemhlabeni oluvulekileyo, okanye iqula/ipompo yesump engasebenziyo).
4. Ukuba amandla ombane AHLALA kumbhobho wamanzi nokuba iMain Breaker yakho IVIMILE ngokupheleleyo: Umsinga ungena kwikhaya lakho usuka kwigridi yenkonzo yangaphandle okanye kwindlu yommelwane ngesixhobo sakho esingundoqo samanzi obhedu angaphantsi komhlaba, ikhaka lentambo ye-coaxial, okanye i-utility neutral/PEN conductor.
5. UNGAZE ukhulule, usike, okanye ukhulule i-Electrode Clamp yobhedu kumbhobho wakho wamanzi wobhedu, isitsibi semitha yamanzi, okanye intonga yangaphandle yomhlaba. Xa ii-amps ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-30 zombane ongathathi ntweni uqukuqela umbhobho wakho wamanzi wobhedu okanye ucingo oluphantsi, ucingo kunye nebamba gcina umbane ombane uphantsi de usetyenziso lufike. Ngephanyazo xa ukhulula eso sibambeli kwaye utsale ucingo kude kumbhobho ngezandla zakho, umzimba wakho uba kuphela kwebhulorho enqumla kwisekethe evulekileyo eyi-120-volt okanye i-240-volt, ebangela ukutshatyalaliswa kombane ngoko nangoko.
6. Biza umnxeba weNgxaki yakho yoMbane oyi-24/7 ngoko nangoko kwaye unike ingxelo ethi "Imibhobho yaManzi eVunyiweyo / Ukothuka kwiFaucet yeShowa." Iinkampani ezisebenza ngombane zithumela i-lineman kaxakeka kunye ne-ammeter ebambezelayo kunye nesivavanyi sebhokisi yomthwalo ukujonga ukuba inkonzo yakho ingathathi hlangothi okanye inkonzo yommelwane iqhawukile kwaye isebenzisa imibhobho yamanzi ebuyayo kamasipala.
7. Balumkise abatywini, amagcisa e-HVAC, kunye nabasebenzi beemitha zamanzi zikamasipala PHAMBI kokuba bachukumise nayiphi na imibhobho kwipropati yakho. Kulo lonke elase-United States, e-UK, eYurophu, nase-Australia, abachwephesha bemibhobho yamanzi kunye namagcisa aluncedo lwamanzi abanjwa ngumbane okanye atshiswe kanobom minyaka le xa esika umbhobho wobhedu okanye akhulule imitha yamanzi yobhedu ngaphakathi kumgangatho ongaphantsi ophantsi ovulekileyo2 imbuyekezo yangoku evulekileyo2 ngasese.
8. Ukuba isiphoso singaphakathi kwindlu yakho, yenza "Uvavanyo lokuzahlula lwe-One-Breaker-at-a-Time Isolation" nge-multimeter. Nge-digital multimeter yokulinganisa ii-volts ze-AC phakathi kwe-faucet yentsimbi kunye nesalathiso somhlaba esaziwayo esaziwayo, cima izaphuli zesekethe zesebe nganye nganye de umbane wehle ukuya. 0.0V ukukhomba eyona ndlela imfutshane yesekethe okanye isixhobo.

Umthi wesigqibo: Ukwahlula umthombo wetephu yeshawa entywizisayo, i-spigot yangaphandle, okanye i-pool handrail¶

Sebenzisa lo mthi wokulinganisa inyathelo ngenyathelo lombane ukujonga ukuba amandla ombane ayingozi asuka kwisixhobo sombane esingaphakathi kwikhaya lakho, icandelo lemibhobho engasebenziyo, indawo engasebenziyo eyaphukileyo, okanye igridi yokuqubha engekhoyo ekwi-equipotential bonding grid.

flowchart TD
    Start["Ukothuka okanye ukuBuziza kweNxiwa evakala kwiFaucet yeShowa, iSink, iHose Bib, okanye iLeli yePool."] --> ClearWater["INYATHELO LOKU-1 NGOKUKHAWULEZA: Phuma kwishawari, ibhafu, okanye idama ngokukhawuleza. Gcina abantu abanganxibanga zihlangu kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya kwikhonkrithi emanzi/ithayile"]

    ClearWater --> MainTest["INYATHELO LESI-2: Jika i-MAIN CIRCUIT BREAKER yekhaya lakho ukuze YIVALE kwindawo yolawulo engundoqo (musa ukuphatha imibhobho yentsimbi)"]

    MainTest --> CheckVolt{"NgeDijithali yeMulthimitha (i-AC Volts) phakathi kwendawo yentsimbi kunye nentonga yomhlaba ozimeleyo / idreyini: Ngaba i-voltage ISEKHONA nge-Main Breaker OFF?"}

    CheckVolt -->|"EWE: I-Voltage ihlala ikhona (2V ukuya kwi-120V AC) nokuba i-Main Breaker OFF"| ExternalSource["IGRIDI YAPHANDLE / UMMELWANE UVULA NGAPHANDLE: Eyangoku iyaqukuqela kwimibhobho yakho yamanzi okanye ibha yomhlaba isuka kwisiguquli somsebenzi wesitrato, ummelwane owaphukileyo, okanye impazamo ye-PME/PEN. 1. UNGAchukumisi imibhobho okanye iziqhoboshi zomhlaba 2. Fowunela i-Electric Utility Emergency Line ngoko nangoko"]

    CheckVolt -->|"HAYI: I-Voltage yehla ukuya kwi-0.0V xa i-Main Breaker yakho icinyiwe"| InternalFault["Impazamo yendlu yangaPhakathi: Isekethe okanye isixhobo esingaphakathi kwekhaya lakho sivuza umsinga kumbhobho ongabotshwanga okanye emhlabeni."]

    InternalFault --> BreakerSearch["Cima zonke izaphuli zesebe, vula i-Main Breaker, emva koko uvule izaphuli zesebe enye ngexesha ujonge i-multimeter kwi-faucet."]

    BreakerSearch --> CulpritType{"Yeyiphi isekethe ebangela ukuba amandla ombane avele kwi-faucet okanye echibini?"}

    CulpritType -->|"I-240V yesifudumezi samanzi, iMpompo yeWell, i-Dishwasher, okanye ukuLahlwa kweNkunkuma"| ApplianceShort["Isixhobo sokuFudumeza esifutshane okanye iMotor Wining + Umhlaba owaphukileyo/iBond: Shiya eso saphuli-mthetho. Yiba nesixhobo sokulungisa isixhobo sombane kunye nemibhobho yobhedu eshushu/ebandayo kumhlaba omkhulu"]

    CulpritType -->|"I-15A / 20A yokuKhanya okanye iSekethe yokuPhuma"| PinchedRomex["Isikhonkwane/Isikrufu Esigqojoziweyo iRomex Cable Touching Copper Pipe ngaphakathi eludongeni (kaninzi emva kokulungiswa kombhobho weplastiki wePEX wahlukanisa isikhondo sobhedu). Shiya i-breaker OFF kwaye ubize umqhubi wombane"]

    CulpritType -->|"Impompo yePool, isifudumezi-manzi sedama, isibane sangaphantsi kwamanzi, okanye ukuKhanya kweLandscape"| PoolFault["AMAPHUMELA / UKUPHUMELEKA KWE-EQUIPOTENTIAL BODING: Gcina idama livaliwe kwaye litshixiwe. Funa umntu osebenza ngombane onelayisenisi ukulungisa isiphene emhlabeni kwaye aqinisekise #8 AWG ubhedu oluluqilima lwegridi ye-equipotential bonding (NEC 680.26)"]

Ifiziksi yokuba kutheni uziva wothukile kwishawari okanye edama ("Touch Potential" kunye "neStep Potential")¶

Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni unokuchukumisa itephu yekhitshi yentsimbi ngelixa unxibe izihlangu zerabha kumgangatho wokhuni owomileyo kwaye ungeva nto, ukanti ufumane ukothuka okundlongondlongo uchukumisa ivalve yeshawari yeshawari eqhagamshelwe kumbhobho* kanye ofanayo**, jonga ukuba umsinga wombane uhamba njani kwiVoltage Gradient.

1. Umahluko wombane phakathi kwamanqaku amabini (Touch Potential)¶

Umbane uqukuqela kuphela emzimbeni wakho xa ulusu lwakho lubopha amanqaku amabini kumbane ohlukeneyo (amathuba): - Imeko A: IFaucet yesinyithi kwiiVolts ezingama-25 + Umsele weThayile eManzi ngeVolts eziyi-0: - Masithi isikhonkwane esibethelelwe eludongeni sihlaba intambo eyi-120V kwaye inike amandla icandelo lombhobho wobhedu wamanzi ashushu (okanye usetyenziso olwaphukileyo olungathathi hlangothi luphakamisa imibhobho yakho yamanzi yobhedu ukuya 25 volts AC ngokunxulumene nomhlaba wenene). - Ngeli xesha, i- **cast-iron okanye i-PVC emgangathweni we-drain ** ezinyaweni zakho ezingenanto ingcwatywe ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba omanzi ngaphantsi kwe-sleb yekhonkrithi e- 0 volts (izinto ezinokwenzeka zomhlaba wokwenyani), okanye i-sleb yomgangatho wekhonkrithi emanzi ene-rebar yentsimbi esekelwe phantsi iku **0 volts **. - Xa umi unganxibanga zihlangu kumsele omanzi (0V) kwaye ufikelele phezulu ngesandla esimanzi anesepha ukujika isiphatho seshawari yesinyithi (25V), umzimba wakho udibanisa **25-volt AC enokubakho umahluko **. - Imeko B: Kutheni iiVolts eziyi-15 ze-AC kwishawari emanzi zixhaphakile kwaye ziyingozi: - Isikhumba sesandla esomileyo esine-calloused sinokuchasana okuphezulu kwe-*-40,000 ukuya kwi-100,000 ohms , ngoko ke i-15 okanye i-25 volts ayibonakali ngokukhawuleza xa yomile. - Ngaphakathi kwishawari eshushu okanye idama lokuqubha, amanzi ashushu kunye nesepha zinyibilikisa ioyile yolusu kwaye ihluthe i-stratum corneum, iwisa i-impedance yakho yangaphakathi yesandla ukuya kunyawo ukuya kwi-500 ukuya kwi-800 ohms. - NgoMthetho ka-Ohm (\(I = V / R\)), i-25 volts ezahlulwe ngama-600 ohms zilingana ne-41.6 milliamperes (mA) ye-AC yangoku ihamba isuka esandleni sakho, ngokuthe ngqo entliziyweni yakho kunye ne-diaphragm, kunye neenyawo zakho ezimanzi: - 1 mA ukuya kwi-3 mA: Iqondakalayo 60-Hz / 50-Hz ukuntyiloza okuvakalayo (threshold of perception). - 5 mA ukuya kwi-9 mA: Umothuko obuhlungu ohlabayo; ukuxhuzula ngaphandle kokuzithandela (kudla ngokubangela ukuwa okukhulu ngeengcango zeshawari zeglasi). - 10 mA ukuya kwi-20 mA ("Let-Go Threshold"): Izihlunu zamathambo kwingalo yakho yangaphambili kunye nokutshixa kwesandla kwi-tetanic spasm; iminwe yakho igoqe ngokuqinileyo kwisiphatho seshawa yesinyithi okanye ileli yepool kwaye awukwazi ukuyiyeka ngokwasemzimbeni. - 30 mA ukuya ku-75 mA: Ukukhubazeka kokuphefumla kunye ne-i-ventricular fibrillation (i-fatal cardiac arrest).

Ezona zizathu zi-4 zixhaphakileyo zombhobho weshawa onamandla okanye umbhobho wamanzi¶

Xa umntu osebenza ngombane okanye umntu onengxaki yezinto ephanda ngetephu yeshawari eyothusayo, loo mpazamo iphantse yahlala ibuyela emva komnye wemizekelo emine.

Unobangela woku-1: Umgibe we-"PEX yePlastiki yokuLungisa iMibhobho yePlastiki"¶

Lo ngunobangela wokuqala ofihlakeleyo wokothuka kweshawari yangaphakathi kumakhaya ahlaziyiweyo: 1. Ekuqaleni, indlu eyakhiwe ngo-1970 yayine--100 yeepesenti eqhubekayo yobhedu imibhobho ** ukusuka kwindawo ehamba phambili yamanzi esitrato ukuya kuyo yonke ivalve yokuhlamba, ebophelelwe kwipaneli yombane. Ukuba ucingo olungasebenziyo okanye isikrufu sakhe sachukumisa umbhobho wobhedu, senza umbhobho omfutshane ofileyo emhlabeni kwaye ngoko nangoko yakhubeka i-15A/20A isaphuli sesekethe. 2. Kamva, umnini-khaya okanye umtywini walungisa umbhobho onomkhenkce kwigumbi elingaphantsi ngokusika icandelo leemitha ezi-2 lombhobho wobhedu kunye nokuhlanganisa kwi-PEX engaqhubiyo okanye i-CPVC yombhobho weplastiki (SharkBite fittings). 3. Isiphumo Esibulalayo: Laa maqhina adibanisa umbhobho weplastiki ahlula ngombane yonke imibhobho yeshawari yobhedu ekumgangatho ophezulu esuka kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba. Imibhobho yobhedu ephezulu ngoku iisiqithi sentsimbi esidadayo, esingasekelwanga emhlabeni ngaphakathi kweendonga zakho. 4. Xa i-drywall screw, isilingi esivaliweyo socingo olukhanyayo, okanye ucingo lokuhlamba isitya sichukumisa umbhobho wobhedu owahlukileyo, umbhobho unika amandla ku 120 volts AC, i-breaker circuit UNGAZE ihambe (kuba umbhobho weplastiki we-PEX uvala indlela yokubuyela kwipaneli), kunye nevalve yobhedu ilinda ngokuthula kwi-tile yokucoca phantsi* kwaye i-valve yobhedu ilinda ngokuthula kwi-tile ye-touch kumgangatho ** isiphatho.

Unobangela wesi-2: Vula iNkonzo eSebenzayo engathathi hlangothi (Eyakho okanye eyommelwane wakho)¶

Njengoko kuchaziwe kwinqaku lethu vula usetyenziso olungathathi hlangothi: - Xa indlu yakho okanye indlu yommelwane iphulukene nenkonzo yayo yomqhubi ongathathi hlangothi, umsinga womthwalo we-120V ongalungelelaniyo (10 ukuya ku-40 amps) uphumela ngaphandle ngeNkonduki ye-Electrode yoMmandla engundoqo ukuya kumbhobho wamanzi obhedu ongaphantsi komhlaba okanye intonga yomhlaba. - Nokuba indlu yakho ingathathi hlangothi, ukuba umnyango osecaleni kommelwane wakho wophuke ngokungathathi hlangothi, indlu yommelwane wakho iya kulahla imbuyekezo yayo yangoku kwindawo engundoqo yesitrato kwaye ** phezulu ngombhobho WAKHO wamanzi obhedu ongaphantsi komhlaba** ukufikelela kwingcingo yakho engathathi hlangothi, udala 3V ukuya kwi-35V amandla ombane wehla ngaphaya kwemibhobho yakho yamanzi kunye ne-valve yakho.

Unobangela wesi-3: Isixhobo seSifudumezi saManzi esiNdlekeyo + nocingo oluvulekileyo loMhlaba¶

• Ngaphakathi kwisifudumezi-manzi sombane (240V kuMntla Melika, 230V e-UK / EU / AU / Asia), i-copper ye-tubular / i-Incoloy yokufudumeza into egcwele i-magnesium oxide insulation powder kwaye ifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwitanki yamanzi.
• Xa i-sheath yentsimbi yangaphandle yento yokufudumeza iqhekeka ivuleke ukusuka kwisikali kunye nomhlwa, i-coil ephilayo ** 120V / 240V ye-nichrome yokufudumeza idibanisa amanzi kunye nodonga lwetanki ngokuthe ngqo **.
• Ukuba ucingo olusezantsi lwesifudumezi-manzi lukhululekile, lulahlekile, okanye luqhawulwe, umsinga wamanzi ngokwawo kunye nemibhobho yobhedu yamanzi ashushu iba namandla ku 40 ukuya kwi-120 volts nanini na xa isifudumezi-ndawo sivala i-thermostat.

Unobangela 4: ULuhlu oluPhambili loSasazo "I-Voltage ye-Stray" / i-Neutral-to-Earth Voltage (NEV)¶

• Kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, kwiifama zobisi, okanye iindawo zokuhlala ezisetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwesigaba esinye semigca yokuhambisa izinto ezininzi, inxalenye yesixhobo esinevoltheji ephezulu yombane esinembuyekezo engathathi hlangothi iqukuqela ngokuqhubekayo emhlabeni.
• Ngenxa yokuba ubundilele obuphambili bekhaya lakho kunye nokungathathi hlangothi okwesibini kwekhaya lakho kudityaniswe kunye kwisiguquli sepali, intonga yomhlaba exhathisayo ephezulu okanye i-splice ephakathi enomhlwa inokuphakamisa inkqubo yakho ye-electrode yasekhaya yonke nge 3 ukuya kwi-15 volts AC ngaphezu komhlaba wendawo (Neutral-to-Earth Voltage / NEV).

Uthelekiso: Ukuxilonga iMithombo emi-4 yeMibhobho kunye nePool Shocks¶

Idama lokuqubha kunye nezothuso zebhafu eshushu: I-equipotential bonding vs. grounding and Electric Shock Drwnning (ESD)¶

Ukurhawuzelela xa ubamba** ileli yedama lokuqubha lesinyithi, iqonga lebhodi yokuntywila, umgangatho wedama lekhonkrithi emanzi, okanye isibane sedama elingaphantsi kwamanzi** yenye yezona ngozi ziyingozi zombane kukhuseleko kwindawo yokuhlala.

1. Kutheni iiVolts ezi-2 nje ze-AC kuMda wePool zibangela ukothuka kwaye kutheni iiVolts ezili-15 zibangela ukurhaxwa¶

• I-Barefoot kwi-Wet Concrete Touching Pool Water: Xa umntwana enyuka ephuma equleni okanye ebamba ileli yedama lentsimbi engenasici ngelixa echukumisa umgangatho wekonkilethi emanzi, nawuphi na umahluko wombane phakathi kwe-amanzi edama/ ileli kunye nedekhi yekhonkrithi emanzi iqhuba umsinga ngqo kwizandla ezimanzi nesifuba.
• I-Electric Shock Drwnning (ESD): Ngaphakathi kwamanzi, i-voltage ye-voltage ye-2 volts nje ngenyawo nganye (6.5 volts ngemitha nganye)* ukusuka kwisibane esingalunganga esingaphantsi kwamanzi esiyi-120V sechibi, isifudumezi-manzi esingabotshwanga, okanye ucingo oludlekileyo lukhubaza imisipha yokuzithandela yendadi.tetany). Indadi ayikwazi ukukhaba, ukuqubha, okanye ukucela uncedo ize irhaxwe ithule kwimizuzwana nje; wakuba umzimba utsaliwe emanzini, uvavanyo lwezidumbu olusemgangathweni lubonisa amanqaku okutsha kombane alunaziro kwaye lukuchaza ngendlela engeyiyo ukufa njengendlela yesiqhelo yokurhaxwa ngaphandle kokuba amanzi avavanyiwe nge-voltmeter.

2. Kutheni "UkuGrounding" Kuwodwa AKUKUNQANDA UKUTSHAKELA KWEYALI YEPALI (Indima ye #8 AWG I-Equipotential Bonding Grid)¶

Abanini bezindlu abaninzi kunye nabasebenzi bezandla babhidisa UkuGrounding (ukudibanisa ucingo oluluhlaza ngasemva kwipaneli yebreaker) nge Bonding equipotential (NEC Article 680.26): - Masithi intonga yomhlaba wendlu yakho kunye nepaneli yebreaker zinyuswe nge 8 volts AC ngenxa yombane oqhelekileyo wokungathathi hlangothi ukuya emhlabeni (NEV) esitratweni. - Ukuba impompo yedama lakho lesinyithi kunye namanzi echibi ziqhagamshelwe kuloo mhlaba wendlu eyi-volt ezi-8, ngelixa umgangatho wekonkrithi omanzi ongabotshwanga kunye neekomityi ze-ankile zentsimbi ezihleli kumdaka osemva kwendlu ziku 0 volts umhlaba wenyaniso, nabani na ochukumisa zombini ikhonkrithi emanzi (0V) kunye namanzi echibini / ileli (8V) ufumana umothuko obuhlungu we-8-volt , nangona akukho nto kwiphaneli yakho ye-breaker yaphukileyo. - Indlela i-Equipotential Bonding eyiSombulula ngayo Oku: - Iikhowudi zombane (NEC 680.26 e-US, CEC iCandelo 68 eKhanada, BS 7671 iCandelo 702 e-UK, AS/NZS 3000 e-Australia) ifuna okuqhubekayo ** ucingo oluqinileyo olungenanto lobhedu (minimum #8 AWG kuMntla Merika) ibhowulwe ngokuthe ngqokwinto nganye eqhubayo phakathi kweemitha ezi-1.5 (iinyawo ezi-5) zamanzi edama**: 1. Ulwakhiwo lwegridi yerebar yentsimbi ngaphakathi kweqokobhe ledama lekhonkrithi 2. Idekhi yekhonkrithi yomjikelezo (ngentsimbi yokuqinisa okanye ukungcwatywa #8 AWG umsesane wobhedu ongenanto 45 to 60 cm / 18 to 24 in ukusuka ngaphakathi eludongeni lwedama) 3. Yonke ikomityi ye-ankile yeleli yentsimbi, isiseko se-handrail, kunye nesakhelo sebhodi yokuntywila 4. Indlu ye-niche yentsimbi ephantsi kwamanzi 5. Ilugi yokudibanisa yangaphandle kwipompo yepompo yemoto, ityuwa-chlorinator, kunye nesifudumezi sephuli - Xa zonke ezo nxalenye zibotshelelwe kunye #8 AWG ucingo oluluqilima lobhedu, amanzi, ileli, kunye nekhonkrithi emanzi phantsi kweenyawo zakho ** zonke ziyaphakama kwaye ziwe ngombane ofanayo ngaxeshanye (0.0V difference between your hands and feet)**, isenza ukuba kungabikho ngokwasemzimbeni ukuba isithambiso sombane sikothuse.

Inkqubo yokuxilonga inyathelo ngenyathelo: Ulinganisa njani i-faucet okanye i-pool pool voltage elahlekileyo nge-multimeter¶

Ukuba umntu uxela ukubetha kwishawari okanye echibini, unokuqinisekisa kwaye ulinganise ingozi ngokukhuselekileyo usebenzisa iDigital Multimeter (DMM) ngaphandle kokuzibeka kwindlela yangoku:

1. **Gcina wonke umntu ngaphandle kwe-Shower / Pool kwaye unxibe izihlangu ezomileyo zeRubber-Soled **.
2. Seta iMultimeter yakho kwiiVolts zeAC (V-, 200V okanye Uluhlu oluzenzekelayo):
3. Bamba iziphatho zeplastiki ezigqunyiweyo kuphela; ungaze uchukumise iingcebiso zesinyithi okanye umbhobho omanzi ngeminwe engenanto.
4. Linganisa ngaphaya kwamanqaku amabini kanye kanye ixhoba elichukumisileyo (Touch Potential):
5. kwishawari: Cinezela Iprobe eBomvu ngokuqinileyo ngokuchasene nentsimbi engenanto ibenyezelayo kumphini wevalve yokuxuba ishawa okanye i-spout** (khuhla kuso nasiphi na isingxobo sesepha okanye ipeyinti). Cinezela i-Black probe ngokuqinileyo ngokubhekiselele kwithayile yomgangatho wentsimbi (okanye kwilaphu elisongekileyo lokuhlamba eligotyiweyo elinetyuwa ngetispuni enye yetyuwa yetafile icinezelwe ibe mcaba kumgangatho wethayile emanzi kanye apho zimi khona iinyawo zomntu).
6. KwiPoli yokuqubha: Cinezela iprobe enye** kwileli yentsimbi yentsimbi** (okanye ntywilisela incam yentsimbi emanzini echibini kude nodonga) kwaye ucinezele inkqubo yesibini yokuphonononga kwi isiponji esinetyuwa esimanzi siphumle kumgangatho wepuli yekhonkrithi ngasekunene ngaphandle kweleli, OKANYE kwi-screwdriver* ezimeleyo eyi-8 kumhlaba omanzi** ubuncinane iimitha ezi-3 (iinyawo ezili-10) kude ukusuka kwintonga yomhlaba.
7. Tolika i-AC Voltage Reading:
8. 0.0V to 0.3V AC: Amanqanaba angasemva aqhelekileyo.
9. 0.5V to 2.0V AC: Umda obonakalayo kumachibi kunye nesikhumba esimanzi; ifuna uphando lwe-pool equipotential bonding okanye usetyenziso lwe-NEV.
10. 2.0V to 15V AC: I-Active Stray Voltage / Open Open Neutral / Bonding Failure, evelisa ukothuka okubuhlungu kunye nokuxhuzula kwemisipha kwiishawa ezimanzi kunye namachibi. Vala iisekethe kwaye ufowunele uncedo ngokukhawuleza.
11. 15V to 120V+ AC (or 230V): INgozi yoMbane oBuyayo ngoko nangoko, apho umbhobho ongasebenzanga okanye into elimiyo ixhaswa ngokuthe ngqo sisiphene sentambo ephilayo okanye inkonzo eyaphukileyo engathathi hlangothi.

Iinombolo zengingqi zikaxakeka kunye neeprothokholi ze-arhente¶

Iinkqubo zomhlaba (TN-C-S PME, MEN, TT, kwaye Split-Phase) kunye neeprothokholi zempendulo ye-stray-voltage zohluka kakhulu ngokwelizwe:

• I-United States neKhanada:
• Uhlangulo oluNgxamisekileyo kunye noMlilo: Fowunela 911 ngayo nayiphi na inzakalo yokothuka kombane okanye ukurhanelwa koMbane woMbane.
• I-Utility Stray Voltage / Open Neutral Dispatch: Fowunela usetyenziso lwakho lombane 24/7 Umgca weNgxaki yeNgxakeko likaNgxamiseko kwaye unike ingxelo "Imibhobho yamanzi esebenzayo / ukothuka kwishawari" ngoko ke usetyenziso olunengxaki luvavanya impazamo evulekileyo yokungathathi hlangothi okanye iprimary-to-secondary NEV fault.
• IMigangatho yeKhowudi yoMbane: NFPA 70 (NEC) Inqaku le-250.104(A) lifuna ukudibanisa zonke iinkqubo zangaphakathi zemibhobho yamanzi yesinyithi (including installing bonding jumpers across dielectric water heater unions, water softeners, and PEX repairs), ngelixa ** NEC Inqaku le-680.26 ** ligunyazisa #8 AWG iigridi zethusi eziluqilima ze-equipotential bonding kunye 5 mA Class A GFCI ukhuseleko kuzo zonke izixhobo zamachibi.
• Iunited Kingdom:
• I-Emergency National Power Network Cut / Shock From Taps: Fowunela 105 ngoko nangoko (inombolo yexakeka yeeyure ezingama-24 ze-UK Distribution Network Operator).
• UK PME (TN-C-S) IPEN Eyaphukileyo Emergency: Ukuba uziva ubothukile okanye ukuntyiloza kwimpompo yentsimbi, ishawari, iradiyetha, okanye impompo yasegadi yangaphandle e-UK, yiphathe njengengxaki yobomi yeDNO Eyaphukileyo (iPEN yoKhuseleko neNdawo). Ngaphantsi kwe-BS 7671 (I-IET Wiring Regulations Section 701 for Bathrooms and Regulation 411.3.1.2), iiconductors eziphambili zokhuselo (minimum 10 mm2 green/yellow cable) ukuqhagamshela amanzi esinyithi angenayo kunye nemibhobho yegesi kwiSitena esiPhambili soMhlaba. Ukuba intambo yePEN yesitrato ayiphumelelanga, zonke iintsimbi zentsimbi zinyuka ziye kumbane oyingozi nokuba iyunithi yakho yabathengi IVIWE. Hlala ucacile kuzo zonke iimpompo zetsimbi kunye nemibhobho kwaye ufowunele ** 105 ** ngokukhawuleza.
• Udibano lwaseyurophu:
• Iinombolo zikaNgxamiseko: Fowunela 112.
• Igumbi lokuhlambela eliSupplementary Equipotential Bonding: Ilawulwa ngu IEC 60364-7-701 / HD 60364-7-701 (VDE 0100-701 eJamani, NF C 15-100 eFransi), ifuna 30 mA RCD (FI-Schutzschalter / Disjoncteur différentiel) ukhuseleko kuzo zonke iisekethi zegumbi lokuhlambela kunye ne-equipotential bonding (Potentialausgleich) ukubophelela imibhobho yentsimbi, iibhafu zentsimbi, kunye nentsimbi yolwakhiwo kunye.
• I-Australia neNew Zealand:
• Iinombolo eziNgxamisekileyo: Tsalela umnxeba 000 e-Australia okanye 111 eNew Zealand, kwaye ngoko nangoko ufowunele ilizwe lakho Iimpazamo zeNethiwekhi yoMbane kunye noMnxeba oNgxamisekileyo woNxibelelwano (e.g., Ausgrid 13 13 88, Endeavour Energy 131 003, CitiPower/Powercor, Energex, Vector).
• Inkqubo enyanzelekileyo ethi "Tingle on Tap" Utility Protocol: EOstreliya naseNew Zealand's Inkqubo yeMultiple Earthed Neutral (MEN) (MEN) (AS/NZS 3000), ukuntlontlozela okuvela kwimpompo yeshawari okanye kwibhibhi yombhobho wegadi yangaphandle sisalathiso se#1 sencwadi yesikhokelo eyaphukileyo yenkonzo ephezulu engathathi hlangothi. Abalawuli bokhuseleko lwamandla ombuso waseOstreliya (Energy Safe Victoria, NSW Fair Trading, Master Electricians Australia) bakhupha izilumkiso ezisoloko zisenzeka kuluntu ezilumkisa abahlali kunye nabatywini: **ukuba uva ukuntlithwa kwetephu, UNGAWUchukumisi imitha yamanzi, imibhobho, okanye iingcingo zombane zomhlaba, gcina wonke umntu ephumile kwishawari, kwaye ufowunele umsasazi wenethiwekhi yakho yombane oyi-24/7 ngokukhawuleza.
• Indiya kunye neAsia-Pacific:
• Iinombolo zikaNgxamiseko: Tsalela umnxeba 112 (kunye ne-1912* yeziFakelo zoMbane) eIndiya; ** 119 ** eJapan naseMzantsi Korea; 995 eSingapore.
• Isifudumezi soMbane esiFatal (Isifudumezi saManzi sangoko nangoko/esiGcinayo) IiShocks zeshawa: Kulo lonke elaseIndiya nakuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, omnye woonobangela abaphambili bombane wasekhaya yi 230V yokugcina igumbi lokuhlambela okanye isifudumezi sombane esikhawulezayo ("igiza") esisixhobo sokufudumeza sobhedu esiqhekeka sivuleleke ngaphakathi kwikhaya elingenacingo olusebenzayo lomhlaba (TT earthing pit dried out) okanye indlala 30 mA RCCB / ELCB. Soloko ucime CIMA isitshixo segiza sokuhlukanisa esineepali ezimbini phambi uvule amanzi eshawa ukuba isekethe ayinayo i-30 mA RCCB evavanyiweyo.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa¶

Kutheni le nto ndisafumana ukuntyiloza kwitephu yam yeshawa okanye umbhobho wamanzi nasemva kokuba ndicimile iMain Circuit Breaker yekhaya lam?¶

Ukucima i-Main Circuit Breaker yakho iqhawula kuphela iingcingo ezimbini ezishushu zamandla ezondla eyakho ipaneli yebreaker; AYIKUQHELEKILEYO ibhasi yebhasi engathathi hlangothi yekhaya lakho okanye ucingo lwe-electrode olumisayo oluphuma kwimibhobho yakho yamanzi yobhedu kunye negridi esebenza ngaphandle. Ukuba ucingo oluphakathi kommelwane wakho olusecaleni lugqabhukile lwavuleka (okanye ukuba kukho impazamo kwisiguquli sombane esingathathi hlangothi), umbane ongalungelelaniyo wommelwane wakho uhamba kwindawo ehambisa amanzi esitrato esingaphantsi komhlaba, utyhutyha umbhobho wakho wamanzi wobhedu ukuze ufikelele kwisixhobo sakho esingenangxaki socingo olungathathi hlangothi, kwaye kudala amandla ombane ayingozi kwivalve yakho yeshawa kunye nemibhobho yamanzi naxa yonke indlu ivaliwe. Tsalela umnxeba kwisixhobo sakho sombane esisebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngoko nangoko.

Kutheni le nto ndingangaze ndiqhawule isibambiso socingo olusemhlabeni kumbhobho wam wamanzi ukuba umbhobho uyandothusa?¶

Logama nje ucingo olunzima lokumisa ubhedu luhlala lubophelelekile kumbhobho wakho wamanzi wobhedu, lubonelela ngendlela enganyangekiyo ebambezela umbane wempazamo ukuya kwinqanaba elisezantsi (umzekelo, i-5 ukuya kuma-20 volts). Ngephanyazo kanye ukhulula ukuba ibamba lobhedu kwaye utsale ucingo lomhlaba lobhedu kumbhobho ngezandla zakho, uvula live series sesekethe ethwele 10 ukuba 40 amps yangoku; umsantsa ovulekileyo phakathi kocingo olukwisandla sakho sasekhohlo kunye nombhobho okwisandla sakho sasekunene ngokukhawuleza utsibela kwi-120 volts okanye i-230 volts, uthumela umsinga obulalayo ngokuthe ngqo esifubeni nasentliziyweni yakho.

Ukutshintsha icandelo lombhobho wobhedu ngombhobho weplastiki we-PEX kungenza njani ukuba isiphatho sam seshawari ephezulu sifakwe umbane?¶

Kwindlu endala enemibhobho yobhedu yonke, imibhobho yobhedu eqhubekayo ibekwe kwindawo yokungena yamanzi angaphantsi. Ukuba umninimzi okanye umtywini ulungisa indawo evuzayo kwigumbi elingaphantsi ngokusika isiqwenga sombhobho wobhedu aze adibanise kwiplastiki engaqhubiyo iPEX okanye umbhobho weCPVC ngaphandle kokufaka ucingo olunzima lwe#6 AWG oludibanisa icopper bonding jumping cross section yeplastiki, yonke imibhobho yobhedu ekumgangatho ophezulu iba yodwa ngombane emhlabeni. Ukuba isikhonkwane, isikrufu se-drywall, okanye ucingo oluvuthululweyo ngaphakathi eludongeni luchukumisa umbhobho wobhedu osecaleni okwigumbi eliphezulu, umbhobho uba namandla ngeevolthi ezili-120 ngaphandle kokukhubeka isaphuli sesekethe, ulindele ukothusa umntu wokuqala ochukumise isiphatho seshawa ngelixa emi kumjelo wethayile omanzi.

Kutheni le nto ndisiva nje ukothuka kwinxeba elincinane okanye uzipho lokuxhoma emnweni wam xa ndibamba iqhosha leshawa okanye ileli yepool?¶

Ulusu lwangaphandle olungagungqiyo (i-stratum corneum) lusebenza njengesithinteli sombane, ngelixa iphepha elincinci elisikiweyo, ulusu oluchetyiweyo, i-hangnail, okanye inwebu emanzi ye-mucosa idlula umqobo wolusu olungaphandle kwaye iveze ulwelo oluqhuba kakhulu kunye neziphelo zemithambo-luvo ngqo kumbane. Xa itephu yeshawari okanye i-handrail yedama lokuqubha iphethe amandla ombane asezantsi e-AC alahlekileyo ayi-1.5 ukuya kwi-5 volts, umntu onolusu olungqindilili oluqinileyo usenokungayiqapheli loo nto, ngelixa umntu onesikeko esincinci emnweni esiva ukuhlaba okubukhali, okubuhlungu okanye ukutshisa ngoko nangoko ukusika kuchukumise intsimbi emanzi okanye umgca wamanzi. Ungaze ungayihoyi "i-hangnail sting" kwishawari okanye echibini; ihlala iluphawu lokuqala lwesilumkiso sophuhliso lwesiseko oluphuhlayo okanye ukungaphumeleli kwekhonkco.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kokumisa idama lokuqubha kunye nokudibanisa iqula lokuqubha?¶

Ukugaywa komhlaba kudibanisa izixhobo zombane (ezifana nempompo yempompo yamanzi kunye nesibane sangaphantsi kwamanzi) ukubuyisela kwindawo yombane ngocingo oluluhlaza ukuze isekethe emfutshane ikhubekise isaphuli okanye i-GFCI. I-Equipotential bonding (NEC 680.26) isebenzisa i- #8 AWG enzima yocingo oluluqilima lobhedu ukubopha zonke isinyithi kunye ne-conductive surface ejikeleze idama kunye, kubandakanywa namanzi echibini, iileli zetsimbi, i-handrails, i-concrete deck rebar, kunye ne-chassis yempompo, ngoko zonke zitshixiwe kumbane wombane ofanayo. Nokuba i-voltage elahlekileyo esetyenziswayo iwunyusa umhlaba ngee-volts ezi-5, igridi engaguqukiyo ye-equipotential bonding iphakamisa umgangatho kunye neleli ngeyona volts ezi-5 kanye ngaxeshanye, ngoko ke umntu oqubhayo ochukumisa zombini uva umahluko wombane onguziro (0.0V) kwaye akanakothuka.

Kutheni le nto ukothuka kombane kwidama lokuqubha lamanzi acwengileyo kuyingozi ngakumbi kunakulwandle lwamanzi anetyuwa?¶

Kumanzi acocekileyo aphantsi-conductivity (okanye ichibi lokuhlala elineklorini), amanzi amatsha anokumelana nombane okuphezulu kakhulu kunolwelo olunetyuwa kunye nezicubu ngaphakathi emzimbeni womntu. Xa isiphene sombane sisenza i-voltage gradient emanzini amatsha echibini, umsinga wombane uthatha eyona ndlela incinci yokuxhathisa, ethi iqonde ngqo kumzimba wendadi okwaziyo ukumelana namanzi kunokuba ujikeleze emanzini amatsha, ishwabene izihlunu zendadi kwi-15 ukuya kwi-30 milliamperes kwaye ibangela ukutshona koMbane (ESD).

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• Uncedo oluvulelekileyo olungathathi hlangothi ('olulahlekileyo lungathathi hlangothi') likaxakeka: izibane eziqaqambileyo/ezimfiliba kunye nemibhobho esebenza ngamandla
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kombane kunye noncedo lokuqala lombane
• Iikhemikhali zedama lokuqubha, umbane, kunye nolungiso olungxamisekileyo
• Ukusilela kwesifudumezi samanzi, iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane, kunye nokuvuza
• Uluhlu lweenombolo zexesha likaxakeka

Imithombo kunye nezikhokelo ezisemthethweni¶

• Umbutho woKhuseleko loMlilo weSizwe (i-NFPA): NFPA 70: IKhowudi yeSizwe yoMbane (NEC) Inqaku le-250.104 (i-Bonding of Piping Systems) kunye neSiqendu 680.26 (i-Equipotential Bonding of Swimming Pools).
• IKomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yoMthengi eUnited States (CPSC) kunye noMnqamlezo oBomvu waseMelika: Izikhokelo zoThintelo loMbane wokuThwala koMbane (ESD) kwiiNdawo zokuqubha kunye neeMarina.
• Iziko leeNjineli zoMbane kunye ne-Electronics (IEEE): IEEE Std 1695: Isikhokelo sokuqonda, ukuxilongwa, kunye nokunciphisa i-Stray kunye neVoltage yoQhagamshelwano.
• Iziko lobuNjineli neTekhnoloji (IET) / BSI: BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations 18^th Edition): Icandelo 701 (Amagumbi okuhlambela), iCandelo 702 (Amadama okuqubha), kunye neeNgozi zePEN ezaphukileyo.
• Imigangatho ye-Australia / i-Energy Safe Victoria (ESV): AS/NZS 3000 (iMithetho ye-Wiring): i-Multiple Earthed Neutral (MEN) yoBonding kunye neeNgcebiso kwiiMpompo zaManzi eziNxulumanisayo.