Ukuwa kweNyathelo lokuhamba nge-escalator, ukuBuyiswa koMkhombandlela wokubaleka, kunye nokuNgena kwePlate yeComb¶

Ii-escalators kunye neendlela zokuhamba ezihambayo zizithuthi zothutho olunzima lweshishini oluqhutywa ziimotor zombane ezinetorque ephezulu ukusuka 7.5 ukuya kwi-30 kilowatts (10 ukuya kwi-40 horsepower), ezenzelwe ukuhambisa amawaka eekhilogram zobunzima bomkhweli ngokuqhubekayo ecaleni kweendlela zentsimbi. Ngokungafaniyo nekhabhathi yeelevator evaliweyo apho iingcango zokhuseleko zikhusela abakhweli koomatshini abashukumayo, isitephusi esizihambelayo sibeka abakhweli esichengeni ngokuthe ngqo kwizinyuko zentsimbi ezihambayo ezidityanisiweyo, iintambo zerabha ezihexayo kakhulu, iipaneli zesiketi ezisecaleni ezimileyo, kunye neencakuba ezibukhali zealuminiyam okanye iipleyiti zekama zentsimbi phezulu nasezantsi. Ukuba i-clog yegwebu elithambileyo lomntwana, i-boot yemvula, intambo yesihlangu, okanye idyasi ende itsalwa kwi- **3-to-5-millimeter (0.12-to-0.20-intshi) yokucoca isithuba ** phakathi kwesinyathelo esishukumayo kunye nesiketi esisecaleni okanye phantsi kwamazinyo epleyiti etyheli, i-geared drive motor ayiyi kumisa; iyaqhubeka nokutsalela ilungu kumatshini de utshintsho lokhuseleko luhambe okanye umntu obukeleyo abethe iqhosha elibomvu le-Emergency Stop.

Kwizikhululo zezothutho, amabala emidlalo, kunye nodederhu lweevenkile, izitepsi ezinyukayo ezigcwele kakhulu zinokugqabhuka okanye ukusilela kwebrake, ukuguqula izitepsi zibe sisilayidi somxhuzulane esingaqhawukiyo esihamba ngasemva kwaye sifumba abakhweli babe yimfumba kwindawo esezantsi. Ukungaphumeleli kolwakhiwo lweerola zenyathelo le-aluminium okanye iipleyiti zomgangatho wokumisa ezingabotshwanga zinokuvula isithuba ngokuthe ngqo ngaphezulu kweegiya eziphambili zokuqhuba ngaphakathi kumngxunya ongaphezulu wetruss. Ukwazi indawo echanekileyo yeqhosha elibomvu le-Emergency Stop phantsi kwezithuba ezintsha ze-handrail, indlela yokuqinisa kunye nokucoca indawo ephantsi ye-pileup ngexesha lokubuyela umva, indlela yokubeka i-vault phezu kwenqanaba elilahlekileyo okanye ipleyiti yokumisa ekhululekile, kunye nendlela yokuzinzisa unyawo olutyumkileyo kusindisa ubomi kunye nemilenze. Jonga ku amanani kaxakeka, i-escalator entrapment kunye nokulimala kwendlela yokuhamba, ixesha likaxakeka kwi-elevator, kwaye isihlwele sityumza kwaye siphila nge stampede.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

1. Beka okanye ukhabe iqhosha elibomvu lokumisa (i-E-Stop) phezulu okanye ezantsi ukumisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba isihlangu, impahla, okanye ilungu lomzimba libanjiwe, okanye ukuba inyathelo liyaqhekeka okanye liqhine. Iqhosha likwisiseko esingaphakathi okanye sangaphandle sepali ye-balustrade entsha (ngaphantsi nje kwerabha egobileyo yerabha ejikajikayo kunye nokunciphisa umphezulu weplasitiki) ikhala i-alam yasekuhlaleni xa iphakanyiswa.
2. Khwaza "BAMBA I-HANDRAIL" phambi kokucofa iqhosha lokuMisa ngokuNgxamisekileyo ukuba akukho bani utsalelwayo kumatshini. Ukumisa isitephusi esinyukayo esigcwele kakhulu ngequbuliso nge-E-Stop yombane kubamba inkonzo yoqhoboshi phakathi kwe-0.3 ukuya kwi-0.9 yeemitha (inyawo ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3)* zohambo, ezinokuthi zihlisele abakhweli abanyukayo ukuya phambili.
3. Sika iimpahla ezibanjiweyo, imitya yokutsala, okanye imitya yezihlangu ngoko nangoko ngezikere zokwenzakala okanye imela yepokotho, okanye ukhuphe unyawo kwiqhiya yerabha ebanjiweyo okanye ibhutsi ukuba oomatshini basashukuma. Ungaze usonge izandla zakho kumtya wetaut okanye uzame ukutsala isihlangu esixineneyo sibheke ngasemva ngaphandle kwepleyiti yekama ngelixa ikhonkco lokuqhuba liphantsi koxinzelelo; sika ilaphu simahla okanye tyibilikisa unyawo olungenanto ngaphandle kwesihlangu phambi kokuba iinzwane zifike emazinyweni ekama.
4. Ukuba i-escalator enyukayo ngequbuliso iyancwina, ingcangcazela, kwaye ijike isiya ngasezantsi, bamba zombini iintambo zerabha ngokuqinileyo, tyala iinyawo zakho ububanzi kwizinyuko ezibini, kwaye ungqiyame ngasemva kancinci. Wakuba ufikile kwindawo yokumisa ezantsi, **ivault okanye ukrweca emacaleni ngaphaya kwe balustrade okanye ukude ukusuka kwipleyiti yokuphuma yerabha ngokukhawuleza kwaye unyuse i-caphyxiated phantsi kwe-caphyxiated ukutyibilika emva kwakho; bona isihlwele sityumza kwaye siphila nge stampede.
5. Ukuba ubona isithuba esiqhekekileyo, esithambekileyo, okanye esingekhoyo sisiya kwindawo ekuma kuyo, tsiba phezu kwayo yonke ipleyiti yomgangatho wentsimbi ukuya kumgangatho oqinileyo wesakhiwo. Xa inyathelo eliqhekekileyo lingqubana nepleyiti yekama ephezulu okanye esezantsi, impembelelo ikholisa ukuphumela phezulu iipleyiti zomgangatho wolondolozo lwentsimbi engenakutyiwa phezulu, ziwisa nabani na omi kwezo pleyiti ngqo kwisixhobo esijikelezayo esijikelezayo ngaphakathi kwesixhobo sokujikeleza.
6. Fowunela inombolo yakho yexesha likaxakeka (911 eUnited States naseKhanada, 112 kulo lonke elase-European Union, i-999 e-United Kingdom) kwaye ufune iSebe loMlilo loHlangulo olunzima lobuchwephesha. Ungaze uvumele ukhuseleko lwe-mall okanye abasebenzi bolondolozo abangaqeqeshwanga baphokoze ngonyawo olubanjisiweyo nge-crowbar okanye ubaleke i-escalator motor umva; ukukhulula imilenze edibeneyo phakathi kwe-aluminium step riser kunye nepaneli ye-skirt yentsimbi idinga i-hydraulic spreaders kunye ne-step-chain tension release; khangela amanani kaxakeka kwaye ukutyumza ukulimala kunye ne-compartment syndrome.

Umthi wesigqibo: i-escalator mechanical emergency kunye nempendulo yokungena¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Iescalator okanye uHamba oluNgxamisekileyo lokuHamba"] --> HazardType{"Yintoni ukusilela koomatshini okanye ukwenzakala okwenzekayo?"}
    HazardType -->|"Isihlangu, iminwe, okanye impahla ebanjwe kwi-Comb Plate okanye iSikethi esisecaleni"| Entrapment["1. Cofa iqhosha elibomvu le-Emergency Stop phezulu okanye ezantsi ukumisa isithuba esitsha; 2. Sika impahla ye-taut okanye ukutyibilika ngaphandle kwesihlangu esibanjisiweyo ngokukhawuleza; 3. MUSA ukutsala ngenkani kwiinzwane ezibanjisiweyo okanye i-jog motor ujike umva; 4. Tsalela umnxeba ku-911/112/999 ukuze uHlangule uMlilo onzima ngezisasazo zehydraulic"]
    HazardType -->|"I-escalator ngesiquphe iJikisa uKhokelo okanye iNgxamise ezantsi"| Runaway["1. UNGAZAMI ukubaleka iziteshi ezizihambelayo ezibuya umva ngokukhawuleza; 2. Bamba zombini ii-handrails ngokuqinileyo, ukumisa banzi, kunye nebrace yempembelelo esezantsi; 3. Ukuba ukufutshane nomzantsi, tsiba ngoko nangoko kwaye uhambe nge-5 m (16 ft) ecaleni; 4. Tsala abakhweli abawileyo ecaleni kude kwindawo esezantsi yekama-pleyiti yokufumba"]
    HazardType -->|"INyathelo iBuckles, Inyathelo Elilahlekileyo Umsantsa uyavela, okanye ingxolo yeMetal yokuSila"| StepCollapse["1. Cofa iqhosha elibomvu le-Emergency Stop kwaye ukhwaze ukuba abakhweli bayeke ukuhamba; 2. Nyathela kwizinyuko ezimeleneyo okanye ugobe izandla kwiibhalustra ezisecaleni; 3. UNGAZE unyathele iipleyiti zomgangatho wesinyithi phezulu okanye ngaphantsi; 4. Ivault ecace gca kumgangatho wesamente wesakhiwo esiqinileyo"]
    Entrapment --> Medical["Lawula ukopha kwe-arterial nge-tourniquet okanye uxinzelelo oluthe ngqo kwaye uphathe ukothuka"]
    Runaway --> Medical
    StepCollapse --> Medical

I-Anatomy yezitepusi ezizihambelayo kunye nokufumana iqhosha elibomvu le-Emergency Stop¶

Kutheni abantu ababukeleyo basilela ukumisa i-escalator ngexesha¶

Ngexesha leescalator entrapment okanye ukusilela komatshini, isekhondi nganye yokuhamba kwenyathelo eliqhubekayo litsala malunga ne- 0.5 yeemitha (1.6 iinyawo) yesitephu sentsimbi sicoca kwilungu elibanjiweyo lexhoba. Imizobo yokucupha yeengozi ezizihambelayo ibonisa ukuba ababukeleyo badla ngokuphulukana nemizuzwana eyi-10 ukuya kwengama-30 bejonga iindonga ukuze bafumane iswitshi kuba bengazi ukuba iqhosha lokumisa lixhonywe phi.

Ngekhowudi yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe (i-ASME A17.1 / CSA B44 eMntla Melika kunye ne-EN 115 kulo lonke elaseYurophu, e-United Kingdom, nase-Asia-Pacific), zonke izitepsi zikawonke-wonke kunye ne-walkway ehambayo ine ** ubuncinane ezimbini ezifikelelekayo zangaphandle, ezibomvu ze-Emergency Stop switch **: enye kwindawo yokumisa ephezulu kunye enye ekufikeni ezantsi.

Iindawo ezichanekileyo ze-Emergency Stop (E-Stop) iqhosha¶

Jonga kwenye yezi zikhundla zintathu zisemgangathweni ekungeneni nasekuphumeni eziphelweni zeescalator:

1. Igophe langaphambili elisezantsi lepali entsha ye-balustrade (eyona ixhaphake kakhulu): Yima ujonge emnyango okanye ophumayo kwizitepusi ezizihambelayo. Jonga ezantsi kwincam egobileyo ye-handrail (entsha) ekuphakameni omalunga nedolo ukuya esinqeni, ama-30 ukuya kuma-90 eesentimitha (ii-intshi ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-36) ngaphezu komgangatho. Iqhosha elibomvu lokutyhala libuyiselwe kwindawo yentsimbi engatyiwayo phantsi kwempumlo yerabha yerabha ejikayo okanye kwicala lasekunene elijonge kwizinyuko.
2. Ngaphakathi kwendlu eyothusayo ecwengileyo yekhava ye-flip-cover: Amagunya ezothutho amaninzi agquma iqhosha elibomvu ngesiciko esicacileyo se-polycarbonate hinged esibhalwe "YIMA OKUXEKILEYO - PHAKAMISA IQHOSHA UKUZE UCOSHE IQHOSHA." Ukuphakamisa isigqubuthelo seplastiki kubangela i-siren ekhalayo yasekuhlaleni ukunqanda ukuphazamisa, *kodwa ukuphakamisa isikhuselo sisodwa akusiyeki isikhuseli. Kuya kufuneka ujike isigqubuthelo esicacileyo kwaye ** cinezela iqhosha lekhowa elibomvu ngokuqinileyo ngaphakathi ** de umnxibelelanisi wombane ahambe.
3. Umgangatho ophezulu okanye isiseko sendawo encedisayo kwizikhululo zezothutho eziphezulu: Kwizikhululo zikaloliwe ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezinzulu, ibollard ekhululekileyo ukuya esinqeni eyongezelelweyo okanye iqhosha elibomvu elixhonywe phezu kwendawo yokuhombisa esecaleni kwendlela yesiporo ebonelela ngokubonakala ngaphezu kwezihlwele ezixineneyo.

I-comb-plate kunye ne-side-skirt entrapment: kutheni izihlangu ezithambileyo kunye nempahla ekhululekileyo itsalwa ngaphakathi¶

Ubuchwephesha bamanqaku amabini aphambili okubanjwa¶

Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-90 zokunqunyulwa kwe-escalator, ukwenzakala kwe-degloving, kunye nokutyunyuzwa kweenyawo ezinzima kwenzeka kwiindawo ezimbini zejometri apho amanyathelo ahambayo e-aluminium adlula ngaphakathi kweemilimitha zesakhiwo sesinyithi esimileyo:

1. Umsantsa weskirt esisecaleni (inyathelo ukuya kwiskirt entrapment)¶

Njengoko inyathelo ngalinye leescalator lihamba linyuka okanye lisihla kwithambeka, imiphetho yaso yasekhohlo nesekunene idlula ecaleni kwepaneli yentsimbi emileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi skirt board. Iikhowudi zokwakha zifuna umsantsa othe tyaba phakathi komphetho wesinyathelo esishukumayo kunye nesiketi esimileyo ukuba singabi banzi kune 4 ukuya kwi-5 millimeters (0.16 ukuya ku-0.20 intshi), kodwa imithwalo enzima yabakhweli kunye neerola ezigugileyo zenayiloni zivumela amanyathelo ukuba atshintshe ecaleni. Njengoko inyathelo lisondela kwigophe elisicaba lokuma phezulu okanye ezantsi, ubuso obuthe nkqo (isikhukuli) senqanaba eliphezulu lityibilika lisingise ezantsi lidlula inqwanqwa elithe tye lenyathelo elisezantsi, lidala indawo yokucheba ejonge ezantsi ecaleni komphetho wesiketi.

2. Ipleyiti yekama ephezulu nasezantsi (inyathelo lokuya kwikama)¶

Kuzo zombini iindawo zokumisa, imigca ekroliweyo yezinyuko zealuminiyam eshukumayo idlula ngaphantsi komqolo omileyo wentsimbi eneengile okanye amazinyo epholima atyheli abizwa ngokuba yi pleyiti yekama, esebenza njengespatula ukutyibilikisa iinyawo zabakhweli ukusuka kwizinyuko ezishukumayo ukuya kumgangatho wokumisa. Ukuba naliphi na izinyo elikwipleyiti yekama liqhawukile okanye ligobelwe phezulu, okanye ukuba into ebhityileyo iyatyibilika emazantsi egaqa endaweni yokukhwela phezu kwerempu yekama, iqhutywa ngqo kwi 1.5-ukuya-3-millimeter (0.06-ukuya-0.12-intshi) ujongano lwemeshing.

Kutheni i-foam clogs (Crocs), iibhutsi zerabha ezithambileyo, kunye neentambo zokutsala ziyingozi ngokukodwa¶

Izihlangu zesikhumba esiqinileyo okanye iiteki eziqinileyo zineengcambu eziqinileyo ezityibilika ngokucocekileyo ukunqumla isiketi esisecaleni sentsimbi esimileyo kwaye sikhwele lula phezulu kumazinyo epleyiti eneengile. Ngokwahlukileyo, iintlobo ezintathu zezihlangu kunye nempahla ye-akhawunti yobuninzi bokulimala kwe-escalator mangling:

• I-ethylene-vinyl acetate ethambileyo (i-EVA) iibhlokhi zogwebu lwentlaka (ezifana neeCrocs) kunye neebhutsi zerabha ezithambileyo (i-wellingtons): Ugwebu oluthambileyo lwe-EVA kunye nerabha ebhityileyo evuthelweyo inomlinganiso ophezulu ngokugqithisileyo wokukhuhlana ngokuchasene nentsimbi ebrashiweyo kunye ne-aluminiyam, idityaniswe nokunganyangeki okuphantse ukuba ngunothi. Xa umntwana ebrasha icala lebloki elithambileyo okanye ibhuthi yemvula kwisiketi esisecaleni esimileyo, ukukhuhlana kubamba isihlangu sentlama, usonge ibhokisi yenzwane ethambileyo ngaphakathi, aze afunxe isihlangu sonke, kunye neenzwane zomntwana kunye nomphambili, ukuya kutsho kumsantsa oziimilimitha ezi-4 (0.16-intshi) phakathi kwenqwanqwa kunye nesiketi okanye ngaphantsi kwepleyiti yekama.
• Imitya yezihlangu ejingayo, imitya ejingayo yehoodie, kunye nemitya engobhaka: Umtya wesihlangu ongabotshwanga uthe tyaba ngaphakathi kwimijelo emxinwa ethe nkqo (imicango) yokunyathela. Ngenxa yokuba i-lace ihleli ** ngaphantsi** umphezulu we-grooves, amazinyo e-comb-plate akakwazi ukuyiphakamisa xa ifika; endaweni yoko, i-lace idlula kumazinyo ekama kwaye ijikeleze i-asi ye-step-chain ejikelezayo engezantsi, ibambelele isihlangu kwi-comb plate okanye itsale iminwe yomntwana oguqayo kunye nentamo phantsi kumazinyo esinyithi.
• Iziketi ezinde eziqukuqelayo, ii-abayas, iisari, iilokhwe ezinkulu, kunye neebhulukhwe ezinomlenze obanzi: Imiqukumbelo elandelanayo ebrasha umda omthubi wesitephusi icutheka phakathi kwesinyusi esithe nkqo sesinyuko esinye kunye nokunyathela okuthe tye kwesitebhisi esikufuphi njengoko izinyuko zithe tyaba ekufikeni kwazo.

Ukuhlangula ngamanyathelo kunye nonyango lwe-comb-plate okanye i-side-skirt entrapment¶

Isigaba 1: Uvavanyo lokumisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhutshwa (imizuzwana eyi-10 yokuqala)¶

1. Betha iqhosha elibomvu lokuMisa uXabiso oluNgxamisekileyo ngoko nangoko: Nje ukuba idrive motor ime, ukucutha koomatshini kuyeka ukuqhubela phambili.
2. Ukuba impahla okanye umtya wesihlangu uvaleleke kodwa ilungu lomzimba alikabikho ngaphakathi kumsantsa wesinyithi, wunqumle ngoko nangoko: Sebenzisa isikere sokwenzakala, isikere esomeleleyo, okanye imela yepokotho (usika ususe eluswini lwexhoba) ukuze unqumle umtya wesihlangu ovalelekileyo, umtya, ibhulukhwe, okanye umqukumbelo wedyasi ngaphambi kokuba nabani na aqalise ngempazamo.
3. Ukuba isihlangu esithambileyo sibhijelwe kwisiketi esisecaleni okanye kwipleyiti yekama, khangela ukuba isithende sinokuphuma: Ukuba kuphela ibhokisi yerabha yeenzwane zebhlokhwe okanye isihlangu semvula sipinkiwe kwaye i-escalator imisiwe, khulula ngobunono okanye uvule izip ebhuthini kwaye ubone ukuba unyawo lwexhoba lunokutyibilika ngokutyibilikayo ngasemva ngaphandle komatshini ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa.
4. UNGAZE utsale ngenkani kunyawo oluvalelekileyo, kwisandla, okanye ngomnwe: Ukuba iinzwane, iminwe, okanye amathambo eqatha acinezelwe ngaphakathi kwesikhewu sentsimbi okanye axinzelele phantsi kwamazinyo ajikekileyo epleyiti yekama, ukutsalela ngasemva kubangela ukuba inyathelo elibukhali lealuminiyam licandeke kunye nekama amazinyo ukuba enze njenge-barb yendlela enye, ukuhluba ulusu kunye ne-tendon okanye ithambo i-metatarsals.

Inqanaba lesi-2: Ukuxhasa ixhoba ngelixa lilindele ukuhlangulwa koMlilo onzima¶

1. Zola kwaye uxhase ngokwasemzimbeni ixhoba kwizinyuko: Gcoba ngaphantsi kwamadolo, isinqe, kunye nomzimba wexhoba ngeebhatyi ezisongiweyo ukuze ubunzima bomzimba wabo bungalitokisi iqatha elivalelekileyo.
2. Misa umntu obukeleyo phezu kwawo omabini amaqhosha e-Emergency Stop kunye neqhosha lokutshintshela: Thintela abantu ababukeleyo abangenalwazi kwelinye icala leescalator ekusetezeni kwakhona isitshixo sokumisa okanye ukufaka isitshixo sokuqalisa de abacimi-mlilo batshixe isaphuli-mthetho esikhulu.
3. Ncedisa iSebe loMlilo ukuKhuselwa koBugcisa boBugcisa: Abacimi-mlilo bavula icandelo le-comb-plate elisusekayo, basuse amanyathelo amelene ne-aluminium, okanye bafake isisasazo sokuhlangula se-hydraulic phakathi kwenqanaba kunye nentsimbi yecala skirt ukunyanzela 25-to-50-millimeter (1-to-2-intshi) gap, ukukhulula unyawo olutyumkileyo.
4. Lawula ukopha kwaye ukhusele izicubu ezinqunyiweyo: Faka uxinzelelo oluqinileyo oluthe ngqo ngeyasuyasu eliyinyumba phezu kwamanxeba ophayo, okanye ubeke i-windlass tourniquet yorhwebo 5 ukuya kwi-7 yeesentimitha (ii-intshi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3) phezu kweqatha okanye isihlahla ukuba umthambo uyatyhutyha; bona ukopha kakhulu. Songa nawaphina amanani anqunyulweyo ngeyasuyasu elingenazintsholongwane efunjwe kancinci ngesaline okanye amanzi acocekileyo, uwatywine kwingxowa eyomileyo yeplastiki, kwaye udada loo bhegi kwibhafu enodaka lomkhenkce namanzi.

Umkhombandlela wokubaleka ubuyela umva kwizitepusi ezigcwala kakhulu ezinyukayo¶

Ifiziksi ye-escalator runaway reversal¶

Isehlo esibalekayo se-escalator senzeke phantse ngokukodwa kwi-ilayisha kakhulu izitepusi ezinyukayo kwizikhululo zikaloliwe ezingaphantsi, iitheminali zikaloliwe, kunye namabala emidlalo. Ngaphakathi komngxuma womatshini ongaphezulu, i-motor yombane iqhuba i-sprocket ephezulu ye-step-chain ngebhokisi yegiya okanye ikhonkco elinzima, ngelixa i-brake yenkonzo yokuqala ihlala ixhonywe kwi-motor shaft. Iindlela ezimbini zokungaphumeleli zibangela ukuba isitepusi esinyukayo sipakishwe ngabakhweli ukuba sibuye umva ngesiquphe icala:

1. Ukugqabhuka kwetsheyini lokuqhuba okanye ukucheba ibhokisi yegiya: Ukuba ikhonkco eliphambili lerola yokuqhuba liyaqhawuka okanye amazinyo egiya phantsi kwemithwalo enzima yabakhweli, injini yombane kunye neziqhoboshi zayo ezifakwe kwimoto ziyaqhawulwa kwizinyuko zabakhweli. Ngaphandle kokuba i-axiliary main-shaft brake ifakwe ngqo kwi-sprocket ye-sprocket ephezulu, akukho nto ibambe ikhonkco lokunyathela phezulu.
2. Isiliphu se-Service brake lining: Ukuba abakhweli abaninzi kakhulu bayaxina kwizitebhisi ezinyukayo ngaxeshanye, umxhuzulane ongezantsi womthwalo wongamela itorque yemoto okanye iziliphu ezidlulileyo ezigugileyo, izihlangu zeziqhoboshi ezingcoliswe yi-oyile.

Nje ukuba ukuqhubela phambili ukuya phezulu kusilele, umxhuzulane uguqula iescalator ibe sisithuthi sentsimbi esinobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-5,000 ukuya kwezili-10,000 (iikhilogram ezili-11,000 ukuya kwezingama-22,000) zabakhweli. Kwimizuzwana emi-2 ukuya kweyesi-3, izitepsi ziyayeka, zijike umva ukuya ezantsi, kwaye zikhawuleze ukuya ku-1.5 ukuya kwi-2.5 yeemitha ngesekhondi (iifithi ezi-5 ukuya kwezisi-8 ngesekhondi).

Izenzo zokusinda ngexesha lokubuyela umva kwezitepusi ezizihambelayo¶

Ukuba ukhwele i-escalator enyukayo kwaye uyive ingcangcazela, yehlisa isantya, okanye uqale ukuqengqeleka umva:

1. SUKUzama ukubaleka izinyuko ngaphandle kokuba ukwinqanaba elinye lepleyiti yekama ephezulu: Ukuzama ukubaleka usiya phezulu kwizinyuko ezinyukela ezantsi ngeemitha ezi-2 ngesekondi (iifithi ezi-6.5 ngesekhondi) kukujula ushiye ibhalansi entloko kwincam ezibukhali zentsimbi.
2. Ukuba ukufutshane nendawo yokumisa esezantsi xa kuqalisa ukubuyisela umva, tsiba wehla ngoko nangoko kwaye uye kwicala elisecaleni: Kwimizuzwana embalwa, abantu abakhweleyo baya kukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwipleyiti yekama esezantsi ngesantya esiphezulu.
3. Ukuba uphakathi kwinqwelo-moya kwaye awukwazi ukuphuma, yamkela iNdawo ye-Escalator Brace:
4. Bamba zombini iintambo zerabha ngokomelela kwesandla esikhulu.
5. Tyala iinyawo zakho zibe banzi ngokwahlukeneyo kwizinyuko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ukwenza isiseko esizinzileyo sangaphambili ukuya-ngasemva ukuze ungahlebeli ngasemva ezantsi kwigophe loguqulo.
6. **Gcina amadolo akho egobile kancinci kwaye ujongise isilevu sakho phantsi ** ngelixa ubambe iingalo zakho zangaphambili ukuba abakhweli abangaphezulu bawela emqolo wakho.
7. Cima indawo yokumisa esezantsi ngoko nangoko:
8. Xa abakhweli bokuqala bebetha ezantsi kwaye bewa, umthumeli wondla imizimba emininzi ngaphezulu ngokuthe ngqo phezu kwayo, edala imfumba yokutyumza 1.5 ukuya kwi-2.5 yeemitha (5 ukuya ku-8 iinyawo) ubunzulu ngelixa i-metal step cleats igalela ngaphantsi komgangatho ophantsi wamaxhoba.
9. Ngephanyazo iinyawo zakho zifikelela kwindawo yotshintsho esezantsi, igumbi elingaphantsi komhlaba okanye emacaleni ngaphaya kwemfumba ewileyo okanye qengqeleka ecaleni phezu kwe-balustrade kwaye ukrazule ucace gca kwi-chute yokuphuma.
10. Bamba abakhweli abawileyo ngamagxa okanye ezihlahleni uze ubatsalele emacaleni ngaphandle kwendlela yokuhamba ukuze abakhweli abehla emva kwabo babe nesithuba esivulekileyo sokumisa; bona isihlwele sityumza kwaye siphila nge stampede.

Ukuwa kwenyathelo, ukungaphumeleli kweplate yomgangatho, kunye nemigibe evulekileyo ye-truss-pit¶

Indlela inyathelo elaphukileyo elijika ngayo ipleyiti yokumisa ibe yitrapdoor¶

Inyathelo ngalinye leescalator sisibiyeli se-aluminiyam e-die-cast eqengqelekayo kumavili amane e-polyurethane ecaleni kweengoma zentsimbi ngaphakathi kwi-truss. Ukudinwa kwesinyithi, ukubola kwetyuwa yendlela, okanye inkunkuma esendleleni inokuqhekeza ingalo yokuxhasa inyathelo okanye iqhekeze irola, ibangele iingozi ezimbini ezilandelelanayo:

1. Isithuba esiphakathi kwinqwelomoya: Umsantsa oxande uyavuleka phakathi kwezinyuko, uveze iirodi ze-asi ze-axle. Ukuba umlenze uwela kwinyathelo elidilikayo phakathi kwenqwelomoya, inyathelo elishukumayo lithwala umlenze ovalelekileyo ukuya kwipleyiti yekama emileyo njengokucheba.
2. Iplate yomgangatho wokumisa: Xa inyathelo elibotshiweyo okanye elithambekileyo lifika kwindawo yokumisa, ingqubeka ngamandla kumqadi wepleyiti yentsimbi eqinileyo. Kwiiyunithi apho iipleyiti zofikelelo eziluxande eziluxande olungenastainless-steel zibanjwa phantsi kuphela ngumxhuzulane okanye izikrufu ezidlekileyo, olongquzulwano ibhaka ipleyiti yekama ukuya phezulu kwaye ikhuphe iipleyiti zomgangatho wesinyithi ngaphandle kwesakhelo sazo, iwisa nabani na ome kuzo ngqo kwigiya ejikelezayo ephambili yenkunzi ngaphakathi kumngxuma womatshini ophezulu.

Ukuhlangula kwisinyathelo esidilikileyo okanye umgodi wokumisa ovulekileyo¶

1. Betha iqhosha elibomvu le-Emergency Stop phambi kokuba uchukumise ixhoba: Ezona ndawo ziphambili zokuqhuba ngaphakathi kumngxuma ongaphezulu zijikeleza ngamandla awoneleyo ukutsala umhlanguli ukuba i-motor isenamandla.
2. Tsala umkhweli ovaleleke kwipleyiti yomgangatho wokumisa ngasemva kuphela emva kokuba umatshini efile: Ziqinise kumgangatho wesakhiwo oqinileyo (ungaze ushiye iipleyiti zokufikelela zentsimbi) uze utsalele ixhoba ulinyuse ngamakhwapha okanye ngebhanti.
3. Vala eyona ndawo ingundoqo yokuqhawula umbane kwigumbi lomatshini: Iinjineli zezakhiwo ezithe ngqo okanye abacimi-mlilo ukuze baphose eyona nxalenye iphambili ye-circuit breaker e-**** (I-Lockout/Tagout).

Uncedo lokuqala lokwenzakala kwe-escalator: degloving, crush, and step-cleat lacerations¶

Ukunyanga i-aluminiyam ebukhali-ebukhali imityambo¶

Izinyuko ezizihambelayo zijulwa ngobunzulu, iimbambo ezithe nkqo emxinwa (cleats) eyilelwe ukudityaniswa nepleyiti yekama. Ukuwa phantsi kwe-escalator ngokuqhelekileyo ivelisa imivimbo enzulu, ehambelanayo, e-scalloped kwi-shins, i-kneecaps, ibunzi, ibunzi, kunye ne-scalp eqhekeza ngokuthe ngqo ethanjeni:

• Lawula ukopha ngoxinzelelo oluqinileyo, olumcaba lweyasuyasu: Ungazami ukuchola amaqhekeza egrisi emnyama yezitebhisi okanye igrit yealuminiyam kwindawo enzulu okanye umngxuma wentloko kwindawo yexhwayelo. Beka i-gauze pads engqingqwa engqindilili phezu kweesikeki ezihambelanayo kwaye uyisonge ngokuqinileyo ngebhandeji elastiki eliqengqelekayo; bona ukopha kakhulu.
• Zinzisa umonzakalo okrokrelekayo womnqonqo kunye nasentloko: Abakhweli abajulwe ngasemva kwi-escalator ngexesha lokumisa ngequbuliso ibrake okanye ukubuyisela umva bebaleka rhoqo kwisiseko sokakayi okanye womlomo wesibeleko kumancam abukhali. Ukuba umkhweli owileyo kwindawo ephantsi ephantsi unentlungu yentamo, ukudideka, ukuphazamiseka kumalungu, okanye ukulahlekelwa yingqondo, ** qinisekisa ukuba i-escalator imisiwe kuqala **, ngoko uzinzise intloko kunye nentamo yabo ngesandla ngokuhambelana ne-torso yabo ngaphandle kokuyijija ngaphandle kokuba kufuneka ubatsale emacaleni ngaphandle kwemfumba esebenzayo yomntu; bona ukwenzakala entloko kwaye ukwenzakala komqolo.
• Ggquma imisipha evuliweyo kunye nethambo ngezinxibo zetyuwa ezinetyuwa efumileyo: Ukuba isihlangu serabha kunye nolusu lukhutshiwe elunyaweni (degloving), gquma izicubu ezikrwada ngobunono ngeyasuyasu eliyinyumba elifakelwe ngetyuwa eqhelekileyo (okanye amanzi asebhotileni acocekileyo) kwaye usonge kancinci ngepadding eyomileyo eninzi. Ungaze unqumle i-flap yolusu esele ibotshelelwe yibhulorho yethishu; yilalise ngobunono phezu kwebhedi yenxeba phezu kweyasuyasu yetyuwa emanzi. Musa ukuzama ukulungisa i-ankle ephothiweyo okanye i-forefoot etyumkileyo; iphedi ejikeleze unyawo olugwenxa kunye neetawuli ezisongiweyo; bona amathambo aphukileyo kwaye umothuko.

Iinombolo zengingqi zikaxakeka kunye neeprothokholi ze-arhente¶

Xa ucela uncedo ngexesha lokuhamba kwe-escalator, ukuwa kwesinyathelo, okanye ukuguqulwa kobunzima bokulimala, hlala uthi "Umntu obanjwe ngomatshini kwi-escalator, thumela iSebe loMlilo olunzima lokuHlangulwa koBugcisa" ngoko abathumeli bathumela i-hydraulic extrication rigs kunye ne-paramedics. 'Yabona amanani kaxakeka kubalawuli bamazwe ngamazwe.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho¶

Liphi iqhosha elibomvu le-Emergency Stop elikwi-escalator, kwaye ngaba ulicofa lijule abakhweli kwizinyuko?¶

Kuzo zonke izitepusi ezithobela ikhowudi kunye nendlela ehambayo ehambayo, iqhosha elibomvu le-Emergency Stop lixhonywa kuzo zombini iindawo zokumisa phezulu nasezantsi kumphambili ongezantsi okanye kwicala langaphakathi le-handrail balustrade post entsha, malunga neesentimitha ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-90 (ii-intshi eziyi-12 ukuya kwezingama-36) ngaphezulu komgangatho (ngamanye amaxesha ngasemva kwe-hinged ecacileyo ye-hinged). Ukucofa iqhosha kusike amandla kwimoto yokuqhuba kwaye kubandakanye isiqhoboshi senkonzo, izise amanyathelo kwindawo yokuma egudileyo ngaphezu kwe-0.3 ukuya kwi-0.9 yeemitha (1 ukuya kwi-3 iinyawo) yokuhamba. Ungaze ucofe iqhosha njengeprank okanye ukubuyisela izinto eziwisiweyo, kodwa licinezele ngaphandle kokuthandabuza ukuba isihlangu, isambatho, okanye ilungu lomzimba libanjiwe okanye ukuba umntu uthe wawa ngakwipleyiti yekama.

Kutheni le nto iiclogs ezithambileyo zegwebu njengeCrocs kunye neebhutsi zerabha zemvula zinokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba zifunxeke kwi-escalator kunezihlangu zesikhumba okanye iiteki?¶

Izihlangu zesikhumba ezomeleleyo kunye nezihlangu eziqhelekileyo zineentsimbi zangaphandle eziqinileyo kunye nokukhuhlana okuphantsi ngokuchasene nentsimbi, ngoko ke zityibilika ngokungenabungozi kwisiketi esisecaleni sentsimbi okanye amazinyo epleyiti eneengile. Iibhlokhi ze-EVA ezithambileyo ze-foam kunye neebhutsi zemvula eziguquguqukayo zerabha zidibanisa i-high surface grip (stiction) ngokuchasene nentsimbi enobunzima obuphantsi kakhulu besakhiwo. Xa umntwana ebrasha icala okanye uzwane lwesihlangu esithambileyo esinogwebu kwisiketi esisecaleni esimileyo, ukukhuhlana kubamba irabha yentsinjana, isonge ibhokisi yenzwane ethambileyo ibe mcaba, aze atsale isihlangu neenzwane zomntwana kwisithuba seemilimitha ezi-4 (0.16-intshi) phakathi kwenyathelo elishukumayo kunye nepaneli yesiketi sentsimbi.

Ngaba kukhuselekile ukunyuka okanye ukwehla kwizitebhisi ezizimiyo eziye zacinywa kwaye zavalwa ngeecones ezityheli?¶

Ukuhamba kwi-escalator emisiweyo evalelwe ukulungiswa kuyingozi ngenxa yezizathu ezibini. Okokuqala, ukuba i-escalator ibanjwe kuphela yi-motor brake egugileyo okanye iqhuba umsebenzi we-drive-chain ngaphandle kwe-mechanical lock-locks efakiweyo, ubunzima babahambi ngeenyawo behamba kwizinyathelo banokoyisa ukukhuhla okumileyo kwegiya yokuqhuba kwaye kubangele ukuba izinyuko zibuyele ngasemva ngaphandle kwesilumkiso. Okwesibini, izinyusi ezithe nkqo ziyi-20 ukuya kwi-24 yeesentimitha (8 ukuya kwi-9.5 i-intshi) ubude, ziphakame kunezinyuko eziqhelekileyo zokwakha, zenza ingozi enkulu yohambo kwi-aluminiyam ebukhali. Ngalo lonke ixesha sebenzisa izinyuko zesakhiwo ezisisigxina okanye i-elevator xa izitepsi ezizihambelayo zivaliwe.

Kutheni le nto umkhandi wesakhiwo engafanele asibuyise kancinane isizili-jitha esizihambelayo umva unyawo lomntwana olubanjiweyo luphume kwipleyiti yekama?¶

I-escalator step chain kunye ne-drive gears ine-slack mechanical (backlash), kwaye inyathelo eliye laxina ngonyawo ngaphakathi kwepleyiti ye-comb okanye i-skirt esecaleni sele igobile ngaphandle kokulungelelaniswa. Ukuba umkhandi unika amandla imotor yombane enetorque ephezulu ukujikela umva, inyathelo lealuminiyam eliqhathiweyo licoca litshintsha ngokuthe nkqo okanye licokiseke ngokuthe nkqi kumazinyo ekama amileyo phambi kokuba abuyele ngasemva, ukucheba ngeenzwane ezityumkileyo okanye ukuhluba ulusu kunye nemisipha ethanjeni. Kuphela ngamagcisa ohlangulo esebe lomlilo asebenzisa iziklintshi zesandla kunye nezisasazo zehydraulic emva kokuvalwa kombane ngokupheleleyo ekufuneka kukhulule ilungu elibambekayo.

Yintoni ebangela ukuba isitephusi esinyukayo sijike ngesiquphe kwicala eliya ngakulo kwaye sikhawulezise ngasemva, kwaye kutheni iqhosha elibomvu le-Emergency Stop lingayeki?¶

Ukubuyela umva kwecala lendawo yokubaleka kwenzeka xa isitephusi esinyukayo sigcwele ngaphezulu ngabakhweli kwaye mhlawumbi isiliphu senkonzo ephambili yeziqhoboshi okanye ikhonkco lokuqhuba elidibanisa injini yombane kwizinyuko ezingaphezulu. Kwiizitepsi ezindala ezingenazo iziqhoboshi ezincedisayo ezifakwe ngqo kwisiteyiphuphu esikhulu esingaphezulu, ikhonkco lokuqhuba eliqhawukileyo likhupha izinyuko zabakhweli kwimoto kunye nebhuleki yayo. Ngenxa yokuba iqhosha elibomvu le-Emergency Stop lisika kuphela amandla kwi-motor kwaye lifake i-motor brake, ukucofa iqhosha alinako ukumisa amanyathelo xa ikhonkco lokuqhuba ngokwalo lophukile; umxhuzulane utsala amanyathelo alayishiweyo ngasemva de ubunzima bufike emazantsi.

*Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngeenkqubo zokusinda kunye nokwenzakala kwimo engxamisekileyo ye-escalator kwaye asithathi ndawo yoqeqesho lwezonyango. Cinga ngokugqiba uncedo lokuqala, i-CPR, kunye ne-Stop the Bleed tourniquet course ngokusebenzisa uMnqamlezo oBomvu, iSt John Ambulance, okanye inkonzo yonyango olungxamisekileyo lwengingqi yakho.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• I-escalator entrapment kunye nokulimala kwendlela yokuhamba
• Ixesha likaxakeka kwi-elevator
• Isihlwele sityumza kunye nokusinda kwe-stampede
• Ukopha kakhulu
• Ukulimala kweCrush kunye ne-compartment syndrome

Imithombo kunye nezikhokelo ezisemthethweni¶

• Umbutho waseMelika weeNjineli zoomatshini (i-ASME, eUnited States) kunye neQela le-CSA (eCanada): ASME A17.1 / CSA B44 Ikhowudi yoKhuseleko yezinyusi kunye nezinyusi
• IKomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yoMthengi waseU.S. (CPSC, eUnited States): Isilumkiso soKhuseleko lukaWonke-wonke kwiiNgozi zokuHamba kweziEscalator eziBandakanya izihlangu ezithambileyo zeResin, imitya yokutsala, kunye neenqwelo zokuhamba
• IKomiti yaseYurophu yokuMisela (i-CEN, i-European Union) kunye neZiko leMigangatho yaseBritani (BSI, eUnited Kingdom): * EN 115-1 uKhuseleko lwee-Escalators kunye nokuHamba okuHambayo: Ukwakhiwa kunye nokuFakela *
• UMlawuli wezeMpilo kunye noKhuseleko (HSE, eUnited Kingdom): Ukusetyenziswa ngokuKhuselekileyo kwee-Escalators kunye neeNdlela ezihambahambayo kwiiNdawo zoLuntu kunye nezoRhwebo (iMimiselo yokuPhakamisa kunye neZixhobo zokuPhakamisa / isiKhokelo sePUWER)
• I-National Elevator Industry, Inc. (NEII, United States) kunye neSiseko soKhuseleko lwe-Escalator ye-Escalator (EESF): I-Escalator yokuQala i-Escalator Extrication kunye ne-Lockout / i-Tagout yoBuchwephesha yoBuchule