Igikombe c’amazi y’imvura kiri hanze y’uruzitiro candujwe n’inyoni zipfuye, imbeba canke ivu ryo ku gisenge: Igitigiri c’amazi y’imvura y’uruzitiro, igikoresho co guhindura amazi ya mbere, n’uguteka¶

Gufungura urugi rwo gusuzumiramwo ikinogo c’amazi y’imvura gikozwe mu gitereko c’ivyuma, c’ivyuma vy’ivyuma canke c’ivyuma (or an IBC tote array) amaze kubona akamoto kabi k’ububore bw’ikibiriti canke amazi y’inzobe ku ruzitiro rw’igikoni, gusa akabona imbeba, inzoka, inzoka, inuma, igikere canke inzoka bireremba imbere, canke ivu ryirabura ry’umuriro w’ishamba n’amazi y’igisenge vy’amazi vy’ibitoke vyayozwe mu migende y’amazi, ni igihe gikomeye cane. Inyamaswa zo mw’ishamba n’amavyi y’inyoni zirohamye mu mazi y’imvura yimburwa ku gisenge zizana indwara ziteye akaga ziterwa n’amazi harimwo Salmonella (typhoid and non-typhoidal), Imigera y'ibicurane, Imigera y'ibicurane (O157:H7), Ibikoko vy'ibisebe (leptospirosis), Umunyabubasha (tularemia biva ku bikoko bifise amababa/inkwavu), Giardia duodenalis, na Cryptosporidium parvum, mu gihe ivu ry’umuriro w’ishamba ry’imiterere (from burned homes, vehicles, and treated wood) ivyuka bitera ubumara benzene, ivyuma vy’amazi bifise akamoto keza (PAHs), amabuye y’agaciro, arsenic, na chromium hexavalent bidashobora gukurwaho mu guteka canke mu guhindura ibara.

Hagarika kunywa, gukaraba amenyo canke kwoza amasahani ukoresheje amazi yo mu ribo ubwo nyene, uce urenga iryo riba rivuye mu bikoresho vyawe vyo mu nzu gushika umenye nimba ivyo bihumanye ari ivy’ibinyabuzima (drowned animal / fecal runoff) canke imiti (wildfire ash), hanyuma uhamagare inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere iwanyu (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 mu bihugu vyose vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, 999 mu Bwongereza, 000 muri Ostraliya) canke Ugucungera Ubumara biciye ku inomero z'ivyihutirwa iyo umuntu afise umuriro mwinshi, akagira amaraso, akagira umuhondo canke akagira ibicurane bikomeye mu nda. Ku bibazo vyihutirwa bijanye n’amazi atari ku rubuga, raba gukora ifumbire y'imboga, amazi y'imvura yanduye, n'amazi y'imvi agakonja, Igikombe c'amazi gikonje, igikapu ca IBC casenyutse, n'umurongo w'amazi ukoreshwa n'uburemere bw'isi, na izuba, amazi n'imyanda bitagira uruzitiro.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. FUNGA UMUNTU WO GUSOHOKA MU CISTERE (AND DIVERT THE ROOF DOWNSPOUT INLET) UBWO nyene KUGIRANGO AMAZI YANDUYE NTAYINJE MU POMP Y'UMUVUGA YO MU RUGO RWAWE, MU BISUSHA AMAZI ASHUSHE, CANKE MU BIYUNGURO.
2. Zima ipompo yawe y'amazi yo mu nzu ifise ubushobozi bwa 12V/120V/230V (Shurflo, Seaflo, Grundfos) hanyuma ufunge umupira munini uri hasi y’ico kinogo.
3. Nimba waramaze gupompa amazi yanduye mu mirongo y’amazi yo mu nzu yawe canke amazi y’amalita 150 (40-gallon) itangi ry’amazi ashushe, ushire ikimenyetso ku ruzitiro rwo mu nzu rwose "NTUNYWE" n’urudodo: umaze gutera ubwoba ikinogo, uzokenera gusukura amazi yasukuwe afise klorine nyinshi gushika mu matiyo yawe yo mu nzu ashushe n’akanye maze usubirizeho amazi yose yo mu nzu ashushe n’akanye maze usubirizeho ivyuma vyose vy’iyunguruzo ry’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama n’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama vy’ibara ry’agahama.which trap bacteria and decay odor).
4. NTUKIGERE UDUGA MU KIRINGO C'AMAZI Y'IMVURA CANKE IBC TOTE (CONFINED SPACE ASPHYXIATION & DROWNING HAZARD).
5. Buri mwaka, abantu bo mu nzu zitagira uruja n’uruza barapfa bamaze kumanura ingazi baciye mu nzira y’amasentimetero 45 (18-inch) umwobo w’amazi wo gusukura hasi: ibisigazwa vy’ibinyabuzima bibora biri hasi mu itangi ry’amazi ryugarijwe bifata umwuka w’ikirere (creating an oxygen-deficient <19.5% O2 atmosphere) kandi igatuma haba ubumara hydrogène sulfure (H2S) na metani (CH4), mu gihe umwotsi wa klorine uri mu gitereko gikingijwe utera ububabare bukomeye bw’amahaha buterwa n’imiti mu masegonda 60.
6. Imisi yose ukore igikorwa co gukura imivyimba, gukura ibisigazwa vy’amazi, no gusukura 100 kw’ijana bivuye hanze ukoresheje insenga z’ibidengeri zifise amaboko maremare, amahose y’amazi y’amazi ashobora kure, n’ibikoresho vyo gukura amazi hanze.
7. GUTANDUKANYA HAGATI Y'UBWO BW'IBINYABUZIMA (DEAD ANIMAL / BIRD DROPPINGS) N'IVUBA RY'UMURIRO W'ISHIMBA (WHICH CANNOT BE BOILED OR BLEACHED SAFE).
8. Iyo inyoni, imbeba, imbeba, inzoka, inzoka y’inzoka, canke igikere vyarohamye mu gitereko: Ushobora gutuma utugingo ngengabuzima dutoduto two kunywa vyihutirwa tugira umutekano ubwo nyene mu Gucungera + Guteka Boil for 1 Full Minute (3 Minutes hejuru 2,000 meters / 6,500 feet), kandi ushobora gusukura itangi ukoresheje Igikoresho co gukura amazi no gusukura (required if the carcass is bloated/disintegrating or water smells foul) canke 50 ppm Ivyuma vy’Igitero (CDC/WHO protocol for intact fresh discoveries in large tanks).
9. Nimba ivu ry'umuriro w'ishamba rivuye mu nzira y'ishamba n'igisagara (WUI) umuriro canke ikintu gitukura co mu kirere (Phos-Chek) yogejwe mu gitereko cawe: NTUTEKE CANKE UNYWE AMAZI. Guteka ivyuma bikomeye bidashobora guhungabana (lead, arsenic) kandi itwara ibintu bishobora guhungabana (benzene) mu mwuka uhumekera. Igitoro candujwe n’ivu ry’umuriro w’ishamba kigomba gukurwamwo amazi yose, kigasukurwa, kigasukurwa n’umuyagankuba.
10. KWAMBARA PPE (NITRILE GLOVES, EYE PROTECTION, AND AN N95/P100 RESPIRATOR) IMBERE YO GUKURAMWO UMUBIRI CANKE GUSIFONA IVYO MU MUSI.
11. Amasozi y’imbeba n’imivyimba ibora bitwara Hantavirus, Leptospirose (which penetrates microscopic skin cuts and eye/mouth mucous membranes), na Indwara y’ibicurane. Hagurutsa umuvyimba mu rusenga rwo mu mazi rwo mu mazi (so it does not break apart into the water column), ukayifunga mu mifuko ibiri y’ipulasitike, hanyuma ugatera imigera urusenga ukoresheje . 1:10 umuti w’ibara ry’urugo.

Igiti c'ingingo: Amasezerano yo gutoranya no gukuraho ubuhumane bw'itangi ry'amazi y'imvura yanduye¶

flowchart TD
    A["Igikarabiro c'amazi y'imvura kiri hanze y'uruzitiro canduye: Inyoni/Imbeba zipfuye, Amavyi, canke Ivu ry'Igisenge c'Umuriro w'Ishamba"] --> B["ZIMA POMPE & UFINGE VALVE ISOHOKA MU TANKI UBWO nyene: Ntukigere winjira mu tanki (Ikibazo co mu kibanza gipfutse)"]
    B --> C{"Ni Ubwoko Ubuhe bw’Ibihumanya Vyinjiye Mu Kinogo c’Amazi y’Imvura?"}
    C -->|"1. Ivu ry’umuriro w’ishamba (cane cane umuriro w’imibumbe/WUI) canke ikintu gitukura co guhagarika umuriro mu kirere"| D["AKAGA K’IMITI: NTUKITEKE CANKE KUNYWA. Igikoresho co gukura amazi 100%, woze igisenge/imigende, woze imbere mu gitereko c'amazi uvuye hanze, & usubirizeho amakaratasi yose ya Carbon/RO"]
    C -->|"2. Igikoko carohamye (Inyoni, Imbeba, Imbeba, Inzoka, Igikere) canke Inyoni Iremereye Guano"| E{"Ni gute Igitigiri c'Ivyiyumviro n'Itanki Bimeze?"}
    E -->|"Umuvyimba Uravyimba, Urabora, Urasenyuka, CANKE Itanki Ni Nto (< 4.000 L / 1.000 Gal / IBC Tote)"| F["AMAZI YO GUSOMA AMAZI YUZUYE, AMAZI YO GUSUKURA AMAZI, & AMATEGEKO YO GUSUKURA INKOME: Gusohora amazi ku biti bitaribwa; gutera inkuta n’umuti wo gusukura 50-100 ppm; gusukura; wuzuze imvura isukuye canke amazi akuwe"]
    E -->|"Umuvyimba Wakuweho Udakomeretse/Ushasha & Itanki Ni Rinini (nk’akarorero, 10.000-40.000 L) mu Mapfa Aho Gukura Amazi Yose Bidashoboka"| G["IVYITURWA MU KIBUGA ‘IGIHUGU C’IBIMENYETSO VY’IKILORINE’ (Itegeko rya CDC/OMS): Ivyimburwa vyo hasi vy’amazi y’i Sifoni; dose y’Ikirungo kitagira Umunuko ku 20-50 ppm Klorine y’Ubuntu; gufata amasaha 12-24; kugenzura >= 5 ppm ibisigaye"]
    F --> H["GUSUKUZA AMAZI YO MU RUGO NO GUSUKUZA INZU Z’INYUNGURA: Gukoresha amazi afise klorine mu mapompi yose ashushe/akanye mu kiringo c’amasaha 24h; shiraho itara rishasha ry'imikoro 5 + mikro 1 y'umuyagankuba + UV-C"]
    G --> I["AMAZI YO KUNYWA ATEGEREZWA AMAZI ABIRI: Naho umaze gutera ubwoba itangi ryandujwe n’umuvyimba, Teka amazi yose yo kunywa mu munota 1 (canke unyure muri 1-Micron Absolute + UV)"]
    H --> J["BUZA GUSUBIRAMWO KWINJIRA: Shiraho 0.95 mm Stainless Mosquito Mesh ku guseseka/kwinjira & Sukura umuvuduko w'amazi wa mbere"]
    I --> J

Ivyabaye 1: Inyoni, imbeba, umubu canke ikinyogomba kirohamye mu iriba (Drain vs. In-Situ Shock Chlorination)¶

Iyo ukuye mu gitereko c’amazi y’imvura imbeba, imbeba, inzoka, inuma canke igikere gipfuye, ingingo yawe ya mbere ni iyo guta itangi ryose canke gutera shock-chlorine amazi ariho.

Igihe UTEGEREZWA gukura amazi mu gitereko 100% vs. Igihe ushobora gutera shock-chlorinate mu kibanza¶

1. Itegeko 100% ry'ugukura amazi no gusukura:
2. Umuvyimba umaze igihe kirekire mu mazi ku buryo ushobora guvyimba, ugatakaza ubwoya/amababa, canke ugaca ibice iyo ushizweko urusenga;
3. Amazi afise akamoto k’ibiboze, amavuta aboneka, inzoka, canke ibicu (> 5 NTU) (because high organic matter immediately neutralizes chlorine bleach and reacts with chlorine to form toxic **trihalomethanes - THMs**); CANKE
4. Ico kinogo ni gito (such as a 1,000-liter / 275-gallon IBC tote or 5,000-liter tank) kandi urashobora kuronka amazi yo gusubirira ($50 to $150 per truckload) canke imvura isukuye iri hafi.
5. Igihe In-Situ Batch Gutera Klorine (Without Draining) Irakoreshwa (Remote Drought Survival):
6. Nimba uba mu nzu y’ubugaragwa idafise amashanyarazi ifise amalita 20.000 gushika ku 50.000 (5,000 to 13,000 gallons) y’amazi y’igihe c’izuba adashobora gusubirizwa, maze ugasanga inyoni canke imbeba iherutse kurohama, idakomeretse ireremba hejuru y’amazi, munsi yayo hari amazi asukuye kandi atagira akamoto: amabwirizwa y’ubuzima bwa bose (Australian Department of Health *Guidance on Use of Rainwater Tanks*, Texas Water Development Board, WHO, and CDC) kwemera gukuraho umuvyimba utagira ikintu, gukuraho ibisigazwa vyo hasi, no gukora igikorwa kiremereye 20 to 50 ppm Super-Chlorination Shock, ikurikirwa n’ugukuraho klorine/gutera umwuka n’uguteka canke gucungera amazi yose yo kunywa 1-micron + UV.

Ivyiyumviro vy'ukuri vy'imibare y'amazi y'imvura (5 ppm Maintenance vs. 50 ppm Biohazard Shock)¶

Ivyinshi mu bidengeri bitagira uruzitiro bishobora gusenyuka mu gihe co gutera imigera bishika kubera ko abanyabubasha bo mu rugo under-dose (adding a single cup of bleach to a 10,000-liter tank, which is instantly consumed by leaf tannins on the tank floor leaving 0.0 ppm active chlorine) canke ukoreshe umuti wo gumesa ufise akamoto keza/utagira amazi (which contains toxic surfactants and polymers that ruin an entire cistern).

====================================================================================
     THE UNIVERSAL CISTERN CHLORINATION FORMULA (METRIC & US GALLONS)
====================================================================================

 [RULE 1] ONLY USE PLAIN, UNSCENTED LIQUID SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE BLEACH
   * Check the label for exact percentage: Standard household bleach in the US/Canada
     is now typically 7.5% to 8.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (older or economy brands are
     5.25% to 6.0%; pool liquid chlorine is 10.0% to 12.5%).
   * NEVER use "Splash-Less," "Easy Pour Gel," "Lemon/Lavender Scented," or "Color-Safe"
     bleach (contains toxic soaps and hydrogen peroxide).

 [RULE 2] THE EXACT METRIC MATH (Using Standard 6% Household Bleach):
   * For 1 ppm Free Chlorine per 1,000 Liters: Add 17 mL of 6% bleach.
   * For 5 ppm (Routine Tank Re-Sanitizing): Add 85 mL of 6% bleach per 1,000 L.
   * For 20 ppm (Heavy Bio-Contamination Shock): Add 340 mL of 6% bleach per 1,000 L.
   * For 50 ppm (Emergency Carcass / Pipe Shock): Add 850 mL of 6% bleach per 1,000 L.

 [RULE 3] CHECK THE pH BEFORE ADDING BLEACH (Optimal pH = 6.5 to 7.2):
   * Rainwater is naturally slightly acidic (pH 5.5 to 6.5), which is GREAT for
     chlorine efficacy (forming 90%+ lethal Hypochlorous Acid, HOCl). However, in
     NEW CONCRETE or FERROCEMENT cisterns, lime leaches out and raises water pH to
     8.5 - 9.5, where chlorine loses 80% of its germ-killing power.
====================================================================================

Imeza y'Imiti y'Ikigega (Unscented Household Bleach & Calcium Hypochlorite Pool Shock)¶

Koresha iyi mbonerahamwe nyayo kugira ngo ubare ingene umuti wo mu nzu udafise umunuko (6.0% canke 8.25% sodium) canke Ipoklorite ya Kalisiyumu (65%-70% HTH Pool Shock, zidashikamye ata aside ya cyanurique) kugira ngo uyivange mu gitereko cawe:

Uburyo bw'intambwe 6 bwo gutera ubwoba itangi n'imirongo y'amazi yo mu nzu¶

1. Intambwe ya 1 (Ubanze gukuraho amasentimetero 3 yo hasi y'ibitoke bitagira umwuka):
2. Raba hasi mu gitereko cawe c’amazi y’imvura: mbere n’igisenge gisukuye kirashiramwo amazi y’imvura afise uburebure bwa santimetero 1 canke 3 (1/2- to 1-inch) igice c’amabara y’ivyatsi vyaboze, inkungugu y’amababi be n’amavyi y’inyoni biri hasi mu gitereko. Iyo utereye umuti w’isuku mu gitereko utabanje gukuraho iyo nzira y’ibinyabuzima yo hasi, 90 kw’ijana vya chlorine yawe birakorana n’ivu ryo hasi mu minota 30, bikasiga zero chlorine y’ubuntu yo kwica ibitera indwara no gutuma habaho chlorophenols zifise akamoto kabi.
3. Huza milimetero 25 (1-inch) umuyoboro w’amazi ufise uburemere (canke ipompo y’amazi ishobora gutwara) ufatanye n’igiti kirekire c’i PVC maze ugakura ibisigazwa vyo hasi mu bisaka bitaribwa.
4. Intambwe ya 2 (Imbere yo Gusesagura no Gutangaza Idoze ya Chlorine):
5. Suka umubare waharuwe w’ivyo gusukura bitagira umunuko mu mazi y’amalita 20 (5-gallon) indobo z’amazi maze ukayasuka hirya no hino y’uruzitiro rw’itangi (ntiwigere usuka utugingo ngengabuzima tw’ikidengeri tutagiramwo amazi ku mfuruka y’impuzu y’i PVC/liner, aho zituma ivyuma vy’impuzu bihinduka ibara kandi bikameneka).
6. Kugira ngo uvange klorine neza biciye mu gitereko c’amalita 10.000, ushire umuyoboro w’itongo usukuye ku nzira y’inyuma y’ipompa yawe y’umuvuduko, ushire iyo nzira mu gitereko co hejuru c’itangi, hanyuma usubire guzunguruka itangi mu minota 30 gushika kuri 45 mu gihe uriko urayoza imbere mu gitereko hejuru y’inkuta zo hejuru z’igisenge (where rodent urine and spider webs sit).
7. Intambwe ya 3 (Kura Amazi Afise Chlorine Mu Muyoboro Wose Wo Mu Nzu Ushushe N'Ukonje):
8. Reka canke ukureho Ivyuma vy'iyunguruzo vy'umuyagankuba vyo mu nzu yawe na Ivyuma vy'iyunguruzo vy'umuyagankuba (RO) Uruhu (50 ppm chlorine destroys RO membranes and exhausts carbon blocks immediately), usiga amazu y’ipulasitike y’iyunguruzo ata co amaze apfutse mu kibanza kugira ngo amazu ubwayo asukurwe.
9. Ugurure uruzitiro rwo mu nzu rwo mu nzu rwo gukonja n’urwo gushuha, umutwe w’ubwogero, n’uruzitiro rw’umwobo umwe umwe gushika wumvise umunuko ukomeye w’umunuko w’isuku ry’ibara ry’umuhondo uva mu ruzitiro rwose, hanyuma ufunge izo ruzitiro.
10. Intambwe ya 4 (Hagarara 12 to 24 Hours na Klorine Isigaye y'Ikigeragezo):
11. Reka amazi afise klorine yicare mu gitereko no mu miyoboro amasaha 12 gushika kuri 24.
12. Niwibike Igipande c'Igerageza ry'Ikirungo c'Ikirungo (DPD Free Chlorine strip) mu iriba nyuma y’amasaha 12: utegerezwa kuba ukiri n’imiburiburi . 2 to 5 ppm ya Chlorine y’ubuntu isigaye inyuma y’amasaha 12. Iyo umurongo wa klorine usoma . 0 ppm inyuma y’amasaha 12, ibintu bifise ubuzima biri muri iyo tanki vyararya ivyuma vyose vy’isuku, rero nusubiremwo iyo doze gushika igisigarira kigumye.
13. Intambwe ya 5 (Uko wokuramwo Chlorine canke wosukura itangi ugasubira mu vyo kunywa < 2.0 ppm):
14. Niba ukora igikorwa co gukura amazi yose no kwuzuza: Gukura amazi 50 ppm amazi asohoka aja mu nzira z’amabuye canke kure y’ibidengeri vy’amazi (ntimwigere asohoka 50 ppm amazi y’ibidengeri afise chlorine mu gitereko cawe c’amazi y’ibiziga, aho azokwica 100 kw’ijana y’imigera yawe y’ibiziga bitagira umwuka), hanyuma ugasubira kwuzuza amazi meza y’imvura canke amazi yo kunywa.
15. Nimba ugumye amazi mu gitereko (Drought In-Situ Rescue): Siga urugi rwo hejuru rwo gusuzuma rwuguruye kugira ngo umuyaga mwiza (canke umuyaga usukuye ushire mu mazi) mu kiringo c’amasaha 48 gushika kuri 72 mu gihe chlorine ihinduka mu buryo busanzwe imanuka munsi 2.0 ppm, CANKE gukuraho klorine irenze urugero vyihuse mu kwongerako Vitamine C y’Ivyokurya (Ascorbic Acid, 2.5 grams per 1,000 liters per 1 ppm of chlorine to remove) canke Sodium Thiosulfate, maze ugaca mu mazi yose yo mu nzu mu bisigazwa bishasha vy’imikoro 5 + ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba bikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba + vy’umuyagankuba UV-C.

Ivyabaye 2: Ivu ry’umuriro wo mw’ishamba, umwotsi w’umwotsi, canke ikintu co mu kirere co gukingira umuriro (Phos-Chek) ku gisenge c'amazi yawe¶

Iyo umuriro w’ishamba uturitse mu bilometero 15 gushika kuri 50 (10 to 30 miles) y’inzu itagira uruzitiro, ivu ryiza ry’umweru/ryirabura riguma hejuru y’ibisenge vy’ivyuma n’ivy’amabuye. Si ivu ryose ry'umuriro w'ishamba ringana mu vy'imiti: 1. Ishamba ryiza / Ivu ry'uburoso (Vegetative Ash): Igizwe ahanini n’ivyuma bita calcium carbonate, potassium hydroxyde (potash / lye, ivyo bikaba bituma pH y’amazi igera ku . 9.0 to 11.0), phosphore be n’ibihimba vy’umuriro, ivyo bikaba bituma umuntu agira uburyohe busharira bw’amazi, akagira umuvurungano be n’ibiyunguruzo bizibira. 2. Igihugu c'ishamba n'igisagara (WUI) Umwotsi (Burned Houses, Cars, Solar Panels, Plastics, Treated Decking): Irimwo benzène, toluène, dioxines, PAHs, amabuye y’agaciro, arseniki, kadmiyumu, n’umuringa. 3. Ikintu co gukingira umuriro mu kirere (Bright Red / Pink "Phos-Chek"): Irimwo fosfate y’amoniyumu, sulfate y’amoniyumu, ibara ry’icuma, n’ibindi bitera uburozi/ugutemba. Iyo amazi yogejwe mu gitereko, amoniya irakorana na chlorine kugira ngo ikore chloramines, kandi nitrates/phosphates zituma amazi adashobora gutera umutekano ku bana b’inzoya, ku bagore batwite, ku bikoko vyo mu nzu no ku matungo.

• Itegeko ryo gukingira igisenge c'umuriro w'ishamba:
• Imbere y’uko imvura y’umuyaga ya mbere inyuma y’umuriro itera: Kura canke uzunguruke umuyoboro w’amazi wo ku gisenge cawe kure y’aho iriba ryinjira (or open your First-Flush Diverter cap completely), gukubura no gutera amazi mu gisenge c’icuma, gukura ivu ryose mu migende y’imvura wambaye igipfukisho ca N95 n’amaganzu, hanyuma ureke milimetero 25 za mbere (1 inch) y’imvura yoza hasi imbere yo gusubira gufatanya itangi.
• Nimba Ivu Ryamaze Kwinjira Mu Kinogo: Ntu **nywe canke ngo uteke amazi. Pompa itangi ryumye, ushiremwo ivu ryose ryo hasi rivuye hanze, woze inkuta n’isabune y’amasahani yoroshe n’amazi meza, hanyuma usubirizeho ibisigazwa vyose n’ibiyunguruzo vy’umuyagankuba.
• Gusuzuma Ibipfukisho vy’Igisenge, EPDM/Bitumen Membranes, n’Ibipfukisho vy’Imigende Inyuma y’Ubushuhe Canke canke Umwotsi: Si ibikoresho vyose vyo gupfuka igisenge bishobora gukurwamwo amazi y’imvura yo kunywa inyuma yo gushikirwa n’ubushuhe canke ivu. Mu gihe Galvalume (zinc-aluminum coated steel), ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama, ivyuma bitagira ibara, amabuye y’agaciro, n’ivyuma vy’ibumba bitagira ibara ni ibibanza vy’amazi bishobora kunywa, ntimwigere mwimbura amazi yo kunywa avuye mu bipande vy’amabuye y’agaciro (unless strictly NSF P151 certified), umuringa w’agaciro (CCA) ivyuma vy’ibiti vyavuwe, ivyuma vy’umwotsi bikoreshwa n’amabuye y’agaciro, canke ibisenge vyasizwe amarangi y’ivyuma bitashobora kunywa. Imisi yose nusuzume ko igipfukisho cose c’itangi, irangi ry’igisenge, canke igipfukisho c’imigende gifise NSF/ANSI Standard 61 (Drinking Water System Components) canke **Icemezo co kunywa.

Ivyihutirwa vyo gusukura amazi mu gihe itangi ryawe rikuru ritari ku murongo¶

Mu gihe itangi ryawe rya mbere ririko rikora amasaha 24 50 ppm chlorine shock canke urindiriye gukurwamwo amazi no kwuzuzwa, gushinga 20-Litre (5-Gallon) Igikoresho co kunywa c'ibibindi bibiri mu gikoni: 1. Ibisobanuro (Alum Flocculation ku Mazi Afise Ibicu): Nimba amazi y’umugezi wawe, isoko, canke y’umubindi w’imvura ari ibicu vy’ibumba canke ivy’ibinyabuzima (turbidity > 5 NTU), ushiremwo militiro 15 (1 tablespoon) y’Ikirungo c’Ibifungurwa c’Aluminiyumu (Pickling Alum powder) kuri litiro 20 (5 gallons) y’amazi, uyivungure cane mu masegonda 60, hanyuma uyireke yicare ata co ihungabanya mu minota 60. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bifatanya umwanda n’imigera bimanitse bikagira imikuku iremereye irohama gushika hasi kugira ngo ushobore gusuka amazi asukuye nk’amabuye y’agaciro ava hejuru biciye ku mpuzu y’ipampa isukuye. 2. Guteka canke guteka amatonyanga abiri yo mu nzu: Zana amazi yasukuwe uguteka umunota 1 wuzuye (3 minutes hejuru 2,000 meters / 6,500 feet), CANKE iyo amavuta ari make, wongereko mililitiro 2 (1/3 teaspoon canke 32 drops) yo 6% umuti wo mu nzu udafise umunuko kuri litiro 20 (5 gallons) y’amazi meza (producing a 6 ppm dose), reka bihagarare iminota 30 gushika kuri 60, hanyuma usuzume ko hari umunuko mutoyi wa chlorine imbere yo kunywa.

Ugukingira ubuhinga: Gushiramwo no kubungabunga First-Flush Roof Diverter & Mosquito/Rodent Mesh¶

Ni kubera iki imbeba, inyoni, igikere canke ivu vyinjiye mu kinogo cawe c’amazi y’imvura mu ntango? Hafi y’ibidengeri vyose vyanduye biva ku binogo bitatu vyabuze $25 ibice vy'ibikoresho:

====================================================================================
     ANATOMY OF A BIO-PROOF RAINWATER CATCHMENT & FIRST-FLUSH DIVERTER SYSTEM
====================================================================================

   [Metal Roof] ---> [Gutter Leaf Guard] ---> [1. RAIN HEAD LEAF EATER SCREEN]
                                               (0.95 mm Stainless Mesh blocks
                                                frogs, mice, birds, and leaves)
                                                        |
                                                        v
                     +---<--- [Diverts Clean Water] <---[T-Junction]
                     |                                  |
                     v                                  | (First Dirty Roof Wash
        [MAIN RAINWATER CISTERN]                        |  drops straight down)
        - Screened Vent & Overflow                      v
          (0.95 mm Stainless Mesh)           [2. VERTICAL FIRST-FLUSH PIPE]
        - Floating Intake Hose               - Holds first 40 to 100 Liters of rain
          (Draws water 15 cm BELOW             (bird droppings, dust, pollen, ash)
           surface & 15 cm ABOVE floor)      - Floating ball seals top once full
                                             - Slow-drip weep valve at bottom
====================================================================================

1. Itegeko ry'Umuhinduzi wa Mbere (Divert 40 to 80 Liters per 100 Square Meters of Roof):
2. Mu ndwi z’umwuma, inyoni zica ku musozi w’igisenge cawe, uducurama tuguruka hejuru, kandi inkungugu irapfuka ivyuma. Iyo inkuba itanguye, 90 kw’ijana vy’imigera y’amavyi (E. coli, Salmonella) kandi inkungugu irayoza igisenge mu gihe ca mbere nyene . 0.5 to 1.0 millimeter y’imvura.
3. A PVC ihagaze Icumba c'Ihindura ry'Igikoresho ca Mbere (100 mm / 4-inch or 150 mm / 6-inch pipe) ifata amalita 40 gushika kuri 80 ya mbere (10 to 20 gallons) y'ugukaraba igisenge gihumanye ku 100 m² (Ifuti kare 1.000) y’ibirenge vy’igisenge imbere y’uko umupira uterera hejuru uduga kugira ngo ufunge ico cumba maze ushire amazi y’imvura meza mu kinogo.
4. Intambwe yo kwitaho: Gukuraho igipfukisho co hasi gitonyanga buhoro buhoro (or automatic mechanical dump valve) y’Igikoresho cawe co guhindura amazi rimwe mu kwezi (and immediately after any dust storm or wildfire smoke event) kugira ngo usukure umwobo w’amazi atonyanga: iyo urushinge rumwe rw’igiti c’umuberoshi rwuzuye amazi asohoka mu mwobo, ico gikoresho co guhindura amazi kiguma cuzuye amazi yanduye ahagaze 100 kw’ijana maze kigahagarika guhindura amazi ku gihuhusi gikurikira.
5. Ivyo 0.95-Millimeter (18x16 Mesh) Ivyuma bitagira ibara:
6. Ibikere, imbeba, inzoka n’imibu ntivyinjira cane biciye ku gipfukisho co hejuru: bikwegakwega hejuru y’igipfukisho c’imilimetero 75 (3-inch) Umuyoboro wo gusesa iyo itangi ritariko risesa. Gufata umugozi uremereye 0.95 mm (304/316 marine-grade stainless-steel) igikingirizo c’udukoko n’ibikoko + umupfundikizo w’inzira imwe hejuru y’umuyoboro wose w’amazi aseseka, umuyoboro wo kwinjira, n’umuyoboro w’umuyaga.
7. Shiraho a "Floating Cistern Intake Extractor" (Floating Suction Strainer):
8. Ntukigere uvoma amazi yo kunywa yo mu rugo rwawe mu muyoboro ukomeye ushizwe hasi cane mu gitereko c’amazi y’imvura (where heavy sediment and dead-animal bacteria settle) canke ahantu ho hejuru cane (where pollen and hydrocarbon films float). Fatanya umuyoboro w’amazi wo mu bwoko bwa silikoni/PE ushobora guhinduka 15 gushika kuri 25 sentimetero (6 to 10 inches) munsi y’amazi n’umupira ureremba utagira ibara/HDPE kugira ngo pompe yawe yama ikura mu gice co hagati gisukuye kuruta ibindi vyose c’inkingi y’amazi.

Ama laboratwari yo mu karere yo gupima amazi n'ivyo guhamagara vyihutirwa vy'ubuzima bwa bose¶

Iyo umuntu arwaye indwara yo mu nda, umuriro, canke ibisebe vyo ku ruhu amaze gushikirwa n’amazi y’ibidengeri yanduye, canke iyo ukeneye imigera yemejwe (Total Coliform / E. coli) n’ugupima ivyuma biremerera inyuma y’umuriro w’ishamba:

• Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika:
• Ubuvuzi / Ubumara bwihutirwa: Hamagara 911 canke Ugucungera ubumara (1-800-222-1222).
• Amakuru y'amazi meza yo kunywa ya EPA n'Ikigo ca Leta cemewe: Sura epa.gov/privatewells canke uhamagare Igisata c'ubuzima c'intara / Ibiro vy'ukwagura amakoperative kugira ngo ubone $20 to $40 ubusambanyi Colilert (Total Coliform & E. coli) icupa ry’akarorero.
• Kanada:
• Ivyihutirwa: Hamagara 911 canke Ugucungera ubumara (1-844-764-7669); bwira Igisata c'Ubuzima rusangi mu ntara yawe (Public Health Ontario, BCCDC, Alberta Health Services) ku macupa y’amazi y’abantu ku giti cabo yo gupima imigera ku buntu canke ata n’infashanyo.
• Ostraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande (Where Over 1.7 Million Households Rely on Rainwater Tanks):
• Ivyihutirwa: Hamagara 000 (Ostraliya) canke 111 (Nouvelle-Zélande).
• Ibaza Leta ya Australiya (enHealth) Impanuro ku bijanye n'ugukoresha ibidengeri vy'amazi y'imvura (health.gov.au) canke Ubuzima bwa Nouvelle-Zélande (Taumata Arowai) Ivyerekeye amazi yo mu rugo amabwirizwa, canke ubaze umuyobozi w'ubuzima bw'ibidukikije mu nama y'igisagara cawe (EHO).
• Ubwongereza n'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi:
• Ivyihutirwa: Hamagara 999 / 111 (Ubwongereza) canke 112 (Ubumwe bw'Uburayi). Baza inama nkuru y’igisagara cawe Ishirahamwe ry’amazi ry’abikorera ku giti cabo (PWS) Ishirahamwe ry’ubuzima bw’ibidukikije canke Ikigo kigenzura amazi yo kunywa (DWI).
• Ku bijanye n’inomero z’ivyihutirwa mpuzamakungu, raba inomero z'ivyihutirwa.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Noshobora gutuma amazi y’imvura ava mu itangi ririmwo inyoni canke imbeba yapfuye aba meza yo kunywa mu kuyateka canke mu kuyashiramwo umuti wo gusukura?¶

Iyo amazi asobanutse kandi yandujwe gusa n’inyoni, imbeba canke imbeba iherutse kurohama, bikazana amazi ayunguruwe mu mfuruka yuzuye mu munota 1 wuzuye (canke iminota 3 ku burebure buri hejuru ya metero 2.000 / amafuti 6.500), Leptospirare tulamiella, ES 100 kw’ijana yica. imigera, n’ibikoko bifise amababa (Giardia na Cryptosporidium). Ariko rero, nimba iyo ntumbi yariko irabora kandi iriko irasenyuka, canke nimba ico kinogo cari candujwe n’ivu ry’umuriro w’ishamba ry’imiti, amakara canke ikintu co gukingira umuriro, ntuteke canke ngo unywe ayo mazi; n’ugukura amazi no gusukura itangi ryose. Ibuka ko umuti wo gusukura umubiri wonyene udashobora kwica mu buryo bwizigirwa amagi ya Cryptosporidium ata guteka canke gucungera 1-micron.

Ni bangahe nkeneye umuti wo mu nzu udafise umunuko kugira ngo nkoreshe shock-chlorine mu gitereko c’amazi c’amalita 1.000 canke mu gitereko c’amazi c’amalita 10.000?¶

Ukoresheje umuti wo mu nzu udafise umunuko 6%: ku bijanye n’uguhungabana kw’ibinyabuzima gukomeye kw’ibice 20 ppm, wongereko militiro 340 (nk’ibikombe 1,5) kuri litiro 1.000 z’amazi (canke litiro 3,4 kuri litiro 10.000); ku bijanye n’ugutera umuvyimba n’imiyoboro bishika 50 ppm, wongereko militiro 850 (nk’ibikombe 3,5) kuri litiro 1.000 z’amazi (canke litiro 8,5 kuri litiro 10.000). Niba ukoresha umuti wo mu rugo ukomeye cane 8,25%, ugwize ivyo bipimo na 0,73 (nk’akarorero, 610 mL y’umuti wo mu nzu 8,25% kuri litiro 1.000 ku bijanye n’ugutera 50 ppm). Igihe cose banza ushiremwo ibisigazwa vyo hasi maze ushiremwo amazi arimwo klorine amasaha 12 gushika kuri 24.

Ni kubera iki ari akaga kuduga mu kinogo c’amazi y’imvura kiri ubusa canke gifise igice c’amazi kugira ngo umuntu asukure inkuta?¶

Icobo c’amazi y’imvura gikingijwe canke igikapu ca IBC ni akaga k’ikibanza gikingijwe bisabwa uruhusha. Amababi, ibimera vy’ibitoke be n’ibintu vy’ibikoko biboze biri hasi mu gitereko bifata umwuka w’ikirere (oxygène) maze bikarekura ubumara bw’amazi (hydrogène sulfure) na metane, mu gihe gutera umuti w’ibara ry’agahama (chlorine bleach) imbere mu gitereko c’amazi gikingijwe bituma haba gaze y’ibara ry’agahama (chlorine) ituma amahaha yononekaye ningoga kandi umuntu akabura ubwenge mu guhema. Ntukigere winjira mu iriba; n’igihe cose ushiremwo ivyatsi vyo hasi, ushireko umuti w’isuku 50 gushika ku 100 ppm, hanyuma ushiremwo inkuta zivuye hanze ukoresheje amabati maremare y’itelesikopu n’umuvuduko wo gukura amazi hanze hanze.

Nokora iki iyo ivu ry’umuriro w’ishamba ryoba ryivuye ku gisenge canje c’icuma rikaja mu kinogo canje c’amazi y’imvura?¶

Ntukigere uteka canke ngo unywe amazi y’ibidengeri yandujwe n’ivu ry’umuriro w’ishamba, canecane iyo uwo muriro waturitse amazu, imodoka canke ibibanza (ivu ry’i Wildland-Urban Interface), ivyo bikaba bituma benzene itera ubumara, ivyuma biremerera (lead, arsenic), n’ivyuma bifise akamoto keza biva mu mazi. Guteka ntibikuraho ivyuma biremerera kandi bituma benzene ihinduka umwotsi w’ubumara. Ubwo nyene uce ufunga amazi asohoka mu gisenge cawe, ushire amazi yose muri iyo tangi ku butaka butaribwa kure y’imigende, usukure kandi usukure imbere mu gisenge cawe uhereye hanze, woze igisenge cawe n’imigende imbere y’imvura ikurikira, hanyuma usubirizeho ibisigazwa vyose vyo mu nzu n’ibiyunguruzo vy’umuyagankuba.

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Ibigo bijejwe kugenzura no kwirinda indwara (CDC, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Uburyo bwo gukusanya amazi y’imvura, ivyerekeye ubuzima, amategeko yo gutera imigera be n’ugupima amazi.
• Ikigo ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kijejwe gukingira ibidukikije (EPA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Amabwirizwa yerekeye ugutera imigera mu buryo bwihutirwa mu mazi yo kunywa no mu binogo vy’amazi yo kunywa vy’abantu ku giti cabo.
• Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ryitaho amagara y’abantu (OMS): Amabwirizwa yerekeye uburyo amazi yo kunywa ameze neza, amazi mato mato n’isuku ry’amazi y’imvura.
• Igisata ca Leta ya Australiya kijejwe ubuzima n’ukwitaho abageze mu zabukuru (enHealth, Australia): Impanuro ku bijanye n’ugukoresha ibidengeri vy’amazi y’imvura, gukingira ibikoko, ingingo ngenderwako zo gusukura amazi ubwa mbere, no kuyabungabunga.
• Ubuzima Nouvelle-Zélande / Taumata Arowai (Nouvelle-Zélande): Amazi yo mu nzu, Gukorakoranya amazi y’imvura, Gutoranya amazi asohoka ku gisenge, no Gutera imigera.
• Ishirahamwe ry’Igenzura ry’Amazi yo Kunywa (DWI, Ubwongereza): Ubuyobozi bw’Ubuhinga bw’Amazi y’Abikorera ku giti cabo, Gukoresha Chlorine mu Migwi no Gucungera Intambamyi z’Imigera.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Ubwiherero bwo gukora ifumbire, ubuhumane bw'itangi ry'amazi y'imvura, n'amazi y'imvi akonje
• Igikombe c'amazi gikonje kitari ku ruzitiro, igikapu ca IBC casenyutse, n'umurongo w'amazi ukoreshwa n'uburemere bw'isi
• Izuba, amazi n'imyanda bitari mu nzira
• Ubwiherero canke RV y'amazi y'umwirabura itangi ry'ipiramide, umunzane wa struvite, sensor yuzuye ibinyoma, n'ugukuraho ivyihutirwa
• Amatangazo y'umutekano w'amazi n'uguteka