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Ukuxuba ngengozi iblitshi kunye neammonia, iviniga, okanye isicoci sedrain

Amanani kaxakeka ayohluka ngokwamazwe. Eli phepha lisebenzisa u-911, inani laseMelika naseKhanada. Amanye amazwe amaninzi asebenzisa i-112, 999, okanye elinye inani. Fumana inombolo yelizwe lakho.

Nyaka ngamnye, amaziko okulawula ityhefu namasebe kaxakeka anyanga amashumi amawaka abantu abathi ngempazamo babangele imichiza eyingozi ngaphakathi kwisinki yasekhitshini, kwibhakethi ye-mop, kwindawo yokuhlambela, okanye kwisitya sendlu yangasese ngelixa bezama ukwenza amakhaya abo acoceke ngakumbi. Ulwelo lwasekhaya oluqhelekileyo lwe-chlorine bleach sisisombululo esinamanzi se-sodium hypochlorite (\(NaOCl\), ngokuqhelekileyo i-5.25% ukuya kwi-8.25% yoxinaniso) izinzile kwi-sodium hydroxide lye ukuze igcine i-pH yayo kakhulu ye-alkaline (malunga ne-pH 11 ukuya kwi-13). Ngethuba nje i-sodium hypochlorite ihlala kwi-alkaline ephezulu ye-alkaline ehlanjululwe kuphela kumanzi alula apholileyo okanye afudumeleyo, i-chlorine ihlala inyibilika ngokukhuselekileyo kulwelo.

Ngephanyazo udibanisa ibleach yechlorine yasekhaya kunyenayiphi na iasidi (efana neviniga emhlophe, ijusi yelamuni, isihluzi sekalika, okanye isicoci sesitya sendlu yangasese eneasidi) okanye ne-ammonia* (efumaneka kwizicoci zefestile, izicoci zomgangatho omninzi, izixhobo zokucoca i-oveni, okanye umchamo omdala okanye wesilwanyana sasekhaya). Ukuxuba iblitshi kunye neasidi ikhupha umbala oluhlaza-tyheli igesi yeklorini yemolekyuli (\(Cl_2\)), eyona gesi yerhasi yamadyungudyungu emiphungeni eyasetyenziswa kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala yemfazwe. Ukuxuba iblitshi neammonia kuvelisa ukukrwitsha umphunga wechloramine (\(NH_2Cl\) kunye ne-\(NHCl_2\)). Ukudibanisa iblitshi kunye nokuhlikihla kotywala kudala ubutyhefu iklorofomu kunye ne-hydrochloric acid, kwaye ukugalela izivula ezibini ezahlukeneyo zokuvula amanzi kwisinki enye kunokubangela ugqabhuko-dubulo olubilisayo. Ukwazi ukukhupha igumbi ngaphandle kokuphefumla okwesibini, indlela yokukhupha iigesi zekhemikhali emehlweni akho kunye neendlela zomoya, kwaye kutheni ungaze uzame "ukunciphisa" isitya sendlu yangasese okanye ibhakethi ye-mop ngesoda yokubhaka ikhusela imiphunga yakho kukwenzakala okusisigxina.

Phumela kumoya omtsha ngoko nangoko: UNGAhlali egumbini ukuze ulahle okanye uhlambulule ibhakethi

Ukuba uva ivumba lokuqubha okanye i-ammonia ebukhali, jonga amaqamza okanye inkungu etyheli-luhlaza okanye emhlophe iphuma kwindlu yangasese, isinki, okanye ibhakethi yokugquma, okanye uqalise ukukhohlela nokukrazula, bamba umoya wakho kwaye uphume egumbini uye kumoya omtsha wangaphandle kwangoko. Ungaze ubambe intloko yakho phezu kwesitya sendlu yangasese egubhayo ukuze uyigungxule ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ungaze uphathe ibhakethi eqhumayo endlini, kwaye ungaze uhlale ngaphakathi kwigumbi lokuhlambela elingenafestile uzama ukugalela isoda yokubhaka okanye amanzi ekuphenduleni. Ukuphefumla okubili okanye okuthathu kwegesi egxininisiweyo yechlorine okanye igesi yechloramine ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokuhlambela elincinci, elingenamoya okanye ekhitshini linokubangela i-laryngospasm ebukhali, i-bronchospasm enzima, kunye nokulibaziseka kokuqokelelana kwamanzi emiphungeni (** non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema **).

Yenza oku ngoku

  1. Bamba umoya wakho, phuma kwigumbi ngoko nangoko, kwaye uvale ucango emva kwakho. Zikhuphe, bantwana, abantu abadala, kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya ekhitshini, kwigumbi lokuhlambela okanye kwigumbi lokuhlambela impahla kwaye uphumele ngaphandle ungene emoyeni omtsha ngoko nangoko. Vala ucango lwegumbi elichaphazelekayo njengoko uphuma ukuze igesi enetyhefu ihlale ivaleleke kwelo gumbi linye kunokuba ukhukuliseke kwiipaseji ukuya kumagumbi okulala.
  2. Fowunela inombolo yakho yexesha likaxakeka ngoko nangoko ukuba nabani na unengxaki yokuphefumla, ukutswina, ukutswina kwesifuba, okanye ukukhohlela okungapheliyo. Cofa u-911 eUnited States naseKhanada, 112 ngapha kweEuropean Union, 999 eUnited Kingdom (okanye ubone zonke amanani kaxakeka) ukuba nawuphi na umntu otyhilekileyo uba nokuphefumula okufutshane, ukuphefumla okuvakalayo okanye i-stridor evakala kakhulu, ukudumba komqala, intlungu yesifuba, isiyezi, ukubhideka, okanye ukukhohlela okungayekiyo. Ukuvezwa okuthambileyo apho wonke umntu sele engaphandle emoyeni ngaphandle kokuphefumla uxinzelelo, fowunela umnxeba wakho wesizwe wolawulo lwetyhefu (1-800-222-1222 eUnited States, 1-844-764-7669 eCanada, okanye 111 e-United Kingdom) ukukhangela unyango kwangoko.
  3. Khulula impahla etshiziweyo kwaye ugungxule amehlo atshisayo okanye ulusu phantsi kwamanzi abalekayo apholileyo kangangemizuzu eyi-15. Xa ukwigumbi lokuhlambela elicocekileyo, elingangcolisekanga okanye ngaphandle ngombhobho wegadi, susa naziphi na iimpahla ezifafazwe lulwelo okanye ezifakwe kumsi onzima. Ukuba amehlo ayahlaba, ayankcenkceshela, okanye aluzizi, susa iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ngoko nangoko kwaye ubambe iinkophe zivuleke phantsi komsinga othambileyo wamanzi epompo apholileyo okanye ityuwa engenazintsholongwane kangangemizuzu eyi-15** (bona Isikhokelo sokulimala kwamehlo). Hlamba ulusu oluchaphaziweyo kakuhle ngamanzi apholileyo kunye nesepha ephakathi.
  4. Gcina nabani na ophefumle umsi ehleli nkqo kwaye ephumle ngokupheleleyo. Ungaze uvumele umntu ophefumla ichlorine okanye igesi yechloramine ahambe ngokukhawuleza okanye azibhokoxe. Ukuzibhokoxa ngokwasemzimbeni konyusa imfuno yeoksijini kwaye kukhawulezisa ukuvuza kolwelo kuwo wonke amacapillari emiphunga eyonakeleyo. Hlalisa umntu ngokuthe tye kwi-angle ye-45-to-90-degree emoyeni omtsha kwaye ukhulule iikhola eziqinileyo okanye amabhanti. (Ukuba umntu une- **albuterol / salbutamol yokuhlangula inhaler ** emiselweyo ye-asthma okanye i-airways esebenzayo, amaziko okulawula ityhefu ahlala ecebisa ukuba athathe i-2 puffs ukukhulula i-acute bronchial spasm ngelixa ulindele uvavanyo lwezonyango.)
  5. Ungaze ugalele ikhemikhali yesithathu (efana nesoda yokubhaka, iviniga, okanye iblitshi) kumxube ukuze “ungabi mbi”. Intsomi eqhelekileyo neyingozi izama ukuthomalalisa ukusabela kwe-asidi-bleach ngokugalela isoda yokubhaka (sodium bicarbonate) okanye iammonia kwisinki, nto leyo ebangela ubushushu obugwebu ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-splatters ebusweni bakho ulwelo oludlayo. Shiya umxube ngokupheleleyo ngelixa igumbi likhupha umoya.
  6. Ventilate the house from a safe path only after putting fresh air between yourself and the room. If the affected room has an exterior window or bathroom exhaust fan switch right by the door that you can flip or open in 3 seconds while holding your breath (or by opening windows in adjacent rooms and placing a box fan blowing outward), turn on the exhaust fan and open windows to vent fumes for at least 30 to 60 minutes before anyone iphinda ingene ukugungxula idreyini ngemithamo emikhulu yamanzi alula abandayo.

itshati yodidi olungxamisekileyo yokuxuba imichiza yasekhaya

Sebenzisa lo mthi wesigqibo seklinikhi kunye ne-hazmat ukulawula ukusabela kokucoca ikhaya ngengozi ngokukhuselekileyo.

flowchart TD
    Start["Umxube wesicoci ngengozi:<br/>Bleach + Ammonia, iviniga, isicoci sezindlu zangasese, utywala, okanye isivuli sokukhupha amanzi."] --> EvacStep["1. Bamba umoya kwaye ukhuphe wonke umntu + izilwanyana zasekhaya uye kumoya omtsha wangaphandle<br/>2. Vala umnyango kwigumbi elichaphazelekayo emva kwakho"]

    EvacStep --> SymptomCheck{"Ngaba ukho umntu oneempawu zokuphefumla okanye ezimandundu?<br/>Ukutswina, ukuphefumla nzima, intlungu yesifuba,<br/>ukudumba komqala, isiyezi, okanye ukukhohlela okungayekiyo?"}

    SymptomCheck -->|"Ewe, nakuphi na ukuphefumla okanye ukuchaphaza kwamehlo"| Call911["Shayela iiNkonzo eziNgxamisekileyo Ngoko nangoko (911 / 112 / 999)<br/>Gcina isigulane sihleli sithe tye ekuphumleni emoyeni omtsha<br/>Sebenzisa i-bronchodilator yokuhlangula emiselweyo (albuterol) ukuba uyancwina"]
    SymptomCheck -->|"Hayi, ukhohlokhohlo/ivumba elipholileyo kuphela<br/>eliyeka emoyeni omtsha"| CallPoison["Shayela i-Poison Control (1-800-222-1222 e-US / 111 UK)<br/>Susa iimpahla ezitshiziweyo kwaye uhlambulule amehlo / ulusu lwemizuzu eyi-15"]

    Call911 --> DeconStep["Gubha amehlo atshiziweyo okanye ulusu ngamanzi apholileyo imizuzu eyi-15<br/>Jonga ukulibaziseka kwePulmonary Edema kangangeeyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezingama-24"]
    CallPoison --> VentCheck{"Ngaba ukuchitheka kuncinci (indlu yangasese/isinki/ibhakethi)<br/>kwaye ngaba igumbi lingangena umoya?"}

    VentCheck -->|"Hayi: Ilifu elinzima elityheli-luhlaza,<br/>ugqabhuko-dubulo lombhobho ophuphumayo, okanye isithuba esingavezwanga"| FireHazmat["UNGAPHINDE ungene:<br/>Fowunela umgca weHazmat weSebe loMlilo ukuze uvule umoya nge-SCBA"]
    VentCheck -->|"Ewe: Indlu yangasese encinci okanye i-sink reaction"| SafeVent["Vula iingcango zangaphandle / iifestile kwaye ubaleke iifeni zokukhupha imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kuma-60<br/>Xa ivumba liphelile, bamba umoya, ugungxule kwindlu yangasese okanye ubaleke impompo ebandayo kangangemizuzu emi-5"]

Ikhemikhali yempendulo yokucoca indlu: yeyiphi igesi oyenzileyo?

Xa ufowunela uLawulo lwePoison okanye uthetha nabe-paramedics, ukufunda amagama emveliso ngqo okanye izithako ezisebenzayo kwiilebhile uxelela oogqirha ukuba yeyiphi igesi enetyhefu okanye ukusabela kobushushu.

Yintoni eyayixutywe neChlorine Bleach ($ NaOCl $) Iimveliso zekhaya eziqhelekileyo ezibandakanyekayo Irhasi enetyhefu okanye ikhemikhali eveliswayo Indlela ewonakalisa ngayo umzimba womntu
Bleach + Ammonia (\(NH_3\)) Izitshizi zeglasi kunye nefestile (i-Windex ene-Ammonia-D), izicoci ze-multi-surface, izicoci ze-oven, ii-wax strippers ezisemgangathweni, okanye umchamo odala womntu/wekati kwindlu yangasese, ipail yediaper, okanye ibhokisi yenkunkuma. I-Monochloramine (\(NH_2Cl\)), I-Dichloramine (\(NHCl_2\)), kunye neziqhushumbisi Nitrogen Trichloride (\(NCl_3\)) umphunga (kunye ne-hydrazine enokubakho kwimixube ejikisiweyo eshushu). Iphendula ngamanzi kwiliso elifumileyo, emqaleni, nakwimiphunga ukukhupha i-ammonia kunye ne-hypochlorous acid/radicals yasimahla, ibangela ukukrazuka okumandla, ukutshisa komqala, ukukhohlela, imichiza yebronchitis, kunye nolwelo olulibazisekileyo emiphungeni.
Bleach + Nayiphi na iAcid (\(H^+\)) ** Iviniga edibeneyo emhlophe ** (i-acetic acid), i-lemon / i-lime juice (i-citric acid), ** i-acidic toilet bowl cleaners ** (i-hydrochloric / muriatic acid, i-oxalic acid, i-sulfamic acid), i-rust / calcium / lime removers (CLR, Lime-A-Way), okanye i-phosphoric acid tub cleaners. Igesi yeChlorine yeMolekyuli (\(Cl_2\)) (irhasi etyheli-luhlaza, enzima nevumba lebleach/ipepile yephayinapile). Inyibilika kwi-mucus emanzi yamehlo akho, i-windpipe, kunye ne-alveoli ukwenza i-hydrochloric acid ($HCl \()** kunye ne-**hypochlorous acid (\)HOCl $)* kanye ngaphakathi kwimiphunga yakho, ebangela ukutshisa ngokukhawuleza kweekhemikhali, i-spasm yomoya, kunye ne-pulmonary edema.
Bleach + Rubbing Alcohol or Acetone I-Isopropyl alcohol (i-70% ukuya kwi-99% yokuxutywa kotywala), izicoci zezandla ze-ethanol, utywala obuyi-denatured, okanye isisusi se-nail polish (i-acetone). I-Chloroform (\(CHCl_3\)), I-Hydrochloric Acid (\(HCl\)), kunye ne Chloroacetone (i-lachrymator yerhasi eqatha). I-Chloroform yinkqubo ye-nervous central depressant kunye ne-anesthetic ebangela isiyezi, isicaphucaphu, ukuphelelwa amandla, i-cardiac arrhythmias, kunye nomonakalo onobungozi besibindi kunye nezintso; i-chloroacetone kunye ne-$ HCl $ itshisa amehlo kunye nemiphunga.
Bleach + Hydrogen Peroxide (\(H_2O_2\)) okanye iBleach yeOxygen I-3% yoncedo lokuqala lwe-hydrogen peroxide, abaphuhlisi bebleach yeenwele, okanye i-sodium percarbonate "ekhuselekileyo ngombala" i-oxygen laundry powders (i-OxiClean) exutywe kwiindawo eziphezulu. Rapid exothermic reaction ekhupha ubushushu kunye nokusulungekileyo Irhasi yeoksijini (\(O_2\)) ecaleni kwe-corrosive aerosolized sodium chloride/hypochlorite mist. Ingakhupha ugwebu olunobundlobongela kwibhotile yesitshizi evaliweyo okanye idreyini, igqabhuze isikhongozeli esivaliweyo kuxinzelelo lwegesi, itshize amathontsi e-caustic emehlweni, kwaye ikhawulezise nawuphi na umlilo okufutshane.
Isivuleli seAcidic Drain + Ialkaline Lye/iBleach Drain Opener Ukugalela isicoci se-acidic drain (isulfuric okanye i-hydrochloric acid) phantsi kwesitya esicothayo ngaphambi okanye emva kwe-caustic alkaline drain opener (Liquid-Plumr, Drano: sodium hydroxide lye + sodium hypochlorite bleach). Ibhobho yobundlobongela exothermic yokungathathi hlangothi (>100 degrees Celsius / 212 degrees Fahrenheit) kunye nelifu elikhulu le Chlorine Gas (\(Cl_2\)) kunye nenkungu yesulfuric acid. Ubushushu bokungathathi hlangothi bubilise ngoko nangoko amanzi avaleleke kumbhobho ovalekileyo, ukudubula igiza yeasidi ebilayo, ilye, kunye negesi yeklorini ngqo kumngxuma wokucwila ebusweni bakho kunye namehlo, ngelixa unyibilikisa imibhobho yePVC ngaphantsi.

Imveliso efihliweyo imigibe ebamba abaninimzi abalumkileyo bengalindelanga

Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba bangaze bagalele ibhotile ebhalwe "i-ammonia" kwibhakethi ye "Bleach," kodwa basafumana ukuphefumla kakhulu ngenxa ye- **izithako ezifihlakeleyo kunye nemigibe yokucoca ngokulandelelana **:

  1. Isitya seToilet Bowl esiCoca kabini (Unobangela #1 wetyhefu yerhasi yeklorin):
  2. Uninzi olutyebileyo, olubambelelayo lwezicoci zesitya sendlu yangasese (ezifana ne-Lysol Power Toilet Bowl Cleaner, i-Zep Acidic Toilet Bowl Cleaner, iMisebenzi, okanye iHarpic Power Plus) ayiqulathanga** iblitshi; endaweni yoko, ziqulathe 9% ukuya 23% Hydrochloric Acid (\(HCl\)).
  3. Xa umninimzi ekhupha isicoci sesitya sangasese esineasidi phantsi komphetho, ekhuhla isitya, aze ngoko nangoko agalele ** ibleach yechlorine** (okanye awise icwecwe eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lebleach) kwisitya “ukuze siyenze mhlophe ngakumbi,” i-hydrochloric acid iphendula ngoko nangoko kunye ne-sodium hypochlorite: $\(NaOCl + 2HCl \utolo lwasekunene Cl_2\uparrow + NaCl + H_2O\)$
  4. Ilifu elishinyeneyo lerhasi yeklorini esulungekileyo liphuma ngqo kwisitya sendlu yangasese liye kwigumbi lokuhlambela elincinane elivalekileyo.
  5. Iitafile zeToilet eziziSebenzisayo ezingaphakathi kweTanki + Izicoci zoLiquid Rim: Ukuba ugcina ithebhulethi yeblitshi yeklorini ezenzekelayo** ngaphakathi kwetanki yamanzi engaphezulu kwindlu yakho yangasese, amanzi ahleli kwisitya sakho sangasese sele equlethe iblitshi enyibilikisiweyo. Ukugalela isikali sekalika esineasidi okanye isicoci sendlu yangasese erust emanzini kuqalisa igesi yeklorin ngoko nangoko.
  6. ** Ukucoca iBhokisi yeLitha yekati, i-Puppy Pad, okanye i-Urine-Stained Toilet nge-Undiluted Bleach **: Umchamo uqulethe i-urea, ibhaktheriya ephuma ngokukhawuleza ibe yi-concentrate ** ammonia **. Ukugalela iblitshi engaxutywanga yeklorine ngqo kwibhokisi yenkunkuma yekati, idiba lomchamo wenja kwikhonkrithi, okanye kwindlu yangasese ezaliswe ngumchamo engagungxulwanga kuvelisa ilifu elibukhali le-chloramine gas. Soloko uhlambulula umchamo ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi alula kunye nesepha yesitya kuqala phambi kokuba usebenzise nasiphi na isibulali-ntsholongwane.
  7. Izitshixo zokuhlamba izitya kunye noomatshini wokuvasa intsalela elandelelanayo: Ukuqhuba umatshini wokuhlamba izitya okanye umatshini wokuvasa umjikelo ococekileyo ngekomityi** yeviniga emhlophe** kwaye kwangaxeshanye ukongeza ibhlotshi yeklorine kwisicoci sokucoca kukhupha igesi yeklorini ngaphakathi kwesixhobo esishushubezayo, ethi zombini zityhoboze amatywina ocango lwerabha kunye nokukhupha igesi eyityhefu ekhitshini.

I-Pathophysiology kunye neempawu ze-chlorine kunye ne-chloramine yegesi yokuphefumla

Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni igesi yechlorine kunye nomphunga wechloramine uchaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zendlela yakho yokuphefumla ngesantya esahlukileyo kukunceda ubone ukulibaziseka kwezonyango.

1. Irhasi yeklorini (\(Cl_2\)): umtshiso weasidi yomoya ophezulu nasezantsi kwangoko

Ngenxa yokuba igesi yeklorini inokunyibilika kwamanzi okuphakathi, iqala ukusabela okwesibini nje ukuba ichukumise ifilimu yeenyembezi efumileyo yamehlo akho kunye nenwebu emanzi yempumlo yakho, umqala, kunye neetyhubhu eziphezulu ze-bronchial:

\[Cl_2 + H_2O \rightleftharpoons HCl\text{ (Hydrochloric Acid)} + HOCl\text{ (Hypochlorous Acid)}\]
  • Iimpawu ezikhawulezayo (Ngemizuzwana nje): Ukuhlaba kakhulu nokunkcenkceshela kwamehlo (blepharospasm), iintlungu ezitshisayo empumlweni nasemva komqala, ukhohlokhohlo olunamandla, isifuba esitshisayo, ukutshica amathe anegwebu, nokuziva ufuthaniselekile kangangokuba awukwazi kuphefumla.
  • Inqaku lesilumkiso ngoxinaniso lwerhasi: Irhasi yeklorini yemolekyuli (\(Cl_2\))2.5 ngamaxesha anzima kunomoya. Ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokuhlambela elingenamoya okanye igumbi elingaphantsi, igesi yeklorini izika ijonge emgangathweni, ibeka abantwana abasacathulayo, iintsana ezikhasayo, kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya (iikati nezinja) kweyona ndawo yoxinaniso iphezulu kuqala.

Jonga ulwelo olulibazisekileyo lwemiphunga iiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuba sesichengeni

Umntu ophefumla umsi weklorine okanye wechloramine unokuziva engcono kakhulu kwimizuzu eyi-15 emva kokuphumela ngaphandle kumoya omtsha, aze aphuhlise ubomi obunobungozi non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ulwelo oluvuza kwiingxowa zomoya wemiphunga) kwiiyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezingama-24 kamva. Funa ukhathalelo olukhawulezileyo kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba nabani na uphelelwa ngumoya ngelixa elele phantsi, ukhohlokhohlo olumanzi, isikhohlela esinegwebu elipinki, okanye ukuqina kwesifuba ngobo busuku.

2. Irhasi yeChloramine (\(NH_2Cl\)): ukunyibilika okusezantsi kwamanzi kunye nokufikelela nzulu kwe-alveolar

Xa i-bleach kunye ne-ammonia ixutywa, iziphumo ze-monochloramine kunye ne-dichloramine vapors zincinci ngaphantsi kwe-soluble yamanzi kunegesi ye-chlorine ecocekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba zinyibilika ngokucothayo kwimpumlo engasentla nasemqaleni, umntu ngamanye amaxesha unokuhlala ekhitshini elizaliswe yikloramine imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuba ukhohlokhohle ukhuphe, nto leyo evumela ukuba umphunga ungene nzulu kwi-bronchioles esezantsi kunye ne-lung air sacs (alveoli), apho i-hydrolyze ibe yi-ammonia kunye ne-hypochlorous acid kwiiyure ezininzi.

3. Ingozi yeyure ezi-6 ukuya kwi-24: I-Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS) kunye ne-Delayed Pulmonary Edema

Nasemva kokuba umntu ebalekele kwigumbi lokuhlambela ukuya kumoya omtsha kwaye ukukhohlela kwakhe kokuqala kuthomalale, iingxaki ezimbini ezinzulu zonyango zinokuvela kwixesha elilandelayo ** ezi-6 ukuya kwezingama-24**:

  • Ilibazisekile i-Non-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema ("Ukutshona okukomileyo / ukuNwaba kwiMiphuphu"): Umonakalo we-asidi kunye ne-free-radical kwiindonga ezicekethekileyo ze-capillary ezigubungele iingxowa zomoya zemiphunga zibangela ukuba zivuze kwiiyure ezininzi. Ulwelo lwe-Plasma luthi chu luthi chu luphuma egazini luye kwiingxowa zomoya. Jonga ngokusondeleyo iiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuba sesichengeni serhasi enkulu yokuphefumla kancinci ngelixa ulele phantsi, uphefumla kancinci, ukhohlokhohlo olumanzi olukhupha isikhohlela esipinki okanye esinegwebu, okanye imilebe/iminwe eblu blukhwe. Nabani na ophuhlisa le miqondiso ufuna i-oksijini yesebe elingxamisekileyo kunye nenkxaso ye-airway yoxinzelelo olufanelekileyo.
  • I-Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS): Ukuphefumlela phezulu okuphakamileyo kweklorin okanye igesi yechloramine kunokuhluba i-epithelial ye-epithelial ekhusela iityhubhu ze-bronchial kunye nokuvuselela imithambo-luvo engaphantsi, kushiya umntu obesempilweni ngaphambili ongeyosifuba enobuntununtunu obungapheliyo obufana ne-asthma okanye i-hyperreactivity yeminyaka ye-bronchial okanye ukuphefumla ngokuphefumla iminyaka emininzi.

Uncedo lokuqala lonyango lokuphefumla, ukutshiza kwamehlo, kunye nokungeniswa

Landela obu bungqina busekwe kuLawulo lwetyhefu kunye neeprothokholi zamayeza kaxakeka kuye nabani na ovezwe kubacoci bendlu abaxubeneyo:

1. Ukuphefumlela uncedo lokuqala

  • Umoya omtsha kunye nokuphumla okupheleleyo ngokomzimba: Mkhuphele ngaphandle umntu okanye ngefestile evuleke kakhulu kwigumbi elingenazintsholongwane ngoko nangoko. Bacele bahlale ngokuthe nkqo esitulweni (bangaze balale emqolo) kwaye bahlale bezolile kwaye bazolile.
  • Umoya opholileyo okanye inkungu epholileyo: Ukuba umntu unomqala ongephi kwaye unokhohlokhohlo olomileyo olunezinga lokuphefumla kunye neoksijini eqhelekileyo (engqinwe ngoLawulo lwePoison), ukuphefumla inkungu epholileyo efumileyo okanye ukuhlala kwigumbi lokuhlambela elicocekileyo, elingenazintsholongwane neshawari efudumeleyo ebalekayo ukwenza umphunga wamanzi angenanto kunceda ukuthomalalisa iileyibhile zomoya ongaphezulu onomsindo.
  • I-Bronchodilator yokuhlangula i-inhaler: Ukuba umntu unesifo sombefu, iCOPD, okanye uba nokuqina kancinci kwaye unomthamo omiselweyo othi albuterol (salbutamol) metered-dose inhaler, ukulawula ukufutha oku-2 kunceda ukukhulula izihlunu ezixineneyo zebronchial ezigudileyo.
  • Unyango lwesibhedlele: Kwisebe likaxakeka, oogqirha babeka iliso kwi-pulse oximetry, balawule i-oksijeni eyongezelelweyo e-humidified, banike i-bronchodilators ye-nebulized (i-albuterol kunye ne-ipratropium), kunye nokulimala okukhulu kwe-mucosal acid kunokulawula i-nebulized ** isisombululo se-sodium bicarbonate (ngokuqhelekileyo i-3.75% ukuya kwi-3.75% ukuya kwi-neutral monitoring ye-asidi ye-air * i-4.2%). ecaleni kwe-intravenous okanye i-corticosteroids yomlomo yokuvuvukala kwendlela yomoya. (Ungaze uzame ukusezela umgubo wesoda yokubhaka okanye izicombululo ekhaya.)

2. I-Ocular (Iliso) i-splash okanye igesi itshise uncedo lokuqala

Izitshizi zealkaline (ezifana nebleach, ammonia, okanye lye drain cleaner) ziyingozi ngakumbi kwiliso lomntu kuneasidi splash. Ngelixa iiasidi zijija iiproteni ezingaphezulu kwaye zenze umqobo othintela ukungena nzulu, ialkalis eyomeleleyo i-saponify (jika ibe yisepha) i-fatty cell membranes of the cornea (**sisquef in the chamber) iliso kwimizuzu kwaye ibangele ubumfama obusisigxina ukuba ayigungxulwanga ngoko nangoko.

  1. Qalisa ukunkcenkceshela kwimizuzwana eyi-10: Musa ukulinda uqhube ukuya esibhedlele phambi kokuba uhlambe iliso. Bamba intloko yomntu emacaleni phantsi komsinga othambileyo, oqhubekayo waamanzi etephu adikidiki kwisinki ecocekileyo, kwishawari, okanye usebenzisa ibhotile yamanzi ecocekileyo.
  2. Susa iilensi zokudibanisa ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba amanzi eqalise ukuqukuqela: Iilensi zoqhagamshelwano zibamba iblitshi egxininisiweyo okanye i-ammonia kwikhonea njengekomityi yokufunxa.
  3. Guqula ngokuqhubekayo kangangemizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30 egcweleyo: Sebenzisa iminwe yakho ukubamba zombini iinkophe zangaphezulu nezisezantsi zivuleke kakhulu ngelixa umntu eqengqelekela phezulu, ezantsi, ekhohlo, nasekunene ukuze amanzi akhuphe iipokotho ezinzulu phantsi kweenkophe (ihenyu).
  4. ** Yiya kwisebe elingxamisekileyo emva kokugungxula **: Ugqirha okanye i-ophthalmologist iya kuvavanya i-pH yefilimu yokukrazula ngephepha le-litmus kwaye iqhubeke nokunkcenkceshela i-saline eyinyumba kude kube iliso le-pH libuyela kwi-neutral ** 7.0 ukuya kwi-7.4 **.

3. Ukutsha kweekhemikhali zolusu kunye nokuginya ngempazamo (Ukuginya)

  • Ukuqhawuka kolusu: Khulula iimpahla ezingcolileyo, imisesane, kunye neewotshi zesihlahla ngoko nangoko. Hlanza ulusu phantsi kwamanzi apholileyo abalekayo15 imizuzu. Xa uhlamba i-sodium hypochlorite bleach okanye i-sodium hydroxide yelye esikhumbeni, qhubeka uhlamba de ulusu luphulukane ngokupheleleyo neemvakalelo "ezimtyibilizi, ezinesepha" (loo mvakalelo imtyibilizi ngamafutha akho omphezulu wolusu ahlanjululwa yialkali).
  • Ukuginya ngempazamo:
  • UNGAZE ufune ukugabha (ungaze usebenzise isiraphu ye-ipecac okanye ubeke umnwe emqaleni). Ukugabha kunyanzelisa iblitshi ebolileyo, iasidi, okanye iammonia ukuba itshise ummizo oethe-ethe okwesibini kwaye kubeka emngciphekweni wokungenisa ugwebu oluyingozi emiphungeni.
  • UNGAZE unike isoda yokubhaka okanye iviniga ngomlomo ukuzama ukuthomalalisa iasidi eginyiweyo okanye ialkali; Isiphumo sekhemikhali ngaphakathi kwesisu sivelisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nerhasi enokuthi igqabhuke (igqobhoze) isisu okanye ummizo.
  • Ukuba umntu ulumke ngokupheleleyo, ekwazi ukuginya ngaphandle kokukhohlela, kwaye engagabhi, amnike ** isiqingatha seglasi (120 ukuya kwi-240 milliliters / 4 ukuya kwi-8 ounces) yamanzi alula okanye ubisi ** ukuhlambulula imichiza yokugquma ummizo, kwaye ufowunele uLawulo lwePoison okanye inombolo yakho kaxakeka ngokukhawuleza.

Indlela yokucoca ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokulahla imichiza edibeneyo emva kokungena umoya

Emva kokuba wonke umntu ekhuselekile kwaye igumbi livule iifestile ezivulekileyo kunye nokukhupha abalandeli kwimizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60, ususa njani ulwelo oluseleyo kwindlu yangasese, i-sink, okanye ibhakethi ngaphandle kokuqala ukuphendula kwakhona?

Ityala A: Umxube ungaphakathi kwesitya sendlu yangasese okanye isitya sokuhlambela

  1. Lindela de igumbi libe nevumba elicacileyo okanye lincinci kuphela emva kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kuma-60 yokungena komoya.
  2. Thatha umoya opholileyo ngaphandle komnyango, ngena ubambe umoya wakho (unxibe isikhuselo samehlo kunye neeglavu zerabha), **vala isiciko sendlu yangasese ukuba sivulekile, tyhala isiphatho sokugungxula kube kanye **, kwaye uhambe kwangoko uphume kwigumbi lokuhlambela kwaye uvale ucango.
  3. Lindela imizuzu eli-10 kunye ne-fan yokukhupha i-bathroom ibaleka, uze uphinde ugungxuze okwesibini nokwesithathu ngelixa ubambe umphefumlo wakho. Ukugungxulwa ngakunye kunciphisa ukusabela ngeelitha ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 (iilitha ezi-1.6 ukuya kwezi-3) zamanzi abandayo kwaye ziwathwalise ngokukhuselekileyo ezantsi kumgca wogutyulo.
  4. Kwikhitshi okanye kwigumbi lokuhlambela, vula i-impompo yamanzi abandayo ngokuqhushumba ngokupheleleyo imizuzwana emi-3 ngelixa ubambe umoya wakho, phuma ngaphandle kwegumbi imizuzu emi-5 ngelixa amanzi abandayo egungxula i-P-trap ngokupheleleyo, kwaye emva koko ubuyele ukuvala impompo.

Ityala B: Umxube uhleli ngaphakathi kwebhakethi yemophu okanye isikhongozeli esisezantsi

  1. Ungaze uthabathe ibhakethi yemophu eqhumayo kwaye uhambe nayo ezipasejini apho inokutyibilika kwikhaphethi okanye ikhuphe umsi kumagumbi angenamoya.
  2. Vula ucango lwangaphandle okanye ifestile ekufutshane ibe banzi kwaye uyeke ibhakethi liyeke ukubhayiza kangangemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kuma-60.
  3. Emva kokuba umsi uphelile, bamba umoya wakho ngelixa unxibe iiglavu kunye neeglavu zerabha, nciphisa ibhakethi ngokugalela i-emele epheleleyo okanye i-emele yesibini ye-** amanzi abandayo abandayo ** ngobunono wehla ngecala le-emele (amanzi abandayo anciphisa izinga lokuphendula kwaye afunxe iigesi ezinyibilikisiweyo), kwaye uthele ulwelo oluxutyiweyo phantsi kwendlu yangasese ekufutshane (ukugungxula kabini ngomnyango we-concrete). ithumbu imizuzu emi-5 (ukuyigcina kude nengca, izilwanyana zasekhaya, kunye namachibi eentlanzi).

Ityala C: Ugalele izivuli ezibini ezingahambelaniyo kumbhobho ovaleke ngokupheleleyo

UNGAgaleli amanzi, iblitshi, okanye iplanga kwisinki evalekileyo ebambe iasidi yesulphuric exutyiweyo kunye nezicoci zelye/bleach drains. Ukugalela isinki ezele yidrain acid ejiyileyo kutshiza imichiza emfamekisayo inyukele ebusweni bakho. Vala igumbi lokuhlambela okanye ucango lwasekhitshini, vula ifestile, phuma kwigumbi, kwaye ubize umntu osebenza ngemibhobho yamanzi onelayisensi okanye umgca we-hazmat wecandelo lomlilo wasekuhlaleni ongengowongxamiseko, ubazise ngokucacileyo ngeempawu ezithe ngqo ezigalelwe kumbhobho ukuze igcisa linxibe isikhuselo esipheleleyo sobuso kunye ne-PPE enobungqina beasidi phambi kokususa umgibe ngaphantsi.

Iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokucoca ikhaya: into ONGANOKUYIxuba ngokukhuselekileyo

Ukucoca, ukubulala iintsholongwane, ukuthoba, kunye nokuthoba yonke indawo kwikhaya lakho ngaphandle kokubeka umngcipheko wegesi enetyhefu, landela le mithetho yegolide yokwahlula imichiza:

  • **Umthetho 1: Iblitshi ixuba KUPHELA namanzi angenanto ** (okanye amathontsi ambalwa esepha ecacileyo, engeyo-ammonia, engeyo-asidi efana ne-Dawn yokuqala, nangona isepha yesitya isetyenziswa kakuhle kwinqanaba lokuhlamba elahlukileyo kuqala, lihlanjululwe ngamanzi, kwaye lilandelwe yibleach ehlanjululweyo).
  • **Umthetho wesi-2: Ungaze usebenzise iimveliso zokucoca ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kwindlu yangasese enye okanye kwishawari ngosuku olunye ** ngaphandle kokuhlanjululwa kakuhle ngeelitha zamanzi angenanto phakathi.
  • Izimbini zokukhuhla ezingenatyhefu ezikhuselekileyo:
  • Ngomlinganiselo wamanzi anzima amaminerali kunye ne-soap scum: Fafaza engaxutywanga iviniga emhlophe ye-distilled (i-5% ye-acetic acid) okanye isisombululo se-citric acid kwiglasi yeshawa kunye neempompo, makhe uhlale imizuzu eyi-15, ukhuhle, kwaye uhlanjululwe kakuhle ngamanzi alula.
  • Kwizitovu ezinamafutha, iisinki, neebhafu: Fafaza okomileyo isoda yokubhaka (sodium bicarbonate) phezu komhlaba kwaye ukhuhle ngesipontshi esimanzi kunye nethontsilesepha yesitya elulwelo, emva koko uhlambulule ucoceke. (Qaphela: Ukudibanisa isoda yokubhaka kunye neviniga esityeni kukhangeleka ngendlela emangalisayo kuba kukhupha igesi yekharbon diokside [\(CO_2\)], engenabungozi kwaphela ukuphefumla ngokwexabiso lesiqhelo lasekhitshini, kodwa ngokwekhemikhali iviniga nesoda yokubhaka ziyenza ilingane emanzini anetyuwa [sodium acetate], ikushiye nesicoci esibuthathaka; zisebenzise enye emva kwenye endaweni yezinye.)
  • Nge-non-bleach disinfection: Sebenzisa i-EPA-registered or EN-certified 3% hydrogen peroxide spray okanye 70% isopropyl alcohol fafaza kwindawo ehlanjululwe ngokupheleleyo, engenalo iblitshi.

Gcina iimveliso kwiibhotile zazo ezibhalwe ekuqaleni

Iikhemikhali ezininzi zenzeke ngengozi xa umntu egalela iblitshi eshiyekileyo okanye isicoci esineasidi kwibhotile yesitshizi esingaphawulwanga okanye ikomityi enokuphinda isetyenziswe lize elinye ilungu losapho ligqithe kwaloo bhotile ngeviniga, isicoci sefestile yeammonia, okanye ukuhlikihla utywala. Ngalo lonke ixesha gcina abacoci bamakhaya kwizikhongozeli zabo zokuqala ezibhalwe kumzi-mveliso, nezikwaziyo ukumelana nabantwana.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa

Is it dangerous to pee in a toilet bowl that has bleach sitting in it?

Fresh, healthy human urine dumped into a toilet bowl containing diluted bleach produces virtually zero dangerous gas because fresh urine contains urea rather than high levels of free ammonia, and the large volume of cold toilet bowl water dilutes and absorbs trace reactions immediately. The real danger occurs when undiluted bleach is poured onto stale, concentrated urine that has been sitting for hours or days (such as in an unflushed sickroom commode, diaper pail, or cat litter box where bacteria have converted urea into pure ammonia), or when bleach is combined with commercial ammonia cleaning products.

How long does chlorine gas or chloramine gas stay in a bathroom after mixing cleaners?

In a small bathroom or kitchen with the window open and the exhaust fan running (or a box fan blowing outward), airborne chlorine or chloramine gas typically dissipates within 30 to 60 minutes once the liquid source in the toilet bowl or sink has been flushed down the drain with cold water. However, in a windowless interior bathroom with the door closed and the liquid mixture still sitting un-flushed in the toilet or mop bucket, the liquid can continue off-gassing irritating vapors for several hours until ventilated and flushed.

Will I get lung damage if I smelled bleach and vinegar for just 2 or 3 seconds before running out?

Almost certainly no: our noses and eyes detect chlorine and chloramine gas at tiny concentrations around 0.2 to 0.5 parts per million (well below the threshold that causes permanent structural lung damage). If you smelled the sharp odor for a few seconds, immediately stepped into fresh air, and have zero ongoing coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, or throat burning after 10 to 15 minutes in fresh air, serious injury is extremely unlikely; simply rest, drink water, and call Poison Control if any symptoms appear.

Is it safe to mix Dawn liquid dish soap with chlorine bleach to clean a shower or patio?

You must check the exact dish soap label first: while a few drops of plain, original non-concentrated liquid dish surfactant in diluted bleach water generally does not release chlorine gas, many scented dish soaps, antibacterial hand soaps, citrus-degreasing dish soaps (containing citric or lactic acid), and amine-oxide surfactant formulas can react with sodium hypochlorite bleach to release irritating chloramines or chlorine vapors. Public health agencies including the CDC recommend washing surfaces first with soap and water, rinsing with plain water, and then applying diluted bleach water alone.

What happens if you mix baking soda and vinegar while cleaning a drain or oven?

Unlike mixing bleach with vinegar (which releases lethal green chlorine gas), mixing baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and white vinegar (acetic acid) is completely non-toxic: the fizzing bubbles are simply harmless carbon dioxide gas ($CO_2$, the exact gas in sparkling water) along with water and harmless sodium acetate salt. The only hazard with baking soda and vinegar is sealing them inside a closed glass bottle or tight container, where the expanding carbon dioxide gas pressure can shatter the bottle.

What symptoms mean I need to go to the emergency room hours after breathing bleach fumes?

Because chlorine and chloramine gas can cause delayed fluid leakage into the lung air sacs (non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema) or delayed bronchial spasm up to 6 to 24 hours after exposure, go to the nearest emergency department immediately if you develop a worsening cough that will not stop, whistling or wheezing sounds when breathing, shortness of breath when lying flat or walking across a room, tightness or burning pain in the center of your chest, coughing up pink or frothy phlegm, or bluish/grey tinting of the lips and fingernails.

Imithombo ijongiwe

  • Amaziko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo (CDC, eUnited States) kunye ne-Arhente ye-Toxic Substances kunye neRegistry yeZifo (ATSDR): Izikhokelo zoLawulo lwezoNyango (MMG) zeChlorine ($ Cl_2 $) kunye neChloramines (i-inhalation pathophysiology, ukulibaziseka kwe-pulmonary edema monitoring, eye/skin therapy decontamination, i-eye/skin decontamination).
  • **Amaziko e-Poison aseMelika (i-AAPCC, eUnited States): ** *INkqubo yeSizwe yeNgcaciso yePoison (NPDS) IziKhokelo zokuHlola zokuHlanganisa kwiNdlu yoCwangciso lweNdlu * kunye nemigangatho ye-triage ye-1-800-222-1222.
  • Iziko leSizwe loKhuseleko lweMisebenzi kunye neMpilo (NIOSH, eUnited States): Ingozi: Musa ukuxuba iBleach ne-Amonia okanye i-Acids Hazard Alerts kunye neNgozi eKhawulezayo kuBomi okanye kwiMpilo (IDLH) imida yokuvezwa.
  • ** I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lwezeMpilo yase-UK (i-UKHSA) kunye neNkonzo yeSizwe yoLwazi lwePoisons (i-NPIS, e-United Kingdom):** *ULawulo lwezehlo zeKlorini, i-Compendium yeeNgozi zeMichiza, kunye noKhuseleko lweMveliso yokuCocwa kweNdlu *.
  • IKhanada yezempilo (eKhanada): UKhuseleko lweMichiza yaseKhaya: Iingozi zokuDiba iBletshi ne-Ammonia, iVinegar, kunye nezicoci zeAcidic.
  • ISebe lezeMpilo leSizwe laseWashington kunye neSebe lezeMpilo laseNew Jersey (eUnited States): Iingozi zokuxuba iiFact Sheets eziCwangcisiweyo zeMichiza yaseKhaya (i-reaction matrices yebleach + ammonia, acids, alcohol, and peroxide).

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo