Ukwirinda mu nzu y’umuriro w’ishamba no gukomera kw’amabuye y’agaciro: Akarere k’amaguru 0-ku-5 n’urusenga rw’umuyaga rw’inci ⅛¶

Ivyigwa vyakozwe inyuma y’umuriro vyakozwe na Ikigo c’ubwishingizi c’ubudandaji n’umutekano wo mu rugo (IBHS), Ishirahamwe ry’amashamba ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USFS) Laboratwari y’ubuhinga bw’umuriro ya Missoula, na CAL FIRE vyerekanye ukuri gutangaje ku bijanye n’ivyago bishika hagati y’amashamba n’ibisagara (WUI): NTIBIVUKA n’uruhome runini rw’urubeya rw’ishyamba ruriko ruratera imbere, ahubwo n’ibishashi vy’umuyaga bigenda ibilometero 1,5 gushika ku 8 (1 gushika ku 5 miles) imbere y’imbere y’umuriro**. Mu gihe c’umuyaga w’igihuhusi umanuka, inzu imwe iraterwa n’inkwi ibihumbi mirongo zikayangana ku munota zizunguruka zigacika inshinge z’ibiti vyumye mu migende yo ku gisenge, zigaturira ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti, canke zigafuha zigororotse ** 6 millimeter (1/4-inch) ivyuho vyo hejuru n’ivyo mu nzu yo gukwegakwega** kugira ngo biturire amasandugu abitswe mu nzu yo hejuru mu gihe ibiti bikikije biguma bitakozweko. Mu gushinga ahantu hadashobora guturika 0-metero-1.5 (0-to-5-foot) ("Akarere 0") hirya no hino y'umushinge wawe, ugasubira gushiramwo 3 millimeter (1/8-inch) ivyuma bishobora gusenyuka, kandi ugashitsa urutonde rw’ibintu vyo gusuzuma imbere y’uko ugenda mu minota 15 imbere y’uko ugenda, urongera cane amahirwe y’uko inzu yawe izorokoka. Guhuza ugukomera kw’inzu yawe n’ umuriro w'ishamba, umuyaga w'inkubi y'umuyaga n'umuriro w'umuriro, n'ivyawe guhunga-mufuko, hanyuma ubike ivy'aho uba inomero z'ivyihutirwa (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 mu bihugu vyose vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburaya, 999 mu Bwongereza).

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Kura ibabi ryose ryumye, urushinge rw’igiti c’umuberoshi, n’ishami ryose ryo mu migende y’igisenge cawe n’ibiyaya vy’igisenge uno musi. Mbere no ku nzu ifise igisenge c’amabuye y’agaciro, amabuye y’ibumba, canke igisenge c’icuma, urushinge rw’urushinge rw’umuberoshi rwumye ruri mu mugende w’imvura rurasha mu masegonda makeyi gusa. fascia board no mu nzu yo hejuru.
2. Kura ibiti vyose vy’ibiti, ivyatsi vy’imiberoshi, ibisaka vy’ibiti, n’inkwi mu metero 0 gushika kuri 1,5 (amafuti 0 gushika kuri 5) zikikuje inkuta z’inyuma z’inzu yawe ("Akarere ka 0"). Subiriza ibiti vy’ibiti n’ibisaka vy’umushinge, ibisaka vy’ibiti vy’ibiti n’ibiti vy’umushinge biri mu metero 1,5 (amafuti 5) amabuye y’agaciro, urutare rw’uruzi, amabuye y’agaciro, canke ubutaka bw’amabuye y’agaciro butagira ikintu. Niwimure ibirundo vy’inkwi n’ibiti nibura metero 9 (amafuti 30) kure y’inzu (kandi vyiza ni ukuduga aho kumanuka).
3. Gusubiramwo umwuka wose wo hejuru, umwuka wo hejuru, n'umwuka w'umushinge w'igorofa n' 3 millimeter (1/8-inch) urusenga rw’icuma rudasha. Inzu za kera zifise 6 millimeter (1/4-inch) igitambaro c’ivyuma vy’intsinga kiri hejuru y’ibinogo vy’impwemu, kigatuma inkwi zikayangana zifise uburebure bwa milimetero 4 zihuha zigororotse zija mu nzu yo hejuru. Igikoresho canke umugozi 3 millimeter (1/8-inch) ivyuma canke umugozi w’umuringa hejuru y’ibinogo vy’impwemu vyariho, canke ushiremwo ibinogo vy’impwemu vyemewe na ASTM E2886 bishobora guhangana n’umuriro n’umuriro.
4. Subiriza metero 1,5 za nyuma z'uruzitiro rw'ibiti rwose aho rufatanya n'uruhome rw'inzu yawe n'irembo ry'icuma canke igipande kidashobora guturika. Uruzitiro rw'ubuzima bwite rw'isederi canke rw'ibiti vy'imiberoshi rukora nk'umuriro ("umuriro") utwara imbeya kuva ku nkengera y'urugo gushika ku ruhande rw'inzu yawe. Gushiramwo irembo ry’icuma canke ry’aluminium (canke igice c’ivyuma vy’isima) aho uruzitiro ruhurira n’inzu bica inzira y’umuriro.
5. Kubura munsi y’ibaraza ryawe ry’ibiti canke ry’ibintu vyinshi, ukureho ibintu vyose vyabitswe munsi yaryo, hanyuma ukingire ibaraza ry’ibaraza n’ 3 millimeter (1/8-inch) metal screening. Ico kinogo c’umwiza kiri munsi y’ibarabara ry’imbere ry’ibarabara ry’inyuma gikora nk’umutego w’umuyaga aho inkwi ziterwa n’umuyaga zirundanira ibihumbi n’ibihumbi. Kura ubwo nyene ibipfukisho vy’ivyatsi, ibiti vy’inyuma, amakarata n’amababi yumye munsi y’amabaraza yose n’amabaraza yose.
6. Iyo hasohotse Imburi canke Itegeko ryo Guhunga Umuriro w’Ishamba: Shira mu ngiro urutonde rw’Iminota 15 y’Imbere y’Uguhunga Inzu maze ugende ubwo nyene. Funga amadirisho yose, amatara yo hejuru, n’inzugi zo mu nzu; gukuraho amabarabara y’ibitambaro; kuzana ibipfukisho vyo mu rugo, ibipfukisho vy’umuryango vy’ibiti vy’ikoko, n’ibikoresho vy’imyanda vy’amapulasitike imbere mu nzu canke mu garage; funga umupfunda w’itangi ryawe rya propane; n’ushire amatara yo hanze kugira ngo abazimya umuriro babone inzu yawe iri mu mwotsi mwinshi; kandi n’uguhunga kare.

Igiti c'ingingo: Gukomeza inzu y'umuriro w'ishamba n'iminota 15 imbere y'uguhunga¶

Koresha iki kigereranyo c’ubuhinga n’ugutoranya kugira ngo usuzume ubugoyagoye bw’inzu yawe imbere y’igihe c’umuriro maze ukore igikorwa co gusohoka mu buryo bubereye igihe hasohotse Itegeko ry’Ibendera Ritukura canke Itegeko ryo Guhunga.

flowchart TD
    Start["Umuriro w'ishamba wo kwikingira inzu n'ubuhinga bwo gukomeza"] --> Phase{"Woba uriko uritegura imbere y’igihe c’umuriro canke mu gihe c’Imbuzi y’Umuriro w’Ishamba?"}

    Phase -->|"1. Gukomeza imibumbe n'ubutaka imbere y'igihe"| Audit["IBIKORWA VYO KUVA KU GISENGE BIGEZE HANSI & KU RUGOME BIGEZE HANZE:; 1. Igisenge n’Imigende: Igisenge co mu rwego rwa A + imigende isukuye + uruhande rw’ivyuma rwo gutonyanga + ibihagararo vy’inyoni; 2. Ivyumba vy’impwemu: Gusubiramwo ivyuho vyose vy’impwemu vyo hejuru/vy’ugukwegakwega n’urusenga rw’icuma rw’iminota 3 (1/8-inch); 3. Akarere ka 0 (0 gushika kuri 1,5 m / 0 gushika kuri 5 ft): Gusubiriza ibiti n’ibisaka n’amabuye y’agaciro/amabuye y’agaciro; 4. Inzitiro n’Ibibanza: Shiraho irembo ry’icuma ry’amametero 1,5 ku ruhome rw’inzu + igikingira munsi y’ibibanza; 5. Amadirisho n'Ibipande: Ibirahuri bibiri bikomeye + 15 cm (6 in) vy'amabuye/ivyuma vy'imbere"]

    Phase -->|"2. Gucungera umuriro w'ishamba / Imburi y'imbere y'uguhunga"| Prep15["GUSHIRA MU MINOTA 15 IMBERE YO GUFUNGA INZU:; 1. Gusubiza imodoka mu nzira y’imodoka irabana n’ibarabara ufise Go-Bags & ibikoko vy’inzuki vyuzuye imbere; 2. Kwimura ibipfukisho vyo mu rugo, ibipfukisho vy’umuryango, imikubuzo n’ibibindi vy’imyanda vy’amapulasitike MU RUGO; 3. Funga amadirisho yose, inzugi za garage, ibipfukisho vy’umuriro & BURI muryango wose wo mu nzu; 4. Zima umupfunda w’inyuma w’itangi rya propane; reka ama valve y’amazi ya komine AZIMYE; 5. Shira ingazi y'icuma ku mfuruka y'inzu & ushire amatara yose yo mu nzu/yo hanze"]

    Prep15 --> Order{"Itegeko ryo kwirukana ryasohowe CANKE Umwotsi/Inkwi Zishika Mu Karere?"}
    Order -->|"Ego"| LeaveNow["MUVURE UBWO nyene MU NZIRA YAGENDWEHO ISHITSE AMABUYE; (Ntutegereze itangazo ry’abapolisi ry’inzu ku nzu)"]

Igice ca 1: Fizike y’umuriro w’ishamba mu nzu (Kubera iki inkwi, atari imbeya, ziturira ababanyi)¶

Kugira ngo inzu ikomere neza, utegerezwa gutahura inzira zitatu umuriro w’ishamba uturitsa inyubakwa: Ibikoko biva ku muyaga (Ibimenyetso vy’umuriro), Ubushuhe buva ku muriro, na Ugukorana n’umuriro utaziguye.

1. Ivyuma biva mu muyaga (Bituma habaho 90% vy’ibishashi vy’intango): Uko umuriro w’ishamba uturika mu biti, mu biti vyitwa chaparral canke mu bibanza bihegereye, umuyaga ukomeye utera umuyaga utera amashami amamiliyoni, ibipande vy’ibishishwa be n’ibipande vy’amabuye y’agaciro biturika, bikaja hejuru cane mu gipfukisho. Imiyaga y’inkubi y’umuyaga itwara izo nkoko zikayangana ibilometero 1,5 gushika ku 8 (ibilometero 1 gushika ku 5) imbere y’umurongo mukuru w’umuriro. Ivyigwa vyerekeye umuyaga n’imigende y’umuyaga vyakozwe mu Ikigo c’ubushakashatsi ca IBHS vyerekana ko iyo umuyaga uteye ku ruhome rw’inzu ruhagaze, ugira ibipfunsi vy’umuyaga (ibipfunsi vy’umuyaga) ku **shingiro ry’inkuta z’inyuma, imbere mu mfuruka z’imbere, munsi y’ibihome vy’inzu, no ku ** bipfukisho vy’igisenge. Ivyo bipfunsi bishiramwo inkwi nyinshi zikayangana aho nyene bene inzu bakunda gushiramwo ibiti vy’ibiti bishaje, amababi yumye, ibipfukisho vy’imiryango vy’insinga z’ikoko be n’ibikoresho vyo mu rugo vy’ibiti vy’imiberoshi. Ico gipfukisho canke igipfukisho c’umuryango kimaze gusha mu ntango y’uruhome, imbeya ziraduga ku ruhande rw’uruhome, zigamenagura amadirisho y’ibirahuri afise uruzitiro rumwe, canke zikinjira mu bipande vy’uruhome mu minota 3 canke 6.
2. Ubushuhe buca ibibatsi: Inzu y’umubanyi iriko irasha, inzu y’ububiko bw’ibiti yitandukanije, imodoka y’imyidagaduro (RV) ihagaze, canke umurongo w’ibiti vy’imiberoshi vyinshi biri hagati ya metero 3 gushika ku 9 (amafuti 10 gushika ku 30) y’inzu yawe, biratanga ubushuhe bukomeye bw’umutuku (text{$}6). Mu minota 5 gushika ku 15 umuntu akoresheje umuco, amadirisho asanzwe akoreshwa n’ibirahuri bireremba arasaduka maze akagwa (bigatuma inkwi zisuka ataco zihinduye ku mabarabara yo mu cumba co gusangiriramwo no ku masofa) kandi ivyuma vy’ivyuma canke vy’ibiti bica bihinduka umuriro ata n’urubeya rumwe rwigeze rukora ku ruhome.
3. Imbeho yo hejuru ("Ikibi"): Imbeya ziri hasi zigendagenda buhoro buhoro mu vyatsi vy'ivyatsi ntizikunda gutanga ubushuhe buhagije bwo guturira uruhome rw'ivyuma canke rw'ivyuma vy'isima, gushika zishitse ku "wick" igumaho nk'uruzitiro rw'ibiti rushizwe ku ruhande rw'inzu, ikirundo c'ibiti giteretse munsi y'igaraje canke mu

Igice ca 2: Ivyicaro vy’Ikirere Bishobora Gukingira 0, 1, na 2 (Kubera iki Ivyicaro vy’Ibirenge 0-kugeza kuri 5 ari vyose)¶

Ubuhinga bwo muri iki gihe bujanye n’umuriro w’ishamba (bwashizweho na NFPA 1144, IBHS Inzu Iteguwe y’Umuriro w’Ishamba, na Itegeko ry’Itunga rya Leta ryo muri California 4291) bugabanya umutungo wawe mu bice bitatu bihurikiye hamwe Ibice vy’Ikibanza Bishobora Kwikingira, bitangura ku ruhome rw’inyuma rw’inzu yawe bikaja hanze:

Igice ca 3: Gukomera kw'inzu kuva ku gisenge gushika ku mushinge¶

Naho woba uba mu gisagara gifise abantu benshi aho umurongo w’itongo ryawe uhera ku metero 3 (amafuti 10) uvuye ku nzu y’umubanyi wawe, gusubiramwo inyubakwa birahagarika inkwi n’ubushuhe buca ibibatsi kwinjira mu ibahasha ry’inyubako yawe.

1. Gupfuka igisenge, ibiyaya, imigende, n'amabuye y'ibumba "Ibihagararo vy'inyoni".¶

Igisenge cawe gifise uburebure bunini kuruta ubundi bwose bushobora gushikirwa n’inkwi zigwa: - Igitigiri c’igisenge: Gucungera Igitigiri c’igisenge c’umuriro co mu rwego rwa A (ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro vy’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro, amabuye y’agaciro ya beton/ibumba, ivyuma bihagaze, canke ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro). Ibiti binyiganyiga n’ibisenge vy’ibiti ni ingorane z’umuriro zikomeye cane zitera umuriro mu bibanza vyinshi icarimwe. - Ivyuma vy'ibumba vy'i Espagne / Barrel Bisaba "Bird-Stops" n'Ikidodo c'Ikidodo: Naho ibumba n'ivy'ivu vy'ivu ubwavyo bidashobora guturika, ivy'ibumba vy'i Esupanye vy'imirongo bisiga ibihengeri vy'igice c'uruziga ku ruhande rw'igisenge n'imirongo aho inyoni zikora ivyari vy'ivyatsi vyumye munsi y'inyoni n’impapuro z’ibiti zishobora gusha. Funga iherezo ryose ry’amabuye yuguruye n’ivyuma canke ivyuma bihagarika inyoni. - Gusukura imigende n’ivyo kurinda imigende idashobora gusha: Sukura amababi n’inshinge z’imiberoshi mu migende no mu biyaya vyo ku gisenge kenshi mu kiringo c’umuriro. Shiraho ibikingirizo vy’imigende vy’amazi bitashobora guturika vy’aluminium canke vy’icuma kitagira ibara (ntimwigere bikingira imigende y’amazi y’ivyuma bita vinyl/plastic snap-in, bishobora gushonga bigatonyanga ivyuma bifise umuriro hasi ku ruhome) KANDI usuzume ko ivyuma bitonyanga ku ruhande rw’umuyoboro bipfutse ikinogo kiri hagati y’inyuma y’umugende n’igisenge c’umugende.

2. Gusubiramwo ivyumba vyo hejuru, ivyumba vyo hejuru, n’ivyumba vy’ugukwegakwega (3 mm / 1/8-Inch Itegeko ry'urusenga)¶

Ivyumba vy’impwemu bitagira igikingira canke bikingiye cane ni vyo bibanza vy’injira kugira ngo inkwi ziturire inzu zivuye imbere zija hanze: - Kubera iki 6 mm (1/4-inch) igitambaro c'ibikoresho kirananirwa: Amategeko y'inyubako asanzwe yemerewe mu mateka 6 millimeter (1/4-inch) wire mesh hejuru y’ibinogo vy’igorofa, ibinogo vy’imbere, n’ibinogo vy’aho hantu. Igerageza ry’umuyaga ryerekana ko inkwi ziturika 3 to 6 millimeters mu gipimo gica iburyo 1/4-inch n’uguturira amasandugu y’amakarata abitswe, ibisharizo vy’imisi mikuru, canke ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’imbere mu nzu yo hejuru canke mu kibanza co gukwegakwega. - Uko wosubiramwo mu gicugu kimwe: 1. Gura umuzingo wa 3 millimeter (1/8-inch) ivyuma vy’umuringa biboshe, ivyuma bitagira ibara, canke igitambaro c’umuringa (ntiwigere ukoresha igikingira udukoko c’idirisha c’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama canke c’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama, kigaca gisenyuka iyo gikoze ku nkuru imwe gusa). 2. Gukata ibice vy’ 3 mm (1/8-inch) ivyuma bifise urusenga runini gatoyi kuruta umurongo w’umuyaga wose, umurongo w’imbere wo munsi y’ibarabara, n’umurongo w’umushinge w’imbere, hanyuma ubishireko neza hejuru y’aho umurongo uriho ukoresheje ibikoresho vy’ivyuma bitagira ibara n’ibikoresho vyo gusukura ivyuma canke ibikoresho bikomeye vy’umuyaga mu biti. 3. (Irinde 1.6 mm / 1/16-inch ivyuma ku bihimba vy’impwemu vyo hejuru kiretse iyo vyakozwe kugira ngo bibe ahantu h’impwemu ata rusenga, nk’uko 1/16-inch imyobo irazibira ningoga n’impuzu n’inkungugu, igafata ubukonje mu nzu yawe yo hejuru). 4. Ivugurura ry'Ikigereranyo c'Inzahabu: Subirizaho ivyuma vy'impwemu vyuguruye n'ivyuma vy'impwemu vyemewe na WUI ASTM E2886 bishobora gukingira umuriro n'umuriro** (bikoresha ivyuma vy'imbere vy'ubuki bishobora gupfuka ubwavyo iyo bishikiwe n'ubushuhe buri hejuru ya $175 degreesl canke baffles zifata inkwi). 5. Ivyuma vyumisha imyambaro n'ivyo mu bwogero: Suzuma ko ivyuma vyumisha imyambaro yawe vyo hanze bifise igipfukisho c'icuma gifise uburemere canke gifise uburemere (subirizaho ibipfukisho vy'impuzu vyasadutse ubwo nyene) maze usukure ivyuma biva mu muyoboro kugira ngo inkwi ntizishobore guturitsa ivyuma vyuma.

3. Ivyumba vy’imbere, Ivyumba vy’imbere, Amadirisho, n’Ikinogo c’Urugi rw’Igaraje¶

• Boxed-In Soffit Eaves vs. Open-Rafter Eaves: Ivyuma vy’igisenge vyuguruye (aho imizi y’ibiti vyerekanwa irema imifuko myinshi munsi y’igisenge) bifata ubushuhe buriko buraduga n’inkwi zizunguruka. Gukingira amabarabara n’ibaraza ry’imbere ry’ibarabara ry’imbere ry’ibarabara ry’imbere ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara.
• Igipfukisho co hanze c’uruhome n’Itegeko ry’ugukingira hasi ry’amasentimetero 15 (6-Inch): Igipfukisho kidashobora guturika (ivyuma, itafari, ibuye, urubaho rw’isima [HardiePlank], canke ivyuma) gitanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu vyinshi cane kuruta igipfukisho c’ivyuma (kiyorosha kandi kigaca kigira amabara de $500). gushikiriza ivyuma bishobora kwaka munsi) canke ivyuma vy’amasederi. Igihe cose ushire nibura amasentimetero 15 (inci 6) y’uruhome rw’umushinge rwa beton rudashobora guturika canke ivyuma bica ibibatsi hagati y’ivu ryo hasi/amabuye y’agaciro n’urubibi rwo hasi rw’ibiti canke ivyuma vy’ivyuma.
• Amadirisho y’Ibirahuri Bibiri: Ibirahuri bimwe vy’ibirahuri birasaduka bikagwa inyuma y’iminota 1 gushika kuri 3 y’ubushuhe buva mu gisaka canke mu nzu y’umubanyi. Amadirisho afise amabara abiri afise ibirahuri bikomeye (na cane cane ku ruhande rw’inyuma) yihanganira incuro 4 mu gihe c’ubushuhe bukomeye bw’umuco kuko iyo amadirisho y’inyuma apfutse amabara apfutse amaherezo, ibara ry’imbere riguma rimeze neza kugira ngo inkwi ntizisohoke mu nzu.
• Gufunga Ivyumba vy’Urugi rw’Igaraje: Igaraje zitandukanye n’izifatanye n’izindi zifise ibibindi vy’amavuta ya peteroli bishobora kwaka, ibikoresho vyo gutera irangi, amasandugu y’amakarata, n’ibikoresho vyo gukemura ubwatsi, yamara inzugi z’igaraje zisanzwe zifise 12 to 25 millimeter (1/2 to 1 inch) ibihengeri vy’umuyaga biri ku nzira zo mu ruhande no ku nzira y’imipira yo hasi aho inkwi ziterwa n’umuyaga zifuha munsi nyene. Shiraho ibipfukisho vy’imipira y’ibara ry’agahama vy’i EPDM canke ivy’ibara ry’agahama hejuru, ku mpande, no hasi ku muryango wose w’igaraje.

4. Gukomeza amabaraza, amabaraza, amatara yo mu kirere, n’ibikoresho bifata umuriro w’umwotsi¶

Ivyumba vy’ibiti canke vy’ibintu vyinshi bifatanye n’amatara yo hejuru y’urusengero ni bibiri mu nzira zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu gucana umuriro ku nzu zidashobora guterwa n’umuriro: - Gusuzuma munsi y’inda y’indege no gusukura ivyuma vy’indege: Iyo indeke y’ibiti canke y’ibintu vyinshi ifashe umuriro, hafi ntiyigera iguruka kubera inkwi zigwa ku mbaho zisanzwe zigendagenda ziri hejuru; ahubwo, inkwi zica amababi yumye, inshinge z’ibiti vy’imiberoshi, n’inkwi zibitswe munsi y’ibarabara, canke zigacumbika imbere mu ** .5 millimeter (3/16-inch) ibihengeri biri hagati y’imbaho z’ibarabara** aho nyene imbaho ziruhukira hejuru y’ibiti bifatanya. 1. Kura ibisigazwa vyose vy’ibintu bishobora kwaka biri munsi y’ibarabara maze ushire igitanda c’amabuye y’agaciro yamenetse c’amasentimetero 5 (2-inch) hejuru y’impuzu y’ibarabara munsi y’ikirenge cose c’ibarabara. 2. Siga aluminium canke butyl-foil joist flashing tape ku ruhande rwo hejuru rw’igiti cose c’ibarabara kugira ngo inkwi zigwa hagati y’ibiti vy’ibarabara zigwe ku gipande c’ivyuma aho kugwa ku giti c’ivyuma c’i Douglas fir. 3. Zingira uruzitiro ruhagaze hagati y'uruzitiro rw'ibarabara n'isi ukoresheje 3 millimeter (1/8-inch) ivyuma vy’ivyuma canke ivyuma bikomeye vy’isima kugira ngo inkwi ntizishobore gufuha munsi y’ibarabara. - Ibirahuri vy'ibara ry'agahama n'ivy'ibara ry'agahama vy'ibara ry'agahama: Ivya kera ibirahuri vy'ibara ry'agahama vy'ibara ry'agahama birashonga kandi bikatonyanga ivyuma bishaje bica hasi mu cumba c'uburaro canke ku gitanda iyo bikubiswe n'ishami rimwe rinini ry'umuriro canke ikirundo c'amabuye y'agaciro. Subiriza amatara y’ijuru y’ipulasitike mu bice vy’umuriro w’ishamba amatara y’ijuru y’ibirahuri vy’amabara abiri apfutse mu cuma, kandi ntukigere usiga amatara y’ijuru akoreshwa afunguye mu gihe c’imburi z’umuyaga w’Ibendera Ritukura. - Ibikoresho bifata umuriro mu mfuruka y’umwotsi n’ivy’inkwi: Shiraho igipfukisho co guhagarika umuriro kiri ku rutonde rwubakishijwe urusenga rw’icuma kitagira ibara rwo mu bwoko bwa 12 12 millimeter (1/2-inch) maximum openings hejuru y’umuyoboro wose w’umwotsi w’umuriro n’umuyoboro w’inkwi kugira ngo inyoni ntizishobore gutera imbere mu mwotsi w’umuriro kandi inkwi ntizishobore kumanuka mu muyoboro w’umwotsi zije mu cumba cawe co gusangiriramwo.

5. Gusuzuma "Ibiterwa vy'Itara" n'Ibiterwa vy'Itara Bidakomeye cane mu Karere ka 1¶

Nta giterwa kizima "gishobora gukingira umuriro" iyo cumye nk'amagufa mu muyaga w'ibilometero 100 kw'isaha, ni co gituma ibiterwa zero biri mu karere ka 0 (metero 0 gushika kuri 1,5 / amafuti 0 gushika kuri 5). Ariko rero, mu Karere ka 1 (metero 1,5 gushika kuri 9 / amafuti 5 gushika kuri 30), gusubirira ibisaka bishobora guhungabana, bifise amavuta menshi, ibimera vy’amababi manini canke vy’amazi bifise ubukonje bwinshi, bigabanya cane uburebure bw’urubeya n’ubushuhe buva ku muco:

Igice ca 4: Urutonde rw'iminota 15 y'imbere y'uko umuntu yimuka¶

Iyo umuriro w'ishamba uturitse mu bilometero 15 gushika kuri 30 (10 gushika kuri 20 miles) uvuye mu karere iwanyu canke Imburi y'Urwego rwa 2 ("Get Set") Imbere y'Ukwimuka isohotse, shira mu ngiro uru rutonde rw'ibintu vyo gusuzuma imbere niba gusa ufise umwanya mwiza imbere yo kwimuka. Ntukigere ucerezwa gukura umuryango wawe kugira ngo urangize gutegura inzu:

Hanze y’Inzu (Iminota 5 gushika ku 8)¶

• Hagarara imodoka yawe yo gukura abantu mu nzu isubiye inyuma mu nzira y’imodoka (uravye hanze werekeza ku nzira) amadirisho yose apfutse, inzugi zikingiwe, imfunguruzo ziri mu mufuko wawe, n’imifuko y’umuryango wawe, ivyangombwa bihambaye, imiti, n’ibikoko vyo mu nzu biri imbere.
• Imura ibikoresho vyose vyo mu rugo no mu rugo bishobora guturika MU nzu canke mu garage: Zana ibitanda vy’ibaraza vy’impuzu, intebe z’ivyatsi vy’impuzu, imitaka, ibitambaro vyo ku rugi vy’impuzu z’impuzu z’impuzu z’ikoko, imikubuzo, n’ibikoresho vy’impuzu vy’impuzu vy’impuzu mu nzu. (Gusiga intebe y’ibaraza ipfutse ku rugi rwawe canke igitereko c’imyanda c’ipulasitike ku ruhome rw’igaraje yawe ni bwo buryo bumwe rudende bwihuta cane umuriro wo guturira inzu ikomeye).
• ZIMA umupfundikizo w’itangi ryawe ry’amazi ry’inyuma (LP) neza cane ku gicapo c’itangi (niba inzu yawe ikoresha itangi ry’amazi ryinshi canke ibikoresho vy’amazi vy’ibaraza, ushire utuzitiro dutoduto tw’ibilo 9 / 20 kure cane y’inzu mu kibanza gitomoye c’umwanda). Siga ibipimo vya gaz kavukire BIRI ON kiretse iyo utegetswe n’abajejwe amazi canke iyo inzu yawe yononekaye cane.
• Huza amahose y’itongo n’ibikoresho vyo hanze kugira ngo abazimya umuriro bashobore kuyakoresha, Shira ingazi y’icuma ku mfuruka y’imbere y’inzu, kandi Usige amazi yose n’ibikoresho vyo gumija amazi ZIMYE (kugira ngo umuvuduko w’amazi y’amazi y’igisagara uzime).
• Fungurira amarembo y’umutekano w’inzira y’imodoka (kandi ukureho igipimo co kurekura amaboko ku ma moteri y’irembo ry’umuyagankuba) kugira ngo moteri z’umuriro zishobore kwinjira mu nzira y’imodoka yawe n’inyuma y’aho amashanyarazi apfuye.

Imbere mu nzu (Iminota 5)¶

• Funga kandi ufunge idirisha ryose, urugi rw’ibirahuri runyerera, urumuri rwo mu kirere, urugi rw’ibikoko, n’igikoresho co gukingira umwotsi w’umuriro. Mbere n’idirisha ryasigaye ryuguruye 1 centimeter (1/2 inch) kugira ngo umwuka ushiremwo uzonyonka inkwi zikayangana zigororotse ku tapi y’icumba c’uburaro iyo umuyaga ugabanutse.
• Kura hasi amabarabara y’idirisha y’ibara ry’agahama, y’ibara ry’agahama, canke y’ibara ry’agahama maze ukure amasofa/ibitanda vy’ibara ry’agahama ku masentimetero 60 gushika ku 90 (amafuti 2 gushika ku 3) kure y’amadirisha: Ubushuhe bukomeye bw’umuco w’infrared buca ibibatsi biciye mu idirisha ry’ikiyo ry’ibara ry’agahama bushobora gucana igitambaro c’ibara ry’agahama. Funga ivyuma biremerera canke amadirisha adashobora gusha kugira ngo ubushuhe buca ibibatsi busubire hanze.
• Funga IVYUMBA VYOSE vyo mu nzu, ubwogero, n’umuryango w’ibikoresho vyo mu nzu: Iyo ubushuhe bukeye canke umuriro ushobora gumena idirisha rimwe ryo hanze, inzugi zipfutse zo mu nzu zifise imyobo canke zikomeye zica mu cumba, zigatuma umuriro w’umwuka w’ikirere upfa inzara kandi zikabuza imbeya gukwiragira mu nzu.
• ZIMA HVAC yo mu nzu yawe (ivyuma bikoresha umuyaga, ifuru, umuyaga wo mu nzu yose, n’umuyaga mwiza HRV) ku gikoresho co gupima ubushuhe kugira ngo umuyaga ntunyonye umwotsi n’ibishashi bije mu nzira y’amazi.
• Mushire amatara yose yo mu cumba co mu mutima n’amatara yo hanze y’ibaraza/y’inzira y’imodoka kugira ngo abazimya umuriro bashobore kubona inzu yawe biciye mu mwotsi w’umwirabura cane ku manywa canke mu gicugu.
• Kura igifunguruzo c’umuryango w’igaraje (kwega umugozi w’umutuku w’ivyihutirwa) iyo gusa udafise bateri y’inyuma kandi ukeneye gushiramwo imodoka yawe, hanyuma ufunge urugi rwa garage rwugarijwe neza inyuma y’imodoka yawe kugira ngo inkwi ntizishobore guhuha mu garage.

Inomero z'ivyihutirwa zo mu karere n'amategeko y'ibigo¶

Mu gihe c'umuriro w'ishamba, wiyandikishe ku bijanye n'imburi zo kwimuka mu karere kawe kandi ukurikize uburyo bwo kwimuka bushingiye ku rwego rutatu rw'akarere kawe:

• Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika:
• Ivyoherezwa vyihutirwa: Hamagara 911.
• Iteguye, Iteguye, Genda Uburyo bwo Guhunga bw'Ivyicaro Bitatu:
  • Urugero rwa 1 (RUTEGUYE): Menya akaga k’umuriro w’ishamba mu karere kawe; ushire umufuko wawe wo kugendamwo maze utegure inzu yawe.
  • Urugero rwa 2 (SET / Imburi yo kwimuka): Bishoboka cane ko umuntu azokwimuka vuba; ushire umuryango, ibikoko vyo mu nzu, n’ibitungwa ubu, ushireho itegeko ry’iminota 15 ry’ugufunga inzu, hanyuma uce wimuka ubwo nyene nimba ufise ivyo ukeneye mu bijanye no kwiyunguruza, abana canke amapikipiki.
  • Urwego rwa 3 (GO / Itegeko ryo kwirukana abantu ku nguvu): Akaga gashobora gutuma umuntu apfa ubwo nyene; genda ubu ata guteba.
• Ibiro vyemewe: Kurikira CAL FIRE (readyforwildfire.org), Ishirahamwe ry'amashamba ryo muri Amerika (fs.usda.gov), Urubuga rwa Inci (inciweb.wildfire.gov), na IBHS (wildfireprepared.org).
• Kanada:
• Ivyoherezwa vyihutirwa: Hamagara 911.
• UmuriroUbwenge Canada (firesmartcanada.ca): Ikurikiza ingingo zisa n’izo Akarere ka vuba (metero 0 gushika kuri 1,5), Akarere ko hagati (metero 1,5 gushika kuri 10), na Akarere kagutse (metero 10 gushika kuri 30) akarere k’umuriro wo mu nzu udashobora guturika. Gukurikirana porogarama z’umuriro w’ishamba zo mu ntara (Igisata c’umuriro w’ishamba ca BC, Umuriro w’ishamba wo muri Alberta, SOPFEU muri Québec).
• Ostraliya:
• Ivyoherezwa vyihutirwa: Hamagara 000 (canke 106 ku TTY).
• Uburyo bwo kugabisha muri Australiya (AWS) & Urugero rw'Igitero c'Umuriro w'Ishamba (BAL): Gukurikirana porogarama yawe y'umuriro w'intara (Igikorwa c'umuriro co mu ntara ya NSW Hazards Near Me, CFA VicEmergency, QFES, DFES WA) mu nzego zitatu z’imburi: Impanuro (Umuhondo), Urabe kandi ukore (Umuhondo), na Imburi y’Ivyihutirwa (Umutuku: Uri mu kaga, ukore ubwo nyene kugira ngo urokoke) Ubwubatsi mu bice bishobora guterwa n’umuriro w’ishamba bugenwa n’Itegeko ry’Ubudagi AS 3959 (Ubwubatsi bw’inyubakwa mu bice bishobora guterwa n’umuriro w’ishamba, ibiharuro BAL-LOW biciye mu BAL-FZ Akarere k’Imbeya).
• Ubwongereza n'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi:
• Ivyo gutumako vyihutirwa: Hamagara 999 mu Bwongereza canke 112 mu bihugu vyose vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi.
• Imburi z’umuriro w’ishamba wo mu kiyaga Mediterane n’i Heathland: Mu Ubufaransa, amazu ari mu metero 200 z’ibice vy’amashamba asabwa n’amategeko kuguma afise uruzitiro rwo kugabanya amavuta y’ibinyabiziga rwo ku metero 50 (Itegeko ry’Itegeko ry’Igihugu [OLD]). Mu Ubugiriki no muri Esipanye, mukurikirane Imburi 112 zo guhunga zitangazwa n’amatelefone ziyobora inzira z’ugusohoka ubwo nyene zija ku nkengera y’ikiyaga canke mu turere tw’uburimyi twasukuwe.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Ni kubera iki amazu aturika mu muriro w’ishamba mu gihe ibiti biri iruhande rwayo nyene biguma ari ivyatsi bitotahaye kandi bitaturitse?¶

Ibiti birafise ubukonje bwinshi mu mababi yavyo n’ibishishwa vyinshi, mu gihe amazu akikujwe n’amagufa yumye, atari make “ashobora kwakira amakara” nk’inshinge z’ibiti vyumye mu migende y’igisenge, ivyatsi vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’ibiti. Mu gihe c’umuyaga w’umuriro w’ishamba, inkwi zikayangana zigenda ibilometero vyinshi imbere y’umuriro maze zigafatwa n’umuyaga utera umushinge w’inzu be n’ibisenge vy’inzu. Ivyo bishashi biraturira ivyatsi vyumye, mu migende canke mu binogo vyo hejuru, bigaturira inzu kuva hanze gushika imbere canke imbere hanze mu gihe ibiti vy’ivyatsi bitotahaye biri ku metero 5 uvuye aho biturira gusa.

Ni igiki "0-to-5-Foot Zone" (Zone 0) kandi ni kuki ari co kimwe gusa gikora neza cane co gusubiramwo umuriro w'ishamba?¶

Zone 0 ni umurongo w’ubutaka ufise uburebure bwa metero 0 gushika kuri 1,5 (0 gushika ku metero 5) uca ushika hanze ubwo nyene uva ku ruhome rwo hanze rwose, idirisha, umuryango w’igaraje, n’ibarabara ry’inzu yawe. Igerageza ry’umuriro w’ishamba ry’urugero rwose ryakozwe n’Ishirahamwe ry’Ubwishingizi ry’Ubucuruzi n’Umutekano wo mu Rugo (IBHS) ryerekanye yuko gusubirira ibiti vyose bishobora guturika, ibisaka, inkwi, n’ibiti bifatanya uruzitiro rw’ibiti imbere muri uru ruzitiro rw’amametero 1,5 n’amabuye y’agaciro, amabuye y’agaciro, canke beton bishobora gusha munsi y’amadirisho yawe.

Ni kuki nkeneye urusenga rw’icuma rw’imilimetero 3 (⅛-inch) hejuru y’ibinogo vyanje vyo hejuru n’aho nshobora gusohoka aho gukoresha igitambaro c’imilimetero 6 (¼-inch) gisanzwe?¶

Igikoresho c’urutsinga c’uburebure bwa milimetero 6 (1/4-inch) kireka inkwi ziturika zifise ubwaguke bwa milimetero 3 gushika kuri 5 zigahuha zigororotse mu nzu yawe yo hejuru canke mu kibanza co gukwegakwega, aho zigwa ku bikoresho vy’ugukingira canke ku masandugu y’amakarata abitswe maze zigacana umuriro w’inyubako wihishije imbere mu gisenge cawe. Gusubira gushiramwo ivyuma vyose vy’imbere, ivy’imbere n’ivy’umushinge, bikoresheje ivyuma canke ivyuma vy’umuringa bitagira umuriro bifise uburebure bwa milimetero 3 (1/8-inch) bizibira hafi ibikoresho vyose vy’umuriro biteye akaga bitwara inguvu zihagije z’ubushuhe bwo guturitsa ibikoresho vyo mu nzu.

Noba nkwiye gufungura ibikoresho vyanje vyo gumija amazi ku bwatsi canke gushiramwo amazi ku gisenge canje imbere y’uko nkura umuriro w’ishamba?¶

Oya, amashirahamwe y’abazimya umuriro aragabisha cane bene inzu ko ATAZOKWIGEZE basiga amazi yo gutera ivyatsi canke yo hejuru y’urusengero igihe bariko barahunga. Iyo amazu amajana n’amajana ari mu karere k’uguhunga asiga amahose y’itongo n’ibikoresho vyo gumija amazi bikora icarimwe, bica bikura amazi y’igisagara maze bikagabanya umuvuduko w’amazi y’ibikoresho vy’umuriro kugera kuri zero, bigatuma abazimya umuriro badashobora gupompa amazi kugira ngo bakize amazu. Vyongeye, imiyaga myinshi y’umuriro w’ishamba irafuha umugabo mwiza w’amazi yo gumija imbere y’uko utose igisenge.

Ni gute uruzitiro rw’ibiti rwo kwikingira rutuma inzu iturira, kandi norusanura gute ku giciro gito?¶

Iyo inkwi canke imbeya z’ivyatsi zito zituriye uruzitiro rw’isederi canke rw’imiberoshi mu rugo rw’inyuma, imbaho ​​z’uruzitiro ziturika mu burebure nk’igiti kinini c’amakara (“wicking”) gushika mu mfuruka aho uruzitiro rushizwe ku ruhande rw’inzu yawe. Ntukeneye gusenya uruzitiro rwawe rwose rw’ibiti: gusa usubirize igice ca nyuma c’uruzitiro c’amametero 1,5 aho gikora ku ruhome rw’inzu yawe n’irembo ry’icuma ridashobora guturika, uruzitiro rufatanye n’uruzitiro canke inkingi y’amabuye kugira ngo uce inzira y’umuriro.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Umuriro w’ishamba: guhunga, gutwara imodoka mu mwotsi, no kurokoka
• Chinook, Foehn, Santa Ana, na Diablo biva ku miyaga y’ibihuhusi n’ibisigazwa vy’amabuye y’agaciro
• Umwotsi w'umuriro w'ishamba n'uburinzi bwo guhumeka ivu n'iyunguruzo z'umuyaga za Corsi-Rosenthal
• Inyuma y'umuriro w'ishamba, ibisigazwa vy'amazi vyaturitse, n'ibipfunsi vy'amazi
• Uko wokora umufuko wo guhunga amasaha 72

Amasoko n'ubuyobozi buzwi¶

• Ikigo c’ubwishingizi c’ubudandaji n’umutekano wo mu rugo (IBHS, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Itegeko ry’ubuhinga ryo mu nzu iteguwe n’umuriro w’ishamba (Igice c’amafuti 0 gushika ku 5 kidashobora guturika 0, igisenge co mu rwego rwa A, ⅛-inch gusuzuma ivy’umuyaga, n’ubushakashatsi ku bijanye n’umuyaga).
• CAL FIRE (Igisata ca California c’amashyamba n’ugukingira umuriro) & Ibiro vy’umukuru w’umuriro wa Leta: * Witeguriye umuriro w’ishamba: Gukomeza inzu yawe, uturere two kwikingira 0/½ (PRC 4291), n’igice ca 7A Itegeko ry’inyubako rya California WUI Standards*.
• Ishirahamwe ry'igihugu ry'ugukingira umuriro (NFPA) & Firewise USA: NFPA 1144: Itegeko ryo kugabanya ingorane zo guturika kw'inyubako ziterwa n'umuriro wo mu mashamba.
• Ishirahamwe ry’amashamba ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USFS) Ikigo c’ubushakashatsi co ku musozi w’ibitandara / Laboratwari y’ubuhinga bw’umuriro ya Missoula: Icitegererezo co gupima umuriro w’imiterere (Jack Cohen, PhD: Ubuhinga bw’aho umuriro utera mu nzu n’uburebure bw’ubushuhe buva mu nzu).
• Ivyagezwe vy’Ikigo c’Umuriro ca Australiya n’Igihugu (CFA, Australiya): AS 3959: Ubwubatsi bw’Inyubakwa mu Bice Bishobora Guterwa n’Umuriro w’Ishamba n’Ingingo ngenderwako zo Gukingira Umuriro w’Ishamba (BAL).