Ivyuma vy'amazi vy'ubushuhe (Conductonaut/PS5) Bisuka ku rupapuro rwa nyina canke ku bice vya GPU: Gukura Gallium mu buryo butekanye¶

Gusuka mbere n’agatonyanga gatoyi k’ivyuma bifise ubushuhe, nk’ivyo bita Thermal Grizzly Conductonaut, Cooler Master MasterGel Liquid, canke ibikoresho vy’ubushuhe vyo mu ruganda rwa PlayStation 5 (PS5) APU, ku rupapuro rw’umuvyeyi, ku rupapuro rw’ivyuma, canke ku rupapuro rw’ibishushanyo rwo gucapura mu buryo bwihutirwa (PCB). Mu buryo butandukanye n’ivyuma bisanzwe vy’ibara ry’umuhondo n’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama, ivyuma vy’amazi ni ivyuma vy’amazi bikozwe mu bihimba vy’umubiri bita gallium, indium be n’ivyuma bita tin biguma ari amazi mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba. Ni 100 kw’ijana bishobora gutwara umuyagankuba kandi biratera cane mu bijanye n’imiti ku bijanye n’ivyuma vy’aluminium bitagira ikintu be n’ivyuma vy’ivyuma bifise ubushuhe buke. Niwahura n’umuyagankuba ukora, umwotsi canke umunuko w’umuriro uva ku gikoresho gikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba, uce uhagarika umuyagankuba wa AC maze ubaze abo mu karere iwanyu . inomero z'ivyihutirwa iyo umuriro w’igice ugurumana. Ku bijanye n’uburyo bwo gusubizaho ibikoresho, raba ubuyobozi bwacu kuri CPU yakuwe hanze n'igikoresho co gushuha canke ibipimo vy'isoketi bipfutse, PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR ihuza, n'umuyagankuba umuriro umunuko muri PC, na PC isanzwe ishushe cane n'amazi akonjesha gutonyanga.

Kubera ko ivyuma bimeze nk’amazi bifise ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo gutera, igihe kimwe gusa kivuye mu gikoresho co gutera inshinge kigaca kivaho bukwi na bukwi, kirashobora gutera utugingo ngengabuzima dutoduto twinshi tw’ifeza tukayangana nk’indorerwamo, tukaja ku nzira zishika ku masentimetero 15 (inci 6) z’uruzitiro rw’uruzitiro rw’uruzitiro. Iyo mbere n’urudodo rumwe rw’imilimetero ruto rukoranya ibiraro bibiri bifatanye vy’ibikoresho vy’ivyuma (SMD) vy’ivyuma vyinshi (MLCCs) bikikuje igikoresho ca GPU kigaragara, canke bikazunguruka munsi y’umurongo w’umupira (BGA) w’umurongo wa VRAM canke AMD AM5 processeur heatspreader, guhindura ubushobozi bwinshi buzotuma 1.8-volt rails igororotse mu marembo y’ubwenge y’amashanyarazi make. Ariko rero, igihe cose udakoresheje inguvu z’umuyagankuba kandi ntusige ivyuma vy’amazi n’ibitambaro vyumye vy’impapuro canke ngo ubikoreshe mu gukaraba bikomeye, 100 kw’ijana vy’ivyuma vy’agaciro vyitwa gallium vyamenetse birashobora gukurwamwo ata nkomanzi ata co vyononekaye ubudasiba.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Kura umugozi w’amashanyarazi wa AC maze ukureho bateri ya CMOS (canke igifatanya bateri y’imbere muri laptop/console) ubwo nyene. Ntukigere ufungura system kugira ngo ugerageze nimba hari ikintu gitoyi kimenetse. Mbere n'ububasha bwo gutegerezwa (+5VSB ku rupapuro rwa ATX canke ku bateri y’ibara ry’agahama) itanga inguvu ku nzira z’ibarabara zizotuma ibiraro vy’ibarabara vy’ibarabara bibiri bifatanya.
2. Hagarika kwiyunguruza, guhengamira, canke guhungabanya motherboard, ikarita y’ibishushanyo, canke igice c’inyuma ca console. Ivyuma bifise amazi birafise uburemere buke cane kandi hafi nta n’imwe ishobora gutera ivyatsi ku gipfukisho c’ivyuma vy’ivyuma gushika bihindutse oxide. Guhengamira urubaho bituma imibumbe irekuye izunguruka ningoga kuri PCB maze igaca munsi y’ibice vy’ukwibuka vyirabura vya BGA, ibice vya PCIe, canke inzu z’ibice vya CPU aho zitaboneka zivuye hejuru.
3. NTUHANURE ivyo vyamenetse n’igitambaro c’impapuro cyumye, igitambaro c’impuzu, canke igitambaro c’ipampa cyumye. Guhanagura icuma c’amazi kuri PCB bicapura urudodo rumwe rw’ifeza rufatanye rw’imilimetero 2 (0,08-inch) rukagira ibihumbi vy’ibitonyanga vy’iminota 10 bishobora gutuma umuriro ugenda neza. ubudodo bw’insinga z’ibirahuri.
4. Ubanze unywe amabuye yose aboneka y’amazi ukoresheje urushinge rw’ipulasitike rusukuye canke urushinge rw’ipulasitike rwirabura ruri kumwe n’urushinge rwawe rw’icuma. Kora ku mpera y’urushinge ku ruhande rw’urudodo rw’ifeza rwose maze ukureho buhoro buhoro kugira ngo umuvuduko wo ku ruhande ukwegere igitonyanga cose mu gitonyanga cose.
5. Suzuma nimba hari icuma c’amazi cakoze kuri aluminium y’ubusa (nk’igikoresho co gukonjesha CPU c’aluminium, igikoresho co gukonjesha amababa ya GPU, canke igikoresho co gukonjesha M.2). Nimba gallium ikora kuri aluminium itagiramwo ibintu, uyihanagure mu masegonda makeyi ukoresheje inzoga ya isopropyl 99 kw’ijana. Gallium irakwiragira ningoga mu mipaka y’intete z’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro, bigatuma habaho ugusenyuka kw’ivyuma vy’amazi (LME) bihindura aluminium ikomeye ikaba ifu y’umweru imenagurika mu masaha makeyi.
6. Koresha uburyo bwo gutera 99 kw’ijana isopropyl alcohol (IPA) n’uguteranya kugira ngo ushire hejuru amabuye makeyi asigaye mu bikoresho vya SMD. Tobesha igitambaro c’ifu canke igikoresho co gutera ipampa kitagira amazi n’amazi y’ipampa 99 kw’ijana hanyuma ushireko amabuye matomato. Ico gipande c’inzoga kirapfuka urukoba rwa gallium rwahindutse oxide maze kigatuma utubuye dutoduto dusubira kwifatanya tukagira umubumbe munini cane wifatanya n’isonga ry’amazi ry’amazi kugira ngo umuntu ashobore guterura ahagaze.

Igiti c'ingingo: Gutoranya ivyuma vy'amazi vyamenetse hakurikijwe aho biri n'ibikoresho vyo ku ruhande¶

Koresha iki kigereranyo c’uruja n’uruza kugira ngo umenye inzira nyayo yo gukuramwo ibintu mu buryo bw’ubuhinga n’ubuhinga bw’imiti bivanye n’aho iyo nkoko ya gallium yaguye.

flowchart TD
    A["Ivyuma vy'amazi vyamenetse kuri PC, Laptop, canke Console"] --> B{"Mbega amashanyarazi yarakoreshejwe INYUMA y’aho amazi aseseka?"}
    B -->|"Ego: PC yananiwe gufungura, gutera umuriro, canke gufunga"| C["Kata AC n'inguvu za bateri -> Kura ivyuma vyose bimeze nk'amazi -> Suzuma ama capacitors ya SMD apfutse afise multimeter mu buryo bw'Ugukomeza/Diode imbere y'uko usubira gutanga inguvu"]
    B -->|"Oya: Ivyo vyamenetse mu gihe co gukoranya canke gusanasana"| D{"None ico cuma c’amazi citwa gallium caguye hehe?"}
    D -->|"Igipfukisho ca PCB gipfutse canke GPU/CPU ipfa ku ruhande"| E["Yonka amabuye menshi n'urushinge rw'ipulasitike rudakomeye -> Ukoresheje imibumbe mikeyi y'amazi ihagaze n'igitambaro ca IPA 99% -> Gufatanya no guterura"]
    D -->|"Ivyuma vy'ubuhinga bwa SMD (CPU/GPU canke VRM)"| F["NTUSIGE ku ruhande -> Aho umwuzure ushitse n'IPA 99% -> Ushire mu buryo buhagaze n'igitambaro c'ifu -> Ushire n'igikoresho co gusukura amabarabara ku muvuduko muto"]
    D -->|"Imbere LGA/AM5/AM4 Igikoresho ca CPU canke Igikoresho ca PCIe"| G["NTUHANURE ibipimo -> Ufuke amabuye manini n'isonga ryiza ry'ipulasitike 27G-30G -> Tera hejuru buhoro buhoro amabuye mato n'umugozi w'uburoso bumwe butose IPA munsi y'uruzitiro rwa 10x"]
    D -->|"Munsi y'igice ca BGA (VRAM, umushinge wa GPU, ikiraro co mu bumanuko)"| H["Guhengamira gatoyi urubaho ruja ku ruhande rwuguruye rwo gukingira -> Umwuzure wo munsi y'ikinogo n'IPA 99% biciye ku nzira y'urushinge -> Shira umugozi w'ipulasitike w'iminota 0.05 canke urupapuro rw'impuzu kugira ngo ukure amabuye hanze"]
    D -->|"Ku gipande c'ishimikiro c'ivyuma vy'umuriro canke ikirundo c'amababa"| I{"None iyo heatsin ikozwe mu cuma ikihe?"}
    I -->|"Umuringa utagira ikintu canke umuringa ushizweko nickel"| J["SAFE: Gallium ikora ibara ry’amazi ritagira akamaro -> Sukura ibirenze urugero n’IPA 99% -> Sukura gatoyi n’ivyuma canke urupapuro rw’umusenyi rwo mu bwoko bwa 2000 iyo rufise ibitonyanga"]
    I -->|"Aluminium yasohotse gusa canke yashizwemwo"| K["AKAGA GAKOMEYE: Ivyuma bimeze nk'amazi -> Uce ubihanagura ubwo nyene n'IPA 99% -> Ushire umusenyi kure y'aho ivyuma bimeze nk'ivyuma -> Uta heatsink iyo ivyuma bimenetse canke bifise imyobo"]

Gutahura fizike n'ubuhinga bw'ivyuma vy'amazi y'ivyuma vy'amazi¶

Kugira ngo usukure ivyuma bimeze nk’amazi vyamenetse ataco bihinduye bibi incuro cumi, utegerezwa gutahura ibintu bitatu bituma eutectic gallium-indium-tin (GaInSn, mu bisanzwe bifise nk’ibice 68,5 kw’ijana vy’ivyuma vyitwa gallium, 21,5 kw’ijana vy’ivyuma vyitwa indium, n’ivyuma 10 kw’ijana vy’ivyuma vyitwa tin ku buremere) bikora mu buryo butandukanye cane n’ubw’ivyuma vyitwa silicone thermal paste canke mercury:

1. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuyagankuba burengeje urugero n'ugukorana n'ibindi¶

Amapasta y’ubushuhe asanzwe (nk’aya Arctic MX-4, MX-6, Noctua NT-H1, canke Kryonaut) amanika ibintu vy’ivyuma bitagira umuyagankuba (ivyuma vy’ivyuma bita aluminiyumu, ivyuma vy’ivyuma canke ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma) imbere mu gikoresho co gutwara amavuta ya silikoni. Naho woba ushizeko umuti usanzwe ku bikoresho vya GPU vyerekanwa, ukora nk’ikintu gikingira umuyagankuba. Ivyuma bifise amazi, mu buryo butandukanye n’ubwo, ni icuma gisukuye gishonze gifise ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuyagankuba burenga imiliyoni 3,1 z’ama Siemens kuri metero. Kubera ko amapaki ya CPU yo muri iki gihe (nk’ibikoresho vya AMD Ryzen AM5, ibikoresho vyo hasi vya Intel Core, n’ibikoresho vya laptop BGA) be n’ibikoresho vy’ikarata y’ibishushanyo bikikuje iyo silikoni n’ibikoresho vyinshi vy’ubunini bwa 0201 n’ubunini bwa 0402), ibikoresho vy’amazi bifise uburebure buri munsi ya 0.25 milimetero. n’ijisho ry’umuntu bizotuma habaho ikiraro c’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara.

2. Urukoba rwo mu kanya nk’ako gukubita gallium-oxide (kubera iki ivyuma bimeze nk’amazi bipfuka iyo bihanaguwe vyumye)¶

Galium y’amazi asukuye irafise ubushuhe bwa degre 29,76 (degre 85,57 Fahrenheit), kandi iyo ifatanijwe n’indium n’itini, ubushuhe bwayo bwo gushonga buragabanuka bukaja munsi ya degre 10 Celsius (degre 50 Fahrenheit). Iyo umuntu ashikiwe n’umwuka w’ikirere wo mu cumba, igice co hanze c’itonde ry’icuma gifise amazi kirakora mu masegonda makeyi kugira ngo kibe urukoba rutoyi kandi rukomeye rwitwa gallium(III) oxide (Ga2O3) n’uburebure bwa nanometero nkeyi gusa:

• Igihe ritakozweko: Iryo tonde ryifata nk’agapupe k’amazi gatoyi gafatanye n’uburemere bwinshi bw’imbere (nk’ama Newton 0,5 gushika kuri 0,7 kuri metero).
• Igihe uhanaguye yumutse: Iyo ukuruye igitambaro c’ipampa cyumye canke igitambaro c’impapuro ku gitonyanga, uca utabura urukoba rwa gallium-oxide maze ugakandagira icuma c’amazi c’imbere gishasha kigaragara ku gicapo c’ibara ry’agahama c’ibara ry’agahama ry’ibara ry’agahama ry’ibara ry’agahama ry’ibara ry’agahama. Urukoba rwa oxide rwacitse ruca ruhinduka maze rugafatanya ico cuma casizwe ku ruhande nk’irangi ry’ifeza ry’amazi, rugasiga inyuma ibara ry’umweru rishobora gutwara umuyagankuba be n’ibihumbi vy’amabuye makeyi.
• Kubera iki 99 kw’ijana vy’inzoga ya isopropyl (IPA) ikora: Naho inzoga ya isopropyl idashobora gusenyura ivyuma bimeze nk’amazi (ivyuma ntibisenyuka mu nzoga), gusesagura urudodo n’inzoga 99 kw’ijana bikuraho umuyaga, bitera amavuta ku ruhande ruri munsi y’urukoba rwa gallium-oxideu, amabuye matomato anyanyagiye kugira ngo asubire hamwe (coalesce) abe umubumbe umwe ukayangana ushobora guterurwa mu buryo buhagaze.

3. Ivyuma bimeze nk’amazi (LME) vy’aluminium n’ugusenyuka kw’ivyuma n’umuringa¶

Gallium y’amazi ikorana mu buryo butandukanye cane n’ivyuma biri muri mudasobwa:

Intambwe ku yindi uburyo bwo gukuraho: Gusukura ivyuma bifise amazi biva muri PCBs na SMDs¶

Kora ahantu hakeye, hatagira umuyaga ukoresheje ibi bikoresho:

• Ugukura: A 10x igikombe c'umuhinguzi w'amabuye y'agaciro, mikrosikope ya USB, canke kamera ya telefone ngendanwa yashizwe kuri 5x ku 8x zoom n’umuco wa LED ufunguye.
• Igikoresho co kunyonga: Urushinge rw’ipulasitike rwirabura rwo mu bwoko bwa Luer-lock n’urushinge rwa militiro 1 ruri kumwe n’icuma cawe c’amazi, canke pipette y’ipulasitike isukuye.
• Igikoresho co gusukura: 99 kw’ijana vy’inzoga y’isopropyle idafise amazi (IPA) (wirinde 70 kw’ijana y’inzoga yo gusukura) n’igikombe c’ikintu co gusukura ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none bishobora gukoreshwa n’amapulasitike.
• Ivyo gukoresha: Ivyuma vy’impuzu vy’isuku vy’amahembe, ivyuma vy’ipampa bikomeretse neza, ibara ryiza ry’irangi ry’inylon, n’urudodo rw’ibara ry’umukara canke ry’ibara ry’umukara (Kapton).
• Igikoresho co gushiramwo ibintu: Igikombe c’ivyuma canke igikombe c’ipulasitike gipfutse n’igitambaro c’impapuro gitose co gusohoramwo amabuye ya gallium yegeranijwe.

Icigwa ca 1: Guhumeka kw'amabuye menshi (uguhumeka kwumye)¶

1. Ikarata y’aho amazi aseseka munsi y’umuco w’imfuruka: Mukaze itara ry’umuco ry’umuco ku mfuruka y’amadegre 15. Amabuye y'ivyuma y'amazi yerekana umuco nk'utugingo ngengabuzima dutoduto tw'umupira w'amabuye, ahagaze neza cane ku gipfukisho c'umwirabura canke icatsi kibisi. Suzuma gushika ku masentimetero 20 (8 inches) kure y’aho CPU canke GPU ifata, harimwo n’imbere mu bibanza vya RAM, ibibanza vya M.2, n’ibifatanya amashanyarazi.
2. Aspirate buri rudodo rurengeye milimetero 0.5 (0.02 inches): Fata isonga ry’ipulasitike ryirabura ry’ibara ry’agahama ku rushinge rwawe rw’icuma c’amazi, usunikire igikoresho co gutera umuyaga hasi kugira ngo ukuremwo umwuka, ukore ku mutwe buhoro buhoro ku ruhande rw’urudodo rw’icuma c’amazi, hanyuma ukure igikoresho co gutera amazi inyuma buhoro buhoro.
3. Koresha "mother-bead coalescence trick" ku bidengeri vy'ibidengeri: Iyo akatonyanga gatoyi kanse kwinjira mu mutwe w'urushinge ubwako, sunika akadodo gatoyi k'icuma c'amazi hagati y'isonga ry'urushinge rwawe kugira ngo kamanike ku ntugu, ukore kuri ako budodo kamanikiye ku gitonyanga c'inyuma maze ukore ku gitonyanga camenetse. Kubera ko icuma c’amazi gifise ubucuti bukomeye bwo kwifatanya, iryo tonde ryamenetse rifata mu rudodo rumanitse ku mpera y’urushinge rwawe maze rikayonka imbere.

Icigwa ca 2: Gukura amabuye make mu bikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa SMD (ibikoresho vya CPU/GPU)¶

Ico kibanza giteye akaga kuruta ibindi vyose ni uruzitiro rwinshi rw’utugingo ngengabuzima dutoduto tw’ibara ry’agahama dukikuje CPU canke GPU y’ibara ry’agahama, igice c’ubushuhe bwa AMD Ryzen AM5, igikoresho ca Intel gipfutse, canke igikoresho ca PlayStation 5 APU.

1. Usendere umurongo w’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi n’inzoga ya isopropyl 99 kw’ijana: Koresha igikoresho co gutonyanga canke urushinge kugira ngo ushire amatonyanga 3 canke 4 y’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi vy’amashanyarazi 99 kw’ijana ataco bimaze hejuru y’ibikoresho vya SMD vyanduye kugira ngo bibe mu kidengeri gitomoye c’inzoga.
2. Dab vertically n’igitambaro c’ifu gifise amahembe gifise IPA: Niwibike igitambaro c’ifu gisongoye mu 99 kw’ijana vya IPA. Kanda umutwe utose ugororotse hasi uhagaze ku ma capacitors hanyuma utere hejuru ugororotse. Ntukigere ukora **scrub mu buryo buringaniye, bishobora gufata aka capacitor gatoyi ka 0201 maze kakagatabura ku bipande vyako vy’ugutera canke bikamenagura gallium mu bice bitobito.
3. Gufatanya amabuye yafunzwe kuva hagati y'ibihengeri vy'amashanyarazi: Munsi 5x ku 10x n’ugukura, ukoreshe ubwoya bumwe bw’inylon buyoroshe buva ku buraso busukuye bw’amazi (canke umutwe w’igiti c’amenyo ushizwe ku ntumbero nziza cane maze ushizwe mu IPA 99 kw’ijana) kugira ngo ushire mu bugwaneza amabuye y’ifeza y’agaciro gatoyi cane avuye mu kinogo gitoyi kiri hagati y’imirongo ibiri y’ivyo bikoresho, ushire mu kinogo c’inzoga kigutse. Iyo amabuye makeyi amaze gukorana imbere mu kidengeri c’inzoga, arafatanya akagira umubumbe munini cane ushobora guterura ugororotse ukoresheje igitambaro gitose canke ukawufukura ukoresheje urushinge.
4. Ita ibipfukisho buri 3 canke 4 dabs: Igihe umutwe w’igipfukisho utoragura amabara y’ifeza, ugijugunye maze ufate igipfukisho gishasha. Gusubira gukoresha igitambaro c’umwanda bisubira gushiramwo amabuye makeyi ku bikoresho vy’amazi bisukuye.

Icigwa ca 3: Gukuraho ivyuma bifise amazi bifunzwe munsi y'ibice vya BGA (VRAM, GPU core, canke chipset)¶

Iyo icuma c’amazi kivuye ku ruhande rw’igikoresho ca GPU canke c’umurongo wa PlayStation 5 kigaca kija mu kinogo c’umuyaga c’imilimetero 0,3 (inci 0,012) kiri munsi y’ibice vy’umurongo wa GDDR6 VRAM biri hafi canke munsi y’urubibi rw’igikoresho ca BGA, igikoresho gisanzwe c’ipampa ntigishobora kugishikako.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  FLUSHING GALLIUM BEADS FROM UNDERNEATH A BGA CHIP (VRAM / GPU)       |
|                                                                       |
|       [ Black BGA VRAM Chip ]                                         |
|       =======================                                         |
|        ( ) ( )  * <-- Trapped Gallium Bead between Solder Balls       |
|       ---------------------------------------------------------       |
|       [ Green/Black Fiberglass PCB ]                                  |
|                                                                       |
|  1. Tilt PCB at 30 degrees with a folded paper towel taped against    |
|     the lower exit edge of the BGA chip as a catch-dam.               |
|  2. Inject 99% Isopropyl Alcohol through the upper edge of the chip   |
|     using a blunt plastic syringe to float the oxide skin loose.      |
|  3. Slide a 0.05 mm strip of smooth Parchment Paper or Kapton film    |
|     soaked in 99% IPA through the under-chip gap to sweep beads out.  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

1. Wubaka urugomero rwo gufata amazi ku ruhande rw’isohoka: Zingira igitambaro c’ivyuma bitagira ubwoya canke akayunguruzo k’ikawa gatose n’ivyuma 99 kw’ijana vy’IPA maze ugikande cane ku ruhande rwo hasi rw’igice ca BGA aho ushaka ko icuma c’amazi gisohoka, kugira ngo amabuye apfutse ntabe azunguruka mu gice c’ivyuma.
2. Hengereza PCB ku mfuruka ya degre 30 gushika kuri 45 maze ushiremwo 99 kw’ijana IPA uvuye ku ruhande rutari rwo: Uzuza inshinge isukuye inzoga isopropyl 99 kw’ijana, ushire umutwe ku gice co hejuru c’igice ca BGA, hanyuma ushiremwo inzoga idahinduka munsi y’inzoga. Kubera ko inzoga ya isopropyl ifise ubushobozi buke bwo gutera (21,7 millinewtons kuri metero), ica mu nzira y’umupira w’amabuye y’agaciro yitwa BGA maze igaterera imipira y’umupira w’amaguru y’agaciro (gallium) isohoka ku mpuzu yawe yo gufata.
3. **Kubura ico kinogo n’urupapuro rw’inshato rw’imilimetero 0,05 (0,002-inch) canke urupapuro rw’inshato rw’imilimetero 3 (0,12-inch) rw’urupapuro rw’inshato rwo gutekako urupapuro rw’inkoni rwo mu gicapo, canke urupapuro rw’inshato rworoshe rwitwa Kaimide ubwavyo). Tobesha iyo nzira n’IPA 99 kw’ijana, uyishire munsi y’urubibi rw’igice ca BGA hagati y’imirongo y’imipira y’ivyuma, hanyuma uyikure hanze yerekeza ku mpuzu yawe yo gufata. Suzuma umurongo uri munsi y’ugukura inyuma y’uguca kwose; subiramwo n’imirongo mishasha n’ibipfunsi vya IPA gushika amapase atanu akurikiranye asohotse ata mabara y’ifeza.
4. Kora igikorwa ca nyuma co gusukura ivyuma bifatanye n’umuvuduko muto: Fata urubaho mu mfuruka y’amadegre 45 hejuru y’igitereko c’imyanda maze ufumbire umugezi w’ivyuma bisukura ivyuma bifatanye n’ivyuma bishobora gukoreshwa n’amapulasitike biciye mu mfuruka iri munsi y’igice kugira ngo woze ibintu bigumaho.

Icigwa ca 4: Gukura ivyuma bimeze nk'amazi mu gitereko ca AMD AM5, AM4, canke Intel LGA¶

Iyo itosi ry’icuma ry’amazi riguye mu nzira y’ibipimo vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (raba CPU yakuwe hanze n'igikoresho co gushuha canke ibipimo vy'isoketi bipfutse ku buhinga bw'ibipimo):

1. Ntukigere ukurura igipfukisho ku bipfunsi vya LGA: Amababi y’umuringa-beryllium afise inzahabu afise ishusho ya J arasohoka imbere mu gipfukisho ca LGA ahita apfukama iyo afashwe.
2. Konjesha gatoyi igisoko kugira ngo urudodo rukomeze: Gushiramwo motherboard idakoresha amashanyarazi imbere mu gafuko k’ivyuma bishobora guhagarara (harimwo amapaki y’ivyuma vyuma kugira ngo ntihagire amazi akora) mu gitereko c’amazi ku 1000.000. -18 degrees Celsius (0 degrees Fahrenheit) mu minota 45, canke gukora kuri iryo tonde mu gihe gitoyi n’agasonga gatoyi k’urushinge rwo kudodera rw’icuma rwo mu barafu yumye, birashobora gutuma iryo buye rihinduka igipande c’ifeza gikomeye ushobora guterura ugororotse ku bihimba vy’ifeza ukoresheje ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bitagira amabuye y’agaciro ataco uciyemwo.
3. Gukura amazi mu gukura: Niba ukura mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba, ushiremwo IPA 99 kw’ijana ku bipimo vy’amasokete vyafashwe ukoresheje igikoresho co gutera amaso. Koresha igipfukisho c’ibara ry’umuhondo c’ipulasitike c’uburemere bwa 30 ku gipfukisho (canke igipfukisho kimwe c’irangi c’ibara ry’umuhondo gitose na IPA) gipfutse neza mu buryo bujanye n’uruzitiro rw’ibipimo vya LGA kugira ngo ushire urudodo rw’ifeza ku mpera y’urudodo aho igipfukisho c’irangi gitose gishobora kugikorako.

Gukuraho ibara ry'umweru ry'umuringa ryasigaye ku gipfukisho ca PCB canke umuringa¶

Uhejeje gukuraho urudodo rwose rw’umubumbe rw’icuma c’amazi, ushobora kubona ibara ry’umweru ry’agahomerabunwa ku gipfukisho c’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, ku mibiri y’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, canke ku gipfukisho c’ivyuma vy’umuringa.

• Ku Bipande Bikonje vy’Umuringa canke Nickel: Ibara ry’ifeza ry’umweru ku gitereko c’umuringa ni igice gikomeye c’umuringa n’ivyuma (CuGa2). Nta co bimaze kandi ntibikeneye gukurwaho. Niba uriko urahindukira ugasubira ku thermal paste isanzwe kandi ushaka ko ahantu haba ahantu heza, shira itosi ry’ivyuma bitagira ubushuhe** ku gikoresho co gusukura umuringa mu gihe kivuye kuri PC, ushireko igitambaro c’ivyuma bita microfibre, hanyuma ushireko IPA y’ibice 99 kw’ijana.
• Ku gipfukisho ca PCB n’ibikoresho vya SMD: Igipfukisho c’umweru gitoyi kiri ku gipfukisho ca PCB ni igice c’ivyuma vy’umuringa (Ga2O3) bivanze n’ibice vy’ivyuma bitobito cane bifashwe mu mutego**. Uwusukure mu gutobeka igitambaro c’ipampa gifise amahembe 99 kw’ijana IPA, ugazunguruka umutwe w’igitambaro inyuma ku gicapo (nk’igitambaro co gupfuka aho kugisukura), hanyuma ugata igitambaro kigihinduka imvi. Subiramwo n’ibikoresho bishasha gushika ipampa rivuye ryera kandi igipfukisho c’ivyuma kigaragara ko gisukuye munsi ya . 10x gukura.

PlayStation 5 (PS5) n'uruganda rwa mudasobwa y'imikino yo gusubiza amazi mu vyuma vyamenetse¶

Ivyo bikoresho vya Sony vyitwa PlayStation 5 be n’ibikoresho vyinshi vy’imikino vy’agaciro kanini (nk’ivyo ASUS ROG Zephyrus, Strix SCAR, n’ibindi bikoresho vya Alienware) biva mw’ihinguriro bifise ivyuma bifise amazi ku gipfukisho ca APU canke CPU gikikujwe n’urugomero rw’inzitiro rw’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma.

1. Gupima "PS5 Vertical Dry Spot" vs. Barrier Breach: Mu gihe c'igihe, gukoresha ubushuhe kuri PS5 canke kuri laptop y'imikino birashobora gutuma ikidengeri c'ivyuma kiri ku rupfu rwa silicon gihinduka oxide maze kigasubira inyuma, kigasiga igice c'umweru w'umwirabura gihinduka oxide ku gipfukisho ca silicon. Igihe cose icuma c’amazi kiguma imbere mu gipfukisho c’ifu y’umwirabura gikikuje APU, nticari kigabanyije igipande c’umuvyeyi: ushire igitambaro c’ipampa gisukuye mu 99 kw’ijana IPA, ushireko ubugwaneza ahantu h’umweru ku gipfukisho ca silikoni n’igipfukisho c’umuringa kugira ngo umenagure kandi ushiremwo ivyuma vy’umuringa, ku mpande zompi.
2. Nimba Icuma c’Amazi c’Ihinguriro Camenetse Urugomero rw’Ifu mu gihe co Gusenyura: Niba waradugije PS5 canke laptop heatsink n’ivyuma vy’amazi vyamenetse hanze y’igipfukisho c’ifu ku rubaho rwa nyina, kurikiza Intambwe 1 gushika ku 3 ziri hejuru kugira ngo ukure urudodo rwose ku rubaho, hanyuma usuzume imbere yo gusubira gusenya igipfukisho c’uruganda. Niba urugomero rw’ifu rwacitse, rwacitse, canke rwinjijwemwo gallium, subirizaho igipfukisho c’ifu (canke ushireko amabara abiri ya igipfukisho c’ifu gitomoye / Thermal Grizzly Shield barrier ku bikoresho vyose vya SMD bikikije maze ubireke bikire iminota 30) imbere yo gusubira gukoresha igipfukisho c’ifu.

Igenzura ry'imbere y'ubushobozi: Igerageza ry'umurongo mugufi wa Multimeter n'ibirwanisho vy'intambamyi¶

Ntukigere usubiramwo umugozi w’amashanyarazi ushingiye ku kubona ataco ukora. Uzuza iyi ntambwe zine z'umuyagankuba n'amaso mbere:

1. Ivyo 10x Angled Flashlight Scan: Suzuma buri milimetero kare y’igice ca CPU/GPU, inzira za VRM ziri hafi, ibibanza vya RAM, n’inyuma ya PCB iri munsi ya 10x gukura mu gihe uriko uragendagenda itara ry’umuco w’izuba ry’umuco mu nziga y’amadegre 360. Iyo ata kintu na kimwe kikayangana nk’ifeza y’icuma, ugusukura kw’amaso kuraheza.
2. Igenzura ry'Ugukomeza / Ubushobozi bwo Guhangana n'Ibikoresho Bifatanya: Shiraho multimeter y'ubuhinga bwa none ku Ugukomeza canke Ohms zito (200 ohm urutonde). Kora ku gipimo kimwe ku ntumbero yo hasi (nk’igifatanya n’icuma ca PCIe) hanyuma ukore ku kindi gipimo ku mpera zompi z’ibikoresho vya SMD aho ivyuka vyamenetse:
3. Uruhande rumwe rw'umuyagankuba wose ufatanya n'Isi (0.0 to 0.5 ohms), mu gihe uruhande rumwe rufatanya n’umurongo w’amashanyarazi.
4. Igikoresho gikomeye ca GPU (NVVDD / VDDGFX) na CPU Vcore amabarabara mu bisanzwe arafise ubushobozi buke cane bwo kurwanya hasi (kenshi 0.4 to 2.5 ohms), rero igisomwa ca ohm gito ku bikoresho vy’imbere ni ibisanzwe. Ariko rero, 12V, 5V, 3.3V, na 1.8V / 1.2V amabarabara akwiye gusoma kuva kuri 20 ohms ku bilo-ohms vyinshi. Nimba a 12V canke 3.3V Igari y'umuyagankuba isoma 0.0 ohms yapfuye gushika hasi, haracariho ikiraro c’icuma c’amazi cihishije munsi y’igice.
5. Uwume bimwe bishitse iminota 60: Reka urubaho rwasukuwe rwicare munsi y’itara ry’ameza canke umuyaga ushushe nibura iminota 60 kugira ngo ivyuma vyose bifatwa munsi y’amapaki ya BGA bivemwo umwuka.
6. Apply Preventative Conformal Coating Before Reapplying Liquid Metal: If you plan to keep using liquid metal, brush two thin coats of Thermal Grizzly TG Shield, MG Chemicals 422C Silicone Conformal Coating, or wrap the perimeter with high-temperature polyimide (Kapton) tape so future pump-out ntishobora kwigera ikora ku bipande vy’umuyagankuba bitagira ikintu.

Inomero z'ivyihutirwa zo mu karere n'amategeko y'ibigo¶

Naho ivyuma bimeze nk’amazi bimenetse ku rubaho rudakoreshwa n’amashanyarazi ari ikintu gikomeye cane, amashanyarazi akoreshwa n’amashanyarazi ku makarita y’ibishushanyo afise ubushobozi bwinshi (450W ku 600W 12VHPWR rails) canke ama laptops ya litiyumu-ion ashobora gutuma umuriro w’ibihimba, umwotsi ukaze, canke ubushuhe bwa bateri:

• Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada: Hamagara 911 ubwo nyene iyo bateri ya PC canke ya laptop ipfuye itangura kunywa umwotsi, gutera umuriro, canke kwinjira mu nzira y’ubushuhe. Ku bijanye n’ugushikirwa n’ibintu birimwo gallium-indium-tin mu mpanuka, hamagara Ibiro bijejwe kugenzura ubumara kuri 1-800-222-1222 (Amerika) canke 1-844-UBUMARI-X / 1-844-764-7669 (Kanada). Raporo y’ivyago vy’umuriro w’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none ku U.S. Komisiyo y’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa vy’abaguzi (CPSC) ku SaferProducts.gov.
• Ubwongereza: Hamagara 999 (canke 112) ku bijanye n’umuriro w’amashanyarazi canke ivyihutirwa vy’amabateri. Kugira ngo ubone impanuro zitari ivyihutirwa zo gushikirwa n’imiti, hamagara NHS 111 kugira ngo ushikire Ikigo c’Igihugu kijejwe amakuru yerekeye ubumara (NPIS) ubuyobozi.
• Ubumwe bw'Uburayi: Hamagara 112 mu bihugu vyose bigize Ubumwe bw'Uburayi ku bibazo vy'umuriro n'ubuvuzi vyihutirwa. Ivyuma bikoreshwa n’ubushuhe bigurishwa mu bihugu vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi bifise Itegeko rya REACH / CLP (EC No 1272/2008) Urupapuro rw’amakuru yerekeye umutekano (SDS) ruvuga ido n’ido ingene umuntu akoresha ivyuma vy’umuringa.
• Australiya na Nouvelle-Zélande: Hamagara kuri 000 muri Australiya canke 111 muri Nouvelle-Zélande kugira ngo ubone ubufasha bw’umuriro canke bw’ivyihutirwa. Ku bijanye n’ugushikirwa n’imiti canke ivyuma, hamagara Ikigo c’amakuru y’ubumara co muri Australiya kuri 13 11 26 canke Ikigo c’igihugu c’ubumara co muri Nouvelle-Zélande kuri 0800 764 766.
• Ubuhindi na Aziya-Pasifike: Hamagara 112 mu Buhindi (canke 101 ku Muriro), 119 mu Buyapani na Koreya y’Epfo, canke 995 muri Singapore. Raba ububiko bwacu bwose bwa inomero z'ivyihutirwa.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Mbega ivyuma vy’amazi bifise ubushuhe birateye akaga gukorako n’ibiganza gusa canke guhumeka?¶

Ivyuma vy’amazi vy’ubudandaji bikorana n’ubushuhe (nk’ivyo bita Thermal Grizzly Conductonaut, Cooler Master MasterGel Liquid, n’ivyuma vy’amazi vy’uruganda PS5/ASUS ROG) ni ivyuma vy’amazi vy’uruganda) ni ivyuma vy’amazi vy’ivyuma bita gallium, indium, n’ivyuma bitagira ubumara kandi bitagira ubumara bwa mercury canke lead. Bitanga umwotsi w’ubumara mu cumba canke mu bushuhe bwo kuri orodinateri kandi ntibinywa biciye ku rukoba rufise amagara meza, naho nyene amakete y’umutekano asaba kwambara amaganzu y’umuriro kubera ko gallium itose amavuta y’urukoba ubwo nyene maze igasiga ibara ry’umuhondo w’umukara. Woze urukoba n’isabune, amazi asusurutse, n’inzoga zo gutera iyo umaze gukorana.

Bigenda gute iyo akagingo ngengabuzima gatoyi k’icuma gifise amazi gakoze ku gikoresho co gutera umuriro c’aluminium mu masegonda 10 gusa?¶

Iyo icuma c’amazi kiguye ku gitereko c’umuriro c’aluminiyumu gifise anode canke gisizwe irangi, maze ukagihanagura n’inzoga isopropyl 99 kw’ijana mu masegonda 10 canke 30 imbere y’uko gica mu gice c’ivyuma c’ivyuma bikingira, akenshi ico gikoresho ntikigira ico gikoze. Ariko rero, iyo iyo gallium alloy yicaye ku aluminium yakozwe n’imashini, igasiga ikintu c’umweru canke ikinogo gikomeye, iyo gallium iba yaramaze gutangura gukwiragira mu mipaka y’intete z’aluminium biciye ku Liquid Metal Embrittlement, kandi ico gice c’aluminium kigomba gutabwa kubera ko ubutungane bwaco buzotuma ubutungane bwayo buhungabana.

Ni kuki igikoresho canje co gukonjesha umuringa cahindutse ifeza y’agahomerabunwa aho ico cuma c’amazi cagikozeko, kandi coba carahonye igikoresho canje co gukonjesha?¶

Ibara ry’ifeza ry’umweru ry’umuringa riri ku gipande c’umuringa c’i CPU canke ku cumba c’umwotsi ca laptop ni ibisanzwe kandi ntivyonona igikoresho co gukonjesha. Gallium ikorana n’imikorometero mikeyi yo hejuru y’umuringa utagira ikintu kugira ngo ikore igice gikomeye c’umuringa n’ivyuma bifatanye n’ivyuma (`CuGa2`), kiguma gishobora gutwara ubushuhe kandi ntikigera gituma imibumbe imeneka nk’uko aluminium ibigira. Ushobora gusiga iryo bara ry’ifeza uko riri maze ugashirako umunyu mushasha w’ubushuhe, canke ugasukura gatoyi igice cose c’ibara ry’agahama ukoresheje urupapuro rw’umusenyi rwo mu bwoko bwa 2000 imbere y’uko urusukura n’inzoga isopropyl 99 kw’ijana.

Noshobora gukoresha igikoresho co gusukura kugira ngo nnyonye ivyuma vy’amazi vyamenetse ku rupapuro rwanje?¶

Ntukigere ukora ku nzira y’ivyuma vyo mu nzu ku gipande c’ivyuma, ku ikarita y’ibishushanyo canke ku gicapo ca CPU kugira ngo usukure ivyuma bifise amazi. Umuyaga wihuta cane unyura mu nzira y’ubusa y’ipulasitike utanga ibihumbi vy’amavolte y’umuyagankuba (ESD) ushobora gusenyura mu gacerere ama transistors ya CMOS, mu gihe umuvuduko munini w’ugunyota ushobora gutabura ama capacitors ashobora gushirwa ku ruhande canke ama socket ya LGA ku rubaho maze ugaca ushiramwo ivyuma vy’amazi bishika kure cane mu slo. Imisi yose ukoreshe ukunyota kw’amaboko kw’umuvuduko mutoyi ukoresheje akarungo gatoyi k’ipulasitike gafise umutwe udakomeye be n’ibikoresho vy’inzoga vy’isopropyle bitose 99 kw’ijana.

Naciye nkoresha PC canke laptop yanje mu mpanuka nkoresheje ivyuma vy’amazi vyamenetse maze ica irazima. None yoba yapfuye ubuziraherezo?¶

Si ngombwa, kubera ko amashanyarazi yo muri iki gihe be n’ibikoresho bigenzura umuriro (VRMs) bifise ubuhinga bwo gukingira umuriro urengeje urugero (OCP) n’uburinzi bw’umuriro mutoyi (SCP) bugenda mu masegonda makeyi iyo umuduga w’ibarabara ushitse hasi. Ubwo nyene ushire umuriro n’ibati, ukureho akarongo kose k’ivyuma bifise amazi ukoresheje ubuhinga bwo gusukura inzoga isopropyl bufise 99 kw’ijana, ureke iyo board yume isaha imwe, hanyuma ugerageze amabarabara y’amashanyarazi yagutse ukoresheje igipimo c’umuyagankuba imbere y’uko ugerageza gusubira gufungura.

Ni igiki gishobora gukoreshwa mu gukingira zero-spill kuruta ivyuma bikora neza cane ku GPU n’ama laptop?¶

Niba ushaka ko ubushuhe bugenda neza kandi bushobora gukomera hafi y’ivyuma bifise amazi ku bikoresho vya GPU bitagira ikintu, ku bikoresho vy’imikino bifatwa mu minwe, canke ku bikoresho vy’amaboko bitagira ingorane z’amashanyarazi canke gusenyuka kw’ivyuma, koresha igikoresho c’ubushuhe gihindura inzira nk’ica Honeywell PTM7950 (canke Thermal Grizzly PeneSheet PeneSheet). Honeywell PTM7950 ni 100 kw’ijana y’umuyagankuba udashobora gutwara umuyagankuba, irakomeye mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kuyishiramwo bitagoranye, kandi irashonga ikagira ikintu gikomeye gikomeye cane kiri hejuru ya degre 45 z’ubushuhe (113 degrees Fahrenheit).

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• CPU yakuwe hanze n'igikoresho co gushuha canke ibipimo vy'isoketi bipfutse
• PC isanzwe ishushe cane n'amazi akonjesha gutobora
• GPU ikora n'ibikoresho bihungabana
• PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR ihuza, n'umuyagankuba umuriro umunuko muri PC

Amasoko n'ubuyobozi buzwi¶

• IPC (Ishirahamwe ry’Inganda zihuza Ivyuma vy’Ikoranabuhanga): IPC-7711/7721 Gusubira gukora, Guhindura no Gusana Ivyuma vy’Ikoranabuhanga na IPC-J-STD-001 Ibisabwa ku Teraniro z’Ikoranabuhanga ry’Ikoranabuhanga (Uguhuza kw’Ibikoresho vy’Ikoranabuhanga n’Ibikoresho vy’Ikoranabuhanga).
• Ishirahamwe ry’ubushuhe ryitwa Thermal Grizzly GmbH (EC 1907/2006 REACH): Igitabu c’amakuru yerekeye umutekano w’ibikoresho vy’ubushuhe vy’umuyagankuba (Ugukoresha, imburi z’ukudahuza kw’aluminium, n’ugusukura inzoga y’isopropyle).
• ASM International: Igitabo ca ASM Umuzingo wa 13A: Ugusenyuka - Ugusenyuka kw’ivyuma vy’amazi (LME) vy’ivyuma vy’aluminium bikozwe muri Gallium (Ubuhinga bwo gukwiragira kw’ivyuma vy’amazi ku aluminium n’umuringa).
• Underwriters Laboratories (UL): UL 62368-1 Ibisabwa kugira ngo ibikoresho vy’amajwi/amasanamu, ivy’amakuru n’ivy’itumanaho bibe vyiza (Ibisabwa vyo gukingira amashanyarazi ku bipande vy’amashanyarazi bicapwe).
• Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu ry’Ukurinda Umuriro (NFPA): Itegeko rya NFPA 70B ryerekeye Gucungera Ibikoresho vy’Umuyagankuba (Gukuraho inguvu, gusukura umutekano w’ibikoresho vy’umuyagankuba, no kugabanya ingorane z’umuyagankuba).