Ukhuseleko lwasekhaya lomlilo wasendle kunye nokuqina kwe-Ember: uMmandla we-0-ukuya-5-unyawo kunye ne-⅛-intshi ye-Vent Mesh¶

Uphando lwe-Post-fire forensic uphando olwenziwe Iziko le-Inshurensi yezoShishino kunye noKhuseleko lweKhaya (IBHS), Inkonzo yase-United States yeNkonzo yeHlathi (USFS) i-Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, kunye ne-CAL FIRE ibonakalise inyaniso eyothusayo malunga neentlekele ze-wildland-urban interface (WUI): ukuya kwi-90% yamakhaya atshatyalaliswa ngexesha lehlathi elitshiswe ngumlilo, kodwa ngamalahle avuthayo aqhutywa ngumoya (firebrands) ehamba umgama oziikhilomitha ezi-1.5 ukuya kwezisi-8 (iikhilomitha ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-5) phambi komlilo. Ngexesha lesaqhwithi somoya osezantsi, indlu enye iphoswa ngamashumi amawaka amalahle avuthayo ngomzuzu ajikeleza kwiinaliti ezomileyo zepine ngaphakathi kwimibhobho yophahla **, ivutha ** i-mulch yokhuni oluqingqiweyo olubekwe ngqo ngokubhekiselele kwi-vinyl okanye i-wood siding *, okanye ivuthele ngqo kwi-standard 6 millimeter (1/4-inch) i-attic kunye ne-crawlspace louver vents ukuvutha iibhokisi ezigcinwe kwi-attic ngelixa imithi engqongileyo ihlala ingachukunyiswa. Ngokuseka indawo engatshiyo ngokupheleleyo 0-ukuya-1.5-imitha (0-ukuya-5-unyawo) i-Ember-Resistant Zone ("Zone 0") ejikeleze isiseko sakho, ufaka ngokutsha zonke iivent nge 3 millimeter (1/8-inch) Imesh yentsimbi enganyanyekiyo, kunye nokwenza uludwe lwemizuzu eli-15 lokufuduka phambi kokuba uhambe, uyawanyusa kakhulu amathuba okuba ikhaya lakho liyakuphila. Lungelelanisa ikhaya lakho lukhuni kunye imililo yasendle, i-downslope windstorms kunye ne-ember cast, kunye neyakho ibhegi yokuphuma, kwaye ugcine indawo yakho amanani kaxakeka (Ama-911 eUnited States naseKhanada, ali-112 kulo lonke iManyano yaseYurophu, angama-999 eUnited Kingdom).

Yenza oku ngoku¶

1. Coca igqabi ngalinye elomileyo, inaliti yompayina, kunye nesetyana kwimijelo yophahla lwakho kunye neentlambo zophahla namhlanje. Kwanakwindlu ene-asphalt shingle yodidi A, ithayile yodongwe, okanye uphahla lwentsimbi, iinaliti zompayina ezomileyo kumjelo wemvula zivutha ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana yokufika kwentsimbi kuyo, isalathisa idangatye leplanga phantsi kophahla lweplanga.
2. Vula zonke izigcina-kufuma zamaxolo omthi, iindiza zepine, amatyholo emithi, kunye neenkuni zokubasa ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-1.5 yeemitha zokuqala (0 ukuya kwi-5 iinyawo) ezijikeleze iindonga zangaphandle zekhaya lakho ("Zone 0"). Faka endaweni ye-organic mulch yamaplanga kunye namatyholo esiseko phakathi kwe-1.5 yeemitha (5 iinyawo) ukusuka kwicango lakho, imigangatho, imigangatho, ucango lwethalari, ilitye elikhuselweyo, kunye nocango olukhuselweyo, kunye nocango lwethaleri umhlaba**. Shenxisa iinkuni kunye namaplanga ubuncinci 9 yeemitha (iinyawo ezingama-30) kude ukusuka endlwini (kwaye ngokufanelekileyo unyuke endaweni yokuhla).
3. Buyisela kwakhona yonke indawo yokungena i-attic gable, i-soffit eave vent, kunye ne-crawlspace yesiseko sokungena nge 3 millimeter (1/8-inch) umnatha wesinyithi ongatshiyo. Amakhaya amadala anawo 6 millimeter (1/4-inch) Ilaphu lentsimbi yehardware phezu kweendawo zokungenisa umoya, ezivumela amalahle aqaqambileyo aziimilimitha ezi-4 avuthele ngqo kwigumbi eliphezulu. Isiseko okanye isikrufu 3 millimeter (1/8-inch) intsimbi ekhandisiweyo okanye i-mesh yocingo lobhedu phezu kweevents ezikhoyo, okanye uphucule ukuya ku- ASTM E2886 eqinisekisiweyo i-ember-and-flame-resistant baffled vents.
4. Faka indawo yokugqibela yeemitha ezi-1.5 (iinyawo ezi-5) zalo naluphi na ucingo lwamaplanga apho luncamathele kudonga lwendlu yakho ngesango lentsimbi okanye ipaneli engenakutsha. Ucingo oluyimfihlo lomsedare okanye lompayina lusebenza njenge-fuse ("wick") ethwala amadangatye ukusuka eludinini lweyadi ukuya ngqo kwindlu yakho esecaleni. Ukufakela intsimbi okanye i-aluminiyam isango (okanye icandelo lefiber-samente) apho ucingo ludibana khona nendlu luphula indlela yomlilo.
5. Tshayela phantsi kwedesika yakho eyenziwe ngomthi okanye edibeneyo, susa zonke izinto ezigciniweyo ngaphantsi kwayo, kwaye uvale umjikelezo wedesika nge 3 millimeter (1/8-inch) ukuhluzwa kwentsimbi. Umngxuma omnyama ongaphantsi kumgangatho ophantsi usebenza njengomqolo ojikelezayo apho amalahle atshiswayo aqokelelana ngamawakawaka. Susa iicushion zengca, amaplanga ashiyekileyo, ikhadibhodi, namagqabi omileyo phantsi kwazo zonke iidekhi kunye neeveranda ngoko nangoko.
6. Ukuba iSilumkiso okanye uMyalelo wokuPhuma kuMlilo wasendle ukhutshiwe: Yenza uLuhlu loLungiselelo lweNdlu yeMizuzu eli-15 yaPhambi kokuPhuma kwaye uhambe ngoko nangoko. Vala zonke iifestile, izibane zesibhakabhaka, kunye neengcango zangaphakathi; susa amakhethini elaphu; yiza neecushion zepatio, iingcango zekhokhonathi-coir, kunye nemigqomo yeplastiki yenkunkuma ngaphakathi endlwini okanye egaraji; vala ivalve yetanki yepropane; vula izibane zangaphandle ukuze abacimi-mlilo bakwazi ukubona indlu yakho kumsi oshinyeneyo; kwaye uphume kwangoko.

Umthi wesigqibo: Ukuqina kwekhaya lomlilo we-Wildfire kunye ne-15-minute pre-evacuation workflow¶

Sebenzisa le tshati yobunjineli kunye novavanyo lokuphicotha ubuthathaka bomlilo wekhaya lakho phambi kwexesha lomlilo kwaye uphume ngendlela efanelekileyo xa iSilumkiso seNdwe eBomvu okanye uMyalelo wokuPhuma ukhutshiwe.

flowchart TD
    Start["Ukhuseleko lwasekhaya lomlilo wasendle kunye neQhinga lokuQinisekisa i-Ember"] --> Phase{"Ngaba ulungiselela ngaphambi kwexesha lomlilo okanye phantsi kweSilumkiso soMlilo wasendle osebenzayo?"}

    Phase -->|"1. Ulwakhiwo lwaphambi kwexesha loNyaka kunye nokuQinisekiswa koBume beNdawo"| Audit["SEBENZA UKUSUKA KULUPHAHLA & UDONGA NGAPHANDLE:; 1. Uphahla kunye neeGutters: Udidi A uphahla + iigatha ezicocekileyo + intsimbi yokuthontsiza + indawo yokumisa iintaka; 2. IiVenti: Hlaziya kwakhona zonke iivent ze-attic/crawlspace nge-3 mm (1/8-intshi) yemesh yentsimbi; 3. Ummandla 0 (0 ukuya ku-1.5 m / 0 ukuya ku-5 ft): Faka endaweni yesigcina-kufuma somthi kunye namatyholo ngegrabile/iipavundi; 4. Iingcingo kunye neDekhi: Fakela i-1.5 m (5 ft) isango lentsimbi eludongeni lwendlu + isikrini phantsi kweedekhi; 5. IiWindows kunye neSiding: Iglasi epholileyo ephindwe kabini + 15 cm (6 in) imasonry/metal base clearance"]

    Phase -->|"2. Umlindo osebenzayo woMlilo wasendle / Isilumkiso sokuPhuma kwangaphambili"| Prep15["UKWENZA IMIZUZU EYI-15 PHAMBI KOKUPHUMA PHAMBI KWEXEKO :; 1. Umva imoto kwi-driveway ejongene nesitrato eneGo-Bags & nezilwanyana zasekhaya ezilayishwe ngaphakathi; 2. Hambisa iikhushini zepatio, iingcango, imitshayelo & iinkonkxa zeplastiki NGAPHAKATHI; 3. Vala zonke iifestile, iingcango zegaraji, izidambisi mlilo & LONKE ucango lwangaphakathi; 4. CIMA ivelufa yetanki yepropane yangaphandle; ziyeke iivalvu zamanzi zikamasipala ZIVALWE; 5. Ileli yentsimbi yepropu kwikona yendlu & UYAVULA zonke izibane zangaphakathi/zangaphandle"]

    Prep15 --> Order{"Ukhutshiwe uMyalelo wokuPhuma OKANYE uMsi/Amalahle afikelele ebumelwaneni?"}
    Order -->|"Ewe"| LeaveNow["PHUMELA NGOKUNGOKO NGOKU, NGENdlela EYINWEYO; (Sukulinda isaziso samapolisa kwindlu ngendlu)"]

Icandelo loku-1: Ifiziksi yomlilo wasendle wokucinywa kwekhaya (Kutheni amadangatye, hayi amadangatye, atshise ubumelwane)¶

Ukuze uqinise indlu ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka uqonde iindlela ezintathu apho izakhiwo zasendle zibaswa ngumlilo wasendle: Ii-Windborne Embers (Firebrands), I-Radiant Heat, kunye neNxibelelwano yeFlame ngqo.

1. Iishawari ze-Ember (Inoxanduva lokuya kuthi ga kwi-90% yokuBasa kwaQala): Njengoko umlilo uvutha emithini, kwi-chaparral, okanye kwizakhiwo ezikufutshane, uhlaziyo olunamandla lwe-convective lukhupha izigidi zamasetyana avuthayo, amaxolo amaxolo, kunye namaqhekeza e-shingle phezulu kwiplume. Imimoya ebhudla ngamandla ithwala la malahle avuthayo 1.5 ukuya kwi-8 yeekhilomitha (1 ukuya kwi-5 miles) phambi komgca womlilo omkhulu. Uphononongo lwe-aerodynamic wind-tunnel kwiZiko loPhando lwe-IBHS lubonisa ukuba xa umoya ubetha udonga oluthe nkqo lwendlu, lwenza i-vortice evuthuzayo (izaqhwithi zomoya) emazantsi endonga ezingaphandle, ngaphakathi kwiikona zangaphakathi, phantsi kophahla oluxhonywe phezulu, kunye nasecaleni kophahla lwendlu. Ezi vortices zibeka i-drift eshinyeneyo yamalahle abengezelayo kanye apho abaninimzi ngokwesiko babeka isigcina-kufuma somthi esichetyiweyo, amagqabi omileyo, iicango zekhokhonathi-fiber, kunye nefenitshala yepatio. Nje ukuba i-mulch okanye i-doormat ilayite emazantsi odonga, amadangatye akhwela i-siding, aqhekeze iifestile zeglasi enye, okanye angene kwi-soffit eaves kwimizuzu emi-3 ukuya kwe-6.
2. UkuKhutha koBubushushu obukhazimlayo: Indlu yommelwane ovuthayo, ishedi yokugcina yokhuni evaliweyo, isithuthi sokuzonwabisa esimisiweyo (RV), okanye umqolo oxineneyo we-arborvitae / i-juniper hedges ephakathi kwe- 3 ukuya kwi-9 yeemitha (i-10 ukuya kwii-30 iinyawo) yendlu yakho ikhupha ukushisa okukhulu kwe-infrared ($ 20\text{ ukuya ku-}60\m2} umbhalo{W}. Kwimizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-15 yokuvezwa okuqaqambileyo, iifestile eziqhelekileyo zeglasi edadayo ziyaqhekeka kwaye ziwe (zivumela amalahle ukuba agalele ngokuthe ngqo kwiikhethini zegumbi lokuhlala kunye neesofa) kunye nevinyl okanye iplanga elisecaleni ligqabhuka libe lidangatye ngaphandle kokuba nedangatye elinye lichukumise udonga.
3. I-Surface Flame Creep ("Wicking"): Amadangatye asezantsi arhubuluza kancinane kwingca yengca akafane avelise ubushushu obaneleyo bokuvutha i-stucco okanye udonga lwe-fiber-samente ngokwalo, de afikelele "kwintambo" eqhubekayo efana yocingo lomthi olubiyelwe ecaleni kwendlu,imfumba yeplanga ebekwe ngasegaraji, okanye i-mulch yamaplanga phantsi komgangatho womthi*.

Icandelo lesi-2: IiNdawo zeNdawo eziKhuselekileyo 0, 1, kunye ne-2 (Kutheni i-0-to-5-Foot Zone yinto yonke)¶

Inzululwazi yale mihla yomlilo wasendle (ikhowulwe ngu NFPA 1144, IBHS Wildfire Prepared Home, kunye ne California Public Resources Code 4291) yahlula ipropathi yakho ibe ziindawo ezintathu ezigxile IiNdawo eziKhuselekileyo eziKhuselekileyo, ukuqala kudonga lwangaphandle lwendlu yakho nokusebenza ngaphandle:

Icandelo 3: Ukuqina kwekhaya ukusuka kuphahla ukuya kwisiseko¶

Nokuba uhlala kulwahlulwa-hlulo oluxineneyo lwedolophu apho umgca weqashiso lakho uphela kwiimitha ezi-3 (iinyawo ezili-10) ukusuka kwindlu yommelwane wakho, ukulungiswa kwakhona kwesakhiwo kumisa amalahle kunye nobushushu obukhazimlayo ekungeneni kwimvulophu yesakhiwo sakho.

1. Isigqubuthelo sophahla, iintlambo, iGutters, kunye neTayile yodongwe "Izitophu zeentaka"¶

Uphahla lwakho lunowona mmandla mkhulu othe tye ovezwe kumlilo owalayo: - Umgangatho wophahla: Gcina i- Iklasi A yeNdibano yophahla eRayithwa nguMlilo (ukwenza iishingles ze-asphalt zefiberglass, ikhonkrithi esicaba/ iithayile zodongwe, isinyithi esimiyo, okanye isileyiti). Ukushukuma kweenkuni kunye nophahla lweshingle ngamaplanga ziingozi ezigqithisileyo zomlilo ezivutha kwiindawo ezininzi ngaxeshanye. - Iithayile zodongwe zaseSpain / zemigqomo zifuna "iZimiselo zeentaka" kunye nokutywinwa kodaka: Ngelixa udongwe kunye neethayile zekhonkrithi zona ngokwazo zingenakho ukutshisa, iithayile zemibhobho eyomileyo yaseSpain zishiya izithuba ezivulekileyo ezisisiqingatha semikrozo ecaleni kophahla lwemivalo apho iintaka zakha iindlwane zengca eyomileyo kwaye amalahle aqhutywa ngumoya avuthela ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kweethayile kwingqayi etshayo. Vala zonke iithayile ezivuliweyo ziphela nge-metal okanye i-metal bird-stops*. - Ukucocwa kweGutter kunye nabaGcini beGutter abangatshiyo: Coca amagqabi kunye neenaliti zompayina kwiigatha kunye neentlambo zophahla rhoqo ngexesha lomlilo. Fakela i-aluminiyam engatshiyo okanye i-stainless-steel micro-mesh gutter guards (azingaze zitshiphu iivinyl/iplastiki snap-in gatter guards, ezinyibilikayo zithontsize iplastiki edangazelayo ezantsi eludongeni) KWAYE uqinisekise ukuba intsimbi yokuthontsiza-edge edanyazayo igubungela umsantsa phakathi kophahla lokufulela nomva.

2. Ukulungisa ngokutsha iAttic, iSoffit, kunye neCrawlspace Vents (3 mm / 1/8-Inch Umthetho womnatha)¶

Iminyango engakhuselwanga okanye ekhuselwe ngokurhabaxa yindawo yokuqala yokungena yokutshisa ikhaya ngaphakathi ngaphandle: - Kutheni 6 mm (1/4-inch) ilaphu lehardware liyasilela: Iikhowudi zokwakha ezisemgangathweni zivunyelwe ngokwembali 6 millimeter (1/4-inch) imingxuma yocingo phezu kweendawo zokuvula ezikwiattic, iivents, kunye ne crawlspace vents. Uvavanyo lwetonela yomoya lungqina ukuba amalahle avuthayo 3 to 6 millimeters ngobubanzi dlula ngasekunene 1/4-inch umnatha kwaye ulayite iibhokisi zekhadibhodi ezigciniweyo, izinto zokuhombisa iiholide, okanye ukugqunywa kweselulosi eveziweyo ngaphakathi kwegumbi elingaphantsi kophahla okanye i-crawlspace. - Uyibuyisela njani iNgeniso enye emva kwemini: 1. Thenga umqulu we 3 millimeter (1/8-inch) olulukiweyo lwentsimbi, intsimbi engatyiwayo, okanye ilaphu locingo lobhedu (ungaze ufiberglass okanye isikrini sesinambuzane sefestile yenayiloni, esinyibilika ngoko nangoko xa sidibana nentlantsi enye). 2. Sika iipetshi ze 3 mm (1/8-inch) umnatha wesinyithi mkhulu kancinane kunendawo yokuvula yegeyibhile nganye, isithuba esingaphantsi kwe-soffit, kunye nesiseko sokungena kwesithuba sokukrala, kwaye uziqinise ngokukhuselekileyo phezu kwendawo ekhoyo ekhoyo usebenzisa izikrufu zentsimbi estainless kunye neewasha zefenda okanye izinto ezisisiseko ezinzima zomoya kwisakhelo somthi. 3. (Kuphephe 1.6 mm / 1/16-inch Umnatha wesinyithi kwiivenyile ze-attic ngaphandle kokuba yenzelwe indawo yokungena umoya ekhululekileyo, njenge 1/16-inch imingxunya ivala ngokukhawuleza intambo kunye nothuli, ibambe ukufuma kwi-attic yakho) 4. Uphuculo oluMgangatho weGolide: Faka endaweni yeendawo ezivulekileyo zokuvula indawo nge-WUI eqinisekisiweyo ye-ASTM E2886 i-ember-and-flame-resistant vents (esebenzisa i-intumescent yangaphakathi ye-honey coatings ethi idumbe ngokuzenzekelayo xa ivezwe kubushushu obungaphezu kwe-\(175 degrees C / 350 degrees F\) okanye i-tracyclic bamber yangaphakathi ye-tracyclic bamber). 5. Isixhobo sokomisa iiMpahla kunye neeVenti zokuSebenza zeBathroom: Qinisekisa ukuba isikroli sodonga sempahla yakho yangaphandle sineflap* egcwele intwasahlobo okanye enobunzima yentsimbi** (buyisela iiflephu zeplastiki eziqhekekileyo ngoko nangoko) kwaye ucoce umsonto ophuma kumjelo ukuze amalahle angakwazi ukuvutha umsonto wokomisa ngaphakathi eludongeni.

3. I-Eaves, iSiding, iWindows, kunye neGap yoCango lweGarage¶

• I-Boxed-In Soffit Eaves vs. I-Open-Rafter Eaves: Imisonto yophahla oluvulekileyo (apho imisila yeplanga eveziweyo yenza iipokotho ezinzulu phantsi kophahla olujingayo) ibamba ubushushu obunyukayo kunye namalahle ajikelezayo. Ukuvalela ieaves ene-flat, ethe tyaba enebhokisi-ngaphakathi yesofit* eyenziwe ngebhodi yefiber-samente, istucco, okanye ibhloko ekwaziyo ukuvutha ikhusela amalahle kwindawo yokulala kwimingxunya yophahla.
• Icala lodonga lwangaphandle kunye ne-15-centimeter (i-intshi ezi-6) yoMthetho wokuCoca umhlaba: Icanda elingatshiyo (** isituko, isitena, ilitye, ibhodi yefiber-samente [HardiePlank], okanye isinyithi**) ibonelela ukuxhathisa okukhulu ngakumbi kune-vinyl siding (ethambisa kwaye ixobulwe ivuleke kwi-75 ye-degrees Cmbuble Ftig ngaphantsi kwe- $ 75 phantsi kwe- $ 165 degrees C okanye icandelwana lomsedare. Hlala ulondoloza ubuncinci iisentimitha eziyi-15 (ii-intshi ezi-6) zodonga lwesiseko sekonkile olungatshiyo okanye isinyithi esidanyazayo phakathi komhlaba ophantsi/igrabile kunye nomzantsi wesiphelo somthi okanye icala elidityanisiweyo.
• Iiwindow zeglasi eNjimezelweyo eDial-Pane: Ipeyinti enye efakwe iglasi iyaqhekeka kwaye iwe emva kwe-1 ukuya kwimizuzu emi-3* yokuvezwa kobushushu obuqaqambileyo obuvela kwityholo elivuthayo okanye ishedi yommelwane. Iifestile ezimbini ezigqunyiweyo ezineglasi epholileyo (ingakumbi kwipheyini yangaphandle) zinyamezela 4 umphinda-phindene ubude phantsi kobushushu obukhulu obukhazimlayo kuba ukuba ipayini eshushu yangaphandle ekugqibeleni yaphuka, ipayini engaphakathi ihlala yomelele ukuze kugcinwe amalahle ngaphandle kwendlu.
• Ukutywina iZikhewu zoMjikelo weGaraji yoMcango: Iigaraji ezicandiweyo nezincanyathiselwe zilayishwe ngeetoti zepetroli ezinokutsha, ipeyinti ecekethekileyo, iibhokisi zekhadibhodi, kunye nezinto zokucheba ingca, ukanti iingcango zegaraji ezingaphezulu zinemigangatho. 12 to 25 millimeter (1/2 to 1 inch) izikhewu zomoya ecaleni kweendlela ezisecaleni kunye nomda werabha ongezantsi apho amalahle aqhutywa ngumoya avuthela khona ngaphantsi. Faka irabha ye-EPDM enzima okanye ibrashi ye-weatherstripping seals ngasemphezulu, emacaleni, nasezantsi kuwo wonke umnyango wegaraji.

4. Iidekhi eziqinileyo, iiVeranda, iiSkylights, kunye neChimney Spark Arrestors¶

Iidekhi ezincanyathiselweyo zokhuni okanye ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezibane eziphakamileyo eluphahleni zezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zokutshisa ezizezinye kumakhaya angangenwa ngumlilo: - Uvavanyo lweDekhi engaphantsi kweBelly kunye nokuCoca iFlute-Gap: Xa umgangatho weplanga okanye oyintlanganisela uthe watshisa umlilo, awukhe uvuthe xa amalahle ahlala kwiibhodi zokuhamba ezisicaba ngaphezulu; endaweni yoko, amalahle avutha amagqabi omileyo, iinaliti zompayini, kunye neenkuni ezigcinwe phantsi kwedesika, okanye zihlale ngaphakathi kumxinwa 5 millimeter (3/16-inch) izikhewu phakathi kweebhodi zedekhi kanye apho iibhodi zihleli phezu kweendawo zokuxhasa ngomthi. 1. Coca yonke inkunkuma yezinto ezitshayo phantsi kwedesika kwaye ungqengqe 5-isentimitha (2-intshi) ibhedi yegrabile etyumkileyo phezu kwelaphu lembonakalo yomhlaba phantsi komgangatho wonke wedekhi. 2. Faka klzzwxh:0061 ezidanyazayo ngentsimbi, kye ungaze ushiye izibane ezisebenzayo zigqabhukile ngexesha lezilumkiso zomoya zeNdwe eBomvu. - Itshimini kunye neziBambi zeSpark Spark:** Fakela **intlantsi edwelisiweyo ikepusi yokuvalela eyakhiwe ngeegeji ezili-12 ezidityanisiweyo okanye ezilukiweyo ezinemesh yentsimbi engenakutyiwa. klzzh:0055 (1/2-inch) iindawo ezininzi zokuvula** phezu kwetshimini nganye yeziko kunye neflue yesitovu seenkuni ukuze iintaka zingakwazi ukuhlala ngaphakathi kuflue kwaye amalahle angakwazi ukuwisa itshimini kwigumbi lakho lokuhlala.

5. Ukuphonononga "iZityalo zeTotshi" ngokuchasene nokuBuyiswa komhlaba okuNgatshiyo kwiZowuni 1¶

Akukho sityalo siphilayo "sinomlilo" ngokupheleleyo xa somile amathambo kwi-100-km/h (60-mph) umoya, yiyo loo nto izityalo eziziro zikwiZone 0 (0 ukuya kwi-1.5 yeemitha / 0 ukuya ku-5 iinyawo). Nangona kunjalo, ku-Zone 1 (i-1.5 ukuya kwi-9 yeemitha / 5 ukuya kwi-30 iinyawo), ukutshintshela amatyholo aguquguqukayo, atyebile ngeoyile enamagqabi abanzi okufuma okanye izityalo ezinencindi yehlisa kakhulu ubude bedangatye kunye nobushushu obukhazimlayo:

Icandelo 4: Uluhlu lweMizuzu eli-15 yaPhambi kokuPhuma kwiNdlu yokuTshixa¶

Xa umlilo wasendle uvutha ngaphakathi kweekhilomitha ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-30 (iikhilomitha ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-20) kwindawo ohlala kuyo okanye iNqanaba lesi-2 ("Get Set") Isilumkiso SokuPhuma phambi koKhuseleko sikhutshiwe, sebenzisa olu luhlu lokuhlola lubalulekileyo kuphela ukuba unexesha elikhuselekileyo phambi kokuba umke. Ungakhe ulibazise ukufuduswa kosapho lwakho ukuze ugqibezele amalungiselelo endlu:

Ngaphandle kweNdlu (imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweyi-8)¶

• Paka isithuthi sakho sokufuduka esisemva kwindlela yokungena (ejonge ngasesitratweni) zonke iifestile zisongiwe, iingcango zingatshixwanga, izitshixo epokothweni yakho, kunye neengxowa zokuhamba zentsapho yakho, amaxwebhu abalulekileyo, amayeza, kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya ngaphakathi.
• **Shenxisa yonke into enokutsha iveranda kunye neyadi NGAPHAKATHI kwendlu okanye igaraji:**Zisa izitulo zokuhlala zepatio yelaphu, izitulo zelaphu/ zeplastiki yengca, iiambrela, iingcango zekhokhonathi-fiber, imitshayelo, kunye neplastiki enamavili inkunkuma/imigqomo yokurisayikilisha ngaphakathi. (Ukushiya isitulo sepatio esigudileyo kwiveranda yakho okanye umgqomo wenkunkuma weplastiki ngakudonga lwegaraji yakho yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokuba ilahle litshise indlu eqinileyo).
• Cima ivalve yetanki yolwelo yangaphandle (LP) ngokuqinileyo kwidome yetanki (ukuba ikhaya lakho lisebenzisa isambuku setanki yepropane okanye ipatio BBQ iisilinda zepropane, hambisa iisilinda ezincinci ze-9-kg / 20-lb zeBBQ kude nendlu ukuya kwindawo ecocekileyo emdaka). Shiya iimitha zegesi yendalo ZIVULE ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe zizixhobo eziluncedo okanye ukuba indlu yakho yonakele.
• Qhagamshela imibhobho yegadi kwiitephu zangaphandle ukuze abacimi-mlilo bakwazi ukuzisebenzisa, Misa ileli yentsimbi kwikona engaphambili yendlu, kwaye USHIYE ZONKE iitepu zamanzi nezitshizi ZIVALIWE (ukugcina uxinzelelo lwesixhobo sokucima umlilo sikamasipala).
• Vula amasango okhuseleko lwe-driveway (kwaye utsale iphini lokukhulula ngesandla kwiinjini zesango zombane) ukuze iinjini zomlilo zingene kwindlela yakho yokuqhuba nasemva kokuba igridi yamandla isilele.

Ngaphakathi kweNdlu (imizuzu emi-5)¶

• *Vala kwaye utshise ifestile nganye, ucango lweglasi etyibilikayo, isibhakabhaka, ucango lwesilwanyana sasekhaya, kunye nesidambisi shushu sendawo yomlilo. Nkqu ifestile ishiywe ivulekile. 1 centimeter (1/2 inch) kuba umoya uya kufunxa amalahle abengezelayo ngqo kwikhaphethi yokulala xa uxinzelelo lomoya lusehla.
• Thoba iileyisi, iyasuyasu, okanye iikhethini ezikhaphukhaphu zefestile zepolyester kwaye utsale iisofa/iibhedi ezixhonywe phezulu kumgama oziisentimitha ezingama-60 ukuya kwezingama-90 (iisentimitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3) kude neefestile: Ubushushu obuqaqambileyo obukhazimlayo be-infrared obubenyezelayo nge ifestile yeglasi engaguqukiyo inokukhanyisa ikhethini okanye ilaphu leglasi elicinezelwe ngasekunene. Vala iifestile ezinzima zentsimbi okanye ezingatshiyo zefestile ukubonisa ubushushu obukhazimlayo ngaphandle.
• Vala LONKE igumbi lokulala elingaphakathi, igumbi lokuhlambela, kunye nocango lwegunjana ngaphakathi endlwini: Ukuba ubushushu obubengezelayo okanye intsimbi ekugqibeleni yophule ifestile enye yangaphandle, iingcango zangaphakathi ezivaliweyo ezinombindi okanye eziqinileyo ziyalifaka kwigumbi, ukulamba komlilo weoksijini kwaye kuthintele amadangatye ukuba anganwenweli epasejini ngaphambi kokuba abacimi-mlilo bafike.
• Cima i-HVAC yekhaya lakho (imeko yomoya, iziko, ifeni yendlu yonke, kunye nokufumana umoya omtsha we-HRV) kwi-thermostat ukuze ifeni ingafunxi umoya onomsi kwaye ihlahleze kumbhobho wemibhobho.
• layita zonke izibane zegumbi elingaphakathi kunye neveranda yangaphandle/izibane zendlela yokuqhuba ukuze abacimi-mlilo babone indlu yakho ngomsi omnyama emini okanye ezinzulwini zobusuku.
• Yeka uqhagamshelo oluzenzekelayo lokuvula umnyango wegaraji (tsala intambo ebomvu kaxakeka) kuphela ukuba awunayo i-backup yebhetri yangaphandle kwaye ufuna ukulayisha imoto yakho, emva koko tshixa ucango lwegaraji luvalwe ngokuqinileyo emva kwemoto yakho ukuze amalahle angakwazi ukuvuthela egaraji.

Iinombolo zengingqi zikaxakeka kunye neeprothokholi ze-arhente¶

Ngexesha lomlilo wasendle, bhalisela izilumkiso zokufuduka kwe-hyper-local polygon kwaye ulandele isakhelo sokufuduka samanqanaba amathathu asemgangathweni:

• EUnited States:
• ** Ukuhanjiswa okuNgxamisekileyo:** Fowunela 911.
• Ilungile, Seta, Yiya kwiNkqubo yokuPhuma yamanqanaba amathathu:
  • Inqanaba loku-1 (LILUNGILE): Qaphela ingozi yomlilo wasendle kwindawo yakho; Pakisha ibhegi yakho kwaye ulungise ikhaya lakho.
  • Inqanaba lesi-2 (ISET/Isilumkiso sokuPhuma): Amathuba aphezulu okufuduka okuza kwenzeka; layisha usapho, izilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nemfuyo ngoku, yenza ukuvalwa kwendlu yemizuzu eli-15, kwaye uphume ngokukhawuleza ukuba unezidingo zokuhamba, abantwana, okanye iitreyila.
  • Inqanaba lesi-3 (HAMBA / uMyalelo wokuPhuma oSinyanzelo): Ingozi ekhawulezileyo esongela ubomi; hamba ngoku ungaphozisanga maseko.
• Ii-Arhente ezisemthethweni: Landela UMLILO WE-CAL (readyforwildfire.org), Inkonzo yeHlathi yase-US (fs.usda.gov), InciWeb (inciweb.wildfire.gov), kunye ne-*IBHS (wildfireprepared.org)**.
• Canada:
• ** Ukuhanjiswa okuNgxamisekileyo:** Fowunela 911.
• I-FireSmart Canada (firesmartcanada.ca): Ilandela ngokufanayo UMmandla oMiselweyo (0 ukuya kwi-1.5 yeemitha), uMmandla oPhakathi (1.5 ukuya kwi-10 leemitha), kunye neZowuni eYandisiweyo (iimitha ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-30) imigangatho yezowuni yezowuni yokutshisa ekhaya engatshiyo. Beka iliso kwii-apps zephondo zomlilo wasendle (BC Inkonzo yoMlilo wasendle, Alberta Wildfire, SOPFEU eQuebec).
• Ostreliya:
• I-Emergency Dispatch: Fowunela 000 (okanye 106 ye-TTY).
• INkqubo yeSilumkiso yaseOstreliya (AWS) kunye neNqanaba loHlaselo loMlilo wasehlathini (BAL): Lawula inkonzo yakho yenkonzo yomlilo karhulumente (NSW Inkonzo yoMlilo wasemaphandleni Hazards Near Me, CFA VicEmergency, QFES, DFES WA) kuwo onke amanqanaba amathathu esilumkiso: Ingcebiso (Etyheli), Bukela kwaye Uthathe Inyathelo (Orenji), kunye Isilumkiso esiNgxamisekileyo (Obomvu: Usengozini, yenza okuthile ngoko nangoko ukuze usinde). Ulwakhiwo kwiindawo ezithandwa ngumlilo wamatyholo kulawulwa yi Migangatho yaseAustralia AS 3959 (Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kwiindawo ezinomlilo wamatyholo, amanqaku BAL-LOW nge BAL-FZ Indawo yedangatye).
• I-United Kingdom kunye neManyano yaseYurophu:
• I-Emergency Dispatch: Fowunela 999 e-UK okanye 112 kwi-European Union.
• Izilumkiso zeMeditera & Heathland Wildfire: E-France, iipropati ezingaphakathi kweemitha ezingama-200 zezowuni zehlathi zifunwa ngokusemthethweni ukuze kugcinwe umjikelezo wokunciphisa amafutha eemitha ezingama-50 (IziBonelelo Légales de Débroussaillement [OLD]). E Greece nase Spain, iliso 112 izilumkiso zokufuduka kweeseli ezikhokela iindlela zokusuka ezikhawulezayo ukuya ngaselunxwemeni okanye imimandla yezolimo ecoliweyo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho¶

Kutheni le nto izindlu zitsha ngumlilo wamadlelo ngoxa imithi esecaleni kwayo ihlala iluhlaza yaye ingatshi?¶

Imithi inomswakama ophezulu kumagqabi awo aphilayo kunye namaxolo ashinyeneyo, ngelixa izindlu zijikelezwe ngamathambo-omileyo, "amandla okwamkela" alula njengenaliti ezomileyo zompayina kwimibhobho yophahla, i-bark mulch emazantsi endonga, i-coconut-fiber doormats, kunye ne-cushions kwiidesika zokhuni. Ngexesha lesaqhwithi somlilo wasendle, amalahle abengezelayo ahamba iikhilomitha phambi komlilo kwaye abanjiswa zii-eddies zomoya ngokuchasene nesiseko sendlu kunye ne-eaves. Amalahle atshisa isigcina-kufuma esomileyo, iigatha, okanye imingxuma ye-attic, atshisa indlu ukusuka ngaphandle ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle ngelixa imithi eluhlaza kwiimitha ezi-5 kude ingatshisi.

Yintoni i-"0-to-5-Foot Zone" (Zone 0) kwaye kutheni iyeyona nto isebenzayo kwimbuyekezo yomlilo wasendle?¶

Ummandla ongu-0 ngumcu we-0-ukuya-1.5-imitha (0-ukuya-5-unyawo) womhlaba osuka ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kulo lonke udonga lwangaphandle, ifestile, ucango lwegaraji, kunye nomgangatho wekhaya lakho. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomlilo wasendle liziko le-Inshurensi yezoShishino kunye noKhuseleko lwaseKhaya (IBHS) lubonakalise ukuba ukutshintshwa kwazo zonke izigcina-kufuma zeenkuni ezitshayo, amatyholo, iinkuni, kunye noqhagamshelo locingo lwamaplanga ngaphakathi komjikelezo weemitha ezi-1.5 kunye negrabile etyumkileyo, iipali zamatye, okanye ikhonkrithi kuthintela amalahle avela emoyeni ukuba alumeke umlilo ngaphantsi kwefestile yakho ekunene.

Kutheni ndifuna i-3-millimeter (⅛-intshi) yemesh yentsimbi phezu kwe-attic kunye ne-crawlspace vents endaweni ye-6-millimeter eqhelekileyo (¼-intshi) yelaphu lehardware?¶

Umnatha wocingo oqhelekileyo oziimilimitha ezi-6 (i-1/4-intshi) uvumela amalahle avuthayo abe yi-3 ukuya kwi-5 yeemilimitha ububanzi avuthele ngokuthe ngqo kwi-attic okanye kwi-crawlspace yakho, apho aya kuhlala kwindawo yokugquma okanye kwiibhokisi zekhadibhodi ezigciniweyo kwaye zibase umlilo ofihlakeleyo ngaphakathi kophahla lwakho. Ukufakela ngokutsha igayibhile nganye, i-soffit, kunye nesiseko sokungena nge-3-millimeter (1/8-intshi) yentsimbi engatshiyo okanye iibhloko zocingo ezinomnatha phantse zonke izibane eziyingozi ezithwala amandla ashushu awoneleyo okubasa imathiriyeli yangaphakathi.

Ngaba kufuneka ndivule izitshizi zam zengca okanye ndibeke into yokufafaza kuphahla lwam ngaphambi kokuba ndikhuphe umlilo wasendle?¶

Akunjalo. Amaziko omlilo alumkisa abaninimzi ngokungqongqo ukuba UNGAZE bashiye izitshizi zengca okanye eziphezu kophahla zisebenza xa bephuma. Xa amakhulu-khulu amakhaya kwindawo yokufuduka eshiya imibhobho yegadi kunye nezitshizi zisebenza ngaxeshanye, oko kukhupha amanzi kamasipala kwaye kwehlise uxinzelelo lombhobho wokucima umlilo ukuba lube kuqanda, okushiya abacimi-mlilo bengakwazi ukumpompa amanzi ukuze basindise izindlu. Ukongeza, imimoya ephezulu yomlilo wasendle ivuthela inkungu entle yokutshiza ngaphambi kokuba imanzise uphahla.

Ingaba ucingo oluyimfihlo lwamaplanga luyibangela njani ukuba indlu itshiswe, kwaye ndingayilungisa njani ngexabiso eliphantsi?¶

Xa amadangatye engca okanye ingca ephantsi ivuthisa umsedare okanye ucingo lompayini emva kweyadi, iibhodi zocingo zitsha ngobude njengomthi womatshisi omkhulu ("ukwenza intambo") ukuya kuthi xhaxhe kwikona apho ucingo lubiyelwe kwicadi yendlu yakho. Awudingi ukudiliza lonke ucingo lwakho lomthi: vele ubuyisele indawo yokugqibela ye-1.5-meter (5-foot) yecandelo locingo apho ichukumisa udonga lwendlu yakho ngesango lentsimbi elingatshiyo, ipaneli yekhonkco yekhonkco, okanye ikholamu ye-masonry ukophula indlela yomlilo.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• Imililo yasendle: ukufuduka, ukuqhuba ngomsi, kunye nokusinda
• I-Chinook, i-Foehn, i-Santa Ana, kunye ne-Diablo ephantsi kwezaqhwithi zomoya kunye ne-ember cast
• Umsi womlilo wasendle kunye nokukhusela ukuphefumla uthuthu kunye nezihlungi zomoya ze-DIY Corsi-Rosenthal
• Ubutyobo basemva komlilo wasendle buqukuqela, udaka lwamanzi olutshisiweyo, kunye neefeni ze-alluvial
• Uyenza njani ibhegi yokufuduka yeeyure ezingama-72

Imithombo kunye nezikhokelo ezisemthethweni¶

• Iziko le-inshorensi yezoShishino kunye noKhuseleko lwaseKhaya (IBHS, eUnited States): UMgangatho woBugcisa woMlilo wasendle olungiselelweyo weKhaya (I-0-to-5-Foot Noncombustible Zone 0, iClass A Roof, ⅛-Inch Vent Screening, kunye ne-Wind-Tunnel Ember Research).
• ** UMLILO WE-CAL (iSebe laseCalifornia lezamaHlathi kunye noKhuseleko loMlilo) kunye ne-Ofisi ye-State Marshal yoMlilo:** * Ulungele uMlilo Wasendle: Ukwenza lukhuni ikhaya lakho, iMimandla yeNdawo eKhuselekileyo 0/½ (PRC 4291), kunye neSahluko 7A California Building Code WUI Standards*.
• ** Umbutho woKhuseleko loMlilo weSizwe (i-NFPA) kunye ne-Firewise USA:** NFPA 1144: Umgangatho wokuNcitshiswa kweeNgozi zokuNcitshiswa kweSakhiwo kwi-Wildland Fire.
• Inkonzo Yasehlathini YaseUnited States (USFS) ISikhululo soPhando seRocky Mountain / iLabhoratri yeSayensi yoMlilo yaseMissoula: Imodeli yoVavanyo lweSakhiwo sokuPhumeza (uJack Cohen, iPhD: iNzululwazi yeNdawo yokuPhuma kweKhaya kunye neMida yokuMgama yoBubushushu).
• Imigangatho ye-Australia kunye neGunya leLizwe loMlilo (i-CFA, e-Australia): AS 3959: Ukwakhiwa kweZakhiwo kwiiNdawo ezinoMlilo wamaTsha kunye neNqanaba loHlaselo lweBushfire (BAL) Izikhokelo zoKhuseleko lwe-Ember.