Ukuqhuma kwePuffback yesithando somlilo se-oyile, i-Black Soot Fallout, kunye nokuSeta kwakhona iiNgozi zamaqhosha¶

Xa iziko lokuhlala elibaswe ngeoli, kwibhoyila yehydronic (ukuvuthela kweradiyetha yomphunga kunye nebhoyila ye-hydronic yokhuseleko lwamanzi aphantsi), okanye isifudumezi samanzi se-oyile sifumana ukulibaziseka komlilo okanye umbhobho wesibambi oqhawuke kancinci, ongatshiswanga yi-atom #2 i-oyile yokufudumeza yasekhaya iqokelelana ngaphakathi kwigumbi lokutshisa elitshisayo le-refractory de intlantsi ibambe ilifu lomphunga kwaye ibangele ukugqabhuka kwegumbi lokutsha elinobundlobongela elaziwa ngokuba sisitshisi klzzwh:0003. Ngamanye amaxesha i-puffback iyenzeka njengendudumo enye BOOM"* kumgangatho ongaphani evuthela umbhobho womsi wentsimbi (i-flue breeching) kanye ukusuka eludongeni lwetshimini kwaye ithumele umothuko kwiibhodi zomgangatho; Ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka njengothotho lokuzola, ukukhukulisa i-mini-puffbacks kwimpelaveki yonke empompa igrisi, i-electrostatically charges i-black petroleum soot webs kuyo yonke irejista yokufudumeza komoya oshushu endlwini, ukugquma lonke udonga, ikhaphethi, isilingi, ikhethini, kunye nesofa kwintsalela encangathi yekhabhoni emnyama (Ukuvuza kwetanki yeoli kunye nokuchitheka kwe-oyile yokufudumeza).

Okuyingozi ngakumbi, abaninimzi ngokwabo ngengozi babangela uqhushumbo lweoyile eyonakalisayo kunye nomlilo ongaphantsi komhlaba ngexesha likaxakeka lasebusika elingenabushushu (akukho bushushu ebusika) ngokwenza impazamo enye ebulalayo: ukuhamba phantsi ukuya kwisitshisi seoli esibandayo kwaye ** ucofa iqhosha elibomvu elithi "RESET" phezu kwebhokisi yolawulo oluphambili ezimbini, ezintathu, okanye ezine ngokulandelelana . Ngalo lonke ixesha ucinezela iqhosha elibomvu lokusetha kwakhona xa isitshisi sihluleka ukukhanya, i-high-pressure oil pump sprays ** 45 ukuya kwi-60 imizuzwana yolwelo oluluhlaza, olungatshisiyo # 2 yeoli ye-fuel (kwi-700 ukuya kwi-1,000 kilopascals / 100 ukuya kwi-140 PSI) ** ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo ephantsi yegumbi lokutshisa i-ceramic. Ukuba ucofa iqhosha lokuseta kwakhona elibomvu izihlandlo ezithathu kwaye ilinge lesine ekugqibeleni livuthe idangatye, ngoku kukho isiqingatha selitha (16 ounces) samafutha edizili elulwelo olukrwada adityaniswe ngaphakathi kwibhokisi yomlilo, ujike iziko lakho libe ngumlilo ogqumayo, ongalawulekiyo umlilo we-oyile onyibilikisa umbhobho ophuphumayo, uqhekeze isifudumezi sobushushu ngaphezulu, kwaye ulayite i-basement joists. Ukuba usiva isandi esikhulu esisuka kumgangatho ongaphantsi, ubone umsi okanye umsizi omnyama uphuma kwindawo yokufudumeza, okanye ukuba ialam yecarbon monoxide iyakhala, jika isitshisi seSitshisi esiBomvu esibomvu phezulu kwizinyuko ezisezantsi uye OFF**, khupha wonke umntu ongaphandle, kwaye ufowunele ingingqi yakho. amanani kaxakeka (Ama-911 eUnited States naseKhanada, ali-112 kulo lonke iManyano yaseYurophu, angama-999 eUnited Kingdom). Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngeenkqubo ezingxamisekileyo zenyathelo ngenyathelo lokuvala iziko leoyile ngokukhuselekileyo emva kokuvuthuza, qonda umgaqo ongqongqo othi "One-Press Rule" kwiqhosha lokuseta kabusha iseli ebomvu yecad, uhlole imibhobho evuthelweyo kunye nokuvuza kwecarbon monoxide, kwaye uphephe ukuthambisa umsizi wepetroleum onamafutha kwimigangatho yendlu enemingxuma ngexesha lokucoca.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

Ukuba usandula ukuva isandi esikhulu okanye i-boom engxolayo evela kwiziko le-oyile esezantsi / kwibhoyila, ukuba i-soot emnyama efana ne-cobweb iyadada iphuma kwiirejista zakho zokufudumeza, okanye ukuba isitshisi sakho se-oyile sivalile kukuvalwa kokhuseleko, yenza ezi zenzo zintandathu ngoko nangoko:

1. Flip RED EMERGENCY OIL BURNER SWITCH (ebekwe phezulu kwizinyuko ezisezantsi okanye eludongeni ngaphandle kwegumbi lezinto ezisetyenziswayo) UKUVALA ngoko nangoko: Lonke ufakelo lokufudumeza ioyile oluthobela ikhowudi lunoguqulo obomvu oqaqambileyo Ipleyiti ephawulwe "I-OIL BURNER EMERGENCY SWITCH" okanye uvale nje isiseko socango phezu kwakho (ungaze uvale nje phezulu kwindawo osebenza kuyo) kufuneka uhambe phantsi ungene kwindawo engaphantsi komsi-okanye ezaliswe ngumsi ukubulala amandla kwimpompo yeoli kunye nemoto yokutshisa. Yijike uye ku-OFF* ngoku.
2. Ukuba ubona umsi, ivumba le-oyile etshisayo, yiva ukugquma ngaphakathi kwitshimini, okanye ukuba i-alamu yakho yeCarbon Monoxide (CO) iyakhala, PHUMELA endlwini ngoko nangoko kwaye ufowunele u-911 (okanye 112/999) ngaphandle: I-oyile ivuthela i-oyile rhoqo ivuthela i-15-to-20-centimeter (6-to-galvandampered steel pipe) ngaphandle kwesithando somlilo okanye ngaphandle kodonga lwetshimini yezitena, ukumpompa iigesi ezivuthayo kunye ** nekhabhoni ebulalayo ye-carbon monoxide ** ngqo endlwini ngelixa amathontsi e-oyile evuthayo atshisa isilingi engaphantsi. Musa ukuvula umnyango wokuhlola isithando somlilo; phuma kwaye uvumele isebe lomlilo lihlole iyunithi kunye neekhamera zokucinga ze-thermal.
3. UNGAZE ucinezele iQhosha lokuSeta kwakhona eliBomvu kwibhokisi yokulawula isitshisi se-oyile ngaphezulu KANYE: Ukuba indlu yakho iyabanda nje (No Heat) kwaye AKUKHO puffback, umsi, okanye ivumba le-oyile, uvumelekile ukuba ucinezele iqhosha lokuseta kwakhona elibomvu ngexesha elinye. Ukuba isitshisi siyancwina imizuzwana eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-45 kwaye sivale umva ngaphandle kokuhlala sikhanyisiwe (okanye i-chugs kunye sitshaya), YIMA NGOKUNGOKO UZE UNGAKUCONZE IXESHA LESIBINI. Ukucofa iqhosha lokuseta kwakhona okwesibini okanye okwesithathu kumpompa i-oyile ekrwada yokufudumeza ulwelo kwibhokisi yomlilo ngaphandle kokuyitshisa, ukuseta ugqabhuko-dubulo lwe-puffback obundlobongela okanye umlilo ochasayo ngethuba igcisa lifumana i-spark electrode isebenza.
4. Ukuba iziko sele livuthele uthuthu olumnyama kwiminyango yendlu yakho, SUKUchukumisa, usule, okanye uhlambe uthuthu olumnyama ngamanzi okanye izicoci zokutshiza zendlu : Uthuthu lwesitshizi se-oyile alulo uthuthu lomthi owomileyo; yi-aerosol yekhabhoni enamafutha, eneasidi, enehydrocarbon. Ngephanyazo uhlikihla isipontshi esimanzi, itawuli yephepha, okanye ukucoca isitshizi kwi-oyile eyomileyo kwi-drywall epeyintiweyo, iphepha lodonga, ikhethini, okanye i-upholstery, uthambisa i-oyile emnyama yepetroleum nzulu kwimibhobho yepeyinti kunye nemicu yelaphu, ujike ifilimu engacociyo ibe libala leoli elimnyama elihlala lihlala lifuna ukupeyintwa okanye ukubuyisela into.
5. Jika isitshixo esisembindini se-thermostat yefeni ON ukuya AUTO (kwaye ugcine iRed Emergency Switch OFF) ngoko ke isivutheli siyayeka ukujikelezisa uthuthu kumagumbi acocekileyo: Vala iingcango zangaphakathi kuwo nawaphi na amagumbi okulala angekaqatywa kakhulu umle, kwaye ubeke itawuli endala ngaphaya kweerejista zomgangatho ukunqanda imisinga yomoya eshiyekileyo ekudada kuyo imidi engaphezulu kwigumbi.
6. Faka i-NIOSH N95/P100 yesiphefumlo esinenxalenye kunye neeglavu ze-nitrile ngaphambi kokuba uhambe kwindawo engaphantsi okanye kwigumbi elingcolisekileyo: Amasuntswana omsizi wesitshisi seoyile (PM2.5 kunye ne-ultrafine carbon black egqunywe kwi-polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons, PAHs, kunye ne-sulfuric acid condensate) zihlala zixhonywe emoyeni wegumbi iiyure kwaye zingene nzulu kwi-alveoli yemiphunga yomntu, ibangele ukuhlaselwa kwesifuba esibukhali kunye ne-bronchitis.

Umthi wesigqibo: isitshisi se-oyile asitshixwanga sitshixekile, ugqabhuko-dubulo lwe-puffback, kunye ne-soot fallout triage.¶

Landela lo mthi wesigqibo sokusebenza nanini na xa iziko elibaswe ngeoyile okanye ibhoyila licima, linuka njengepetroli ekrwada, okanye lisiva ugqabhuko-dubulo.

flowchart TD
    Start["Iziko le-oyile / iNgxakeko yeBoiler: i-Puffback Boom, i-Black Soot, okanye i-No-Heat Lockout"] --> SymptomType{"1. Kwenzeka ntoni?"}

    SymptomType -->|"A. I-BOOM Engxolayo / Ukuduma + Umsi, Ukuvutha kwe-oyile, okanye iiWebhu zoMvulo oMnyama endlwini"| PuffbackEmergency["UMTHETHO OSEBENZAYO / UMTHETHO WOKUVUTHWA KWEFLUE:; 1. Jika iSitshisi sesitshisi esiXhwatshazayo seRED (ngaphezulu kwezitephusi ezisezantsi) UKUVALA; 2. Sukungena kwigumbi elingaphantsi xa kukho umsi; khupha usapho kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya ngaphandle; 3. Fowunela i-911 / iSebe loMlilo ukujonga umlilo weoyile kwibhokisi yomlilo kunye nombhobho oqhawukayo oqhawulweyo; 4. Vala itanki ye-oyile yobhedu yokuvala ivalve (i-Fireomatic) xa sele icocwe liSebe loMlilo"]

    SymptomType -->|"B. Indlu Iyabanda (Akukho Bushushu) + Isitshisi Sithule (Akukho Msi, Akukho Boom)"| InspectBeforeReset["UKUSETSHA PHAMBI KWEXESHA UKHUSELEKO (Phambi kokuchukumisa iQhosha eliBomvu):; 1. Jonga i-Oil Tank Gauge: Ngaba kukho ubuncinane i-1/4 yetanki yeoli?; 2. Ukunukisa kufuphi neziko: Ingaba kukho ivumba eliqinileyo ledizili ekrwada okanye idizili yeoli emgangathweni?; 3. Jonga umbhobho weflue & nedrafti yomlawuli: Ngaba umbhobho wokukhupha ucocekile kwaye uncanyathiselwe?"]

    InspectBeforeReset --> SafeToPress{"Ingaba ikhona ioyile etankini, ZERO raw fuel smell/puddle, kwaye ucinezele Seta ZERO amaxesha namhlanje?"}

    SafeToPress -->|"Hayi: Sele ucinezelekile kube kanye, OKANYE inuka ngathi sisibaso esikrwada, OKANYE i-oyile iyabonakala"| LockoutStop["YIMA; MUSA UKUCINEZA IQHOSHA LOKUSETHA :; Igumbi lokutshisa sele limanzi nge-oyile engatshiswanga #2.; Flip Red Emergency Cima kwaye ubize igcisa lokutshisa ioyile ukumpompa/ukutshisa igumbi ngokukhuselekileyo."]

    SafeToPress -->|"Ikho:Itanki ine-oyile, umsi onguziro, umzamo wokuqala kuphela"| OnePressRule["'UMGAQO OKUQINISEKILE':; Cofa iQhosha lokuSeta kwakhona eliBomvu ngokuqinileyo KANYE kwaye ubuye umva.; - Ukuba i-burner ilayita ngokutyibilikayo & ihlala isebenza: Gada i-10 min.; - Ukuba isitshisi siyancwina kwaye ucofe kwakhona OFF emva kwe-15-45 imizuzwana: YIMA. Flip Emergency Switch OFF & call tech."]

    PuffbackEmergency --> SootTriage["IMIGAQO YOKUCOCWA KWE-SOOT POST-PUFFBACK :; 1. UNGAZE usule umsizi ngamanzi okanye isitshizi sasekhaya (uthambisa i-oyile ngokusisigxina); 2. I-vacuum yomsizi odadayo NGAPHANDLE kokuchukumisa isincamathelisi sebrashi kwilaphu/endonga; 3. Sebenzisa irabha eVulcanized Irabha eyomileyo 'Iziponji zeMichiza eyomileyo' ezindongeni/kwisilingi"]

Ukuntywila nzulu 1: Ubuxhakaxhaka bePuffback yesiTshisi se-oyile (Kutheni isenzeka kunye nendlela yokubona iimpawu ezi-4 ezilumkisayo)¶

Ngokungafaniyo nerhasi yendalo (esele ingumphunga ochitha itshimini), #2 i-oyile yokufudumeza yasekhaya (efana namafutha edizili angekho endleleni) lulwelo olunzima lwehydrocarbon engenako ukutshisa njengedizi lolwelo. Ukutshisa ngokucocekileyo, isitshisi se-oyile kufuneka senze i-atomize i-oyile elulwelo ibe yinkungu encinci exutywe nomoya wefeni yesantya esiphezulu kwaye iyitshise kwiqhezu lesekondi yokuphuma kumbhobho wobhedu.

Isitshisi se-oyile esivuzayo senzeka ngalo lonke ixesha ukutshisa kulibaziseka nokuba yimizuzwana emi-2 (okanye nanini na i-oyile elulwelo ithontsiza kwibhokisi yomlilo eshushu emva kokuba isitshisi sicimile), ivumela ilifu elishinyeneyo lenkungu yeoyile engumphunga ukuba igcwalise yonke intsimbi okanye isitshintshi sobushushu sentsimbi phambi kokuba intlantsi okanye ilahle elishushu livuthe ilifu ngaxeshanye:

Ukuntywila nzulu 2: Yintoni omawuyijonge kwigumbi elingaphantsi emva kokutshixa kwesitshisi seoyile (Ngaphandle kokuchukumisa iqhosha elibomvu lokusetha kwakhona kabini)¶

Xa iziko le-oyile yakho okanye ibhoyila iyeka ukusebenza ngobusuku obubandayo basebusika, kukho iitshekhi ezine ezikhuselekileyo ezibonwa ngumninikhaya anokuthi azenze kwimizuzu emi-3 phambi kokuba athathe isigqibo sokucofa iqhosha lokuseta kwakhona ixesha elinye elivumelekileyo okanye afowunele igcisa likaxakeka:

   [ANATOMY OF A RESIDENTIAL OIL BURNER & ITS 3 EMERGENCY SHUTOFFS]

   1. UPSTAIRS / STAIRWAY:   [RED EMERGENCY TOGGLE SWITCH] (Cuts 120V power)
   2. AT OIL TANK / BURNER:  [BRASS 'FIREOMATIC' THERMAL SHUTOFF VALVE] (Cuts fuel)
   3. ON BURNER MOTOR BOX:   [PRIMARY CONTROL & RED RESET BUTTON]
                             (STRICT RULE: Press ONCE only; never 2-3 times)

1. Jonga oku-1: Fumana iTwitshi eNgxamisekileyo eBomvu kwaye uQinisekise ukuba akukho namnye umntu oye wayicima ngengozi:
2. Ngenxa yokuba ubomvu "I-OIL BURNER SWITCH EMERGENCY SWITCH" ixhonywe phezulu kwizinyuko ezingaphantsi okanye ecaleni kodonga lwepaseji engaphantsi ekunene kumphakamo wamagxa, abantwana, iindwendwe, okanye umntu ophethe ibhaskithi yokuhlamba usoloko eyiphosakele kwiswitshi yokukhanya engaphantsi kwaye uyijikelezise ukuya. OFF. Ukuba utshintsho luyiyo OFF, ndiyiphethule kwakhona ON ibuyisela ubushushu ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuchukumisa isitshisi.
3. Jonga i-2: Funda i-Plastic Float Gauge ecacileyo Phezulu kwe-1,000-Liter (275-Gallon) yeTanki yeoli (kwaye wenze "uVavanyo lweTap"):
4. Hamba uye kwitanki yakho yentsimbi yokufudumeza kwaye ujonge igeyiji yeplastiki ecacileyo yesilinda ngaphezulu (Full - 3/4 - 1/2 - 1/4 - Empty).
5. Lumkela iGauji yeFloat eStuck: itanki yeplastiki elayishwe entwasahlobo idada rhoqo 1/4 xa itanki yomile ngokwenene. Cofa kwicala lebhotile yeplastiki ecacileyo kancinci ngamaqupha akho: ukuba isiphawuli esibomvu siyehla E (okanye ukuba unkqonkqoza kwicala elingezantsi letanki yentsimbi ngequpha lakho kuvelisa isandi segubu elikhalayo elinomngxuma endaweni yesithonga esiluthuntu), uphelelwe yioyile yokufudumeza.
6. (Emergency Diesel Fuel Tip: Kuba #2 i-oyile yokufudumeza ekhaya ifana ngokwekhemikhali ne-ultra-low-sulfur #2 highway fuel diesel okanye i-kerosene, yahluke kuphela kwidayi ebomvu engayihlawuliyo irhafu, ukuba itanki yakho iyoma ngobusuku beholide eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo, ungacima isitshisi somlilo, ugalele i-20 to5 gallons ecocekileyo ukugalela iilitha ezingama-20 ukuya kwe-5 I-Fuel okanye i-K-1 Kerosene esuka kwiitoti zamafutha ezityheli ukuya kumbhobho wakho wangaphandle wokuzalisa i-oyile usebenzisa ifaneli, linda imizuzu engama-20 ukuze intlenga yetanki esezantsi izinze, kwaye wophe umoya ngaphandle kwevalve yempompo yokukhupha igazi ukugcina imibhobho yakho ingakhenkcezi de ifike ilori yeoli.)
7. Jonga i-3: Hlola i-Brass "Fireomatic" iValve yoKhuseleko lwe-Thermal kwisihluzi se-Oyile kunye neSitshisi:
8. Kumgca weoli yobhedu ephuma ngaphantsi kwetanki yeoli yakho (kwaye kwakhona ngakwesokudla apho umgca weoli wobhedu ungena kwimpompo yokutshisa) uhlala i-valve encinci yobhedu ene-**notched round wheel ebanjwe evulekileyo nge-spring-loaded lead solder tip ** ebizwa ngokuba ** I-Fireomatic (I-Fusible Link) i-Valve ** (yenzelwe ukunyibilika kwi-75 ° C ngexesha lokucima umlilo kwi-75 ° C kunye ne-1m ye-slam).
9. Ukuba kukho umntu obethe elo vili lingqukuva ngomtshayelo okanye ibhokisi, umthombo uyaliqhawula livaleke lize liyibhubhise impompo yeoli yesibaso. Jika ivili lobhedu elinenotshi ngasekunene ukuya ngasentwasahlobo kwaye uhuge inotshi ngasemva phezu kwephini eliphakathi ukuze uvule ukuhamba kwamafutha kwakhona.
10. Jonga isi-4: Hlola iShithi-Metal Exhaust Flue Pipe kunye neBarometric Damper:
11. Jonga kumbhobho wokukhupha wentsimbi ophuma ngasemva kwiziko ukuya kwitshimini yezitena, kwaye ujonge ujingi olujikelezayo ibhapathi ye-Barometric Draft Regulator exhonywe kwicandelo le-T lalo mbhobho.
12. Ukuba ubona iwebhu ezimnyama zomsizi ezijingayo zijinga kwiflap yedamper, ukuba naliphi na ilungu lombhobho wokukhupha intsimbi liphume lakhululeka, okanye ukuba uva ivumba le-oyile yamafutha ekrwada engekatshi ejikeleze iyunithi, USUKU cofa iqhosha lokuseta ngokutsha. Shiya utshintsho olungxamisekileyo OFF kwaye ubize igcisa.

Ukuntywila nzulu 3: Indlela igcisa elitshisa ngayo ngokukhuselekileyo igumbi lokutsha (Kwaye kutheni ungaze uvule umnyango wegumbi ngelixa udubula)¶

Kwenzeka ntoni xa umninindlu evuma kwigcisa le-HVAC elifikayo, "Ndicofe iqhosha elibomvu lokusetha ngokutsha kahlanu phambi kokuba ndikufowunele"? - Ngelo xesha, i-ceramic fiber okanye igumbi lokutshisa i-firebrick ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo liqukethe ** i-250 ukuya kwi-500 milliliters (1 ukuya kwii-2 iikomityi) zolwelo oluhlaza # 2 ioli yokufudumeza ** efakwe phantsi kunye neendonga zebhokisi lomlilo. - Ingcali ilicoca njani igumbi leoli elizele zizikhukula ngokukhuselekileyo: 1. Igcisa liqale livale iswitshi yamandla ombane, lijiwuze livule isitshisi sompu, likhupha ingubo/inkunkuma ethotyiweyo ejijekileyo ye-oyile ejijekileyo okanye amadiba kusetyenziswa iipadi ezifunxa ioyile, kwaye ihlola isitshintshisi sobushushu kunye nombhobho weflue. 2. Phambi kokudubula kwakhona, igcisa liqhawula okanye livale umgca wokubonelela ngeoyile yobhedu/solenoid (ngoko umlomo awunakutshiza nayiphi na ioyile entsha kwigumbi) okanye ufakele umbhobho omncinci ongu-0.40-GPH, ukhusela umnyango wokuhlola kunye nombhobho woflue ngokuqinileyo, kwaye uqhuba ukutsha okulawulwayo phantsi kohlalutyi lomlilo oluqhubekayo kunye ne-CO yokujonga umlilo. de i-oyile eseleyo ibhakwe kwiindonga zeceramic ibe ngumphunga kwaye itshise itshimini ngaphezulu kwemizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40. 3. Isilumkiso Somninikhaya: Ungaze uvule ucango lwentsimbi yokuphonononga/yokucoca ngaphambili kwiziko le-oyile okanye kwibhoyila ngelixa igumbi elinozikhukhula livutha; ukungxamela ioksijini kwigumbi elitshisa kakhulu, elityebile ngamafutha lidala i-fireball yangoku backdraft fireball ngqo kumnyango wokuhlola ebusweni bakho.

Ukuntywila nzulu 4: Ukucocwa kwe-soot emnyama emva kwe-puffback-uyisusa njani i-oyile enamafutha ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa iindonga kunye nefenitshala¶

Xa ifuffback yesithando somlilo ithumela ilifu lomsizi omnyama kwizikroba zendlu yakho, amasuntswana ekhabhoni adibana kunye emoyeni ngomtsalane we-electrostatic ukwenza amatyathanga amade, athambileyo, amnyama bhuqe aziwa njenge "soot webs" okanye "soot tags" ejinga kwiisilingi, iindonga, kunye neekhethini. Ngenxa yokuba i-oyile yokufudumeza i-oyile inamafutha kunye ne-hydrophobic (egxotha amanzi)**, ukucoca indlu eqhelekileyo kutshabalalisa izinto zakho xa udibana. Landela i-IICRC yoMlilo kunye neProtokholi yoBuyiselo lomsi*:

Iinombolo zengingqi zikaxakeka kunye neeprothokholi ze-arhente¶

Ukuba isithando somlilo se-oyile sibangela umlilo ongaphantsi komhlaba, ukwahlulwa kombhobho, ukuvuza kwekhabhon monoxide, okanye ukuchitheka kweoyile yokufudumeza:

• EUnited States naseKhanada: Fowunela 911 (bona amanani kaxakeka) nangoko nakuphi na ukugqabhuka kwe-puffback, umsi, okanye i-alam ye-carbon monoxide. Ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zokutshisa i-oyile, imida yokuvala i-cad-cell flame-safeguard (i-15-to-45-yesibini ubuninzi bovavanyo lokutshisa), kunye nokucima okungxamisekileyo ukucima ukulawulwa yi NFPA 31 (uMgangatho woFakelo lwe-Oil-Burning Equipment), UL 296 (i-Oil ye-Oil ye-Code* ye-CSA)* Izixhobo zokutshisa i-oyile)** eKhanada. Qaphela ukuba phantsi kweepolisi ezininzi ze-inshurensi yabemi base-US / baseCanada (HO-3 / Iingozi ezibiziweyo "zomsi"), umonakalo owenziwe ngesiquphe nangengozi we-puffback soot ovela kwisixhobo sokufudumeza kwindawo yokuhlala yingozi ye-inshurensi egqunyiweyo: thatha iifoto ezicacileyo zesoot webs ezindongeni, iivenji, kunye neesilingi NGAPHAMBI kokutshayela, kwaye uqhagamshelane nomgca wokuthomalalisa.
• United Kingdom & Ireland: Fowunela 999 (okanye 112 e-Ireland) malunga nomlilo / iimeko zikaxakeka ze-CO. Kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni zase-UK naseNorthern Ireland / kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseIreland amakhaya afudunyezwe yi Kerosene (i-28-yesibini yokutshisa ioli) okanye i-Oli yeGas (i-35-yesibini ebomvu idizili) iibhoyila, ufakelo, i-valve yomlilo (KBB / Teddington thermal fire valve) ukhuseleko, kunye novavanyo lwe-post-puffback flue lulawulwa yi-OFTEring Approver ne-Technical Apps. Uxwebhu J*.
• ** I-European Union **: Fowunela ** 112 ** ngempendulo engxamisekileyo. Ulawulo lokhuseleko lwejethi yesitshisi seoyile (LOA / LMO photocell lockout boxes) kunye nokukhutshwa kweflue kulawulwa ngu EN 267 (Automatic Forced Draft Burners for Liquid Fuels) kunye DIN 4755.
• Ostreliya neNew Zealand: Fowunela 000 e-Australia okanye 111 eNew Zealand. Izixhobo zokufudumeza zamafutha alwelwe kufuneka zihambelane ne-AS/NZS 1691 (IziXhobo zaseKhaya eziBaselwe nge-Oyile - uFakelo) kunye ne-AS 1692.
• ** I-Indiya kunye ne-Asia-Pacific **: Fowunela ** 112 ** eIndiya okanye ** 119 ** eJapan naseMzantsi Korea. EMantla eJapan (iHokkaido kunye neTohoku), apho phantse zonke izindlu zisebenzisa izifudumezi ze-kerosene ezisisigxina ze-FF-heaters kunye nebhoyila yeoli (toyu boira), i-puffbacks yokulibaziseka ebusika (ijou chakuka) kunye nekhephu elivaliweyo lilawulwa phantsi kwe- Japan Oil-Burning Appliance Industry Association (JHIA)

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho¶

Kutheni le nto ukucofa iqhosha elibomvu lokusetha ngokutsha kwiziko le-oyile ngaphezu kwesinye kuyingozi kakhulu?¶

Ngalo lonke ixesha ucinezela iqhosha lokuseta kwakhona elibomvu kwibhokisi yokulawula i-oyile ephambili (efana ne-Honeywell, i-Beckett, okanye i-Carlin control), unyanzelisa ipompo yepetroli yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuba itshize i-atomized # 2 ioli yokufudumeza kwigumbi lokutshisa i-15 ukuya kwi-45 imizuzwana ngelixa uzama ukuyitshisa. Ukuba isitshisi asizange sikhanyise kwitry yokuqala kuba i-electrode yokuyitshisa imdaka okanye i-transformer ibuthathaka, loo nto imizuzwana engama-45 yesitshizi se-diesel ekrwada ye-diesel ihlala idibene ngaphakathi kwibhokisi yomlilo ye-ceramic. Ukuba ucofa iqhosha lokuseta kwakhona elibomvu okwesibini, okwesithathu, okanye okwesine, ukhukulisa ibhokisi yomlilo ngekomityi okanye ngaphezulu kweoyile yamafutha angatshiyo. Xa igcisa lilungisa intlantsi ekugqibeleni (okanye ukuba isixovulelo sesine sifumana intlantsi), yonke loooyile idityanisiweyo ivutha ngaxeshanye kugqabhuko-dubulo olunogonyamelo lwe-puffback okanye umlilo ongalawulekiyo weoli onokutshisa indlu.

Ngaba i-oyile ye-fuffback soot inetyhefu ukuphefumla okanye ukuyibamba?¶

Ewe, isitshisi se-oyile se-puffback soot siyingozi kakhulu kunothuthu lwendawo yomlilo eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba yenziwe ngokutshiswa okungaphelelanga kwe-oyile ye-petroleum ye- # 2 ye-petroleum distillate, i-microscopic carbon black particles (ezininzi ezincinci kune-2.5 microns, i-PM2.5) zigqunywe ngee-hydrocarbons zolwelo ezingatshiyo, ii-polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons (PAHs), kunye ne-acidic sulfur compounds. Ukuphefumla i-oyile ye-oyile ephuma emoyeni kubangela ukucaphuka komqala, ukukhohlela, ukuqaqamba kwebronchial, kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu, ngelixa ukudibana kwesikhumba kubangela i-greasy dermatitis. Hlala unxibe i-NIOSH N95 okanye i-P100 i-respirator ye-particulate kunye neeglavu ze-nitrile xa ungena kwigumbi elichaphazelekayo, kwaye ugcine abantwana, abantu abadala, kunye nezilwanyana ezifuywayo ngaphandle kweendawo ezichaphazelekayo kude kube yi-HEPA i-air scrubbers kunye nokulungiswa kwe-sponge esomileyo kugqityiwe.

Kutheni le nto imitya emnyama efana nendlu yesigcawu ivele ngequbuliso kwiikona zesilingi yam kwaye ijikeleze indawo yam yomoya?¶

Ezo ntambo zimnyama, zincangathi, ezifana nentambo yentambo zijinga kufutshane neekona zesilingi, iibhodi zebhodi, kunye neerejista zokufudumeza azizontambo zesigcawu kwaphela: "zii-soot webs" (ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-soot tags okanye i-ghost chains) ezenziwe ziziko le-oyile elingasebenzi kakuhle, ibhoyila ye-oyile, okanye isifudumezisi separafini esingavezwanga. Xa amasuntswana othuli lwepetroliyam ekhutshiwe ngexesha lokuvuthwa okanye kwisitshintshi sobushushu esiqhekekileyo, athwala intlawulo yombane eyomeleleyo ebangela ukuba izigidi zeengqukuva zekhabhoni ezimnyama zidityaniswe kunye esiphelweni ukuya esiphelweni esisesibhakabhakeni njengeefayili zentsimbi kumazibuthe, zenze amatyathanga amade amnyama ancamathelayo kudonga olupholileyo, iikona zophahla kunye neplastiki. Ukuba ubona i-soot emnyama ijikeleze iminyango yakho, iziko lakho le-oyile linesiphene sokutsha kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba lisitshintshi sobushushu esiqhekekileyo okanye umbhobho ovuzayo; yivale kwangoko kwaye ujonge i-carbon monoxide.

Ngaba i-inshurensi yabanikazi bezindlu ihlawula iindleko zokucoca i-soot emnyama emva kwe-oil burner puffback?¶

Kuninzi lwemigaqo-nkqubo yeinshorensi esemgangathweni yabaninimzi (efana nomgaqo-nkqubo we-US ISO HO-3), "umonakalo ngequbuliso nangengozi ovela kumsi, kubandakanywa i-puffback yesoot, umsi, okanye umsi ophuma kwiziko lokufudumeza okanye kwibhoyila" yingozi egqunywe ngokucacileyo (ngokungafaniyo nokwakhiwa kwesoti ngokuthe ngcembe ekutshiseni amakhandlela okanye indawo yomlilo yeenkuni evulekileyo). Ngenxa yokuba ukubuyiswa kobuchwephesha be-oyile yendlu yonke (okufuna isiponji sekhemikhali eyomileyo yonke eludongeni kunye nesilingi, ukucoca i-HEPA, ukucocwa kombhobho, kunye ne-ozone / hydroxyl deodorization) ihlala ixabisa i-5,000 yeedola ukuya kwi-25,000 yeedola, thatha iifoto ezibekwe ngamaxesha eziko, umbhobho weflue ovuthelweyo, kunye nebango lakho kunye nokucoca ifayile emnyama ngoko nangoko. Abasebenzi abaqinisekisiweyo be-IICRC bokubuyisela umsi banokucoca ikhaya ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngaba ndingagalela amafutha edizili ohola wendlela esuka kwisikhululo segesi kwitanki yeoli yokufudumeza ikhaya lam ukuba ndiphelelwe yioyile kwisiphango sasebusika?¶

Ewe, kumkhenkce ongxamisekileyo ebusika apho itanki yakho yeoli ihamba ingenanto kwaye ilori yokuhambisa ayinakukufikelela kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48, unokugalela iilitha ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-40 (iilitha ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-10) zesibaso esiqhelekileyo se-Ultra-Low-Sulfur #2 Highway Diesel Fuel (okanye Sula i-K-1 Kerosene) ethengwe kwisikhululo sepetroli sokuzalisa ioyile kwitanki yokufudumeza yangaphandle kwekhaya lakho ngqo. Ngokwekhemikhali, #2 ioli yokufudumeza ikhaya kunye ne-#2 yedizili yendlela enkulu iphuma kumjelo ofanayo wokucokisa wedistillate; umahluko kuphela kukuba ioli yokufudumeza ikhaya idayiwe ebomvu ukubonisa ukuba irhafu yendlela yendlela ayizange ihlawulwe kuyo. Soloko ucima isitshisi sakho esibomvu sikaxakeka phambi kokuba ugalele amafutha etankini, kwaye linda imizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 emva kokugalela phambi kokuba ubuyisele isitshisi ukuze naluphi na udaka oluvuswe emazantsi etanki engenanto luzinze endaweni yokufunxa kwisihluzo sakho se-oyile kunye nomlomo.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• Ukuvuza kwetanki yeoli, ukuchitheka kweoyile yokufudumeza, kunye nokulungiswa komsi
• Akukho bushushu ebusika: ukufudumala kwangaphakathi okungxamisekileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kombhobho
• Isithando somlilo segesi yendalo esiqhekezekileyo sokutshintsha ubushushu kunye nokubuyisela emva
• Ukuvuthelwa kweradiyetha yomphunga, kwibhoyila yehydronic yamanzi aphantsi, kunye nomphunga ovuthayo
• Uflue eziko elivaliweyo, itshimini yodongwe edilikayo, kunye nokukhutshwa komsi

Imithombo kunye nezikhokelo ezisemthethweni¶

• Umbutho woKhuseleko loMlilo weSizwe (i-NFPA 31): uMgangatho woFakelo lweSixhobo sokuTsha i-Oli (Ii-Emergency Remote Cutoff Switches, i-Fusible-Link Thermal Valves, kunye ne-Flue Breeching Securement).
• IiLabhoratri ze-Underwriters (UL 296 & UL 378) kunye neCSA B139: ImiGangatho yoKhuseleko yoKhuseleko lwe-oyile yokutshisa i-oyile, i-Cad-Cell Primary Flame Safeguard Lockout Timings, kunye ne-Barometric Draft Regulators.
• Iziko lokuHlola, ukuCoca kunye neSiqinisekiso soBuyiselo (IICRC): I-ANSI/IICRC S700 esemgangathweni yoBugcisa boMlilo woBugcisa kunye nokuBuyiselwa komonakalo womsi (i-Hydrophobic Petroleum Soot Web Extraction kunye neeProtocol zeSponge eziVulcanized Dry).
• I-National Oilheat Research Alliance (NORA): I-Oilheat Technician's Manual - Ukuxilongwa kweePuffbacks zokuBasa okuLibazisayo, uMbhobho wasemva kwe-Drip, kunye neNkqubo yokutshiswa kweGumbi lokutsha eliZikhukula.
• I-Oil Firing Technical Association (i-OFTEC - UK & Ireland): Izibhoyibholi ze-Fuel zasekhaya zoLiquid - Ukuvalwa okuNgxamisekileyo, Ukunyaniseka kweFlue, kunye neziKhokelo zokuLungisa iSoot.