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Iimpawu zeSilumkiso zoMbane okufutshane (iinwele zimile ekupheleni) kunye neGround yangoku

Xa kukho isiphango, okanye ilifu elikude elikude iikhilomitha ezili-10 ukuya kwi-16 (iikhilomitha ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-10) kude phantsi kwesibhakabhaka esibonakala ngathi siluhlaza ("ibhawuthi ephuma eluhlaza"), sakha amandla amakhulu ombane angama- 100 lezigidi ukuya kwi-1 yeebhiliyoni zeevolts phakathi kwelifu kunye noMhlaba ongezantsi, itshaneli yesebe leentambo ezijikelezayo ezibizwa ngokuba yinkokeli ehlayo ehlayo (okanye ehlayo) umhlaba. Kwi-**eyokugqibela emi-2 ukuya kwimizuzwana eyi-10 phambi kokuba inkokeli enyatheleyo iqhagamshelane nomsinga ofikelela phezulu ukuze iqalise i-30,000-ampere istroke yokubuya **, ibala le-electrostatic lendawo kumgangatho ophantsi we-spikes elidlulileyo i-10,000 ukuya kwi-100,000 volts ngemitha, ivelisa iimpawu ezilumkiso ezicacileyo emzimbeni wakho:

  1. Iinwele zime nkqo esiphelweni: Iiion ezichajiwe ngokufanelekileyo ezifakwe kwi-scalp yakho kunye neengalo zigxotha enye kwenye kwaye zitsalwe phezulu ukuya kwinkokeli eyehlayo, ibangela ukuba iinwele entlokweni yakho, intamo, okanye iingalo zangaphambili ziphakamisele ngqo emoyeni.
  2. Ulusu oluRhawulayo, iGoosebumps, kunye neMetallic okanye iOzone Taste: I-electrostatic gradient eyomeleleyo ye-electrostatic gradient ithoba iziphelo zemithambo-luvo engaphezulu kwesikhumba ebusweni nasezandleni ngelixa i-corona ionization isahlula ioksijini yomoya (\(\text{O}_2\)) ibebukhali, njenge-chlorine-njenge **ozone (\(3\) oxide)*{O}
  3. Ukubhuza, Ukucofa, ukuHluma, okanye ukungcangcazela kwesinyithi: Iipali zesinyithi, amazembe omkhenkce, iifreyimu zobhaka, iintonga zokuloba, ucingo, izibambo zebhayisekile, neepali zesikhephe zikhupha okucacileyo ukubhabhazela okuphezulu, ukukrazuka, okanye ukuncwina isandi esinomsindo (efana nebhekoni enomsindo).
  4. ISt. Umlilo ka-Elmo (Blue-Violet Corona Glow): Izinto ezichongiweyo, ezinje ngamatye encopho yeentaba, incam yomkhenkce, iimastheads zeseyile yesikhephe, i-eriyali zikanomathotholo, okanye incam yomhambi onyuliweyo, ziqalisa ukumenyezela ngokungcangcazela, ukutyhafa ** bluish-violet okanye purple plasma* corona discharge*.

Ukuba ufumananomnye kule miqondiso mine, ukubetha kombane kwilifu ukuya emhlabeni kujolise kwindawo okuyo kanye phakathi kwemizuzwana. Into oyenzayo kwi-ilandelayo ** imizuzwana emi-3 **, kunye nokuqonda ukuba kutheni ** I-Ground Current (I-Step Voltage) ** kunye ne ** I-Side Flash ** ibangela ** i-65 ipesenti ukuya kwi-80 yeepesenti yazo zonke ukufa kombane kunye nokulimala ** kunokuba ubethe ngokuthe ngqo, inquma ukuba wena kunye neqela lakho nisinda. Esi sikhokelo esibanzi sibandakanya izenzo zokulahla ngokukhawuleza kwe-3-yesibini, kutheni ukulala phantsi phantsi kuyingozi ngexesha loqhankqalazo olusondeleyo, indlela yokusinda kwi-Ball Lightning, kunye ** Reverse Triage CPR ** kumaxhoba ombane ahambelana noLawulo lweSizwe lwe-Oceanic kunye ne-Atmospheric (NOAA / NWS), i-Wilderness Medical Society (WMSC), i-Ofisi yoLawulo lweZifo (i-WMSC) kunye ne-Ofisi yokuLawula izifo.

Yenza oku ngoku

Ukuba iinwele zakho zime esiphelweni, ulusu lwakho luyantlonta, izixhobo zentsimbi ziqalisa ukuduma/ukucofa, okanye ubone ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (umlilo waseSt. Elmo) ngaphandle:

  1. UNGAMELI Ukuthatha iFoto okanye Uhleke: Une-2 ukuya kwimizuzwana eyi-10* phambi kokuba isibane sombane sibethe kanye kwindawo okuyo. Ukuba kukho isithuthi sentsimbi esiqinileyo esivalwe ngokupheleleyo okanye isakhiwo esikhulu esibiyelweyo ngaphakathi kwe- 2 ukuya kwimizuzwana emi-3 yomgama obalekayo (5 ukuya kwi-10 yeemitha / 15 ukuya kwi-30 iinyawo), ntywila ngaphakathi kuwo ngoko nangoko.
  2. Lahla yonke iMetal kunye neCarbon-Fiber Gear kwaye uHambe i-5 ukuya kwi-10 yeemitha kude kuyo ngeSibini esi-1:
  3. Kwangoko uphose phantsi ** igraphite/carbon-fiber fibre rods, golf clubs, aluminium trekking poles, ice axes, rifles, iiambrela, kunye noobhaka owenziwe ngentsimbi**, kwaye uthathe 3 ukuya ku-5 amanyathelo akhawulezayo kude kuzo (kwaye kude nakweyiphi na imithi ekwanti, i-summit cairn, ucingo olucingo, okanye i-cliff).
  4. Ukuba ubanjelwe kuMvulo ngeZero Shelter ngaphakathi kweSekhondi emi-3, yiLahla kwangoko kwi "Heels-Together Lightning Crouch":
  5. ** Gcoba phantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwiibhola zeenyawo zakho ** (ukunciphisa ubude bakho ukuze intloko yakho ingabi ngumthombo weyona ndawo iphakamileyo ukuya phezulu).
  6. ** Cofa izithende zakho ngokuqinileyo kunye ** ukuze iibhuthi zakho zasekhohlo nasekunene zithinte: ukuba umbane ubetha umhlaba okufutshane kwaye uthumela i-radial ** umhlaba wangoku ** emhlabeni, izithende ezichukumisayo zenza isiphaluka esifutshane ukusuka kwelinye inyawo ukuya kwelinye inyawo ukuze i-current ** AYI ihambe umlenze omnye, kwi-pelvis yakho kunye nentliziyo, kunye nezantsi komnye umlenze **.
  7. **Yenza intloko yakho phantsi phakathi kwamadolo akho kwaye ucinezele izandla zakho ngokuqinileyo phezu kweendlebe zakho ** (ukukhusela iindlebe zakho kwi-*200-decibel explosive acoustic shockwave ** yogwayimbo olusondeleyo) kunye ** vala amehlo akho ** (ukuthintela ukungaboni okukhanyayo).
  8. UNGAZE uchukumise umhlaba ngezandla okanye ngamadolo, kwaye UNGAZE ulale phantsi: Ukungqengqa kusicaba kunqumla umzimba wakho ukunqumla 1.5 ukuya kwi-2 yeemitha (5 ukuya ku-6 iinyawo) wokuthambeka kwamandla ombane emitha, uhambisa umhlaba obulalayo ngokuthe ngqo esifubeni nasengqondweni.
  9. Ukuba ukwiQela, Nweba Ngoko nangoko "kuMthetho wokuSasazwa kweemitha ezingama-30 (iinyawo ezili-100):
  10. Ungaze udibane kunye kwiqela elibambeneyo ngexesha lesiphango sombane. Gcina ** ubuncinci i-6 ukuya kwi-30 yeemitha (ii-20 ukuya kwi-100 iinyawo)** ngaphandle phakathi komntu ngamnye ukuze indawo enye yonyawo lwangoku ayikwazi ukubeka iqela lonke ekubanjweni kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasindi abangonakalanga bahlala bephaphile ukwenza i-CPR.
  11. UNGAZE Ume Phantsi komthi Okwakwanti, Ngokuchasene noDonga lweLiwa leLiwa, okanye Ngaphakathi komqolomba oNgaphantsi:
  12. Ukuma phakathi kwe--1 ukuya kwi-3 yeemitha (iinyawo ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-10)* zesiqu somthi kubangela ukudanyaza kwecala Icala (ibholithi iyatsiba iphuma esiqwini somthi ihamba emoyeni iye kumzimba wakho ongaxhathisi kangako).
  13. Ukuhlala kumqolomba welitye elingenzulwanga okanye iliwa elimanzi apho intloko yakho ingaphakathi 1.5 yeemitha (5 iinyawo) yesilingi okanye umva wakho uchukumise iindlela zodonga lwamatye i-cliff-face arc ngqo entloko kunye nomqolo.
  14. Ukuba Umntu ubethwe nguMbane, Yenza "i-Reverse Triage" kwaye uqalise i-CPR ngoko nangoko (Kukhuselekile nge-100% ukumbamba):
  15. Amaxhoba ombane UNGAthwali nayiphi na intsalela yentlawulo yombane: ungawaphatha ngephanyazo xa umbane uphela.
  16. Ukuba abantu abaninzi babethwe, ** ungahoyi abantu abancwinayo, abakhalayo, okanye abashukumayo , kwaye babaleke ngqo kumntu obonakala ** efile ngokupheleleyo, eqhwalela, ebhulowu, kwaye engaphefumli ("Reverse Triage"): umbane usebenza njengomothuko omkhulu weDC ochitha intliziyo kwaye ukhubaze okwethutyana iziko lokuphefumla lobuchopho. Ngokukhawuleza ** ukuhlangula ukuphefumla, i-CPR, kunye ne-AED ** ivelisa izinga eliphezulu lokusinda kwanoma yimuphi ubanjwa kwentliziyo kwiyeza.

Kutheni 'inyathelo lombane' uMhlaba wangoku ubulala iinkomo kunye nabahambi abaxokayo kwiimitha ezingama-30 kude neNdawo yoStrike

Kutheni umbane nje ubetha emthini ngokufuthi ubulala umhlambi weenkomo ezingama-20 ziphela zimi kwisangqa kumgama weemitha ezingama-20 ngoxa umntu omi ngonyawo olunye esinda? Xa umbane othi 30,000-ampere ubetha umhlaba okanye ingcambu yomthi, umbane awutshoni ngqo ezantsi kumbindi woMhlaba; endaweni yoko, isasazeka ngaphandle ngokuthe tye kwizangqa ezigxininisiweyo ecaleni komhlaba omanzi ongaphezulu (Ground Current ), ilahleko yombane ngemitha nganye yomgama. NgoMthetho ka-Ohm (\(\Delta V = I \ amaxesha R\)), ukuba umbane we-radial wehla emhlabeni ngu 3,000 volts ngemitha nganye, inkomo eneempuphu zangaphambili eziziimitha ezi--2 (iinyawo ezi-6.5) phambi kweempuphu zayo ezingasemva yenza umahluko onokubakho ** 6,000-volt ("Nyathela loo Voltage yangoku, ukunyusa i-Voltage yangoku, isantya sokuqhubela phambili) iphume ngemilenze yangasemva. Ngokunjalo,umntu olele mcaba emhlabeni* okanye ethatha ebanzi imitha eyi-1 ibale lokubaleka udlula umahluko we-3,000-ukuya-6,000-volt kuwo wonke umzimba wabo. Ukugcina i-iinyawo zakho zixinzelelwe ngokuqinileyo kunye* kunciphisa umgama phakathi kweendawo zakho zoqhagamshelwano emhlabeni ukuya kwiisentimitha ezimbalwa, ukuwisa inyathelo lombane emzimbeni wakho ukuya kutsho ku-zero.

Isilumkiso sombane esikufuphi kunye netshati yokusinda esemhlabeni

flowchart TD
    Start["IIMPAWU ZESILUMKISO ESEXESHA ESIFUMANEKAYO<br/>• Iinwele zimi ekupheleni / ukuntyiloza kwesikhumba / ivumba le-ozone<br/>• Iipali zesinyithi, iingcingo, okanye iintonga zokuloba ezibhuza/ukucofa<br/>• Blue-violet St. Elmo's Fire ikhazimle kwizinto ezitsolo"] --> ShelterDist{"Ngaba iMoto yeMetal eValwe ngokupheleleyo okanye iSakhiwo esikhulu<br/>ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3 yokubaleka (iimitha ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-10)?"}

    ShelterDist -->|YES: Within 2 to 3 Seconds| SprintIn["CIYA NGAPHAKATHI KWEMOTO OKANYE UKWAKHA KWANGOKO<br/>Songa iifestile zemoto; gcina izandla kwizakhelo zocango lwentsimbi & nerediyo;<br/>ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo, hlala kude neefowuni ezineentambo, imibhobho yamanzi, & neefestile"]

    ShelterDist -->|NO: Caught in Open Terrain, Ridge, Water, or Field| DropGear["LWESIBINI 1: IZIKHOKHIKHI ZEJETTISON & NEZINTO EZICACILEYO EZILEYO<br/>Ziwisa iipali zokuhamba, amazembe omkhenkce, iintonga zokuloba, iiklabhu zegalufa, & neepakethi zentsimbi;<br/>hambisa i-5-10 yeemitha kude negiya, imithi eyodwa, & nencam yecliff"]

    DropGear --> GroupSpread["ISIBINI 2: UKUSASAZWA KWEQELA (20 ukuya kwi-100 Feet Apart)<br/>Sasaza amalungu eqela ubuncinane kwi-6 ukuya kwi-30 yeemitha (20-100 ft) ngaphandle<br/>ngoko ke ummandla omnye osemhlabeni awukwazi ukukhubaza wonke umsindisi"]

    GroupSpread --> CrouchPose["ESESIBINI 3: QAPHELA 'IZITHENDE ZIHLANGANISE INDLELA YOMbane'<br/>1. Squat phantsi kwiibhola zeenyawo zakho (ukuba une-foam pad/coil yentambo,<br/>yiphose phantsi kweenyawo zakho kuqala)<br/>2. Cofa ZOMBINI IZITHENDE NGOKUQINISEKILEYO KUNYE (uphelisa iNyathelo loMbane)<br/>3. Beka intloko phantsi, vala iindlebe ngezandla, vala amehlo<br/>4. UNGAZE ulale phantsi kwaye ungaze ubambe umhlaba ngezandla"]

    CrouchPose --> PostStrike{"Ngaba umbane ubethe umntu okanye iqela?"}

    PostStrike -->|Yes: Victim(s) Struck| ReverseTriage["YENZA 'I-REVERSE TRIAGE' & IMMEDIATE CPR<br/>1. Ixhoba lithwala i-ZERO residual energy: libambe ngoko nangoko<br/>2. Nyanga ixhoba 'elifileyo' (i-apneic/pulseless) KUQALA ngaphambi kokuba amaxhoba ancwine <br/>3. Qala ukuhlangula ukuphefumla + ukunyanzeliswa kwesifuba + i-AED ngokukhawuleza<br/>(Intliziyo idla ngokuziqala ngokwayo ngelixa ukuphefumla kwengqondo kuhlala kukhubazekile<br/>i-15-30 min: ukuphefumla okuqhubekayo kuthintela ukubanjwa kwe-hypoxic yesibini)"]

    PostStrike -->|No: Warning Signs Subside| EvacDown["Ngoko nangoko yehla ukusuka kummango, kwisamithi, okanye kwibala elivulekileyo<br/>Linda imizuzu engama-30 epheleleyo emva kwendudumo yokugqibela ngaphambi kokuba uqalise umsebenzi"]

IiNdlela ezi-5 zoKwenzakala koMbane (Kutheni ukubetha ngokuthe ngqo kuyi-3% ukuya kwi-5% kuphela yamatyala)

Uninzi lwabantu lucinga ukuba ukubulawa okanye ukwenzakala ngumbane, eyona nto iphambili evela esibhakabhakeni kufuneka ikubethe ngqo phezu kwentloko. Enyanisweni, i-meteorological and medical forensics ibonisa ukuba ** ugwayimbo oluthe ngqo luthatha kuphela ipesenti ezi-3 ukuya kwi-5 ekhulwini labo bonke abantu ababulawa ngumbane **. Enye ipesenti ezingama-95 ukuya kwipesenti ezingama-97 zibangelwa ziindlela ezine ezingathanga ngqo zombane kunye nezoomatshini:

Inkqubo yokulimala koMbane Isabelo Sabo Bonke Amaxhoba UHamba Njani uMbane Imeko yakudala kunye nendlela yokuyithintela
1. Umhlaba wangoku (iNyathelo loMbane / ukuKhuphuka okuNgakho koMhlaba) **50% ukuya kwi-55% yabo bonke abantu ababhubhileyo kunye nokwenzakala ** Umbane ubetha umthi, ipali yeflegi, eluhlaza yegalufa, okanye ilitye elikumgama weemitha ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-30; i-current iphuma ngaphandle ngaphaya kwendawo ephezulu yomhlaba, ingena kwixhoba ** inyawo elisondeleyo **, ihamba ngomlenze nge-pelvis / isisu / i-thorax, kwaye iphuma ** inyawo elikude ** (okanye ukungena entloko kwaye uphume ezinyaweni ukuba ulele phantsi). Abakhenkethi balele tyaba phantsi ententeni ekufuphi nomthi omde, abadlali bebhola ekhatywayo okanye abadlali begalufa beme bebeke imilenze eqelelene ngobubanzi bamagxa, okanye abakhweli bekhempi bedibene kunye. Uthintelo: Izithende zixinaniswe ngokuqinileyo ndawonye kwi-insulating foam pad okanye ipakethe eyomileyo; ungaze ulale tyaba.
2. Umenyezi wecala (Isitshizi esisecaleni) ** 30% ukuya kwi-35% yabo bonke abantu ababhubhileyo kunye nokwenzakala ** Umbane ubetha into ende (efana nomthi, iplanga yekhusi, okanye udonga lwamatye) ngaphakathi 1 ukuya kwi-3 yeemitha (3 ukuya kwi-10 iinyawo) emntwini. Ngenxa yokuba ulwelo lwangaphakathi olunetyuwa emzimbeni womntu lunokunganyangeki kombane ngaphantsi kunexolo lomthi owomileyo okanye ilitye, inxalenye yangoku itsibela ecaleni emoyeni ukusuka esiqwini somthi ukuya entloko okanye egxalabeni lomntu. Ukuma phantsi komthi omnye okanye ihlathi elincinane ukuze uhlale womile emvuleni, okanye ungqiyame kufutshane nepali yentente okanye udonga lwewa. Uthintelo: Hlala ubuncinci buziimitha ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 (iinyawo ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-16) kude ukusuka kwiziqu zemithi nakwiindonga ezithe nkqo zamatye.
3. Umbane woQhagamshelwano (Ukuqhuba) ** i-5% ukuya kwi-8% yabo bonke abantu abafa kunye nokulimala ** Umbane ubetha intsimbi ende okanye iconductor emanzi (ucingo locingo, intsimbi yocingo, ngentambo yeferrata, ipali yesikhitshane/indawo yokuhlala, umbhobho wemibhobho wangaphakathi, okanye intambo yomnxeba/umgca we-ethernet) uhambe ukuya kumakhulu eemitha ecaleni komqhubi ngqo kuye nabani na oyibambayo. Ukubamba intambo yasentabeni, ungqiyama ngocingo oludibanisa ikhonkco, ubambe iqhiya yesikhitshane, okanye ukuhlamba izitya / ukuhlambela ngaphakathi endlini ngexesha loqhwithela. Uthintelo: Makuyekwe zonke iingcingo zentsimbi, iintambo, nemibhobho yamanzi angaphakathi ngexesha lezaqhwithi.
4. Umsinga oPhezulu (iNkokeli engagqitywanga yangoku) **I-5% ukuya kwi-10% yabo bonke abantu ababhubhileyo kunye nokwenzakala ** Njengoko inkokeli enyukileyo isondela ukusuka efini, ichajiwe ngokuqinisekileyo ** phezulu imisinga ** yandulula phezulu ukusuka kwiintloko zezinto ezininzi kunye nabantu ngaphaya kweemitha ezingama-50. Nangona inye kuphela umjelo oqhagamshelekayo ukwenza eyona bholiti ye-30,000-amp, i-imijelo enyukayo engadityaniswanga isathwala i-100 ukuya kumakhulu aliqela ama-ampere akhoyo ngemizimba yabantu inwele zabo bezimi ekupheleni, ngokwaneleyo ukuba kubangele ukubanjwa kwentliziyo kwangoko. Ukuma nkqo kumqolo, kumgangatho wesikhephe, elunxwemeni, okanye kwibala lezemidlalo xa iinwele zimi esiphelweni, nokuba ibhawuthi engundoqo ibetha kumgama oziimitha ezingama-20. Uthintelo: Ziwise ngoko nangoko kwindawo ephantsi yokuphakamisa iinwele okanye iintsimbi zentsimbi.
5. Uqhankqalazo oluthe ngqo kunye neBlunt Barotrauma Blast **I-3% ukuya kwi-5% yabo bonke ukufa kunye nokulimala ** Inkokeli eyehlayo idibanisa ngqo kumsinga onyukayo onyukayo ukusuka entloko yexhoba okanye into ebanjwe (intonga yokuloba, iambrela, iklabhu yegalufa). Inxalenye yangoku ihamba ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo-luvo, ngelixa uninzi lwalo ** ludanyaza phezu kobuso obumanzi besikhumba ("I-Flashover yangaphandle")**, i-vaporizing sweat sweat and blasting clothes and shoes off the body. Ukuthwala intonga yokuloba i-carbon-fiber ephakanyisiweyo kwi-jetty, ubambe iklabhu yegalufa kwi-fairway, okanye uhamba ngaphaya kwe-alpine ridge.

I-Deep Dive 1: Yintoni omawuyenze kwiNdawo eziKhethekileyo ezinoMngcipheko ophezulu xa kubonakala iimpawu zoqhankqalazo

3

Ukuba ubhaqwe phezu komgca womthi kwinduli yentaba xa iipali zokuhamba ziqalisa ukuntyiloza, i-rock pinnacles iduma ngumlilo we-St. Elmo, okanye iinwele ziphakama phantsi kwesigcina-ntloko:

  • Yehla kwi-Ridge Crest nge-15 ukuya kwi-30 yeemitha (50 ukuya kwi-100 Feet) Ngokuthe nkqo: Owona mmandla uphezulu wogxininiso wombane uhlala ngokuthe ngqo ecaleni komqolo obukhali wendalo yomqolo kunye nakwicairn ephezulu. Khawuleza uhle ngokukhawuleza 15 ukuya kwi-30 yeemitha (50 ukuya kwi-100 iinyawo) kwithambeka leflanki ye-leeward ngaphantsi kwekresti.
  • Ziphephe iiGuli zeRock eziManzi ezinganzulwanga, iitshimini, kunye neMigxuma emiNcinci yokujikela:
  • Amanzi emvula agalela kumngxuma othe nkqo wamatye okanye itshimini asebenza njengomjelo wendalo wombane owehla phezu kobuso bentaba.
  • I-"Shallow Cave Death Trap": Ungaze ukhase kwilitye elincinane elijingayo okanye kumqolomba ongekho nzulu apho kukho ngaphantsi kwe 1.5 yeemitha (5 iinyawo) zomoya ococekileyo phezu kwentloko yakho kunye** ne-1.0 yeemitha (3.3 iinyawo) yococeko macala onke**. Xa umbane ubetha iliwa elingasentla, ugqatso lwangoku lwehla kumlebe welitye wangaphandle kwaye utsibela kanye emlonyeni womqolomba ongekho nzulu ngentloko yomhambi kunye nomzimba ukufikelela kumgangatho womqolomba.
  • Faka iinyawo zakho ngentambo yakho yokukhwela okanye iPad yogwebu yeseli: Ukuba unyanzelekile ukuba ubambe izithende-kunye nombane ugobe kwigranite emanzi okanye i-scree, phosa intambo yakho yokukhwela** eyomileyo ejijekileyo yenayiloni, iphedi yokulala ye-EVA evaliweyo, okanye ubhaka ongenanto yentsimbi kunye nobhaka ongaphezulu kwihekethi yakho*
  • Ukuba Ukunyuka nge-Via Ferrata (iNdlela yeCable yeNsimbi): Intsimbi ehamba ngentambo ye-ferrata yintonga yombane enkulu yeekhilomitha ezininzi ebotshelelwe eliweni. Ukuba unokucofa ngokukhuselekileyo kwintambo ebanzi, ethe tyaba yokuhamba umgama kwintambo, susa ubuncinci iimitha ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 (iinyawo ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-16) kude nentambo yentsimbi kwaye ugobe kwipakethi yakho. Ukuba ukwicala elithe nkqo apho ukunqunyulwa kuthetha ukuwa ekufeni, hlala ucinezelwe ngelaphu lakho/ilaphu elifunxa amandla enayiloni (ungaze ubambe intambo yentsimbi ngezandla zakho), cinezela zombini izihlangu zerabha zokukhwela phezu kwelitye ngezithende ezichukumisayo, kwaye ugcine umzimba wakho kunye nesigcina-ntloko sakho kude nobuso belitye.

2. Ngaphakathi kwentente okanye iCampsite emahlathini

  • Intente ibonelela nge-ZERO Lightning Protection: I-Aluminiyam, i-fiberglass, okanye iipali zentente ze-carbon-fiber zisebenza njengezintonga zombane ezincinci, kunye nokulala tyaba ngomqolo wakho ngaphakathi kwentente emiswe ecaleni komthi wepayina omde ekucoceni kuveza ubude bomzimba wakho wonke kwindawo ebulalayo ** Umhlaba okhoyo ** kunye ne-Side Flash*.
  • Ukubekwa phi kunye nendlela yokuma ngaphakathi kwentente ngexesha lesaqhwithi soMbane esinoBundlongondlongo:
  • Ukuba ukhetha indawo yokumisa kaxakeka, khetha indawo yokuma efanayo yemithi emifutshane kwindawo yokudakumba okuphantsi okanye kwintlambo (ehlala ubuncinane 3 ukuya kwi-5 yeemitha [10 ukuya kwi-16 iinyawo] kude kwisiqu somthi okufutshane nangaphandle kwendawo yeengcambu zawo nawuphi na umthi omkhulu wedwa).
  • Ukuba umbane omandla udlula ngqo phezu kwentloko ebusuku ngelixa ungaphakathi ententeni, UNGAlali tyaba kumgangatho wentente: vusa wonke umntu, beka iipads zakho zokulala ezivaliweyo kunye neebhegi zokulala ezomileyo zibe yimfumba eshinyeneyo kumbindi wentente** (ukude kwi-aluminiyam yeepali zentente kunye neepali zentente ezimanzi phezu kweendonga zentente okanye idolo elimanzi phezu kweendonga zentente okanye i-foam phezulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka), utsale ngokuqinileyo esifubeni sakho nasezinyaweni zakho kunye** de umbindi wesiphango udlule.

3. Umbane weBhola: Yintoni kunye nendlela omele uphendule ngayo ukuba iNqanaba eliKhanyayo lingena kwigumbi okanye kwinqwelomoya.

Umbane webhola yinto enqabileyo, ebhalwe ngokwenzululwazi yeplasma esemoyeni (ifotwe yaza yalinganiswa ngeespectrographs ezinesantya esiphezulu) ebonakala ngokukhawuleza emva kokubetha kombane okufutshane nelifu ukuya emhlabeni njenge- *ndanda-simahla, ingqukuva ekhanyayo e-orenji, emthubi, emhlophe, okanye eblue-violet:

  • Iimpawu zomzimba: Uluhlu ukusuka kubukhulu ibhola yegalufa ukuya kwibhola yolwandle (5 ukuya kwi-40 yeesentimitha / 2 ukuya kwi-intshi ezi-16 ububanzi), ihamba ngokuthe tye ku--1 ukuya kwi-3 yeemitha ngomzuzwana* kwinqanaba lamehlo (ihlala idada ecaleni kweentambo zombane, ezantsi kwiipaseji zenqwelomoya, okanye ingena kwiipaseji zenqwelomoya, okanye ingena kwiiglasi zefestile, okanye ingena kwiiglasi zefestile iqhekeza kancinci, ivumba elibi le ozone (\(\text{O}_3\)) kunye nokutshisa isulfure/nitrogen oxides, kwaye ihlala 2 ukuya kwimizuzwana eyi-15 phambi kokuba inyamalale buthule okanye iphele kuqhushumbo olunobundlobongela, oluvala iindlebe olunokwaphula iglasi kwaye lubangele ukutsha kombane.
  • Umthetho oNcedayo ngoko nangoko woMbane weBhola:
  • Yima ngokupheleleyo okanye ubuye umva ngokucothayo: UNGAZE uswayithe, uphathe, okanye ujule nantoni na kwibhola ekhanyiswa yibhola.
  • Ungachukumisi naziphi na izixhobo zentsimbi, iiradiyetha, iifreyimu zefestile, okanye iintambo zombane ezisegumbini ngelixa ingqukuva ikhona.
  • Khusela amehlo akho kunye neendlebe kwaye ujonge ngokukhawuleza imililo emincinci eqhumayo kwiikhethini, iphepha lodonga, okanye iindawo zombane emva kokuba indawo ichithakele okanye iqhushumba.

I-Deep Dive 2: Uncedo lokuqala lwamaxhoba oMbane ("Reverse Triage" kunye nokuphefumla okuHlangula ixesha elide)

Ukhathalelo lwezonyango emva koqhankqalazo lombane lwahluka ngokusisiseko kuzo zombini iindlela zokwenzakala okuqhelekileyo kunye nombane wombane ophezulu wombane weshishini:

1. Kutheni amaxhoba oMbane anelona nqanaba liPhezulu leMpumelelo yokuVuselelwa (ukuba uthatha imizuzwana engama-60)

Xa umbane othi 30,000-to-200,000-ampere udlula emzimbeni womntu, ixesha lokuqukuqela langoku lifutshane ngokungaqhelekanga, kuphela yi-milliseconds eyi-1 ukuya kwi-100 (iwaka ukuya kwisinye kwishumi lesibini):

  1. Inkqubo "yokubanjwa kabini" (i-Cardiac Asystole vs. Medullary Respiratory Paralysis):
  2. Loo nyanga ye-millisecond ye-DC ikhupha ngexesha elifanayo i-depolarizes yonke iseli ye-myocardial entliziyweni, iphosa intliziyo kwi- ** i-asystole ngokukhawuleza (i-flatline standstill) ** okanye ** i-fibrillation ye-ventricular **, ngelixa i-millisecond echanekileyo ** ikhubaza isikhungo sokuphefumula kwi-medullary kwi-brainstem ye-medulla * ukuphefumla ngokupheleleyo * ixhoba * liyeke ngokupheleleyo ixhoba * * .
  3. I-Crucial Physiological Twist: Ngenxa yokuba intliziyo ine-intrinsic pacemaker (automaticity kwiindawo ze-sinoatrial kunye ne-atrioventricular nodes), intliziyo encinci esempilweni ibethwe ngumbane ihlala iphinda izibethe ngokwayo kwisingqi se-sinus esiqhelekileyo phakathi kwemizuzwana engama-30 ukuya kwengama-90.
  4. Kutheni ixhoba lisasifa ngaphandle kwakho: Nangona intliziyo yexhoba iphinda izibethe ngokwayo,* iziko labo lokuphefumla lobuchopho lihlala libambe ongezantsi kwaye likhubazekile kangangemizuzu eyi-10 ukuya kwengama-30**. Ngenxa yokuba ixhoba alikwazi ukuphefumla, ioksijini yegazi iyehla iye kwi-zero kwimizuzu emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5 elandelayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba intliziyo esanda kuqaliswa ukuba ihlupheke i- secondary fatal hypoxic cardiac arrest.
  5. Indlela "i-Reverse Triage" kunye nokuHlangula ngokuKhawulezayo kubusindisa njani ubomi:
  6. Kwintlekele eqhelekileyo yamaxhoba amaninzi (njengengozi yebhasi), abezonyango batsiba abantu abangenalo ukubetha kwentliziyo okanye ukuphefumla kwaye banyange abaphilayo. Ngokubetha kombane, wenza okwahlukileyo ("Reverse Triage"):
    • Nabani na okhalayo, okhalazayo, okanye obethayo emva kokubethwa ngumbane sele ephefumla kwaye unentliziyo ebetha: ngokuqinisekileyo baya kusinda kwimizuzu eyi-15 elandelayo ngaphandle kokungenelela kwangoko.
    • Baleka uye ngqo kwixhoba elikhangeleka **lifile ngokupheleleyo, liluthuthu/elizuba, liqhwalela, kwaye aliphefumli.
    • Khangela i-carotid pulse engekho ngaphezu kwe-5 ukuya kwi-10 imizuzwana: ukuba akukho ** akukho pulse **, qalisa ** i-CPR epheleleyo (i-30 ye-chest compressions kwi-2 yokuphefumla ukuhlangula) ** kwaye usebenzise i-AED ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ixhoba **LINE-pulse kodwa AKUphefumli **, nikeza i-Rescue Breathing eqhubekayo (ukuphefumula oku-1 rhoqo kwi-5 ukuya kwi-6 imizuzwana / i-10 ukuya kwi-12 yokuphefumula ngomzuzu kumntu omdala) de ingqondo yabo ivuke kwaye baqale ukuphefumla ngokwabo.

2. Iimpawu eziZodwa zeKlinikhi zoLwatho loMbane (YINTONI ENGINGAFUMANI phosakeleyo)

Xa uvavanya umntu osindileyo ebaleni okanye kwi-ambulensi, izinto ezintathu ezifunyenweyo ngokwasemzimbeni zinokuqhatha abahlanguli ukuba bacinge ukuba isigulana sonzakele ngokubulalayo ebuchotsheni okanye sibhubhile ingqondo xa benokufumaneka ngokupheleleyo:

  1. Abafundi abaZinzileyo nabaDityanisiweyo (i-Autonomic Keraunoparalysis ye-Iris):
  2. Umbane uhlala ubangela i-autonomic nerve yethutyana eyothusayo ye-ciliary ganglion kunye ne-iris sphincter muscle, ishiya ** umfundi omnye okanye bobabini belungisiwe kwaye bavuleke (dilated)**. Ungaze ucinge ukuba ngabafundi abasisigxina kunye nabanwetshiweyo emva kokubetha kombane kuthetha ukufa kwengqondo okanye ukuvuthwa kwengqondo okungenakuguqulelwa: qhubeka nokuphefumla ngokupheleleyo.
  3. I-Keraunoparalysis (i-Blowu yeXeshana, ebandayo, engenampulse, imilenze ekhubazekileyo):
  4. Ukuya kuthi ga ku- ** 70 ipesenti yabasindileyo kuqhankqalazo lombane ** amava ** i-keraunoparalysis **: ukukhubazeka okwethutyana, okothusayo kweendawo ezisezantsi (okanye iingalo) ezihamba nokuqina ** i-catecholamine-driven arterial vasospasm ** eguqula imilenze yomibini ** i-ice-cold, mottled blue-white, numb, kunye ne-pulseless * okwesikhashana.
  5. Nangona ukunyanzeliswa komgogodla kufuneka kugcinwe ukuba ixhoba liphonswe phantsi, i-keraunoparalysis ngokuqhelekileyo ** izisombululo ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphezu kwe-1 kwiiyure ze-12 ** njengoko i-vascular spasm iyaphela.
  6. Imizobo yeLichtenberg (Iipateni zeFerning) kunye neeRuptured Eardrums:
  7. ** I-Lichtenberg Figures : I-Feather-like, i-branching ebomvu-brown ** iipateni ze-fern ** ezivela esikhumbeni ngaphakathi kweyure ye-1 yogwayimbo (kwaye iyancipha ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwii-36). Aziyoayikutsha kwe-thermal**; zibangelwa yi-electron-shower extravasation yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziphuma kwi-superficial dermal capillaries kwaye 100 pesenti ye-pathognomonic (diagnostic) yokubetha kombane.
  8. Ukuqhekeka kweMembrane yeTympanic (50% ukuya kwi-80% yamaxhoba): I-cylindrical shockwave of superheated air (\(30,000 ^\circ\text{C}\), ngokuphindwe kahlanu kunobushushu belanga) isoloko ivuthela i-eardrum enye okanye zombini, ibangela ukopha kumjelo wendlebe, ukuvaleka kwendlebe, ukuvaleka kwendlebe, ukuvaleka kwendlebe, okanye ukuvaleka kwendlebe. ukwaphuka kukakayi).
  9. Intsiba / Ukubila okuPhumayo kunye neebhanti ezinyibilikisiweyo: Kuba uninzi lwangoku lombane uhamba ngaphandle komzimba (**i-flashover yangaphandle **), iguqula ukubila kwesikhumba ibe ngumphunga, iziphuphu ezikrazulayo, iibhutsi ezivuthelayo kunye neekawusi ezinyaweni, kwaye ibangele ukutshisa kolusu olungaphezulu okanye ukugqabhuka, ngelixa upheka izihlunu ezinzulu ngokumangalisayo, njengoko zishiya izihlunu ezinzulu ngokumangalisayo. imisipha enzulu kwaye ibangele i-rhabdomyolysis enkulu).

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa

Ndandinyuka umzila wentaba kunye nosapho lwam xa iinwele ezinde zentombi yam zadada ngokukhawuleza emoyeni ngokungathi zibamba ijenereyitha yeVan de Graaff kwimyuziyam yesayensi. Wonke umntu wahleka wakhupha iminxeba yakhe efota. Sasisondele kangakanani ekufeni?

Usapho lwakho beluphakathi kwemizuzwana emi-2 ukuya kweli-10 yoqhanqalazo oluthe ngqo okanye olusondele ngqo kwilifu ukuya emhlabeni. Xa iinwele zime nkqo esiphelweni ngaphandle, oko kuthetha ukuba inkokeli enyathelweyo sele isihla ukusuka phezulu kwilifu kwaye umsinga oya phezulu unyuka usuka entlokweni yentombi yakho ukudibana nayo. Amakhulu-khulu abakhenkethi baye babethwa ngelixa bejonge ifoto yeenwele zabo bemile. Ukuba ubona iinwele ziphakanyiswa, ukuntlithwa kwesikhumba, okanye ukuva iipali zentsimbi zincwina, ungaze ume umzuzwana omnye ukuze uthabathe ifoto: ziwise ngoko nangoko zonke iipali zentsimbi/ikhabhoni kunye neepakethe, zisasazeke ubuncinane ngeemitha ezi-6 ukuya kwezingama-30 (iinyawo ezingama-20 ukuya kwezili-100) ukusuka kwindawo ephakamileyo, kwaye ugqume kwizithende-kunye nombane ogquma iindlebe ngezandla zakho.

Kutheni le nto iingcali zokhuseleko lombane zanamhlanje zisithi kufuneka uzame ukuqhubeka ubaleka usiya ngasemotweni okanye kwisakhiwo ukuba kunokwenzeka, kwaye KUPHELA usebenzise “indawo yokulala yombane” njengecebo lokugqibela kwimizuzwana yokugqibela?

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iincwadi ezindala ezibhalwe ngaphandle zazifundisa abantu ukuba bawele kwindawo ekugquma kuyo umbane kanye ngelo xesha kwaqalisa isiphango baze bahlale kwindawo evulekileyo kangangemizuzu engama-45. I-NOAA yanamhlanje kunye nezikhokelo ze-Wilderness Medical Society zigxininisa ukuba ukugquma kwindawo evulekileyo kangangesiqingatha seyure AKUKUKHUSELEKILEYO kumbane: kuphela isithuthi esivalwe ngokupheleleyo ngentsimbi okanye isakhiwo esikhulu esineengcingo kunye nemibhobho yamanzi (esebenza njengekheji yaseFaraday) inika ukhuseleko lokwenene. Ke ngoko, ngelixa kusondela isaqhwithi, kufuneka uqhubeke uhamba ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwisakhiwo esikhuselekileyo, imoto, okanye umphakamo ophantsi ongaphantsi komgca womthi. Izithende ezihlangeneyo zombane ezizithende zikhuseleke ngokungqongqo kwi-10 ukuya kwi-60 imizuzwana xa iimpawu zesilumkiso soqhankqalazo olusondeleyo (iinwele zimi ekupheleni, isinyithi esiqhumayo, umlilo we-St Elmo, okanye i-sub-second flash-to-bang ukuduma ngokuthe ngqo phezulu) bonisa ukuba i-bolt iza kubetha ngoku kwaye akukho khuselo-ikhoni ngaphakathi kwe-3 print.

Ngaba liyinyaniso elokuba iibhutsi zokukhwela irabha okanye amatayara emoto erabha akukhusela kumbane?

Hayi: iipali zerabha kunye namatayara emoto yerabha zinika iqanda lokugquma kumbhobho wombane osele ujikeleze umgama oziikhilomitha ezi-3 (iikhilomitha ezi-2) zokukhusela umoya ozizigidi ezingama-300 zevolthi. I-2-centimeter ye-rubber boot sole ihlatywa ngaphandle kwamandla ngumbane wangoku. Isizathu sokuba ukhuseleke ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi kwemoto yentsimbi eqinileyo (eneefestile ezisongwe phezulu kwaye izandla zakho zisuka kwisakhelo sentsimbi) ayinanto yakwenza namatayara erabha: sisiphumo se-Faraday cage (impembelelo yolusu) yophahla lwentsimbi evaliweyo kunye nomzimba wemoto, ohambisa umbane wonke ujikeleze iqokobhe lentsimbi yangaphandle yesithuthi kwaye utsibe i-arc ukusuka kwiirimu zevili ngaphandle kokuchukumisa ngqo kwipavumente. Izinto eziguquguqukayo, izikhephe ze-fiberglass-top, iinqwelo zegalufa, kunye nezithuthuthu azinayo i-metal Faraday cage kwaye zibonelela ngokhuseleko lombane.

*Esi sikhokelo senzelwe iinjongo zolwazi kwaye asithathi indawo yovavanyo lobuchwephesha bonyango okanye uqeqesho lwamayeza asentlango. Ngenxa yokuba ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza ukuhlangula kunye ne-CPR yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekusindeni ekubanjweni kwentliziyo, sincoma kakhulu ukuba uthathe ikhosi eqinisekisiweyo ye-CPR, i-AED, kunye ne-Wilderness First Aid ngokusebenzisa i-International Federation ye-Red Cross kunye ne-Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), uluntu lwakho lwesizwe lwe-Red Cross, i-St John Ambulance, okanye i-Wilderness Medical Society.

Imithombo ijongiwe

  • Ulawulo lweSizwe lwe-Oceanic kunye ne-Atmospheric (NOAA) kunye neNkonzo yeMozulu yeSizwe (NWS, eUnited States): *Ukhuseleko loMbane: iNzululwazi yeeNkokeli eziNyathelweyo, iMisa ePhezulu, iGround Current, iSide Flash, kunye neZilumkiso zoLwayikiso olusondeleyo *.
  • I-Wilderness Medical Society (WMS): *Izikhokelo zoNyango lweNgcaciso yeNgcaciso yeNgcaciso yoThintelo kunye nokunyangwa koMbane (i-Reverse Triage, i-Keraunoparalysis, kunye nokuNcitshiswa koMngcipheko we-Backcountry) *.
  • Amaziko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo (CDC, eUnited States): * Ukunyamekelwa kwexhoba loLwaphulo loMbane, ukuBuyiswa koBucala, kunye neziKhokelo zoKhuseleko loMbane wangaphandle *.
  • Cooper, M. A., & Holle, R. L. (* I-Springer Atmospheric Sciences *): * Ukunciphisa Ukulimala koMbane Ehlabathini lonke: Iindlela Zokulimala (Inyathelo le-Voltage, i-Flashover, kunye ne-Neuro-Cardiovascular Effects) *.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo