Kuvumbura imyanda iteye akaga canke ingoma z'imiti ku mutungo bitemewe n'amategeko¶

Kugenda mu giti co mu ntara, mu nzira ija mw’itongo, mu kibanza c’inganda kitagiramwo abantu, canke mu nzira yo mu gisagara maze ukabona **ingoma z’icuma canke z’amapulasitike zifise litiro 208 (amagaloni 55) zahebwe, ibikoresho vy’ivyuma vyinshi (IBCs), ibikoresho vy’imiti vy’amapulasitike, canke amazi mashasha, anuka nabi. ibikoresho vy’akaga vyihutirwa. Abagizi ba nabi n'abatwara ibintu b'abanyaruyeri barakora "uguta ibintu mu gicugu" kugira ngo ntibahe amahera yo gukuraho ibintu bitera ubumara vy'amazi, ibikoresho vy'inganda bifise klorine (nk'ivyo bita trichloroethylene na perchloroethyleneB), amavuta y'ibikoresho bihindura imyanda (amabuye y'agaciro yitwa polychlorine PC, biphenles canke imyanda y’ibiyayuramutwe y’ibanga iturika (ivuye mu bihimba vy’umubiri bita methamphetamine canke fentanyl).

Kwegera, gutera amaguru canke gufungura igipfukisho c’ingoma itazwi yahebwe birashobora gutuma uguturika kw’ibishashi bigumaho, kurekura igicu cica c’hydrogène cyanure, phosgène, canke hydrogène sulfure gaz, canke gutera aside itera ububabare butera ubuhumyi ubudasiba. Muri ico gihe nyene, mu mategeko akomeye agenga uburenganzira bwo gukingira ibidukikije mu bihugu vyinshi (nka CERCLA/Superfund muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika canke Itegeko ryo gukingira ibidukikije mu Bwongereza), ingene nyen’ubutaka atanga raporo n’inyandiko z’ugujugunya ibidukikije mu gicugu mu amasaha 24 ya mbere ni ikintu gihambaye cane kugira ngo ntihagire uwusaba min-P Downer" Itegeko" ry'ugusonerwa n'amategeko kugira ngo ntufatwe amadolari ibihumbi mirongo y'isuku. Iyi nkuru itanga intambwe ku yindi umutekano w’ubuzima, ukumenya ibimenyetso biri kure, ukurinda amazi y’iriba, n’amategeko agenga ivy’ugutanga raporo.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. HAGARARA ubwo nyene maze usubire inyuma nibura metero 50 gushika ku 100 (amafuti 165 gushika ku 330) mu muyaga no mu misozi. Ntukigere ugenda mu kidengeri, mu gicapo, canke mu karere k’ibimera bipfuye hafi y’ibikoresho vyahebwe. Umwotsi mwinshi w’ubumara (harimwo klorine, phosgène, hydrogène sulfure, n’umwotsi w’ibinyabuzima) uremereye kuruta ikirere kandi urateranira mu bidengeri bitobito, mu binogo no mu bitanda vy’imigende.
2. Ntukigere ukora, utera ikirenge, uhengamira, canke ngo ufungure igipfukisho c’ingoma, ikibindi, canke igitereko c’amazi cahebwe. Kwimurira ingoma ibiri muri yo vyacitse nk’amabuye y’agaciro hirya no hino y’indodo canke inkuta zayo z’ivyuma zacitse nk’amabuye y’agaciro bitewe n’ibintu bishobora gutera umuriro ugororotse mu maso hawe.
3. Zima ibikoresho vyose bikoreshwa mu kunywa itabi, ntutangure moteri z’imodoka imbere mu mfuruka y’umwotsi, kandi ugumize ibikoko vyo mu nzu ku mugozi mugufi. Umwotsi w’ibinyabuzima ushobora kwaka (nk’uwa acetone, toluene, benzene, canke diethyl ether uva mu bigo vy’ibanga) urashobora guturika cane uvuye mu bikoresho vy’umwotsi vy’imodoka canke umuyagankuba w’umwotsi w’imodoka. amaguru) kure.
4. Soma ibimenyetso, ibipapuro vy’amadayimoni, canke inomero z’imirongo 4 y’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU GUSA uri kure cane ukoresheje amataratara canke kamera yawe yo mu bwoko bwa smartphone. Ntugende ku ngoma kugira usome amajambo meza. Hagarara kure y’umuyaga maze ukoreshe ubuhinga bwo gukura amafoto kugira ngo ufate amafoto y’aho hantu, inzira z’amapine, n’ibimenyetso vyose vy’amadayimoni bibonetse.
5. Zima ipompo yawe y’amazi yo kunywa n’amazi y’ibitungwa nimba aho uterera amazi hari mu metero 300 (amafuti 1.000) canke hejuru y’iriba ryawe. Ivyo bikoresho vy’inganda bifise klorine (DNAPLs, bishobora kurohama ningoga kuruta amazi) n’ivyo mu iriba rya peteroli bishobora gutera aquifer mu masaha makeyi gusa y’imvura nyinshi.
6. Hamagara inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe ku bijanye n’ibivuza/umwotsi uriko urasohoka maze ushireho raporo y’ubugizi bwa nabi bujanye n’ibidukikije. Hamagara 911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada, 112 mu Bumwe bw’Uburayi bwose, 999 mu Bwongereza, canke usuzume kuri telefone yacu inomero z'ivyihutirwa directory kugira ngo Igisata c’Umuriro umugwi wa HAZMAT gishobore gucungera uruzitiro. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ushobora kandi kumenyesha Ikigo c’Igihugu Gijejwe Gutabara (NRC) ku nimero 1-800-424-8802 (canke Ikigo c’Ibidukikije 0800 80 70 60 mu Bwongereza) maze usabe **Inyandiko y’Ivyaha vy’Ivyaha vya Polisi guheba.

Igiti c'Ingingo: Gutoranya neza mu murima igihe ubonye ibikoresho vyajugunywe¶

Koresha iki gicapo c’ingingo y’itongo uri ahantu heza ho muyaga uri hejuru igihe ubonye ibikoresho biteye amakenga, ingoma canke amabara y’imiti.

flowchart TD
    A["Ingoma, Ibibindi, Amatote, canke Imiti Iteye Amakenga Yavumbuwe"] --> B["HAGARUKA UBWO nyene: Niwimuke 50m gushika kuri 100m (165 gushika kuri 330 ft) Umuyaga n’Uduga"]
    B --> C{"Hariho umwotsi ukora, ugusemerera, umwotsi, ingoma zivyimba, canke abantu/ibikoko vyakomeretse?"}
    C -->|"EGO: Umwotsi ukora, gusemerera, ingoma ivyimba, ibikoko vy’ishamba vyapfuye, canke ibimenyetso vyo ku mubiri"| D["UBURYO BWO GUTERA UBUZIMA: Guhunga 150m gushika ku 300m mu muyaga; hamagara kuri 911 / 112 / 999 kugira ngo ubone umuriro HAZMAT ubwo nyene"]
    C -->|"OYA: Ivyombo bisa n’ibitagira ikibi/bisinziriye ata n’umwotsi canke ijwi riboneka"| E["Guguma ku 50m y’uguhagarara; koresha zoom ya telefone canke amatara kugira ngo usuzume amadayimoni ya UN/DOT canke imyanda yo mu laboratwari y'ibanga"]
    D --> F{"Mbega aho baterera imyanda hari hafi y’umugezi, umugende, canke mu 300m uvuye kw’iriba ry’amazi yo kunywa ry’abantu ku giti cabo?"}
    E --> F
    F -->|"EGO: Iterabwoba ku mazi yo mu butaka canke yo hejuru"| G["Zima igicapo c’ipompa y’iriba ry’abantu ku giti cabo ubwo nyene; kumenyesha Ikigo c'Igihugu gijejwe gusubiza / Ikigo c'ibidukikije + Igisata c'ubuzima co mu karere"]
    F -->|"OYA: Iri ku butaka bwumye kure y’amazi"| H["Kuzigama inzira z’amapine/ibirenge nk’aho ubugizi bwa nabi bubera; hamagara Polisi + Leta/Igihugu y'Ibidukikije"]
    G --> I["Uronke raporo y'ubugizi bwa nabi bwa polisi + umubare w'ivyabaye ku bidukikije kugira ngo ukingire nyen'ubutaka ataco yakoze"]
    H --> I

Igice ca 1: Kumenya kure ibikoresho vyahebwe¶

Abafasha ibikoresho bishobora gutera akaga bakoresha Itegeko rya SIN (Umutekano, Kwitandukanya, Kumenyesha) bagasoma amakuru yerekeye ibikoresho bari kure imbere y’uko bambara impuzu y’urugero A. Ukoresheje kamera ya telefone yawe canke amatara y’imbere uhereye ku nibura metero 50 (amafuti 165) hejuru y’umuyaga, menya uburyo igikoresho giteye, ibikoresho, n’amadayimoni yose aboneka ashobora gutera akaga kugira ngo ubimenyeshe uwubirungitse:

1. Urufunguzo rw’Igikoresho: Ivyo Ingoma canke Igikapu Bibwira Abasubiza¶

2. Gusobanura ibimenyetso vy'akaga vy'amadayimoni y'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu UN / DOT / ADR uri kure¶

Nimba ingoma canke igikapu c’ubudandaji kigifise ikimenyetso c’ibara ry’amadayimoni (canke Inomero y’Indangamuntu y’Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU y’imirongo 4 nk’ UN 1203 ku bwa peteroli, UN 1005 ku bijanye n’Amoniya idafise amazi, UN 1830 ku bijanye n’Aside y’Ikibiriti, canke . UN 1993 ku bijanye n’amazi ashobora kwaka N.O.S.), numenyeshe ibara, ikimenyetso co hejuru, n’umubare wo hasi umukozi wa 911/112/999:

• Diama itukura (Ikigo ca 3 c’amazi ashobora kwaka / Gazi y’ikigo ca 2.1): Umuriro n’umwotsi bikomeye cane bishobora gusubira inyuma. Gumana nibura metero 100 (amafuti 330) kandi ukureho ibintu vyose bitera umuriro.
• Diama yera ifise igihanga n’amagufa y’umusaraba (Uburozi bwo mu rwego rwa 6.1 / Ikintu gitera ubumara, canke Gazi y’ubumara yo mu rwego rwa 2.3): Ishobora kwica mu guhumeka canke mu gukorana n’urukoba mu rugero rutoyi (nk’imiti yitwa cyanide, imiti yica udukoko yitwa organophosphate, canke arsine/phosgene). Guhunga ku metero 150 gushika ku 300 (amafuti 500 gushika ku 1.000) mu muyaga.
• Diama y’umuhondo canke igice c’umuhondo/igice c’umutuku (Ikigo ca 5.1 Oxidizer / Ikigo ca 5.2 Peroxide y’ibinyabuzima): Igira ico ikoze cane canke igaturika iyo ikoranye n’ibikoresho vy’amakara, inkwi, umwanda, canke iyo ikozwe n’uguhungabana.
• Diama y'ubururu (Ikigo ca 4.3 "Igiteye akaga iyo itose", akenshi ifise W n’umurongo unyuramwo): Ikorana n’amazi y’imvura, ikime co mu gitondo, canke ubukonje bwo mw’ivu kugira ngo ivyare gazi y’iyidrojeni/acetylene canke gazi y’ubumara ya phosphine (harimwo ivyuma vya sodium, carbure de calcium, na phosphide d’aluminium).
• Diama y’Igice c’Umwirabura / Igice c’Umweru (Class 8 Corrosive): Asidi canke alkali zikomeye zisenya utugingo ngengabuzima tw’umuntu zigakorana n’ivyuma kugira ngo zivemwo gaze y’ihydrogène iturika.
• Diama yera ifise ukwezi gutatu kw’umwirabura (Ikintu candukira / Biohazard co mu rwego rwa 6.2) canke umuhondo-urengeye-umweru (Ikigo ca 7 gitera imishwarara): Ibikoresho vy’ubuvuzi bisongoye, ibitera indwara biva mu maraso, canke ivy’ubuvuzi vy’inganda/isotopes z’ubuvuzi (Ir-192, Cs-137, Co-60) vyatawe mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko canke vyibwe mu bikamyo vy’ubwubatsi. Ntukigere wegera; kuguma uhagaze n’ingabo y’amametero 100 (amafuti 330).

3. Gusobanura NFPA 704 "Amadayimoni y'umuriro" ku bidengeri bihoraho n'ibikoresho vy'ibikorwa¶

Muri Amerika y’Uburaruko no mu bibanza vyinshi vy’inganda kw’isi yose, ibidengeri bihagaze, amatote be n’ingoma z’inganda vyerekana idayimoni y’amabara ane (NFPA 704) igabanywemwo utudayimoni dutoduto tune dufise inomero kuva ku 1990. 0 (akaga gatoyi) ku 4 (akaga gakomeye):

• Diama y'ubururu bw'ibubamfu (Ikibazo c'amagara):
  • 4 = Ishobora kwica iyo umuntu ayikoresheje mu gihe gito (nk’akarorero, cyanure d’hydrogène, aside d’hydrofluorique, phosgène).
  • 3 = Ivy’ubumara canke ivy’ubumara; bitera amaso/urukoba guturika bidashobora gusubira inyuma canke gukomeretsa cane umubiri (nk’akarorero, klorine, aside sulfurique, amoniya idafise amazi).
• Diama y'umutuku yo hejuru (Ikibazo co kwaka):
  • 4 = Ihinduka umwuka ningoga iyo hari umuvuduko w’ikirere n’ubushuhe busanzwe, igasha bitagoranye (nk’akarorero, propane, acetylène, diéthyl éther, hydrogène).
  • 3 = Ibintu bimeze nk’amazi n’ibintu bikomeye bishobora kwaka hafi mu bihe vyose vy’ubushuhe (ubushuhe buri munsi ya degre 23 Celsius / degre 73 Fahrenheit, nka peteroli, acetone, benzene, toluène).
• Diama y'umuhondo y'iburyo (Ukudashikama / Ingaruka yo gusubira inyuma):
  • 4 = Ishobora guturika canke guturika bitagoranye mu bushuhe n’inguvu bisanzwe (nk’akarorero, nitroglycérine, aside picrique, peroxydes organiques).
  • 3 = Ishobora guturika canke guturika iyo ishushe mu nzu y’imbohe canke ivanze n’amazi.
• Diama yera yo hasi (Ivyago bidasanzwe):
  • <s>W</s> = Igira ico ikoze ku bukazi canke ku guturika n’amazi.
  • OX = Igikoresho gikomeye gitera umuriro canke kigaturitsa ibintu bifise ubuzima ata n’ikibiriti.
  • SA = Gaz asphyxiant yoroshe ihindura umwuka w’ikirere umuntu ashobora guhema.

Igice ca 2: Ibimenyetso vy'ibidukikije vy'ubutaka canke amazi yamenetse¶

Rimwe na rimwe abatera ibikoresho bitemewe n’amategeko ntibasiga ingoma inyuma; ahubwo, ikamyo itwara amazi y’umuyagankuba ikwegera ku kiraro co mu ntara c’umwiza, ku nzira y’amabuye y’agaciro, canke ku nzira y’amazi y’igihuhusi ku isaha zibiri z’ijoro, igafungura umupfundikizo wo gukura amazi inyuma igihe iriko iratwara, maze igakura amalita 5.000 gushika ku 20.000 (1.300 gushika ku 5.000 toxitch gallons) y’amazi direct or cre.

Menya ibi bimenyetso bitanu vy’imburi vy’umubiri vy’aho umuntu ashobora guterera imiti mu gicugu:

1. Ivyatsi vyaturitse mu buryo butunguranye: Igipande c'ivyatsi, ivyatsi bibi, canke ibiti vyahindutse vyera, umuhondo, canke umuhondo w'umuhondo mw'ijoro ryose ku rutugu rw'inzira canke ku nzira y'amazi, vyerekana ko hariho ikinogo c'aside ikomeye, alkali, umunyu, canke herbi yihariye.
2. Umunywamazi ukeye n'"Imibumbe iriko irarohama" mu binogo:
   • Ibintu bitagira amazi bireremba (LNAPLs): Amavuta ya peteroli, dizeli, kerosene, toluene, n’amavuta y’amabuye y’agaciro bireremba hejuru y’amazi, bikaba bituma habaho igipande c’umunywamazi kidaca mu bipande vy’imfuruka iyo giteye inkoni (bitandukanye n’igipande c’ivyuma bitagira akamaro nk’ivyuma bitagira akaga yateye).
   • Ibintu bitagira amazi bishobora kurohama (DNAPLs): Ibintu bikoreshwa mu nganda bifise klorine (tricloroethylene / TCE, perchloroethylene / PCE, kloride de méthylène), PCBs, na creosote biremereye kuruta amazi. Bica mu mwonga canke mw’ivu bitasigaye bica ku ruhande, bikaja mu mazi bigororotse bikaja hasi mu mfuruka y’amazi kugira ngo bitere ubumara mu mariba y’amazi yo kunywa ari kure cane mu myaka mirongo.
3. Iminuko y'imiti idasanzwe (n'umutego w'"Urushe rw'iminuko"):
   • Impumuro nziza, y’imbuto, canke y’ivyo gukuraho imisumari: Amaketoni (acetone, MEK), estere, canke amavuta y’ibimota neza (benzène, toluène, xylène).
   • Kloroforme, etere, canke umunuko w’ivyo gusukura vyumye: Ivyo gusukura bifise kloro (TCE, PCE, tetraklorure de carbone).
   • Ikimera kirura: Ivyuma vy’amazi (\(\text{HCN}\)) gaze (menya ko 30% gushika kuri 50% vy’abantu mu vy’ivyaduka badashobora kunuka ikimera kirura).
   • Amagi yaboze: Ikibiriti c’amazi (\(\igisomwa{H}_2\igisomwa{S}\)) canke mercaptans. IMBURIZO IKOMEYE: Ku bice vyinshi, bishobora kwica vuba birenze ibice 100 ku miliyoni, iyo hydrogène sulfure irarema umutsi w’umuntu wo kunumva mu guhema 2 canke 3, igatuma umunuko w’amagi aboze uzimangana bukwi na bukwi imbere y’uko uwo muntu apfuye ata co azi. Niwaba wumvise umunuko w’amagi yaboze, amoniya ikarishe, umuti wo gusukura amazi, canke umwotsi w’ibinyabuzima bimota hanze, uce uva aho hantu uri hejuru y’umuyaga ubwo nyene kandi ntukigere ugerageza gukurikira izuru ryawe kugira uronke aho biva.
4. Ifi zipfuye, ibikere, ibisiga, canke inyoni ziri mu mugende w’amazi: Itsinda ry’ibinyabuzima vyo mu mazi canke udukoko twapfuye bikikuje umugende canke ikidengeri ni ikimenyetso c’ibinyabuzima c’uko hariho cyanide, amoniya, imiti y’ibikoko, canke amazi agenda afise pH nto/irengeye.
5. Ivu ry’Umuyaga, ry’Umuyaga, canke ry’Umuyaga: Amazi atera ibibumbano, atera umuyaga, canke atanga umwotsi w’umweru/uw’umuhondo iyo akoranye n’ivu ry’amazi canke amabuye y’agaciro yerekana aside y’amabuye y’agaciro (nk’aside hydrochlorique, sulfurique, canke nitrique) ikorana n’urutare rwa carbonate.

Igice ca 3: Gukingira amariba y’abantu ku giti cabo, amatungo n’ikirere co mu nzu¶

Iyo habaye ugusuka ibintu bitemewe n’amategeko ku butaka bwawe, ku ruhande rw’imbere y’inzira yawe, canke mu musozi w’itongo ryawe, uce ukora ubwo nyene kugira ngo uhagarike inzira zitatu abantu bashobora gushikirwamwo: gufata amazi yo kunywa, kwinjira kw’umwotsi, no gukurikirana ivu mu nzu.

1. Iriba ry'abantu ku giti cabo n'amatungo yo kwitandukanya n'amazi¶

Iyo havumbuwe ikinogo c’imiti canke ingoma ivuza mu metero 300 (amafuti 1.000) y’iriba ryawe ry’amazi ry’ibanga, canke ahantu hose hejuru y’umusozi mu gice c’amazi co hejuru canke mu karere k’amazi y’amabuye y’agaciro:

• Flip the circuit breaker 240-volt y'ipompo yawe y'iriba ry'amazi kugira ngo izime ubwo nyene. Gukomeza gukoresha ipompo yawe y'iriba bikwegera cone y'ugucika intege mu mazi yo munsi y'ubutaka, bikanyonka n'umwete umuyagankuba w'imiti ukaja hasi bigana ku gipfukisho c'iriba ryawe maze bikakwegeranya ibintu bitera ubumara mu rugo rwawe.
• Hindurira ubwo nyene amazi yo mu cupa ku vyo kunywa vyose, guteka, amavuta y’abana, gukaraba amenyo, n’amazi y’ibikoko.
• NTUgerageze "guteka" amazi y'iriba yandujwe n'imiti. Mu gihe guteka kwica imigera y'ibinyabuzima (raba ivyacu amazi yose yo mu gisagara yose akaruhuka no guteka amazi guide), amazi ahiye yandujwe n’imiti y’ibinyabuzima ishobora guhungabana (benzene, TCE, fuels) ahindura imiti y’ubumara ihinduka umwuka agororotse mu kirere c’igikoni cawe kugira ngo umuryango wawe uyihumeke, mu gihe yibanda ku vyuma biremerera (lead, arsenic, chromium) n’ibinyabuzima bidashobora guhungabana.
• NTUKYOGE canke ngo woze amasahani mu mazi akekwa ko afise ubuhumane bw’ibinyabuzima canke amavuta: Ibintu bishobora guhungabana (VOCs) bifata vuba cane biciye ku ruhu rushushe rutose maze bikahinduka umwotsi w’amazi ashushe ku rugero rw’incuro 3 gushika ku 5 rw’urugero rw’ugushikirwa n’ivyo umuntu anywa iyo anywa amazi.
• Uzingire ibidengeri maze ukure amatungo mu matongo y’amazi ubwo nyene: Inka, amafarasi, intama n’imbwa birakwegwakwegwa n’umunyu canke uburyohe bw’ibisigazwa bimwebimwe vy’inganda, ivy’ugukingira ubukonje (ethylene glycol), n’ivy’amabuye y’agaciro. Gufunga amatungo mu kibanza co mu misozi kivomerwa gusa n’ibidengeri vy’ububiko bisukuye gushika ivyigwa vy’abahinga mu vy’ibidukikije vya Leta bikuyeho uburagiriro.
• Saba Igerageza ry’Iriba ryemejwe na EPA / Laboratwari Yemewe: Imbere yo gusubira gufungura iriba ryawe, nusabe igisata c’ubuzima co mu ntara yawe canke ikigo c’ibidukikije co muri leta kigerageze amazi atagiramwo ibinure kugira ngo ubone Uburyo bwa EPA 524.2 / 8260 (Ibintu bishobora guhungabana / VOCSe-ga) (SVOCs), Ivyuma bikomeye vya RCRA 8, na TPH (Ivyuma vyose biva muri peteroli). Raba ivyacu Ipompa y'iriba irananirwa n'iriba ry'umuntu ku giti ciwe ryanduye uburongozi bw’intambwe zo gukira mu buryo bushitse.

2. Gukuraho ubuhumane bw’abantu n’ibikoko (Iyo Bipfutse canke Bishizwe ahabona)¶

Nimba wewe, umwana canke igikoko co mu nzu mwateye mu mpanuka ikidengeri c’imiti, mukora ku ngoma ivuza, canke mugenda mu mwuka w’imiti imbere y’uko mumenya ico ari co:

1. Ukureho inkweto n’impuzu zo hanze vyanduye ubwo nyene: Nibura 80 kw’ijana vy’ubwandu bw’imiti bikurwako gusa mu gukurako impuzu zo hanze n’ibirato imbere yo kwinjira mu nzu yawe canke mu modoka yawe. Koresha inkoni canke ibiganza bifise amaganzu kugira ngo ukureho inkweto maze uzishire mu masaho aremereye y’ibikoresho vy’impuzu.
2. Ubanze ukure amavuta y’amazi canke ikintu gikoreshwa mu gusukura urukoba, hanyuma ushire amazi menshi mu minota 15 gushika kuri 20: Ku bijanye n’amazi y’amazi, alkali, canke imiti y’uburimyi iri ku rukoba canke mu maso, ushiremwo ubudasiba munsi y’umuyoboro w’amazi wo mw’itongo canke mu gikarabiro mu minota **nibura 15 gushika kuri **20 guturika cane no gusukura imiti na imiti yamenetse abarongozi). Hamagara Ikigo kijejwe gucungera ubumara (1-800-222-1222 muri Amerika, 1-844-764-7669 muri Kanada, 111 canke 999 mu Bwongereza) mu gihe uriko urakaraba.

Igice ca 4: Kuzigama aho ubugizi bwa nabi bwabereye no kwikingira inshingano zo gusukura¶

Kimwe mu bintu bitera ubwoba cane abafise amatongo yo mu misozi, abarimyi, n'abafise ubucuruzi buto ni iki: *"Iyo abagizi ba nabi batera imibindi itanu y'imyanda y'ubumara ku mfuruka y'inyuma y'itongo ryanje mu gicugu, nkabimenyesha leta, ikigo kijejwe ibidukikije coba kizompatira kwishura $50,000 hazardoup waste?"

1. Uko "Uwufise ubutaka ataco yakoze" n'uburinzi bw'"Itegeko ry'ubugizi bwa nabi ry'uwundi muntu" bukora¶

Mu mategeko agenga ibidukikije, harimwo na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika Itegeko ryerekeye inyishu y’ibidukikije, indishi, n’uburenganzira (CERCLA / Superfund Section 107(b)(3) Ukwirinda kw’uwundi muntu), leta Inyishu y’ibidukikije vyihutirwa / Porogarama zo gukingira impfuvyi, UK- Amasezerano y'ubutegetsi bw'intara**, n'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi Itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw'ibidukikije, amahera ya Leta yo gufasha mu bihe vy'ivyago ariho canecane kugira ngo atore kandi akureho "impfuvyi" canke ingoma ziteye akaga zajugunywe mu buryo bw'ubugizi bwa nabi ku **igiciro zero ku nyen'ubutaka ataco yakoze. gutuma ivyo bimeneka bikomera:

• Itegeko rya 1: Umenyeshe ivyo wavumbuye ubwo nyene (mu masaha makeyi, nta misi canke amezi). Mu mategeko ya CERCLA n’amategeko agenga ibidukikije, kunanirwa gutanga raporo y’ugusohoka kw’akaga kutaremewe iyo umaze kubimenya, canke guhisha ingoma mu kigega, birasambura uwundi muntu ataco yakoze.
• Itegeko rya 2: Ntukigere wimura, ukomeza, usuka, canke ukurura ingoma wewe nyene. Iyo ushize ingoma ziteye akaga zahebwe mu modoka yawe bwite kugira ngo "uzijane ku kinogo c'ibiziga" canke uzikurure mu nzira y'umubanyi, **uba "Umutwara" wewe nyene ku butungane bw’ubugizi bwa nabi no ku bijanye n’amahera akomeye. Siga ingoma zitakozwe aho abagizi ba nabi bazitereye.
• Itegeko rya 3: Kuronka raporo y’ubugizi bwa nabi ya polisi yanditse (Illegal Dumping / Criminal Trespass). Iyo uhamagara 911 n'umurongo wawe w'ibidukikije, uvuge mu buryo butomoye uti: *"Abagizi ba nabi batazwi baje mu nzu yanje mw'ijoro ryose maze baheba mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko ibikoresho vy'imiti bishobora gutera akaga. Ndasaba ko HAZMAT ikora isuzuma ry'ivyihutirwa be n'uko abajejwe gukurikiza amategeko bakora isuzuma ry'ivyihutirwa." Igitigiri c’Ivyabaye vya Polisi na Igitigiri c’Ikigo c’Igihugu co Gutabara (NRC) / Igitigiri c’Ivyabaye muri Leta.

2. Ivyemezo vy’aho ubugizi bwa nabi bwabereye kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gufotora ari kure cane (Atarinjiye mu karere gashushe)¶

Abajejwe kubungabunga ibidukikije be n’abatohoza ivy’ubugizi bwa nabi bo muri EPA barafata kandi bagakurikirana abatera ibintu mu gicugu, bagahatira ishirahamwe ry’uwabikoze kwishura 100 kw’ijana vy’amahera yo gusukura, bakoresheje ibimenyamenya vy’umubiri vyasigaye aho baterera. Kuva hanze y'umuyaga wo hejuru, zigama kandi wandike:

• Imirongo y’amapine n’ubwaguke bw’imirongo y’amapine mu rutare, mu mabuye, canke mu rubura imbere y’uko imvura canke amakamyo y’abazimya umuriro agenda hejuru yayo (fata amafoto mu nzira yerekana inzira y’injira/isohoka maze umenyeshe umupolisi wa mbere ashitse ngo akureho inzira z’amapine).
• Inomero z’ingoma, ibimenyetso vyo gutwara, ibimenyetso vy’amabara, canke ibimenyetso vy’amapaleti biboneka biciye ku nzira yawe yo gukuraho amasanamu canke telefoto (abatanga imiti bakurikirana inomero z’ingoma gushika ku ruganda rwo kugura).
• Inzu, trail-camera, canke amasanamu y'umutekano w'ababanyi: Ubwo nyene ufunge kandi ubike amasanamu yose yafashwe n'amasanamu y'inzira y'imodoka yawe, amasanamu y'inzira y'ibisiga, canke amasanamu y'inzira y'ubucuruzi y'ababanyi hagati ya 22:00 na 06:00 kugira ngo ufate ikamyo y'amasandugu, tanker thatd.be yawe

3. Imirongo yemewe yo gutanga raporo y'imyanda iteye akaga mu bihe vyihutirwa¶

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Ikigo ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kijejwe gukingira ibidukikije (EPA) n’Ikigo c’Igihugu co Gufasha (NRC): Ivyihutirwa vyo gufasha ku ngoma z’impfuvyi n’imyanda iteye akaga yahebwe, *CERCLA Igice ca 107(b)(3) Amabwirizwa y’Umuntu wa Gatatu / Umunyabutaka ataco yakoze 825d. Amategeko yo Gufata Ivyitegererezo VOC y’Iriba ry’Ibanga.
• Ikigo kijejwe umutekano w’imiyoboro n’ibikoresho bishobora gutera akaga (PHMSA / Igisata c’ivy’ingendo ca Amerika), Transport Canada, na UNECE: Igitabo c’Inyigisho z’Ivyihutirwa (ERG) inzira z’intango zo kwitandukanya n’ibikorwa vyo kwikingira ku bihugu vy’Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU vy’Ivyago vyo mu rwego rwa 1 gushika ku rwa 9 n’ibindi bitazwi.
• Ikigo c'Igihugu c'Umutekano n'Ubuzima ku Kazi (NIOSH / CDC) n'Ubuyobozi bw'Umutekano n'Ubuzima ku Kazi (OSHA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Igitabo c'Impanuro ku Mutekano n'Ubuzima ku Kazi ku Bibanza vy'Imyanda Iteye Akaga (Igitabo c'ibigo 4 cakozwe na NIOSH/OSHA/USCGlzack-zack d-EPA, urushe rwo kunumva ruterwa n’ivyo bita hydrogène sulfure).
• Ikigo kijejwe gukurikiza amategeko agenga ibiyayuramutwe (DEA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika) n’Ikigo c’Uburaya kijejwe gukurikirana ibiyayuramutwe n’ubusambanyi (EMCDDA): Ingingo ngenderwako z’abajejwe gukurikiza amategeko n’abafise ubutaka ku bijanye n’imyanda yo mu laboratwari y’ibiyayuramutwe (amacupa y’ibiyayuramutwe y’ibanga y’ibiyayuramutwe, amacupa y’ibiyayuramutwe y’ibiyayuramutwe, an phohydrous).
• Ikigo c’Ibidukikije n’Igisata c’Ibidukikije, Ivyokurya n’Ivyaro (DEFRA, Ubwongereza): Itegeko ry’Igihugu ry’Inyishu ku Gutera Ingurube n’Imyanda Itera Akaga ku bafise amatongo yigenga hamwe n’ubutegetsi bw’intara.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Imiti yamenetse
• Guturika cane no gusukura imiti
• Ubumara
• Igisasu c'uruganda rw'imiti, gusohoka kw'igariyamoshi, n'ikidodo c'ubuhungiro mu kibanza
• Ipompa y'iriba irasenyuka n'ukwanduzwa kw'iriba ry'abikorera ku giti cabo
• Amazi yose yo mu gisagara yose akaruhuka no guteka amazi
• Imiti yica ibikoko, ifumbire yanduye, n'ubumara bwo mw'ivu
• Inomero z'ivyihutirwa