Imyobo y'Umucungezi w'Ikinogo, Imigozi Yafashe, n'Ibihunga vy'Umwuzure¶

Kumanuka mu mwonga mutoyi wo mu misozi miremire ya Colorado (Siyoni, Escalante, Ikigo c’Abasuma, Mowabu, San Rafael Swell, canke Capitol Reef), mu misozi ya Sierra de Guara muri Esupanye, mu misozi y’ubururu yo muri Ostraliya, canke mu misozi ya Alpes-Maritimes mu Bufaransa, ni ikintu kidasanzwe kidashobora kubabarira kuko ushobora gusubira inyuma. Igihe umugenzi wa nyuma mu mugwi wawe akura umugozi wo gukuraho amazi avuye ku nzira ya mbere y’amazi, umugwi wawe uraheza ugaheza intambamyi yose iri mu mugende. Nk’uko bivugwa n’Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu ry’Ibidukikije ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (NPS Gushaka no Gutabara), Ishirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ry’Ivy’Imisozi (ACA), be na Komisiyo Mpuzamakungu y’Ugutabara abantu mu misozi miremire (ICAR), impfu z’ibinogo vy’ubuhinga n’imitego y’imisi myinshi zikikuje ibintu bine vyihutirwa: (1) Imyobo y’Umucungezi (ibidengeri vy’amabuye y’umusenyi biteye igomwe, bimeze nk’inkengeri vyuzuye ubukonje bugera kuri degre 4 gushika kuri 10 Celsius / 39 gushika kuri 50 degrees rawaitter staheren staheren na 2-ku-4-meter / 7-ku-13-inkuta zimanitse hejuru zidashoboka ku mubiri kwoga canke kuduga zivuyemwo ata bikoresho vy’uguhunga bidasanzwe), (2) Imigozi ya Rappel ifatanye iyo igarutse (isiga umugwi uhagaze hasi y’itonde n’umugozi wo gutera zero High /S)te Wedging Falls** mu binogo bikeyi vy’imirongo V aho gufata mu gikiriza bibuza guhema, na (4) Upstream Flash Flood Surges gutera ibihumbi vy’ibilometero kibe n’ibiti mu nzira y’amabuye y’uburebure bwa metero 1 (ubugari bw’amafuti 3).

Nimba umugwi wawe w’abagendagenda mu misozi ubu uri mu mwobo w’abacungera, ufise umugozi uhagaze munsi y’itonde, ushizwe mu mfuruka y’ibuye ry’umusenyi, canke uhanganye n’amazi y’umwuzure ariko araduga, ushire SOS ku gikoresho cawe co guhanahana amakuru (Garmin inReach, ACR ResQLink PLB, Zoleo, canke Apple Emergency SOS via Satellite) mu gushiramwo antene ata guca ku ruhande munsi y’umurongo mutoyi cane w’ikirere kigutse (canyon slot zenith), hamagara inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 mu bihugu vyose vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburaya, 999 mu Bwongereza), canke urabe ububiko bwacu bw’ibitabu mpuzamakungu . inomero z'ivyihutirwa. Kurikiza ubuhinga bwo guhunga no kurokoka ubwo nyene buri aha hepfo.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. NTUZIGEZE ureka umuntu wa nyuma akagwa mu mwobo w'amabuye y'umusenyi utagenzuwe gushika umuntu wa mbere amaze kuduga avuye ku munwa wa kure CANKE yemeje ko ashobora gukora hasi agasohoka: Mu "Mwobo w'Umucungezi" (aho urugero rw'amazi rwicaye hejuru ya metero 1,5 gushika kuri 4 / 5 gushika kuri 13 feet the sandstone, kure cane kugira ngo uhagarare hasi), iyo ikipe yawe yose iteye imbere mu kidengeri co kwogeramwo maze ikure umugozi hasi, mwese muzorohama kubera urushe n’ubushuhe bwinshi muri kumwe. Gumana umugozi wa rappel ushizwe hejuru, ugumana n’imiburiburi umuntu umwe akomeye w’inanga ku ruhande rwo hejuru, hanyuma wohereze uwuzoyoga wa mbere amanuke ku nzira imwe gusa yacerewe canke igumye kugira ngo bashobore kuduga umugozi canke gusubirwamwo hejuru nimba badashobora kurenga umunwa wo hasi.
2. Nimba usanzwe ufunzwe mu mwobo w’Umucungezi ata mugozi ushizwe hejuru, HAGANIKA gukubita uruhome rw’amabuye y’umusenyi atose maze wubake Pack Toss / Potshot si Counterweight canke abantu benshi bashobora guhagarara ku rutugu ubwo nyene: Igihe ibuye ry’umusenyi ry’i Navajo n’iry’i Wingate ripfutse canke rifise Amazi yo mu mwobo afise ubushuhe bwa degre 7 (degre 45 Fahrenheit) atuma imitsi y’amazi akanye idakora neza (swim failure) mu minota 15 gushika kuri 30. Ushire umuntu wese ku nzira y’amazi itari ndende canke ku bwato bureremba ubwo nyene kugira ngo uzigame ubushuhe bw’umubiri, hanyuma ukoreshe ubuhinga bwa Gutera amapaki afise uburemere, Gutera umufuko w’amapotsi, canke Piramide y’umuntu yinjiye mu mazi mu Ciciro ca 1 kiri musi.
3. Imbere y'uko umuntu wa nyuma atera igitonyanga cose, ushireho Inanga y'Igihe Ishobora Gusohoka (Munter Mule Overhand / MMO canke Totem / FiddleStick) kandi ugerageze-gukwega umugozi wo gukuraho IMBERE yo gukora: Ntukigere ukwega umugozi uciye mu mpeta y’inanga ufise urudodo canke igipande c’ivyuma utagerageje ku bijanye n’ugukwega umugozi ku mahembe y’amabuye y’umusenyi no ku ntumbero z’ugusaduka. Igihe umuntu wa nyuma ari ku nanga, nusabe umugwi uri hasi ukure metero 1 (amafuti 3) y’umurongo wo gukuraho kugira ngo ugenzure ko unyerera ataco ukora imbere y’uko umuntu wa nyuma atera intambwe hejuru y’urubibi.
4. Nimba umugozi wawe wa rappel ufatanye mu gihe co kuwugarura hasi mu gitonyanga, NTUZOKWIGEZE ubohera iyo mirongo ibiri hamwe maze ukaduga kiretse uzi neza 100 kw’ijana igituma ufatanye:
5. Mbere, gerageza guhindura imfuruka yawe yo gukurura (genda kure cane y’urutare kure y’urutare uko bishoboka kwose kugira ngo utere umugozi mu nzira y’iminwa), gukubita/guhindukiza umupfunda hejuru y’urudodo rwo gukurura, canke guhinduranya amasentimetero 30 (inci 12) y’imirongo y’inyuma n’imbere nimba g buri hagati y’ivyo bibiri.
6. Niba utegerezwa kuduga umugozi ufashe kugira ngo uwubohore, soma Itegeko ry’Ukuduga ry’Urudodo Rumwe n’Iry’Imirongo Ibiri mu Gice ca 2 kiri musi kugira ngo ntukwegere uruhande rutazibiwe mu mpeta y’inanga maze ugwe mu rupfu rwawe.
7. Iyo umubande upfutse ukaja mu mfuruka y’uruzitiro rwa V igumye cane ku bibero vyawe canke ibirenge vyawe hasi, NTUGEZE umanuka mu mfuruka (Vertical Wedging Trap): Iyo unyerera mu gihe uriko uratera hejuru y’uruzitiro rw’amabuye y’umusenyi rufise ishusho y’urudome V maze ukagwa mu mfuruka, ububasha bw’isi buratera igihimba cawe c’irondoka, urubavu canke amavi hagati y’inkuta zihurikiye hamwe nk’igipfukisho kiri mu cupa. Igihe cose usohora impwemu, umubiri wawe urarohama milimetero 5 (0,2 inches) mu gice c’umubiri citwa V gushika aho utagishobora kwagura amahaha yawe (positional asphyxiation). Gumana ku nzira yagutse y’uburebure aho ushobora gutera ikiraro mu buryo buringaniye n’umuvuduko w’ikirenge/umugongo urwanya.
8. Niwaba wumvise ijwi ry’igariyamoshi ry’ibicuruzwa rivuza induru, wumva umunuko w’ibitoke vy’umukara/ozone y’ubutaka, canke ubona amazi y’umubande yumye ahinduka umuhondo, agira urufuro, canke atangura kuduga, reka ivyuma vyose maze uduge ku ruhome rwo hejuru cane rw’umubande canke ku nzira y’umuyagankuba ubwo nyene: Umuyaga w’inkuba (19 kilometers can up**) Uruhome rw’amazi rw’amametero 6 (amafuti 20) n’ibiti bimanuka mu mwonga wumye mu minota mikeyi. Ntukigere ugerageza guhunga umwuzure w’amazi umanuka mu mwonga uri hasi; kuduga ahantu havunitse mu ruhome, gutera uruzitiro rw’ibarabara, canke gufatanya n’inanga ndende hejuru y’umurongo w’ibiti vy’amazi vy’akahise, maze urabe ivyacu . gukambika umwuzure w'agahomerabunwa n'umurongozi wo guhunga.

Igiti c'ingingo: ubuhinga bwo gutoranya ivyihutirwa¶

Koresha iki giti c'ingingo y'ubuhinga igihe ikipe yawe ihura n'umwobo w'umurinzi, umugozi wo gukuraho, ukugwa kw'igiti, canke ibimenyetso vy'umwuzure:

flowchart TD
    Crisis["Ivyihutirwa vya Canyon vyahuye n'ubuhinga"] --> Type{"Ni ikihe kibazo c’ivyihutirwa ca Canyon Ufise Ubu?"}

    Type -->|"1. Imyobo Ikomeye Imbere (Canke Isanzwe Imbere)"| PotholeCheck{"Mbega Hari Umuntu Akiri Hejuru y’Ikinogo co ku Ruzitiro rwo Hejuru?"}
    PotholeCheck -->|"Ego: Nkiri ku ruhande"| TopRigg["NTUKORE VYOSE: Gumana Umugozi Ushizwe Hejuru + Belay Lead Swimmer CANKE Utere Pack/Potshots Iremewe Mu Kinogo Cose Mbere"]
    PotholeCheck -->|"Oya: Ikipe yose yafunzwe mu mwobo"| EscapeBuild["Kuzigama ubushuhe ku nzira/amapaki -> Gukora Potshot/Pack Counterweight Gutera hejuru y'umunwa CANKE munsi y'amazi ku rutugu Piramide + Gushiramwo urudodo"]

    Type -->|"2. Umugozi wa Rappel Ufashe ku Kugarura"| BothEnds{"Mbega Impembe ZOBIRI z’Umugozi Ziracari Hasi Hasi?"}
    BothEnds -->|"Ego: Vyose bihera mu kuboko"| AnglePull["Intambwe Inyuma Hasi-Canyon kugira ngo Ushire Iminwa Imwe -> Guhinduranya Gukurura Imirongo Yompi -> Duga Gusa Mu Guca Abaduga Ku Mirongo Yompi Hamwe"]
    BothEnds -->|"Oya: Kura Ipfundo Rifashe mu Mpeto / Gusaduka Hagati y'Uruhome"| TieOff["NTUZWIGEZE Uduga Urudodo rwo Gukurura Ubuntu Wenyene -> Ubohe Urudodo Rwompi Hamwe Canke Wubake Inanga Yo Hasi Imbere y'uko Umunya Canyoneer Wese Aduga"]

    Type -->|"3. Canyoneer yashizwe mu gipfukisho gikomeye"| Wedge["NTUSUNIKE Uwagirizwa Hasi -> Rig 3:1 Z-Drag Haul Uvuye Hejuru canke Igiti Iruhande y'Uwagirizwa Kugira ngo Uduze Amafyigo/Imbavu Gushika ku Gice Cagutse"]

    Type -->|"4. Umwuzure w'umuyaga / Amazi y'inzobe / Ugutemba kw'amazi"| Flood["Guheba imigozi n'amapaki aremereye -> Duga Alcove yo mu ruhande / Gusaduka / Uruti rurerure hejuru y'umurongo w'ibiti vy'amazi ubwo nyene"]

Icigwa ca 1: Uko wohunga "Ikinogo c'Umucungezi" (Ukwirinda, Gutera Amapaki, Gutera Amabuye, n'Ibipiramide vy'Abantu)¶

Mu buhinga bwo gukora canyoneering, Keeper Pothole ni ikidengeri c’urutare rwasenyutse kiri hasi mu canyon aho urugero rw’amazi ruri hasi cane ku buryo rudashobora gushika ku munwa wo gusohoka uva ku ruhande rw’amazi, amazi ari maremare cane (canke hasi ari hato cane/arengeye) ku buryo atashobora gusimbuka canke guhagarara, kandi umusenyi ugoramye cane ni gusohoka.

   UPPER CANYON RIM (Rappel Anchor)
==============\
               \     Overhanging Polished Sandstone Exit Lip
                \                     _.-"""-._
                 \                   /         \   <-- Pack / Potshot Bag Tossed
                  |                 |   LIP     \      Over Lip Into Downstream
                  |    1.5m - 3.5m  | (No Holds) \     Crack / Chockstone / Pool
                  |    Vertical     |             \_____________________________
                  |    Smooth Wall  |                    DOWNSTREAM CANYON FLOOR
                  |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|  <-- Freezing Stagnant Water Surface
                  |                 |      (4°C - 10°C / 39°F - 50°F)
                  \                 /
                   \_______________/   <-- Scoured Deep Basin (Cannot Touch Bottom)

1. Itegeko rya Zahabu Imbere yo Kwinjira: "Ugutera Umusaraba" canke "Ugutera Ikimazi".¶

Igihe uhagaze hejuru y’uruzitiro rugwa mu mwobo muremure cane: 1. Gerageza gutera umufuko wawe canke umufuko wawe w’uburemere bwa Potshot wose mu mwobo wose uhereye ku ruhande rwo hejuru IMBERE y’uko umuntu wese awutera: - Boha umugozi wawe wo gukuraho canke umugozi wo gukurura w’imilimetero 6 (0,24-inch) ku Potshot (umufuko w’inylon ukomeye wuzuye ibiro 5 gushika ku 8 / amapawundi 11 gushika ku 18 y’umusenyi canke amabuye y’agaciro yavanwe hasi mu mwonga, canke ibibindi vy’amazi biva hasi mu mwonga) hakurya y’ico kinogo no hejuru y’umunwa wo gusohoka kure**. - Iyo umufuko uremereye ukuye umunwa wa kure maze ugatera hasi mu ruzi (canke ukaja mu mfuruka y’uruzi V-slot/chockstone urenga umunwa), ushire umurongo: umukinyi wa mbere ashobora guca mu mwobo maze agaca yikwegera hejuru no hejuru y’umunwa wa kure akoresheje uwo mugozi ushizwe imbere y’uko umuntu wese akora. - Inyumbu ya Munter Hejuru y'Ukuboko (MMO) canke Biner Block: Gutera nanga ishobora kurekurwa bituma umuvuduko w’amazi uhagaze ushobora guca umanurwa ubwo nyene. - Gumana Canyoneer ya nyuma ku Ruzitiro rwo Hejuru: Canyoneer wa mbere aratera ku nzira imwe idahinduka yambaye wetsuit n’abaduga (Tibloc canke Prusik) kugira ngo bashobore kuduga bagasubira hejuru iyo umunwa wo hasi udashobora guca.

2. Uburyo 5 bwagaragajwe bwo guhunga iyo usanzwe uri mu mwobo w’umucungezi¶

Nimba usanzwe uri hasi mu mwobo w’abarinzi kandi utegerezwa kurenga umunwa w’amabuye y’umusenyi uteye igomwe canke urengeye, kora muri ubu buryo butanu kuva ku bwihuta cane gushika ku buhinga bwinshi:

Icigwa ca 2: Gukingira no guhunga umugozi wa Rappel ufashe mu mwonga¶

Mu mwonga uhagaze ufise amabarabara 6 gushika kuri 15 akurikirana, gukurura umugozi wawe ukamanuka uva kuri Rappel #4 maze ukaraba urudodo rufatanye mu mfuruka y’amabuye y’umusenyi hejuru y’umutwe wawe ni ikintu gishobora gutera ubuzima bwihutirwa: ntushobora kuduga ugasubira hejuru Rappel no1 gushika kuri #3 gushika kuri #5. #15.

1. Uko wokwirinda gufatanya imigozi imbere y’uko umuntu wa nyuma atera (LMAR: Umuntu wa nyuma ari mu kaga)¶

95 kw’ijana vy’imigozi y’imibande ifashe iterwa n’amakosa atatu ashobora gukingirwa akorwa ku nanga imbere y’uko umuntu wa nyuma amanuka: 1. Ikosa A: Gusiga Impeta y'Inanga Hejuru Inyuma ku Gicapo Gisanzwe Aho Kuyishira ku Munwa: - Iyo umugozi wo gumanika canke wo gufatanya igiti wicaye inyuma metero 2 (amafuti 6,5) uvuye ku ruhande rw’urutare ruringaniye, gukurura umugozi uva hasi bikwegera umugozi mu mfuruka y’amabuye y’umusenyi y’amadegre 90, bikaba bitera umugozi wimbitse mu rutare rworoshe maze bikazana ugushikana kwinshi kw’urutare rwo gufunga. - Fix: Kwagura uruzitiro (rappel ring / rapide) imbere ku ruhande rw’umunwa, canke umuntu wa nyuma akoreshe FiddleStick / CEM / Togglerelease ishobora gusubirwamwo kugira ngo nta n’urudodo rutegerezwa guca ku ruhande. 2. Ikosa B: Kwemera ko iyo mirongo ibiri igobekanya (Barber-Poling: - Iyo uteretse ku mirongo ibiri ukoresheje igikoresho gisanzwe co kumanuka c’igishushanyo ca 8 utatandukanije iyo mirongo, iyo mirongo iragobeka iyo mirongo ibiri incuro 10 gushika ku 20 mu nzira imanuka. Iyo ukuruye urudodo rumwe hasi, izo nzira zigoramye zirateranira hamwe ku mpeta yo hejuru cane zigafatanya nk’umutego w’urutoke rw’Abashinwa. - Gukosora: Gukora Igipande c'Ibikoresho (Canyoneering Contingency Anchor): gusa ushire urudodo rumwe mu rutare mbere (ugumize umufuko wo gukurako ushire ku nanga canke ukawuterera ukwawo hanze y’urudodo rwa rappel) kugira ngo iyo mirongo ibiri ntiyigere izunguruka. 3. Ikosa C: Kureka Ipfundo ryo Gusubizaho Rikagwa Mu V-Crack ku Gukura-Hasi: - Igihe umuntu wa nyuma azoba arangije gutera Biner Block setup, suzuma ko ari urudodo rwo gukurura, ufungure urudodo rwa carabiner iyo rumanutse, maze ugenzure impera igwa uko ukurura kugira ngo impera y’umugozi utose uremereye ntikubite ihembe canke ishami ry’igiti mu nzira imanuka.

2. Intambwe ku yindi gukira igihe umugozi wawe wanse gukurura hasi¶

Iyo ukuruye umugozi wo gukuraho ibintu uri hasi y’uruzitiro maze ugafunga neza, NTUGIRE abantu batatu bamanitse uburemere bwabo bwose ku mugozi kugira ngo bawukure cane: gukurura n’inguvu zifise ibiro 300 bikwegera urudodo canke umugozi gushika kure cane mu kibanza c’ibuye ry’umusenyi ni weltilent V-crack. Ahubwo, nukore muri izi ntambwe zine:

1. Intambwe ya 1 (Suzuma nimba uriko urakwega urudodo rutari rwo canke nimba urudodo rugoramye):
2. Raba hejuru ukoresheje amataratara canke zoom ku kamera yawe ya telefone ngendanwa: mbega izo nsinga zibiri zigoramye zikikuje izindi munsi y’uruzitiro? Nyiganyiga umupfunda munini uhagaze (whip) hejuru y’umugozi kugira ngo ufungure ibizingo biri hafi y’impeta.
3. Nimba iyo mpera yompi iguma ishika hasi kandi ata gipande c’ivyuma kiri ku mpeta, gerageza gukurura uwundi murongo amasentimetero 30 (inci 12) inyuma kugira ngo usubire inyuma umugozi usohoke mu mfuruka.
4. Intambwe ya 2 (Genda kure cane y'uruhome-canyon kure y'uruhome uko bishoboka kwose kugira ngo uhindure mfuruka y'umurongo):
5. Gukwega umugozi ugororotse hasi ku musozi w’urutare bica bipfuka umugozi ku rugero rwa degre 180 hejuru y’umunwa w’ibuye ry’umusenyi. Tambura metero 15 gushika kuri 30 (amafuti 50 gushika kuri 100) umanuke hasi mu mwonga (canke utere hejuru ku ruhome rw’umubande ruteganye na rwo) kugira ngo umurongo wawe wo gukurura ukore imfuruka y’amadegre 30 gushika kuri 45 n’umunwa wo hejuru, ushire umugozi hejuru uvuye mu nzira y’amabuye y’umusenyi.
6. Intambwe ya 3 (Itegeko RYICA Imbere yo Kuduga Umugozi Ufashe):

Icigwa ca 3: Guhunga umutego mutoyi w'"ugufyonda / V-Slot"¶

Ivyumba vyinshi vyo mu misozi miremire ya Colorado (Shenanigans, Middle Leprechaun, Brimstone, Spooky, Zero Gravity) zigabanuka zigashika ku masentimetero 20 gushika kuri 35 (inci 8 gushika kuri 14) mu bwaguke, zigatuma abagenda mu binogo bashobora gutera (ikiraro kiringaniye) metero 3 gushika kuri 15 hejuru y’ubutaka bw’ibinogo aho inkuta zifise ubwaguke buhagije kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gushika ku mubiri.

1. Kubera iki Gugwa Mu V-Slot Bica Bitera Ubuzima Ubwo nyene (Positional Asphyxiation & Compartment Crush)¶

Iyo inkweto y’umunyamibande inyerera ku mabuye y’umusenyi y’umusenyi maze ikagwa mu buryo buhagaze mu mfuruka y’umusenyi iri musi: 1. Igihimba cavyo c’irondoka, amatako canke imbavu zavyo birafatanya cane hagati y’izo mpome zibiri z’urutare, ibirenge vyavyo bikaba bizunguruka mu kirere ata co kimaze. 2. Respiratory Ratchet (Positional Asphyxiation): Iyo igifu c’umuntu gipfutse hagati y’inkuta zibiri, igihe cose ahumeka, urubavu rwiwe ruragabanya n’amasentimetero 1 gushika kuri 2 (0,4 gushika kuri 0,8 inches) maze uburemere bw’isi buranyerera mu mubiri wiwe, bugatuma umubiri wiwe ugenda ushika kure cane, ukawukura mu gipfukisho ciwe c’inyuma. 3. Suspension Trauma & Crush Syndrome: Mu minota 20 gushika kuri 45 umuntu amaze gujanjagurwa amatako canke igihimba c’irondoka mu rutare ruhagaze, amaraso y’imitsi araza mu maguru yo hasi (orthostatic shock) maze imitsi yajanjaguwe igatangura kurekura potasiyumu na myoglobine (rhabdomyolysis; reba ivyacu gukomeretswa n'ubuyobozi bw'indwara y'ibice).

2. Amategeko yo gutabara ubwo nyene ku muntu agenda mu mwonga¶

1. Intambwe ya 1 (Gushigikira Uburemere Bwabo Uvuye Hasi Canke Hejuru mu Masegonda 60 Yambere):
2. Reka uwo mufatanije umugwi ahite ahagarara munsi canke iruhande y’uwagirizwa (ku rugero rwagutse) kugira ngo uwo muntu ashobore gushira ibirenge vyiwe ku bitugu vy’umurokozi, ku matako, canke ku gipande c’umubavu kugira ngo akureho uburemere bw’isi buva ku rubavu rwiwe.
3. Intambwe ya 2 (NTUKIGERE USUNIKA Hasi; Wame Uduza Hejuru Uja ku Murongo Wagutse):
4. Kubera ko ibihengeri vy’amabuye y’umusenyi bica imbere nk’urudome V bigana hasi bigaca bica ibibatsi bigana hanze bigana hejuru, kuja imbere mu buryo buringaniye ku burebure bw’umuntu apfuye ubu akenshi birananirwa. Utegerezwa guterura uwo muntu agororotse UP 15 gushika kuri 45 sentimeters (6 gushika kuri 18 inches) mu karere kagutse kahagaze ubwa mbere.
5. Intambwe ya 3 (Gutera hejuru 3:1 Z-Drag canke Pack/Ibuye ry'Ibuye):
6. Iyo uwo muntu apfutse cane ku buryo adashobora guterura n’ukuboko, ushire umufuko w’amazi, umufuko wa Potshot, canke ibuye ry’agaciro mu mfuruka hejuru y’uwo muntu (canke ushire abarokozi babiri hejuru yabo), ushire umugozi (Micro Traxion).

Icigwa ca 4: Gurokoka umwuzure w'amazi imbere mu mwonga w'ubuhinga¶

Imyuzure y’amazi ni co kintu kimwe gusa cica cane mu binogo vy’ubugaragwa kubera ko amazi y’amabuye y’umusenyi atagira ikintu anywa amazi y’imvura: imvura y’imilimetero 10 (inci 0,4) igwa ku kinogo c’amabuye y’agaciro c’ibilometero 50 (20-square-miles) c’ibilometero20. litiro z’amazi mu mfuruka y’urutare y’ubwaguke bwa metero 1,5 gusa.

1. Menya ibimenyetso 4 vy'imburi y'umwuzure w'umuyaga:
2. Ijwi: Ijwi ry’agaciro gatoyi, ridahera ry’ugutontomera canke ry’ugutontomera risubira mu mpome z’imibande (kenshi ryitwa umuyaga canke indege y’indege) riterwa n’amabuye n’ibiti bitera imbere y’aho umwuzure utera.
3. Umunuko: Umunuko w’agahomerabunwa w’ibiti vy’ubugaragwa vy’amazi, ivy’amasederi, n’ivy’ibumba ry’amazi bitwarwa n’umuyaga w’imbere w’amazi.
4. Amazi Ahinduka: Amazi asukuye atemba hasi mu mwonga ahinduka bukwi na bukwi ibara ry’umuhondo ry’isokoroti, ry’ibitovu, canke ry’amata, atwara amashami yumye, inshinge z’imiberoshi, n’ifu y’umuhondo, canke akaduga mbere n’amasentimetero 2 (1 inch).
5. Ijuru n’Ijwi: Inkuba ivuga ku mpande z’imisozi, naho umurongo mutoyi w’ikirere uri hejuru y’umutwe usa n’uw’izuba n’ubururu.
6. Ibikorwa vyo guhunga ubwo nyene (Itegeko ry'amasegonda 60):
7. NTUZOKWIGEZE ugerageza kwiruka mu mwonga kugira ngo utsinde umwuzure: Igikoresho co gutera umwuzure gica ku bilometero 10 gushika kuri 25 kw’isaha (ibilometero 6 gushika kuri 15 kw’isaha) ku butaka bugutwara isaha imwe ku kilometero kugira ngo ugende no kwoga.
8. Raba HEJURU inkuta z'imibande ubwo nyene ubone "Ubuhungiro bw'amazi maremare":
   • Scan inkuta zompi kugira ngo ubone amabarabara, amabarabara yagutse, amazi yo mu ruhande, canke amabarabara atemba ari hejuru y’umurongo w’ibiti vy’amazi / ibisigazwa vy’umwuzure bifatanye n’inkuta z’imisozi.
   • Nimba uri mu gice gitoyi gifise uruhome ruhagaze ata n’ibipande, stem up (chimney climb) mu mufuko wagutse wa metero 5 gushika ku 10 (amafuti 16 gushika ku 33) hejuru y’ubutaka, ushire umufuko wawe wo mu mwonga nk’aho wicara, canke ushire mu nanga ndende y’uruzitiro rwo hejuru y’inzira y’amazi.
9. Kukura ku migozi idahinduka imanikijwe hasi mu mugende w’umwuzure: Ntukigere uguma ufatanye n’umugozi w’ibarabara umurizo wawo umanitse hasi mu mazi y’umwuzure ariko ariruka; iyo ibiti bireremba n’amazi y’inzobe bifashe umugozi wo hasi w’amametero 20 (amafuti 65), urakwegera hasi n’inguvu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi vy’ama newton, ukagukurura ku ruhande rwawe canke ukaguca umugozi wawe mu rukenyerero. Kata canke ukwegere hejuru umurizo w’umugozi wo hasi ubwo nyene.
10. Igihe ugeze ku butaka burengeye, witegure kurindira amasaha 6 gushika kuri 24: Imyuzure yo mu bugaragwa iratera cane kandi akenshi iragabanuka igasubira ku rugero rwo guca mu masaha 6 gushika kuri 18, naho nyene imyobo y’abacungera amazi iherutse gusukurwa mu ruzi ubu izoba yuzuye ivu n’ibisigazwa vy’amazi bireremba. Ushireko wetsuit yawe canke ivyumye ubwo nyene kugira ngo wirinde . ubushuhe bwo mu bugaragwa mu gihe barindiriye umwuzure.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Ni kuki abagendera mu misozi bambara impuzu z’amazi zikomeye cane zifise uburebure bwa milimetero 5 gushika ku milimetero 7 kandi bakajana n’ibikoresho vyo gukingira ubushuhe igihe bagendagenda mu bushuhe bwo mu bugaragwa bwa Utah bufise ubushuhe bwa 38°C (100°F)?¶

Ivyo binogo vy’amazi vy’i Siyoni, Escalante na Glen Canyon bifise uburebure bwa metero 60 gushika ku metero 300 (amafuti 200 gushika ku 1.000) n’ubwaguke bwa metero 1 gushika ku metero 2 (amafuti 3 gushika ku metero 6), ivyo bikaba bisobanura ko umuco w’izuba ushobora gushikako . ntiyigera ashika hasi mu mwonga igihe cose co mu mwaka. Amazi y’imvura ahagaze afunzwe mu myobo y’amabuye y’umusenyi afise igitutu aguma ahantu hakanye 4 gushika kuri degre 10 z'ubushuhe (degre 39 gushika kuri 50 Fahrenheit) mbere no muri Nyakanga no muri Myandagaro. Kubera ko amazi atwara ubushuhe bwo mu mubiri incuro 25 kuruta umuyaga, kwoga mu myobo cumi ikurikiranye canke gufatwa n’intege nke mu mwobo w’umucungezi mu minota 45 ata mpuzu yo kwikingira, bituma umuntu yihuta gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kwoga (akabura ubushobozi bwo kwoga) kandi akagira n’ubushuhe burengeye ubw’abandi.

"Potshot" ni iki mu gutera imibande, kandi ni kuki ari vyiza kuruta gutera urusenga rwo gutera kugira ngo uhunga umwobo w'umurinzi?¶

A Igipfunsi ni agasaho gatoyi k’inylon canke k’i Cordura gakomeye cane, kagenewe kwuzuzwa aho nyene ibiro 5 gushika ku 10 vy’umusenyi canke amabuye y’agaciro biva hasi mu mwobo, hanyuma bikaboheshwa ku mugozi wo kuduga. Mu buryo butandukanye n’ibikoresho vyo gufata umusenyi vy’ivyuma (bica biva ku mabuye y’umusenyi azunguruka, bikaba bica ku rutare rwo muri pariki y’igihugu, bigaca bisubira inyuma bigororotse ku mitwe y’abayoga bafunzwe mu kidengeri c’ubwaguke bwa metero 2), Potshot yuzuye umusenyi ikoresha amasahani y’amabuye y’umusenyi ateye igomwe, ikayicapura, ikayicapura buhoro buhoro. Igikoresho c'imitsindo ca Capstan hejuru y’umunwa w’ibuye ry’umusenyi ry’umusenyi ryinjiye kugira ngo rifashe uburemere bwose bw’umubiri w’umuntu akuze ataco yononekaye ku rutare canke ngo ashire mu kaga ikipe iri musi.

None uwugarura gute umugozi wa rappel umuntu wa nyuma amaze kumanuka ata gear asize inyuma?¶

Mu bijanye no gutembera mu misozi, uwo mugwi uca umugozi mu mpeta y’icuma (kwihuta canke impeta y’icuma ipfutse) hejuru y’itonde maze igashiraho a . Igipande ca Biner gishobora kurekurwa (canke CEM / Munter Mule Hejuru) ku bantu ba mbere kugira ngo bashobore kumanurwa iyo umushatsi wabo canke impuzu zabo zifatanye n’umukomoka wabo. Igihe . umuntu wanyuma iyo yiteguriye kumanuka, bashobora gukuraho igipande c’ibara ry’agahama kugira ngo umugozi uruhuke uciye mu mpeta maze ukamanuka ku nzira zompi icarimwe, canke bagasiga igipande c’ibara ry’agahama gihagaze ku mpeta irabanye n’uruhande rwo gukurura kugira ngo iyo bashitse hasi, gukurura umugozi w’inyuma bishobora gukwega ibara ry’agahama n’umugozi.

Mbega Garmin inReach canke SOS y’inyenyeri ya iPhone izokora ivuye hasi mu mwonga w’amazi maremare kandi mutoyi?¶

Ivyuma bikoreshwa n'inyenyeri (Iridiyumu inyenyeri zizunguruka isi zikoreshwa na Garmin inReach, canke Inyenyeri y'isi yose ikoreshwa na Apple Satellite SOS) bisaba umurongo ugororotse wo kubona mu kirere. Mu nsi y’umubande mutoyi kandi urengeye aho umurongo w’ikirere w’ubwaguke bwa metero 1 gusa uboneka (canke nta n’umwe uboneka na gato mu gice c’umuduga wo munsi y’ubutaka), ubutumwa buva ku nyenyeri burashobora gutwara . Iminota 20 gushika kuri 90 kugira ngo ufate satellite ica hejuru y’aho hantu hatoyi h’isonga, canke unanirwe gushika wimukiye mu nzira y’umubande canke mu mfuruka y’umubande yagutse gatoyi. Hindukiza igikoresho, ushire ubutumwa bwa SOS, ushire canke umanike igikoresho gifise antene yaco yerekeye hejuru ku kibanza cagutse kuruta ibindi vyose c’ikirere, hanyuma ugireke gihagaze nibura iminota 45 kugira ngo gishobore guturika-gutanga amakuru igihe satellite ijabuka hejuru y’umutwe.

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Igisata c'Igihugu ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (NPS, Pariki y’Igihugu ya Siyoni, Glen Canyon NRA, Capitol Reef & Canyonlands SAR): Umutekano wo gutembera mu binogo, ubuhinga bwo guhunga imyobo y’abacungera, n’ingingo ngenderwako zo kurokoka umwuzure.
• Ishirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ry’Ivy’Imisozi (ACA) & Inyigisho y'amahugurwa y'abarongozi b'imisozi: Igitabo c'ubuhinga bwo gukora imisozi: Inanga z'ibintu bishobora gushika (MMO / Biner Blocks), Gusubizaho Umugozi Ufashe, n’Uburyo bwo Guhunga Imyobo.
• Komisiyo Mpuzamakungu y’Ubutabazi bw’Imisozi (ICAR, Komisiyo y’Ubutabazi bw’Imibande): Impanuro z’ubuhinga zo kurondera no gutabara mu mibande, Ihungabana ry’uguhagarara mu bibanza bikeyi, n’Ivyago vyo mu mibande y’amazi yihuta.
• Igisata c'igihugu kijejwe ivy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere (NWS Igisagara ca Salt Lake / Grand Junction) (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Uburyo bwo gupima ubushobozi bw’umwuzure wo mu misozi ya Colorado n’igihe co gusubira inyuma mu bijanye n’amazi.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Umwuzure wo gukambika, guhunga mu mwonga, n'ubuhungiro bwo ku butaka burebure
• Impanuka zo kuduga ibitandara no gutera amabuye: guhunga no kugwa
• Gufata amasenga no gusenga, umwuzure, n’ukubura umuco
• Ugushuha cane mu bugaragwa, urushe rwinshi n’ubukonje, no gusubira gushuha
• Igikomerekezo co gujanjagurwa n'indwara y'ibice
• Inomero z'ivyihutirwa hakurikijwe igihugu