Skid-Steer Loader, Backhoe, kunye neCompact Excavator Crush Accidents¶

Ulwakhiwo olubambeneyo kunye noomatshini bokushukuma komhlaba, ngokukodwa abalayishi be-skid-steer, abalayishi beengoma ezibambeneyo (CTLs), itrektara-loader-backhoes (TLBs), kunye ne-mini/i-compact excavators, banoxanduva lokwenzakala kwamakhulu abulalayo kunye nokuqengqeleka kunyaka ngamnye kwiziza zokwakha, iifama, iiprojekthi zepropathi zepropathi, kunye neeyadi zepropathi yendawo yokuhlala. Ubunjineli obunobungozi obukhethekileyo be skid-steer loader okanye isilayishi sengoma ehlangeneyo yijiyometri yayo: ngokungafaniyo netrektara eqhelekileyo okanye inqwelo-mafutha apho umqhubi ungena ngocango olusecaleni olucace gca kwiibhoom ezihambayo, umqhubi weskid-steer kufuneka akhwele NGAPHAKATHI APHUMME ngaphambili kwekhebhu ngqo phezu kwe-emele kwaye ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwesixhobo sokuphakamisa i-hydraulic. Ngenxa yokuba iingalo zokuphakamisa intsimbi enzima kunye nepivot yelungu elinqamlezayo ngqo ngaphaya kwendawo yokungena ngaphambili yokuvula i-windshield njengepere enkulu yeencakuba ze-guillotine, nawuphi na umqhubi okanye umkhandi ongqiyama phambi kwekhebhu, ufikelela ngaphantsi kweengalo zokuphakamisa eziphakanyisiweyo ngaphandle kokufaka umatshini ingalo yokuxhasa i-strut, okanye udlula i**-ibhanti etshixwayo* iqhosha lokufa phakathi kwebhanti lokufa. ukuhla iingalo zokuphakamisa intsimbi kunye nesakhelo sangaphambili somatshini kwimizuzwana engaphantsi kwe-1.5.

Ngokulinganayo ezinobungozi i-compact excavator kunye ne-backhoe swing-radius pinning, i-hydraulic quick-coupler bucket drops, kunye** ne-trench-edge rollovers**. Ngenxa yokuba i-mini excavator okanye i-backhoe boom ijiwulwa ecaleni ngamawaka eekhilogram ze-torque ye-hydraulic ngelixa umbono womqhubi ugxile ezantsi kumsele, abasebenzi basemhlabeni bemi phakathi kwendlu ephezulu ejikelezayo / i-boom kunye nodonga oluqinileyo, ibhokisi yomsele, okanye ilori yokulahla inkunkuma ityunyuzwa ngoko nangoko. Kwakhona, xa umqhubi etshintshela amabhakethi kwi-excavator okanye i-skid-steer esebenzisa i-hydraulic okanye i-manual ** i-couple-coupler ekhawulezayo ** ngaphandle kokufaka i-pin yokutshixa i-backup kwaye enze uvavanyo lwe-curl yomhlaba, i-*300-to-800-kilogram (660-to-1,760-pound) i-emele yentsimbi ephakathi. Ngokutsho kwe-United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), i-Association of Equipment Manufacturers (AEM), kunye ne-UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE), ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kwi-lockout ye-hydraulic, ukufakwa kwe-arm-arm prop, i-ROPS i-seatbelt discipline, kunye ne-swing-zone yodwa i-earth-earth.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

1. MUSA ukutsala i-hydraulic lever esezantsi okanye uzame ukuqalisa i-skid-steer injini ngobumfama ukuba umqhubi ucinezelwe phakathi kweengalo zokuphakamisa kunye nefreyimu yekhebhu. Kuninzi lwe-skid-steers, iipedali zonyawo okanye i-joystick zitshixwa ngombane okanye ngohydraulically xa i-lap bar iphezulu, okanye ukuvula icala elingalunganga kunokuqhuba iingalo** ezantsi esifubeni.
2. Ukuba i-injini isasebenza kwaye iingalo zokuphakamisa zicinezela ngokusebenzayo ezantsi: Betha i-Emergency Stop* okanye ujike iqhosha lokucima** okanye ucime iqhosha lokucima** ngoko nangoko ngokufika ngocoselelo kwicala le-ROPS screen okanye uvule ucango lwe-injini yangasemva ukutsala ukuvalwa kwepetroli / ukucinywa kwebhetri, **ungaze ubeke intloko okanye iingalo zakho phakathi kweengalo zokuphakamisa kunye nesakhelo **.
3. Ukuphakamisa iingalo kwixhoba eliphiniweyo ngokukhuselekileyo: Sebenzisa isiqwenga sesibini sesixhobo esinzima (esifana nesinye isilayishi, iforklift, okanye i-excavator enetyathanga elilinganisiweyo/umtya) okanye inkunzi yegusha yokuhlangula ye-hydraulic ephezulu / i-porta-power jack ibekwe phakathi kwesakhelo kunye ne-lift-arm ye-arm ye-cross-beam ibhlokhi enqamlezileyo* ibhloko enqamlezayo isithuba seesentimitha nganye njengoko ingalo iphakama.
4. Hlala ubophe ibhanti ngaphakathi kwikhebhu ye-ROPS kwaye UNGAZE utsibe ukuba i-skid-steer, i-backhoe, okanye i-compact excavator iingcebiso ngaphezulu okanye ukuqengqeleka phantsi kodonga. Kanye njenge-countbalance forklift tip-over, oomatshini bomhlaba obumbeneyo baxhotyiswe ngesiqinisekiso I-Roll-Over Protective Structure (ROPS). Abaqhubi abangabotshwanga abazama ukutsiba kwi-tipping mini excavator okanye skid-steer batyunyuzwa phantsi kwecanopy yeROPS ewayo. Gcina ibhanti lakho lesihlalo libophekile, bamba izibambo okanye izibambo zokubamba ngaphakathi kwekhabhi, tyala iinyawo zakho, kwaye uncike kwicala lempembelelo kude kuphele zonke iintshukumo.
5. Sebenzisa ifestile yangemva yokuPhuma kaNgxamiseko ukuba uvaleleke ngaphakathi kwiskid-steer enencam okanye ukuba iingalo zelifti zibambekile zivale ucango lwangaphambili. Sonke isilayidi sengoma sanamhlanje esixineneyo esinecab evalekileyo okanye ekhuselweyo ifestile yangasemva yokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka efakelwe irabha ebomvu/etyheli yokutsala okanye ukukhulula izitywini ezikhawulezayo. Tsala ithebhu ye-ripcord, tyhala okanye ukhabe iglasi engasemva/ifestile yepolycarbonate ngaphandle kwe-injini ye-injini, kwaye unyuke uphume ngasemva kwikhebhu kunokurhubuluza phantsi kweengalo zokuphakamisa ezingazinzanga ngaphambili.
6. Hlala ngaphakathi kwekhebhu okanye utsibe ucace ngeenyawo zombini ukuba i-excavator boom okanye i-backhoe dipper idibana nomphezulu okanye ungcwatywe intambo yombane enevoltage ephezulu. Ukuba ibhakethi okanye ibhoom ibamba umgca osebenza ngamandla, isakhelo somatshini wesinyithi wonke kunye nomhlaba 10 yeemitha (33 iinyawo) malunga nemizila/amatayara abe nombane obulalayo. Hlalani nihleli ngaphakathi ekhabhathini, lumkisa bonke abasebenzi abaphantsi komhlaba ukuba bahlale ubuncinane 10 yeemitha (33 iinyawo) umva, kwaye uzame ukujiwulisa okanye ukuthoba ibhoom elucimeni; ukuba umatshini ubamba umlilo kwaye kufuneka uphume, tsiba ngokucacileyo ngaphandle kokuchukumisa umatshini nomhlaba ngaxeshanye, kwaye ushixile okanye utsibe umke ngeenyawo zombini zicinezelwe kunye (bona iintambo zombane ezehliweyo kunye nombane wesithuthi).
7. Hlola iCrush Reperfusion Syndrome ngaphambi kokuba uphakamise ibhakethi elinzima, umlenze wokuzinzisa, okanye ubhukuqe umatshini kumsebenzi oqhotyoshwe ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15. Ukuba isifuba okanye umzila womoya wexhoba uqhoboshelwe kwaye alikwazi kuphefumla, wuphakamise kwaye ubambe umthwalo ngoko nangoko kwimizuzwana ukuze uthintele ukuphefumla. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imilenze yexhoba okanye i-pelvis kuphela ifakwe ** ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15 ** kwaye bayaphefumla, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (911 eUnited States naseCanada, 112 kulo lonke elase-European Union, 999 eUnited Kingdom, okanye ubone amanani kaxakeka) ukuze abe-paramedics baqalise ulwelo lwe-intravenous kunye nokhuseleko lwentliziyo kanye phambi kokuba ubunzima bunyuswe (bona ukutyumza ukulimala kunye ne-compartment syndrome).
8. Ungaze ubambe umngxuma ovuzayo we-hydraulic fluid ngezandla ezingenanto okanye iiglavu. I-skid-steer kunye ne-excavator hydraulic hoses isebenza ku 2,500 ukuya kwi-5,000 yeeponti nge-intshi yesikwere (psi) (170 ukuya kwi-345 bar). Umjelo wombhobho weoli eshushu yehydraulic izilayi ngokusebenzisa iiglavu zesikhumba kunye nolusu olufana nenaliti ye-hypodermic, ebangela ukuba amalungu asoyike. ukwenzakala kwenaliti yoxinzelelo oluphezulu efuna ukuthotywa kotyando olungxamisekileyo kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa.

Skid-steer, backhoe, kunye ne-compact excavator yokuhlangula umthi wesigqibo¶

Sebenzisa le tshati yesigqibo sentsimi ukuphendula i-lift-arm pinning, i-excavator rollover, i-emele yokuwa, okanye uqhankqalazo lomgca woncedo ngaphandle kokuba lixhoba lesibini.

flowchart TD
    Start["Skid-Steer, Backhoe, okanye Compact Excavator Emergency"] --> IncidentType{"Loluphi uhlobo lobunzima bomatshini<br/>olwenzekayo?"}

    IncidentType -->|"1. Umsebenzisi oPintshwe Phantsi kweSkid-Steer<br/>Phakamisa iiArms ngapha kweNqanaba eliPhambili kwiCab"| SkidPin["I-SKID-STEER LIFT-ARM GUILLOTINE RECUE:<br/>1. UNGAZE woyame eyakho intloko/iingalo phakathi kweengalo zokuphakamisa & nesakhelo<br/>2. Vala i-injini ngokufikelela ecaleni okanye ngasemva kwibhayi yokubulala iswitshi<br/>3. SUKUZISEBENZISA iipedali zekhebhu/izinto zokuvuya ngobumfama (zinokuqhuba iingalo phantsi)<br/>4. Phakamisa iingalo usebenzisa i-SECOND loader/forklift okanye i-hydraulic ram <br/>5. Slayida iibhloko zokhuni oluqinileyo oluqinileyo + intsimbi yentsimbi phantsi kwengalo"]

    IncidentType -->|"2. Umsebenzisi uvaleleke ngaphakathi kwiCab"| RearExit["SEBENZISA UKUPHUMA NGENGXEKO NGEVANDILE NGANGEMVA:<br/>1. Sukurhubuluza uphume ngomnyango wangaphambili phantsi kweengalo eziphakanyisiweyo ezingaxhaswayo<br/>2. Tsala i-ripcord ebomvu/etyheli okanye iiletshi kwifestile ngasemva<br/>3. Tyhila iglasi yefestile yangasemva kwaye unyuke uphume phezu kwe-injini yangasemva"]

    IncidentType -->|"3. I-Excavator, i-Backhoe, okanye i-Skid-Steer<br/>Tipping Over kwi-Slope okanye kwi-Trench Edge"| Rollover["UMGAQO WOKUQHUTYWA KWE-ROPS:<br/>1. SUKU TSIBA kwikhabhi (i-ROPS cage iya kukutyumza)<br/>2. Hlala ubotshwe kwibhanti lesihlalo, izibambo zokubambelela, uzimele kude ekwindla<br/>3. Ukuba ixhoba licinezelwe phantsi kwe-ROPS ebhukuqiweyo: Fowunela 911/112/999<br/>4. Ukuzinzisa umatshini ngaphambi kokuphakamisa; khangela> 15-min Crush Syndrome"]

    IncidentType -->|"4. I-Boom / I-Bucket ibetha phezu kwentloko<br/>okanye i-Underground Power Line"| PowerHit["IPROTOKHOLI YOMbane ONGAPHEZULU EMKHULU:<br/>1. Abasebenzi abaphantsi: Hlala umva ubuncinane i-10 m (33 ft); SUKUchukumisa isakhelo<br/>2. Umqhubi: Hlala ngaphakathi kwikhebhu; zama ukujula uphume ecingweni<br/>3. Ukuba umatshini uyavutha: Tsiba ngokucacileyo (0 uqhagamshelwe ngaxeshanye)<br/> kwaye utsibe/utshixize umke iinyawo zombini zitshixelwe kunye"]

    IncidentType -->|"5. I-Pinhole Hydraulic Hose Leak<br/>Izitshiza Ulusu okanye Isandla"| Injection["INOMBOLO YOXINISEKISO OMKHULU (2,500-5,000 PSI):<br/>1. Vala i-injini kwaye unciphise uxinzelelo lomgca we-hydraulic <br/>2. Yiya kwiziko lomonzakalo esibhedlele NGOKUNGOKO (nokuba ulichokoza elincinci)<br/>3. Xelela ugqirha wotyando: Inaliti yeoli yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwehydraulic (ifuna ukutshatyalaliswa)"]

Ukuthelekisa iingozi ezinkulu ezi-5 kunye neengozi eziqengqelekayo kwisixhobo sokushukuma komhlaba esixineneyo¶

Iklasi nganye yezixhobo ezihlangeneyo zineendawo ezingaboniyo ezicacileyo, iindawo zokupinkisha zehydraulic, kunye nemida yozinzo ehlalutywa yi-NIOSH Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) uphando.

Kutheni i-skid-steer interlock edlulayo ibulala: iAnatomy yeSitulo seBar kunye neLift-Arm Support Strut¶

I-NIOSH Publication No. 2011-128 (Ukuthintela Ukwenzakala kunye Nokufa Kwi-Skid-Steer Loaders) amaxwebhu amaninzi eengozi ezifanayo apho abaqhubi abanamava okanye oomatshini baye batyunyuzwa phakathi kweengalo zokuphakamisa kunye nefreyimu yekhebhu ngenxa yokuba iindawo zokhuseleko zoyiswa okanye zingaqondwa kakuhle.

   SKID-STEER LOADER FRONT ENTRY & LIFT-ARM SUPPORT STRUT

          [Raised Bucket / Attachment]
                 //          \\
                //            \\  <-- Heavy Steel Loader Lift Arms
               //              \\     (Guillotine path across front doorway)
              //   [STRUT]      \\
             //    |=====|       \\ <-- MANDATORY Steel Lift-Arm Support Strut
            //     |     |        \\    locked over extended hydraulic cylinder rod
      +--------------------------------+
      |   [ROPS / FOPS CAB ENCLOSURE]  |
      |                                |
      |     (Operator Seat + Belt)     | <-- Rear Window = Emergency Exit
      |    [========================]  | <-- Pull-Down Padded Lap Bar Interlock
      |                                |
      |   [Foot Pedals / Joysticks]    | <-- GUILLOTINE PINCH POINT:
      +--------------------------------+     Front cab lip right at foot pedals

1. Isebenza njani inkqubo ye-3-Part Skid-Steer Safety Interlock¶

Izilayishi zala maxesha zokutyibilika kunye nezilayishi ezidityanisiweyo zengoma zisebenzisa inkqubo edibeneyo yombane/yehydraulic interlock (efana neBobcat BICS okanye ulawulo olulinganayo lwe-ISO 20474) efuna imeko ezintathu phambi kokuba iingalo zokuphakamisa ulwelo olwenziwa ngamanzi okanye amavili aqhubayo: 1. UmSebenzi ohleliyo: Isitshixo esinovelwano luxinzelelo phantsi komqamelo wesitulo sibona ubunzima bomzimba womsebenzisi. 2. Ibhanti yesiThintelo Ezantsi / Ibhanti leSitulo libotshwe: Ibhanti ejikelezileyo ejikelezileyo ibhanti yelap (ibar yesitulo) itsalwa yonke indlela ukuwela umqolo womsebenzisi (okanye iqhosha lebhanti lesihlalo licofiwe ngaphakathi). 3. Iqhosha lokuvula lomSebenzi licinezelwe: Umsebenzisi ucofa ngabom iqhosha eliluhlaza "Cofa ukuze usebenze kwisilayishi" kwisikhewu emva kokuqalisa injini.

Ijika njani iNdlela yokudlula ibe Bubi: - Kwiindawo zemisebenzi apho umntu osebenza yedwa etsibela ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwi-skid-steer ukuya kumatyathanga, ukuhambisa iipaliti, okanye ibhrashi ecacileyo, abanye abaqhubi ngokungekho mthethweni bajamela umphetho weplanga phantsi kwesitulo sokutshintsha isihlalo, intambo yokutsala-phantsi ivalwe isivamvo sebhanti, okanye bopha ibhanti lesihlalo ngasemva kwesihlalo. - Nge-interlock ehluthiweyo, iipedali zeenyawo ze-hydraulic kumgangatho we-cab zihlala ** 100% zihlala kwaye zicinezelekile ** xa umqhubi ephakama. - Xa umqhubi ephakamisa ibhakethi phezulu ukuze asuse ucango lwangaphambili, aphakame, kwaye anyathele phambili ukuze anyuke aphume ngaphaya komgubasi ongaphambili, izinyathelo zabo zokuvula ibhuthi ngokuthe ngqo kwipedali yomgangatho we "Lower Lift Arms" (okanye ibhatyi yabo ikrweca intonga yasekunene). Ngephanyazo, ivalve yehydraulic ivula kwaye izise i-1,000 yeekhilogram zeengalo zokuphakamisa intsimbi ziwela phantsi kumqolo wazo, isifuba, okanye ukhakhayi kumphetho ongaphambili womgangatho wekhebhu.

2. Ukufakwa njani ngokufanelekileyo iStrut yeNkxaso yokuPhakanyiswa kweArm yeMechanical (isitshixo sesilinda)¶

Nanini na xa umntu kufuneka ahlole i-injini, alungise ithumbu, okanye asebenze ngaphantsi kwe-skid-steer ephakanyisiweyo, isilayishi setrektara, okanye iingalo zokulayishwa kwe-backhoe, uxinzelelo lolwelo olwenziwa ngolwelo olusebenza ngolwelo olulodwa aluyi**** inkxaso eyamkelekileyo. Kufuneka ufakele isitshixo seStrut seNkxaso yeLift-Arm (itshaneli yentsimbi ebomvu okanye eorenji emile okwe-U elingana phezu kwentonga yechrome emenyezelayo yesilinda sokuphakamisa amanzi esandisiweyo): 1. **Paka kumhlaba osemgangathweni **, susa nayiphi na imithwalo okanye i-attachment kwi-emele / i-coupler, kwaye uvimbele amavili / iingoma. 2. Ngomncedisi wesibini ome ecacileyo ecaleni (kwimizekelo yabantu ababini) okanye usebenzisa intambo yokukhulula ye-strut efakwe kwikhabhi: - Umqhubi ohleliyo, obhantiweyo uphakamisa iingalo zokuphakamisa umlayishi phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukucima ubude bentsimbi yokuxhasa intsimbi. - Umncedisi ufikelela kwi ngaphandle kwengalo yokunyusa ** (ungaze unyathele phakathi kwamavili angaphambili phantsi kwebhathi) ukulahla intsimbi ye-U-channel strut phezu kwentonga ye-chrome hydraulic cylinder cylinder rod kunye nokutshixa isikhonkwane sokugcina ngeendlebe ze-strut. 3. Yehlisa kancinane iingalo zokunyusa nge-2 ukuya kwi-5 yeesentimitha (i-intshi ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2) de ubunzima beengalo zomlayishi bumiswe ngokuqinileyo ngokuchasene nomatshini wentsimbi, emva koko uvale i-injini, susa isitshixo sokulayita, kwaye ujikelise izinti/iipedals ukopha intsalela yoxinzelelo lwehydraulic.

Imithetho yokuzinza ngamanyathelo: Ukuthwala imithwalo kwimithambeka kunye nokuphepha i-rollovers¶

1. Umthetho we-Skid-Steer "Ukuphela Okunzima Ukunyuka".¶

Isilayishi se-skid-steer sine-wheelbase emfutshane kakhulu (\(1.0\text{ ukuya }1.2\text{imitha}\) [\(3.3\text{ ukuya }4\text{ feet}\)]). Ukulinganisa i-emele epheleleyo yegrabile okanye ukungcola ngaphambili ngaphandle kokuhambela phambili kumhlaba othe tyaba, ** 70 pesenti yobunzima be-skid-steer engenanto bugxininiswe kwi-injini yangasemva**. Oku kudala iindawo ezimbini ezichaseneyo zomxhuzulane kwinduli: - Xa i-emele IYALAYILWA (Igcwele): Isiphelo esingaphambili sesona siphelo sinzima. Ke ngoko, xa uqhuba kwithambeka okanye ulayisha kwirempu yetreyila, kufuneka ukhombe ibhakethi elayishiweyo UPHILL, okuthetha ukuthi uqhubela PHAMBILI unyuka induli, kwaye ubuyela PHANSI induli nge-REVERSE. - Xa i-emele AYINAMTHETHO (Yothulwa): Ubunzima be-injini yangasemva sesona siphelo sinzima. Ukuba uqhubela phambili unyuka induli engumnqantsa okanye ithawula yetreyila ene-emele engenanto, isiphelo esinzima esingasemva siya kujikelezisa i-skid-steer umva ngaphaya kwamavili ayo angasemva. Ngoko ke, nge-emele engenanto, gcina injini enzima ingasemva inyuke ngokuukuxhasa iinduli eziphakamileyo/iindlela ezithambekileyo umva, kwaye ukuqhuba PHAMBILI uhle kwiinduli. - Soloko ugcine i-emele PHANTSI (i-15 ukuya kwi-30 yeesentimitha / 6 ukuya kwi-intshi ezili-12 ukusuka emhlabeni) ngelixa uhamba: Ukuqhuba unqumla kwithambeka elisecaleni okanye ukubetha ilitye nge-emele ephakanyiswe kwinqanaba lamehlo kuphakamisa umbindi womxhuzulane nge-1.5 yeemitha kwaye ujikelezisa umatshini kwicala okanye impumlo ngoko nangoko.

2. I-Compact Excavator kunye ne-Backhoe Trench-Edge Stability¶

1. Paka ngokuthe ngqo kumsele nanini na kunokwenzeka, ungaze unxusene ekunene emlonyeni: Xa i-excavator ehlangeneyo ilandelela ngokunxuseneyo ecaleni komphezulu womsele osandula ukugrunjwa, ubunzima bokungcangcazela bemizila bucheba umhlaba kumsele (umsele wodonga lomqolomba; bona ukuwa kwescaffolding kunye nomqolomba womsele), ukuqengqeleka kwe-excavator emacaleni ekugrunjweni phezulu kwabasebenzi bombhobho.
2. Ungaze ujiwulise umthwalo onzima phezu kwecala leetreyini nge-boom eyandiswe ngokupheleleyo kwithambeka: I-excavator inozinzo oluphezulu xa iphakamisa umgca phezu kwe-i-idler yangaphambili / i-dozer blade*, kunye nobuncinci uzinzo (40 ukuya kwi-50% umthamo ongaphantsi) xa ujiwulisela ibhoom idigri ezingama-90 kwicala leendlela ezisecaleni.
3. Fakela izizinzi ze-backhoe outrigger kwipads ezibanzi: Xa usimba ngetrekta-loader-backhoe kwi-asphalt, udongwe olumanzi, okanye kufuphi nomsele, hlala ubeke iplanga elibanzi okanye iipads ezidityanisiweyo zangaphandle (\(60 \ amaxesha 60\text{ cm}\) / $24 \ixesha le-hydrlic ngaphantsi kwe-stabili ngeenyawo) umlenze omnye awugqobhozi kumdaka othambileyo okanye ujonge phantsi udonga lomsele.

Inyathelo-by-nyathelo extrication kunye nokhathalelo lwezonyango kwiingozi zokutyumza umhlaba¶

Inyathelo loku-1: Khusela umatshini kunye ne-Bleed Residual Hydraulic Energy (Ngaphandle kokulahla uMthwalo)¶

Ukuba umsebenzi ucinezelwe ngaphantsi kwe-emele eyehliweyo, umlenze wokuzinzisa, okanye ingalo yokunyusa: 1. **Vala i-injini ye-diesel ngokukhawuleza ** ngoko impompo ye-hydraulic iyeke ukuvelisa i-3,000+ ye-psi yoxinzelelo kwaye ukungcangcazela akutshintshi umatshini. 2. ISILUMKISO "EKUKHISHWENI UXINZELELO LWEHYDRAULIC": Iinkqubo ezisemgangathweni zokutshixwa/ukuncamathela kugcino zithi ukujikeleziswa kwezinti emva kokuvala i-injini ukopha okushiyekileyo koxinzelelo lwehydraulic. UNGAZE ujike i-joystick okanye iipedali zonyawo ukuba i-boom ephakanyisiweyo, i-emele, okanye ingalo yokuphakamisa iphumle ngoku okanye ijinga ngokuthe ngqo phezu kwexhoba elibanjwe. Ukukhwela ivalve yokulawula okanye ukutsala ivalve yokunciphisa i-boom-ukwehla ngelixa i-injini icinyiwe ivula izibuko lokubuyela kwaye uwisa bonke ubunzima bentsimbi kunye ne-emele kwixhoba. 3. Endaweni yoko, *bhlok ngomatshini kwaye ubambe ibhoom okanye uphakamise ingalo kuqala ** usebenzisa eqinileyo i-\(4\ amaxesha 4\) okanye \(6\ amaxesha 6\text{intshi}\) amaplanga omthi oqinileyo, izitendi zejekhi yentsimbi, okanye isilingi sesibini secrane/excavator phambi kokubamba naluphina ulawulo lwehydraulic okanye ukuqhawula nayiphi na ithumbu.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukuphakamisa umatshini okanye iBoom ("Phakamisa i-intshi, i-Intshi ye-intshi")¶

1. Shayela u-911, 112, okanye u-999 ngokukhawuleza kwaye ucele ** Uhlangulo olunzima lobuGcisa **.
2. Ukuba kufuneka uphakamise ingalo ye-skid-steer lift, i-backhoe stabilizer, okanye i-mini excavator ebhukuqe ngokukhawuleza kwisiza ukukhulula ixhoba elingakwaziyo ukuphefumla:
3. Sebenzisa i i-excavator yesibini, isilayishi samavili, okanye iforklift enomthamo ophezulu ekhutshelwe ngetyathanga lentsimbi elilinganiselweyo okanye isilingi sokunyusa sokwenziwa esidityaniswe kwiliso elinyuliweyo eliphakamisayo okanye umqadi onzima webhokisi yengalo.
4. Njengoko umatshini wokuphakamisa uphakamisa umthwalo nge-2 ukuya kwi-5 centimeters, umhlanguli omile ngokucacileyo kwindawo yepinch usebenzisa intonga ende ukutyhala ibhloko eziqinileyo zokhuni eziqinileyo kwisithuba ukuze umthwalo ungaze ubuye umva ukuba i-hose ye-hydraulic okanye ikhonkco iyasilela.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukulawula i-Crush Syndrome, ukopha kwaNgaphakathi, kunye ne-Hydraulic Injection¶

• I-Crush Syndrome (Ngaphezu kweMizuzu eyi-15 ye-Lower-Body Pinning): Xa umatshini we-3-toni utyumza izihlunu ezinkulu zamathanga okanye i-pelvis ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15, iimveliso ezinobungozi ze-cellular breakdown (** potassium, myoglobin, kunye ne-lactic acid **) i-pool ngaphakathi kwelungu. Ukukhululwa kobunzima ngequbuliso kugungxula ipotassium ngqo entliziyweni, kubangele ukubanjwa kwentliziyo ebulalayo (reperfusion arrhythmia). Yiba nee-paramedics kwindawo elawula i-IV ye-saline eqhelekileyo kunye nabahloli bentliziyo ngexesha elichanekileyo lokunyusa xa kunokwenzeka.
• I-Pelvic kunye ne-Internal Torso Trauma: Ukuba iingalo zokuphakamisa okanye i-emele yatyumza i-pelvis okanye isisu sexhoba, gcina ixhoba ** lithe tyaba ngokupheleleyo (ecaweni), bhinqa i-pelvic binder yorhwebo ** (okanye i-pelvic binder ebotshelelwe ngokukhawuleza malunga ne-**i-trochanters enkulu yesinqe) ukuvula i-pelvic i-pelvic Ukuqhekeka, zigcine zifudumele ukukhusela i-triad ebulalayo ye-trauma hypothermia, kunye nokuthutha ngokukhawuleza.
• I-High-Pressure Hydraulic Fluid Injection: Nokuba i-pinhole hydraulic spray ishiya kuphela i-1-millimeter ichaphaza elibomvu* emnweni okanye entendeni phantse akukho ntlungu yokuqala, ioli ye-hydraulic injected kwi-3,000 psi ilandelela i-tendon sheaths kwi-forearm kwaye ibangela ** i-compartment syndrome kunye ne-2 isiphumo se-gangrene kwi-necrosis yeeyure ze-6 kunye ne-necrosis ukunqunyulwa kwesithonga ukuba akuvulwanga ngotyando kwaye kuncothulwe ngoko nangoko. Thutha lonke ixhoba lenaliti ye-hydraulic esibhedlele kunye nesandla/ugqirha wokwenzakala ngoko nangoko.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa¶

Kutheni le nto abalayishi beskid-steer bethanda kakhulu ukutyumza abaqhubi babo kunetrektara eziqhelekileyo okanye izilayishi zamavili?¶

Ngokungafaniyo neetrektara eziqhelekileyo, ii-backhoes, okanye izilayishi zamavili ezichaziweyo, apho umqhubi enyuka izinyuko kwicala lomatshini emva kwezikhonkwane zepivot zomlayishi, isilayishi esine-compact skid-steer loader sibeka ikhabhu yomsebenzi ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kweengalo ezimbini zokuphakamisa isilayishi kwaye ifuna ukuba umqhubi akhwele ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngefestile yangaphambili evula kanye phezu kwe-emele. Ngenxa yokuba i-lift-arm cross-brace ihamba ngokuthe ngqo kulo mnyango wangaphambili njenge-blade ye-guillotine njengoko ibhakethi iphakamisa kwaye ihla, nawuphi na umqhubi oxhomekeke kwi-open engaphambili okanye ekhwela ngaphandle ngeengalo eziphakanyisiweyo ngelixa iipedali zeenyawo okanye i-joystics zisebenza ziya kubethelwa kwaye zityunyuzwe phakathi kweengalo zokunyusa ezihlayo kunye ne-cab threshold.

Kufuneka ndenze ntoni ukuba ndivaleleke ngaphakathi kwisilayishi se-skid-steer kwaye iingalo zokuphakamisa zibambekile zivale umnyango wangaphambili?¶

Ungaze uzame ukukhasa ngaphandle komnyango wangaphambili ngaphantsi kweengalo eziphakanyisiweyo ezingaxhaswanga, njengoko ukwehla ngequbuliso kwevalve yehydraulic okanye i-foot-pedal bump iyakutyumza umzimba wakho ngoko nangoko. Endaweni yoko, cima iqhosha lokulayita injini kwaye usebenzise iWindow Emergency yokuPhuma ngasemva ngasemva kwekhebhu. Tsala i-tab ye-ripcord ebomvu okanye etyheli ejikeleze i-gasket yefestile yerabha (okanye ukhulule izibambo ezingxamisekileyo zekona yangasemva), tyhala iglasi yefestile engasemva kwidekhi ye-injini yangasemva, kwaye unyuke uphume ngasemva kumatshini ukuya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.

Ungasiqhuba njani isilayishi se-skid-steer up and down induli engumnqantsa okanye indlela yetreyila ukuze ingajiki?¶

Umthetho wegolide we-skid-steer kunye ne-compact track loader uzinzo kwiindawo ezithambekileyo kukuhlala ugcina i-HEAVY END yomatshini ekhombe UPHILL. Ngenxa yokuba i-70 yepesenti yobunzima be-skid-steer engenanto ihleli kwikompatimenti ye-injini yangasemva, i-skid-steer ENGAYIKHIWO (ibhakethi engenanto) inzima ngasemva kwaye kufuneka ixhaswe iinduli eziphakamileyo kwaye ziqhutyelwe PHAMBILI phantsi kweenduli. Ngokuchaseneyo, xa i-emele IYANAYINWE ngobumdaka, igrabile, okanye iipalethi, umatshini uba nzima ngaphambili kwaye kufuneka uqhutyelwe PHAMBILI unyuka iinduli kwaye uhlehliswe iinduli ngeenduli, usoloko ugcina ibhakethi nje eli-15 ukuya kwi-30 yeesentimitha (ii-intshi ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12) ukusuka emhlabeni.

Kutheni kuyingozi ukukhulula umbhobho oqhutywa ngamanzi okanye ukutsalwa kwevalve ye-boom-lowing valve xa kukho umntu ocinezelwe phantsi kwe-emele?¶

Ulwelo olwenziwa ngolwelo olubambeke ngaphakathi kwiisilinda zokuphakamisa idla ngokuba kuphela kwamandla abambe inxalenye yobunzima bentsimbi enzima ukusuka kwixhoba, okanye ukugcina umatshini ongazinzanga ulungelelene. Ukuba umntu osebenza naye oneenjongo ezintle uqhekeze avule umbhobho osebenza ngehydraulic ofakela isikrufu okanye utsale ivalve ye-boom-drift ye-boom-drift ngelixa injini icinyiwe, i-oyile yehydraulic ecinezelekileyo itshiza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,000 psi kwaye ubunzima bonke bentsimbi kunye ne-emele buhla buhla nge-gravity kwixhoba elibanjwe. Soloko uxhasa kwaye ubambe ibhoom ngamaplanga omthi owomeleleyo okanye umatshini wokuphakamisa wesibini phambi kokuba uchukumise nayiphi na ivalve yehydraulic okanye ukufakwa.

Imithombo ijongiwe¶

• Iziko leSizwe loKhuseleko lwezeMisebenzi kunye neMpilo (NIOSH / CDC, eUnited States): *Ukuthintela Ukwenzakala kunye nokufa kwi-Skid-Steer Loaders (i-NIOSH Publication No. 2011-128) kunye nokuthintela ukulimala xa usebenza kunye ne-Hydraulic Excavators kunye ne-Backhoe Loaders (NIOSH-2004 * WP04).
• UKhuseleko loMsebenzi kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (OSHA, eUnited States): *Ukhuseleko kunye neNgcaciso yeNgcaciso yezeMpilo SHIB 08-22-2005: Iingozi zokukhutshwa kweeBhakethi eziNgcebelekayo kwi-Quick Couplers kwi-Hydraulic Excavators; kunye neZithuthi / iZixhobo eziSetyenzisiweyo (29 CFR 1926.600-602) *.
• Umanyano lwabavelisi beZixhobo (AEM) kunye noMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe wokuMisela (ISO): I-Skid-Steer Loader kunye ne-Compact Excavator Safety Manual; I-ISO 20474 yoKhuseleko loomatshini abashukumayo emhlabeni; kunye ne-ISO 13031 yeMigangatho yokuTshixa i-Quick-Coupler.
• ISigqeba sezeMpilo kunye noKhuseleko (HSE, eUnited Kingdom): *Ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kweeHitches eziKhawulezileyo kwii-Excavators kunye ne-Compact Plant Rollover / iSikhokelo soThintelo lokuCwangciswa *.
• ** I-American College of Surgeons kunye ne-Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS): ** * Ukulawulwa kwe-Heavy Machinery Crush Syndrome, i-Pelvic Ring Fractures, kunye ne-High-Pressure Hydraulic Fluid Injection Injuction *.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• Forklift tip-over kunye warehouse ukulayisha iingozi dock
• Ukungaphumeleli kwejekhi yeHydraulic, ukuwa kwejekhi yokuma, kunye nokucinezelwa phantsi kwesithuthi
• Ukuwa kwesikafula, umqolomba womsele, kunye nokuwa kolwakhiwo
• Ukulimala kwenaliti yoxinzelelo oluphezulu: ipeyinti, igrisi, kunye nolwelo olwenziwa ngamanzi
• Ukulimala kweCrush kunye ne-compartment syndrome
• Ukwenzakala emsebenzini kunye neengozi zemizi-mveliso