ATV, UTV Rollover, na Go-Kart itwara umugozi w'imisatsi canke imyambaro¶

Ivyuma vy’imiduga bigenda hanze y’inzira (ATVs), Ivyuma vy’ibikorwa vy’ubuzima (UTVs canke iruhande n’inyuma), n’ivy’imyidagaduro canke vy’ugutanga amabarabara bitera ibibazo bibiri bitandukanye, bifata umwanya munini: uguhungabana kw’imodoka iremereye clo.hantanglement drive-RPgh na hi Ivyo binyabiziga vyitwa ATV bifise ivyicaro vy’amaguru bifise uruzitiro rutoyi, ahantu h’uburemere buhambaye, kandi bifise amapine akomeye ata n’amaguru atandukanye, ivyo bikaba bituma bishobora guhindukira bikomeye mu ruhande, mu nyuma no mu mabarabara y’amabuye. Iyo Ikilo 250 gushika ku 450 (amapawundi 550 gushika ku 1.000) ATV canke ikilo 700 gushika ku 1.100 (amapawundi 1.500 gushika ku 2.400) UTV roll cage ihindukiye ku gikiriza c’umugendesha, ku rubavu, canke ku kuboko kurambuye mu masomu kwagura urubavu kugira ngo umuntu ashobore guhema), umuriro w’amavuta y’ibitoro uva ku mutwe w’umuriro w’ubushuhe bwa degre 500 (degre 930-Fahrenheit), n’indwara y’ugumenagura iyo uyipfutse iminota irenga 15 gushika kuri 60.

Ku nzira z’inyuma n’inyuma y’urugo, akaga ka mbere gashobora gutera ubuzima ni inyuma y’umutwe w’umushoferi: umugozi w’inyuma w’umushoferi uzunguruka, umugozi w’inyuma, n’uruzitiro canke umukanda. Iyo umuntu ahindukiye ku 1.500 gushika ku 4.000 ku munota (RPM) inyuma y’intebe, umugozi w’ibarabara utarindwa canke urindwa bimwebimwe, urazunguruka umushatsi muremure, amahodi, ibitambaro canke imigozi mu masegonda atarenga 0,2. Kubera ko umushatsi w’umuntu ufise inkomezi zo gukomera zigereranywa n’urutsinga rw’icuma iyo rugobewe mu mugozi, iyo nzira izunguruka umutwe w’uwuyigenderako uyisubiza inyuma ku gice ca moteri n’inguvu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi vy’ama Newton, bigatuma umugongo w’intanga uca uvunika ubwo nyene maze ugacika intege canke **uca umugongo w’intanga uca uvuna (ye scalp the pebroul of)w izosi. Kumenya kwica moteri ubwo nyene, guhagarika umuvuduko w’umubiri utasubiye gutera umutwe ku muntu yagirizwa, no kuzigama urukoba rw’umutwe rwavunitse mu mpuzu y’impuzu y’ibarafu ikaze ku barafu birakiza ubuzima n’ingaruka nziza.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

Niwabona imodoka ATV canke UTV iriko iratembagazwa canke umushatsi/impuzu zifatanya ubu nyene, shira mu ngiro izi ntambwe zitandatu ubwo nyene:

1. Ica moteri ubwo nyene (kanda ku nzira y’umutuku Thumb Kill Switch, uzime urufunguzo rw’umuriro, canke ukure umugozi w’umuriro): Ku modoka yitwa ATV canke UTV ihindukiye, amavuta y’imodoka arasohoka mu nzira y’umuyagankuba canke mu nzira y’umuyagankuba y’itangi, akaja ku muyoboro w’umuyagankuba w’umutuku ushushe mu gihe uriko urazunguruka amapine. Ku bijanye n’ugufatanya kw’ibarabara ry’ibarabara, igice cose c’isegonda umugozi w’inyuma ubandanya kwizunguruka kirakomeza ivyuma bifatanya canke kigatabura ibindi bihimba. Kubita umuyagankuba w’umutuku wo guhagarika moteri uri ku nzira y’ibubamfu, uhindure umuyagankuba wo guhindura moteri inyuma ushire kuri OFF, canke ukureho igitambaro co guhagarika moteri kiri hejuru y’umuyagankuba wa moteri.
2. Mu gutwara umushatsi canke imyambaro, ushire umutwe w’uwagirizwa ubwo nyene maze ukate imyambaro canke umushatsi GUSA inyuma y’aho umugozi uhagaze: Iyo umugozi w’igitambaro canke w’impuzu y’imbere uzungurutse umugozi maze ukanyiganyiga uwuwugenderako, shira umugozi umwe w’igitambaro kiremereye hagati y’igitambaro kiremereye c’umugozi n’igitambaro c’ibara ry’agahama canke n’umurongo w’ugufunga ubwo nyene. Iyo umushatsi muremure ukomeretse cane ukura izosi ku gikingira umugozi, fata neza umutwe n’ibitugu vy’uwakomeretse kugira ngo uburemere bw’umubiri wiwe ntibumanike ku ijosi ryiwe, hanyuma ukate imirongo y’ubwoya iri hagati y’umugozi n’urukoba rw’umutwe gusa iyo bikenewe kugira ngo urekure ugukwegwakwegwa kw’izosi kwica canke urekure inzira y’impwemu.
3. Iyo umuntu yagirijwe nabi afashwe munsi y’imodoka ATV canke UTV yahindukiye mu gikiriza, ushire hejuru maze ushire imodoka mu gikiriza ciwe mu masegonda make kugira ngo uhagarike guhagarika umutima: ATV y’ibilo 350 (amapawundi 770) iruhukiye ku rubavu rw’umugendesha ibuza diaphragme, caxitu expasing cases3. Koranya abantu bakuru babiri canke bane (canke ukoreshe igikoresho co gukubita, igikoresho co gukubita, canke ishami ry’igiti rirerire rikomeye nk’igikoresho co gutera) kugira ngo ushire hejuru igiti ca ATV ku mubiri mu gihe uwundi muntu anyerera ibitandara, ibiti, amapine y’inyuma, canke amasandugu y’ibikoresho munsi y’igiti kugira ngo ntigishobore gunyerera ngo kigasubire ku muntu yagirizwa.
4. Iyo igihimba canke igihimba c’irondoka vyafashwe munsi ya UTV iremereye iminota irenga 15 gushika kuri 60, guhuza guterura n’abaganga b’ivyihutirwa (Crush Syndrome risk): Iyo igifu c’uwakomeretse kidafise kandi ashobora guhema bitagoranye, ariko ukuguru canke igihimba c’irondoka ciwe kikaba carafashwe cane munsi ya UTV for50. iminota**, guterura uburemere bica bikura bukwi na bukwi potassium, myoglobine, na aside lactique biva mu misifa yajanjaguritse bikaja mu mutima, bigatuma umutima uhagarara bukwi na bukwi (“urupfu rumwenyura”). Hamagara abajejwe ivy’ubutabazi ubwo nyene kugira ngo abaganga bashobore gutanga amazi yo mu mitsi no gukingira umutima imbere y’uko igihimba c’umubiri giterwa (raba Gukomeretswa n'indwara y'ibice).
5. Gucungera amaraso menshi ava mu mutwe ukoresheje umuvuduko utaziguye no kuzigama utugingo ngengabuzima twose two mu mutwe twavunitse mu mpuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu ku barafu: Uruhu rw’umutwe rw’umuntu rufise kimwe mu bihimba vy’amaraso vy’imitsi vy’umubiri; gusenyuka kw’urukoba rwuzuye birashobora gutuma umuntu agira ubwoba bw’ugusohoka amaraso mu minota mikeyi. Zingira neza igihanga kiva amaraso n’ibitambaro canke ibitambaro bisukuye hanyuma ushireko umukazo w’ikiganza (mu bugwaneza iyo umuntu akeka ko igihanga cavunitse). Ntukigere uta umushatsi/urukoba rw’umutwe rwavunitse kandi ntukigere ushira umushatsi ku barafu ataco ufise canke ngo uwushire mu mazi; zingira urukoba rw’umutwe rwacitse mu mpuzu y’umunyu, urupfunge mu gafuko k’ipulasitike kadashobora guterwa n’amazi, hanyuma ushire uwo musaho mu gitereko c’urubura n’amazi kugira ngo wongere ushiremwo imitsi mitoyi.
6. Hamagara abajejwe ivy'ivyihutirwa kandi ushiremwo amakuru ya GPS canke ibimenyetso vy'inzira: Hamagara aho uba inomero z'ivyihutirwa (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 mu bihugu vyose vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, 999 mu Bwongereza). Mu bibanza bitari mu nzira, fungura ubusobanuro bwawe bwa telefone ngendanwa canke porogarama y’ikarata kugira ngo usome neza latitude na longitude yawe ku wugurungika, hanyuma urungike umuntu umwe hanze ku nzira y’amabarabara iri hafi cane kugira ngo ashire ibendera ry’abakozi ba ambulance canke helicopter.

Igiti c'ingingo y'ubuhinga bwo gutera ATV/UTV n'ivyihutirwa vy'umurongo wa go-kart¶

Koresha iki giti c’ingingo y’ibikorwa kugira ngo utore kandi ushireho ubwo nyene iyo umuntu ahindukiye mu nzira canke iyo umuvuduko w’umuduga uzunguruka.

flowchart TD
    Start["ATV, UTV, canke Impanuka y'Ikinyabiziga"] --> IncidentType{"1. Ni ubuhe buryo nyamukuru bukoreshwa?"}
    IncidentType -->|"A. Inyuma y'umugozi wa Go-Kart umushatsi canke impuzu zifatanya"| KillKart["1. Kubita moteri kwica umuyagankuba / gukurura ubugi bw'umuriro / gukanda umurongo w'uburenganzira E-stop<br/>2. Gushigikira umutwe n'umubiri w'uwagirizwa kugira ngo uburemere ntibukwegere ku mugongo w'inkondo y'umura"]
    KillKart --> AirwayCheck{"Mbega impuzu canke igitambaro co mu mutwe biraniga izosi?"}
    AirwayCheck -->|"Ego: Kuniha"| CutFabric["Shira umukemo w'amahembe apfutse munsi y'umukanda wo mw'izosi maze ukate igitambaro ubwo nyene; reba guhema maze utangure guhumeka nimba ataco ukora"]
    AirwayCheck -->|"Oya: Umushatsi/Urukoba rw'Umutwe"| ScalpCare["1. Shira umuvuduko ukomeye wo gupfuka amaraso ku mutwe uriko urasohoka amaraso<br/>2. Zingira urukoba rw'umutwe rwacitse mu mpuzu y'impuzu -> ushire mu musaho w'ipulasitike -> ushire ku mazi y'urubura kugira ngo ubazwe"]
    IncidentType -->|"B. ATV canke UTV zihindukira"| PinnedCheck{"Mbega uwo muntu yagirizwa yoba afashwe munsi y’imodoka?"}
    PinnedCheck -->|"Oya: Ijugunwe neza canke imbere mu kazu"| SpineCare["Zima umuriro, urabe ko amavuta atariko arasohoka ku mwuka ushushe, ushire umugongo wa C n’amaboko, ntukureho inkofero kiretse udahema"]
    PinnedCheck -->|"Ego: Igifu/Umubiri Ushizweko CANKE Ushizweko <iminota 15"| LiftFast["Hagurutsa igitanda ku muntu yagirizwa ubwo nyene (koresha abantu 3-4, igiti c’ivyuma, canke igiti c’ivyuma) hanyuma ushire igitanda munsi n’ibiti/ibitandara kugira ngo ntikigwe"]
    PinnedCheck -->|"Ego: Igihimba/Igihimba c'irondoka >15 gushika 60 mins (Guhema ni vyiza)"| CrushProtocol["Zima moteri, ugume witeguye kuzimya umuriro, uhagarike umugongo C, hamagara 911/112/999 kugira ngo ubone gusubirana amazi imbere y’uguterura (Crush Syndrome)"]

Igiharuro c'igereranyo: straddle ATV vs. ROPS UTV n'ibikomere vy'ibinyabuzima¶

Kubera ko imodoka zitwa straddle ATVs, caged UTVs, n’izindi zitwa go-karts zifise ubuhinga butandukanye cane, ibikorwa vy’ugurokoka abagendera ku modoka be n’uburyo bwo gutabara biratandukanye cane muri izo modoka zitatu.

Kwibira kure cane 1: Inyuma y'umugozi w'umuduga wa Go-kart gukura umushatsi no kuniga imyambaro¶

Buri mwaka, ibigo vy’ubuvuzi bw’abana n’ivy’ugusubira kwubaka bivura ibikomere bikomeye biva ku ma-kart, ama-mini-bike, n’ama-buggies agenda mu nzira aho umushatsi muremure w’umugendesha, igitambaro co mu mutwe, hijab, igitambaro co mu rushana, canke igitambaro co mu mutwe gikomeye cane bifatanya n’umuduga w’inyuma uzunguruka.

1. Fizike y'ubuhinga bw'umugozi w'umuvuduko w'amaguru 3.000 RPM¶

Ku binyabiziga vyose bibiri vy’inyuma vy’urugo ( bigenzurwa na ASTM F2011 ) be n’ibinyabiziga vy’ubudandaji ( bigenzurwa na ASTM F2007 ), moteri yicara inyuma y’intebe y’umushoferi canke iruhande y’itako ry’iburyo, igatanga ububasha biciye ku nzira ikomeye y’ugufatanya n’ibindi binyabiziga. guhindukiza 1.500 gushika ku 4.000 RPM (25 gushika ku 66 zuzuye buri segonda): - Igihuhusi kiri inyuma y’intebe: Uko go-kart igenda imbere ku bilometero 30 gushika kuri 50 kw’isaha (19 gushika kuri 31 miles kw’isaha), umuvuduko mutoyi w’umuyaga uri inyuma y’intebe y’umushoferi unyonka imizi y’amafarasi irekuye, imirongo y’amafarasi, n’impuzu zizunguruka zisubira inyuma zija ku nzira y’umuduga. - Igituma umushatsi udaca gusa: Umushatsi umwe w’umuntu uraca mu gihe c’inguvu zishika nka 50 gushika kuri 100 z’amagarama, ivyo bikaba bituma abagendera ku mafarasi biyumvira ko umurizo w’ifarashi uzoca gusa iyo ufashwe. Ariko rero, umurizo w’ifarashi urimwo ubwoya 50.000 gushika ku 100.000 bugobewe hamwe n’urusenga ruzunguruka, ugira umugozi ukomeye cane ushobora kwihanganira ama Newton arenga 4.000 gushika ku 8.000 (uburemere bw’amapawundi 900 gushika ku 1.800 kuruta igihanga c’umuntu), kure cane inkomezi z’umugongo w’inkondo y’umura w’abana. - Indege y’Igice c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Igihimba c’Ikigobe: Mu buryo bw’umubiri, urukoba rw’umuntu rugizwe n’ibice bitanu (S-C-A-L-P: Urukoba, Igihimba gifatanya, Aponeurosis/galea, Igihimba c’igihimba c’umubiri gipfutse, na Pericranium). Kubera ko igice ca kane (igihimba c’umubiri citwa areolar tissue) ari indege inyerera, imeze nk’urusenga rw’inzoka, mu gihe igice ca gatatu (galea aponeurotica) ari igipande gikomeye c’insinga gipfutse hejuru yose y’umutwe, gukwegwakwegwa cane ku murizo w’ifarashi bituma urukoba rwose rw’umutwe ruca mu mutwe, n’ugutabura kuva ku bipfunsi no ku bipfunsi vyo hejuru gushika ku mutwe gushika inyuma y’izosi, rimwe na rimwe bikajana n’ugutwi kumwe canke kwompi.

2. Intambwe ku yindi gukiza no kubungabunga urukoba rw'umutwe¶

Iyo umushatsi canke impuzu z’umuntu zifashe mu mugozi w’ibarabara canke mu mukanda wa moteri:

   [AVULSED SCALP MICROVASCULAR PRESERVATION ("BAG-IN-BAG" METHOD)]

   +---------------------------------------------------------------+
   |  OUTER CONTAINER: Cooler, bucket, or outer bag filled with    |
   |  a 50/50 slurry of CRUSHED ICE and COLD WATER (4°C / 39°F)    |
   |   +-------------------------------------------------------+   |
   |   |  INNER SEALED WATERPROOF PLASTIC BAG (Ziploc / Dry)   |   |
   |   |   +-----------------------------------------------+   |   |
   |   |   |  AVULSED SCALP TISSUE wrapped gently in       |   |   |
   |   |   |  sterile gauze moistened with normal saline   |   |   |
   |   |   |  (NEVER touch bare ice; NEVER soak in water)  |   |   |
   |   |   +-----------------------------------------------+   |   |
   |   +-------------------------------------------------------+   |
   +---------------------------------------------------------------+

1. Amasegonda 0 gushika kuri 5 (Kwica Moteri & Gukuraho Izosi):
2. Hit the concession track guhagarika moteri kure / E-stop canke ushikire inyuma y’intebe maze uhindure umuriro wo kwica moteri ushire kuri OFF (canke ukureho umugozi w’ibara ry’umuriro ku mutwe w’icyuma).
3. Shigikira umutwe w’uwagirizwa n’umubiri wo hejuru n’ibiganza vyose bibiri ubwo nyene kugira ngo izosi ryiwe ntirigobe canke ngo rimanikwe ku nzu y’umugozi.
4. Iyo igitambaro, umugozi, canke umugozi w’impuzu y’impuzu uzingiye mw’izosi, ukanyiganyiga inzira y’impwemu canke ukanyiganyiga imitsi y’umutwe, ushire umugozi w’umugozi w’umutwe upfutse munsi y’umugozi wo gupfuka uri ku ruhande rw’izosi maze uce ubwo nyene.
5. Isegonda 5 gushika kuri 30 (Gusuzuma amaraso ava mu mutwe no mu mutwe):
6. Nimba umushatsi uzitiye mu mugozi ariko urukoba rw’umutwe ruca rufatanye (canke rwacitse igice): Kata neza imirongo y’ubwoya hagati y’umutwe w’uwagirizwa n’umugozi w’icuma ukoresheje umukasi utyaye canke icumu mu gihe umurokozi wa kabiri afata umutwe w’uwagirizwa ataco akora cervine cervine yose.
7. Nimba urukoba rw’umutwe rwacitse igice canke rwose (rwacitse igihanga):
   • Ubanze ugenzure amaraso ashobora gutuma umuntu apfa: Imitsi y’igihe gito, y’inyuma n’iy’imbere y’umutwe ikikuje urubibi rw’umutwe irava amaraso menshi cane (kuva amaraso). Fuka igihimba c’umutwe kigaragara n’ibipande vy’impuzu vy’umunyu bitagiramwo ubumara (bitobeshejwe n’umunyu utagiramwo ubumara nimba biriho, canke igitambaro c’umye gisukuye) hanyuma ukoreshe umukazo ukomeye, mbere n’amaboko ku mpande z’ibikomere biva amaraso. Zingira umutwe umugozi w’umuvuduko w’umuvuduko mwiza.
   • Nimba urukoba rw’umutwe rufatanye n’igice c’ikiraro c’urukoba (pedicle): Ushire igipande mu kibanza caco gisanzwe hejuru y’igipande c’impuzu y’imbere y’umubiri utose ataco uhinduye canke ngo ugoramye ikiraro c’urukoba gisigaye gifatanye, hanyuma ugizingire gatoyi.
8. Iminota 1 gushika ku 5 (Uzigame Urukoba Rwacitse rwose kugira ngo Uzosubire Gutera):
9. Abaganga bo muri iki gihe bashobora gusubira gutera neza urukoba rwacitse rwose mu kudoda hamwe imitsi n’imitsi y’imbere n’inyuma y’umubiri ifise uburebure bwa milimetero 1, bagasubizaho ukura kw’ubwoya n’urukoba, **igihe cose iyo nyama iguma ikanye (ischemia time to **frozen not)1. (raba guca igihimba c'umubiri bibabaje: kuzigama urutoke, ukuboko n'amaguru):
10. Kura urukoba rw’umutwe rwavunitse ku nzira y’ibarabara ry’ibarabara (kata canke gufungura igikingirizo c’ibarabara canke gufungura umugozi wahagaze witonze utataburuye imirongo y’urukoba; ntugerageze NTUgerageze gukura amavuta canke gukura umushatsi aho hantu).
11. Ushobora gusukura neza umwanda mwinshi iyo gusa amazi y’umunyu atagiramwo ubumara canke amazi meza yo kunywa ari hafi (ntusukure munsi aho utugingo ngengabuzima dutoduto tw’amaraso twicara).
12. Zingira neza urukoba rw’umutwe mu gaze sterile itose n’umunyu sterile (canke igitambaro gisukuye gitose n’amazi yo mu cupa).
13. Ivyo bipfukisho bizingiwe mu mufuko w’impuzu wumye kandi udashobora guterwa n’amazi.
14. Uwo mufuko w’ipulasitike ukingiye uwushire mu gitereko ca kabiri canke umufuko wuzuye uruvange rw’urubura n’amazi akanye. Ntukigere ushira urukoba rw’umutwe rudafise ikintu ku bipande vy’urubura canke urubura rwumye, ivyo bikaba bikonja bigaturika imitsi y’amaraso mitoyi cane, bigatuma ushobora gusubira gutera mu mutwe bidashoboka.

Kwibira kure cane 2: ATV na UTV zihinduka fizike, guterura abakozweko, no gutoranya inkofero¶

Ivyo binyabiziga bita ATV n’ibinyabiziga bita UTV bigenda biva mu nzira bitera urupfu rw’abantu amajana n’amajana, n’ibihumbi mirongo vy’abantu bagashirwa mu bitaro kubera ibikomere bikomeye buri mwaka muri Amerika ya Ruguru, mu Buraya no muri Ostraliya.

1. Uko woterura ATV canke UTV yahindukiye ata nkomanzi ukayikura ku muntu ayigenderako¶

Iyo umugendesha afashwe munsi y’imodoka y’ibilo 350 (amapawundi 770) y’amaguru ane canke UTV y’ibilo 900 (amapawundi 2.000) iri iruhande n’uruhande: 1. Ubanze kwirinda umuriro: Igikoresho citwa ATV gihindukiye gisesa amavuta y’ibitoro mu gipfukisho c’itangi ry’amavuta canke mu gipfukisho c’amavuta ya carburateur mu gihe amavuta ya moteri atera mu mutwe w’igitoro. Hindukiza urufunguzo rw’umuriro ku OFF, uhindure switch y’ukwica umugozi ku OFF, kandi nimba imodoka ifise valve y’amavuta y’amavuta y’amaboko munsi y’itangi, uhindure OFF. Ntukigere ukoresha urubeya canke umwotsi hafi y’imashini yahindukiye. 2. Irinde umutego w'"Itonyanga rya Kabiri": Ikosa ribi kuruta ayandi yose abarorerezi bakora ni ugutuma abantu babiri bakora n'inkomezi zabo zose kugira ngo baterure uruhande rumwe rw'ikinyabiziga kiremereye kandi gifise ibitovu, mu kirere amasentimetero 30 (12 inches) mu kirere, gusa kugira ngo ukuboko kwabo guterere ku bikoresho vy'impuzu vy'inyuma vy'impuzu, to-5lam imbavu canke izosi ry’umuntu yavunitse. - Igihe cose Ushire hejuru ku Gicapo c’Ivyuma, Atari ku Bipande vy’Ipulasitike: Fata igipande c’icuma gikomeye c’imbere/inyuma, igipande c’ibirenge c’icuma, canke igipande c’ivyuma c’ibirenge. Ivyuma bikingira ivyondo vy’ipulasitike biratera canke bikapfukama iyo umuntu ariko araterura imizigo. - Kurikiza Itegeko ry'"Lift an Inch, Crib an Inch": Ushire umuntu umwe akazi kiwe konyene ari ugufata igiti kinini, ipine y'inyuma, urutare, canke igiti c'ibiti biteguye. Uko abaterura baduza igiti ku masentimetero 10 gushika ku 20, uwo munyagihugu aca ahita atera ico kintu gikomeye munsi y’igiti c’icuma canke c’ipikipiki kugira ngo iyo modoka ntisubire kugwa ku gikiriza c’uwuyigenderako (jack y'amazi yananiwe, jack ihagaze irasenyuka, kandi ifashe munsi y'ikinyabiziga). - Ntukigere Uzunguruka Imodoka Hejuru y’Uwagirizwa: Igihe uterera ATV ihindukiye hasi ku muntu ayigenderako, urabe neza iyo umugozi, ibirenge, n’amapine bizozunguruka kugira ngo uzungurutse imashini kure y’umubiri w’uwagirizwa aho gutwara umugozi ushika mu nda yabo.

2. Igihe co gusiga inkofero ya ATV yuzuye mu maso ON vs igihe co kuyikurako¶

Umugendesha avuye mu modoka yitwa ATV ku bilometero 50 kw’isaha (31 miles kw’isaha) ategerezwa kwama yiyumviriwe ko afise ukuvunika kw’umugongo w’intanga kudashikamye iruhande y’ubushobozi bwo gukomereka mu mutwe na amagufa avunitse n'ibikomere: - Siga inkofero ON iyo uwuyigenderako ariko arahumeka: Inkofero y’ipikipiki/ATV yuzuye mu maso ibereye neza ifata umutwe uhagaze neza. Gusa n’uhindure canke ukureho ingabo y’imbere y’ipulasitike igaragara (canke ukureho amataratara ya motocross) kugira ngo umugendesha ashobore guhema neza kandi ushobore kuraba akanwa kiwe n’izuru ryiwe, mu gihe upfukamye inyuma y’umutwe wiwe kandi ufashe neza impande zompi z’inkofero n’ibiganza vyawe kugira ngo ntunyiganyige izosi gushika abaganga bashitse. - Kuraho iyo nkofero GUSA iyo uwuyigenderako ATAHUMEKA, ariko araruha mu nkofero kandi ariko aranyiganyiga, canke afise umutima uhagaze bisaba CPR: - Gukuraho inkofero bisaba abarokozi babiri kugira ngo ntibapfuke izosi: - Umurokozi 1 apfukama hejuru y’umutwe w’uwapfuye agashira ibiganza vyose ku mpande z’inkofero intoke zifatanye urwaya rwo hasi rw’uwapfuye kugira ngo umutwe ugume mu murongo. - Umurokozi 2 aca canke akafungura umugozi wo ku kibuno, hanyuma akanyereza ukuboko kumwe inyuma y’ishingiro ry’igihanga/izosi ry’uwagirizwa, ukundi kuboko akagaca afata urwaya rwo hasi ku kibuno kugira ngo afate igikorwa co guhagarara neza kw’umugongo. - Umurokozi 1 akwegera hanze gatoyi ibipande vyo ku ruhande rw’inyuma vy’inkofero kugira ngo akureho amatwi, azunguza inkofero gatoyi kugira ngo inkofero irengere umugozi w’ikibuno urenga izuru, hanyuma akwegera inkofero agororotse mu gihe Umurokozi 2 abuza umutwe gutera inyuma pla cece a to3de fold inch y’uburebure munsi y’igihanga c’umuntu akuze amaze gukuraho inkofero nini cane kugira ngo izosi rigume ritagira aho ribogamiye).

3. Ihungabana ry'inyuma ry'inzira ryihishijwe: Igitigu/umutsi w'umugozi w'umugozi n'umugozi w'impuzu ukubitwa¶

Uburyo bubiri bwica bwo gukomerekera hanze y’inzira akenshi bugaragaza amaraso makeyi ava hanze mu minota 10 ya mbere: - Igitero c’Igikoresho c’Igikoresho (Igitero c’Igikoresho c’Igikoresho (Internal Hemorrage & Pancreatic/Liver Injury): Iyo ATV iteye igiti canke umugende wihishije, inda canke igifu c’uwuyigenderako kiratera imbere kikaja hagati y’igikoresho co gutwara canke c’inkingi y’imbere. Naho hoba hariho gusa akavunji gatoyi k’uruziga ku ruhu rw’inda, iyo nkuru irashobora guca umutsi w’umubiri, igitigu, amafyigo, canke igihimba c’umubiri citwa duodenum, bigatuma umuntu ava amaraso yo mu nda yica (guhungabana). Umugendesha uwo ari we wese afise ububabare bwo mu nda, ububabare bwo ku rutugu (ikimenyetso ca Kehr kiva ku maraso ababaza igihimba c’irondoka), gusinzira, canke urukoba rwo mu mutwe ruteye nk’uruziga inyuma yo gukubitwa n’umugozi, bisaba ko umuntu yihuta gukurwa mu kigo c’abakomeretse. - Imirongo / Intsinga "Imirongo y'Impuzu" Itera mu Izosi: Abagendera ku mafarasi bajabuka inzira batamenyereye canke mu mirima rimwe na rimwe baratera uruzitiro rw'intsinga rw'amabuye rudafise ikimenyetso, intsinga y'irembo ry'icuma, canke uruzitiro rurambuwe ku rugero rw'izosi. Mbere n’ugukubitwa n’umuvuduko muto imbere y’umuhogo birashobora guca umuhogo (agasanduku k’ijwi) canke umuhogo (umuhogo). Iyo umugendezi akubise mw’izosi afise ijwi ry’agahomerabunwa canke ry’agahomerabunwa, ijwi ry’ugusemerera/ugusemerera iyo ariko arahumeka (stridor), akorora amaraso, canke ibibumbano vy’umuyaga bitera munsi y’urukoba rw’izosi (emphysème subcutaneous), mugumye yicaye agororotse mu kibanza coroshe kuruta ibindi vyose kugira ngo ashobore guhema ubwo nyene, kuko ukuvyimba gushobora gufunga inzira y’impwemu burundu mu minota mikeyi.

Imbere yo gutwara ATV, UTV, na go-kart urutonde rw'umutekano¶

Imbere y’uko utangura gutwara imodoka iyo ari yo yose idakoreshwa mu nzira canke kwinjira mu modoka yitwa go-kart ku nzira y’imyidagaduro, suzuma neza izi nzitizi zitandatu zihambaye zo kwirinda:

• Ushire umushatsi 100 kw’ijana hejuru y’ibara ry’urukoba kandi ubuze ibitambaro vyose, imigozi, n’imigozi y’impuzu ku binyabiziga: Umuntu wese afise umushatsi ushika kure y’isonga ry’izosi ategerezwa kuwuboha canke kuwugobeka mu gipfukisho gikomeye gipfutse imbere mu nkofero canke gipfutse imbere cane mu mugongo w’ikoti. Ntukigere wambara igitambaro co mu mutwe, igitambaro co mu mutwe kidakomeye, igitambaro co mu mutwe, umugozi wo mw’izosi, canke ishati y’amasaho idapfutse ku kart canke ku nkweto ntoyi.
• Suzuma umugozi w’inyuma wa go-kart n’umurinzi wa moteri imbere yo kwicara: Raba neza inyuma y’intebe y’umushoferi. Genzura ko ikintu gikomeye, kitavunitse icuma c’amadegre 360 ​​canke ikintu kiremereye co gukingira gikingira neza umugozi w’inyuma, umugozi w’inyuma, umugozi, n’umugozi w’inyuma, kandi ko umugongo w’intebe ushika kure cane ku buryo ushobora gutuma umushatsi udashobora guhuha hejuru.
• Ambara inkofero yemejwe na DOT / ECE / Snell n’uburinzi bw’amaso ku rugendo rwose rwa ATV na UTV: Mbere no mu UTV ifise igitereko c’icuma, imitwe y’abagenderako irakubita mu ruhande mu bihimba vy’icuma bitagira ivyuma vy’i ROPS mu gihe umuntu ariko aratembagazwa canke ariko araguruka mu nzira y’amabuye. Ambara inkofero yemejwe n’amataratara adamenagurika igihe cose uriko uragenda.
• Gushira mu ngiro ubunini bwa moteri ya ATV bujanye n’imyaka n’abagenzi batagira abagenzi ku modoka zitwara umuntu umwe: ATV nyinshi zikoreshwa n’abantu bane zikoreshwa cane cane ku umuntu umwe gusa; gutwara umugenzi bihindura uburemere inyuma y’umugozi w’inyuma, bikaba bituma umuntu ahindukira inyuma ku misozi. Ntukigere ureka umwana atarashika ku myaka 16 akoresha ATV ingana n’iy’abantu bakuze (irenga 90cc).
• Funga imigozi ya UTV, ufunge insenga zo ku ruhande/inzugi, kandi wimenyereze "Grab Bar / Arms Crossed" rollover drill: Imbere yo kwimura UTV iri ku ruhande, suzuma ko umuntu wese ari muri yo afise umukanda, insenga z'idirisha ziciwe mu gikiriza, kandi umugenzi wese azi gufata imbere mu modoka yiwe canke afise ukuboko kwiwe ntiwigere ushika ku kuboko hanze y’akazu.
• Guma kure y’amabarabara ya bose ateye amabuye n’ama ATV agenda mu nzira kandi utware telefone ishaje ifise amakarata ya GPS atari ku murongo: Impanuka zirenga ica kabiri c’impanuka zose zitera abantu zitera amabuye zibera ku mabarabara ateye amabuye, aho amapine y’amabarabara afise umuvuduko mutoyi n’amapine y’inyuma akomeye afata amabuye y’agaciro mu gihe umuntu ariko arahindukira maze agahindura imodoka ikaja mu muduga.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Ni gute umushatsi ufatwa n’ibarabara ry’ibarabara, kandi ni ubufasha ubuhe bwiza bwo gufasha umuntu iyo urukoba rwiwe rwacitse?¶

Ku modoka nyinshi zitwa go-kart, moteri n’umugozi ukomeye w’inyuma bizunguruka ku nkuru 1.500 gushika ku 4.000 ku munota, inyuma y’aho umushoferi yicaye ari amasentimetero makeyi gusa. Imiyaga iri inyuma y’ico kibanza kigendagenda iranyonka imizi y’amafarasi, imisatsi y’amafarasi canke ibitambaro vy’ibara ry’agahama, ikabizunguruka mu gice c’isegonda gifise inguvu zingana n’ibihumbi vy’ama Newton. Ubwo nyene ushireko umuyagankuba wo kwica moteri canke guhagarara vyihutirwa, ushire umutwe w’uwagirizwa kugira ngo izosi ryiwe ntirikwegere, hanyuma uce igitambaro cose co kumunyiganyiga. Iyo urukoba rw’umutwe rwacitse canke rwacitse, kanda igitambaro gikomeye canke ibitambaro bisukuye ku gihanga kugira ngo uhagarike kuva amaraso menshi, hanyuma uzigame urukoba rwacitse mu kuzingira mu gipfukisho c’umunyu gipfutse imbere mu gafuko k’ipulasitike yumye, hanyuma ushire uwo gafu mu ndobo y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu. gusubira gutera mu kubagwa.

Ni kuki utokwigera ushikana ukuboko canke ikirenge kugira ngo wikingire igihe UTV iri iruhande n’iyindi iteye?¶

UTV iri iruhande n’iyindi ipima ibiro 700 gushika ku 1.100 (amapawundi 1.500 gushika ku 2.400), kandi igikoresho cayo c’icuma c’imirongo (ROPS) gikozwe kugira ngo gifate ingaruka zose z’isi mu gihe abayigenderamwo bafise umukanda baguma batekanye imbere mu karere k’ibarabara. Iyo umugendesha akoresheje ukuboko, ukuboko canke ukuguru hanze y’idirisha ryuguruye kugira ngo agerageze kwifata mu gihe ariko aratembagazwa, iyo nkoko y’icuma iratera hasi ku gice c’umubiri nk’igikoresho co gutera igiti, kigatuma umuntu akomereka cane canke akacirwako ibihimba vy’umubiri bibabaje. Imisi yose nugumye ufunga insenga z’amadirisha yo mu ruhande canke inzugi, wambare umukanda wo kwikingira, kandi ufate umuvuduko w’imodoka, umugozi wo gufata abagenzi canke igifu cawe bwite iyo imodoka iteye.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo guterura ATV yahindukiye ku muntu afise ivyuma bifatanye munsi?¶

Ubwa mbere, hindukiza urufunguzo rwo gucana umuriro n’umuriro wo kwica umugozi ku OFF kugira ngo amavuta ya peteroli avuza ntacana umuriro ku muyoboro w’umuriro ushushe. Nimba ATV iriko irakandagira ku gikiriza, ku nda canke ku ijosi ry’uwagirizwa, uyiterure ubwo nyene mu gufata igiti gikomeye c’icuma canke ibikoresho vy’ivyuma (ntiwigere bimenagurika) mu gihe uwuriko arayibona ariko aranyerera ibitandara, ibiti, canke umupira w’inyuma munsi y’ico giti uko uriko uraduza kugira ngo ntishobore gusubira inyuma ku giti c’icuma no guterera. Gutera canke guterura iyo mashini kure y’umubiri w’uwagirizwa mu gihe umutwe n’izosi vyiwe biguma bihagaze. Ariko rero, nimba UTV iremereye imaze iminota irenga 15 gushika ku 60 ifashe ukuguru canke igihimba c’irondoka gusa kandi uwo muntu ariko arahumeka neza, nuhuze n’abaganga kugira ngo umutima ntuhagarare.

Woba ukwiye gukurako inkofero y’umugendezi inyuma y’impanuka y’imodoka yihuta cane yitwa ATV?¶

Nimba uwo mugendesha yaguye ariko arahumekera wenyene, musigare iyo nkofero yuzuye mu maso ku mutwe kuko kugerageza gukuraho inkofero igumye wewe nyene bishobora gupfukama umugongo w’intanga wavunitse maze bikongera bikongera umutsi w’umugongo. Gusa n’uwufungure canke ukureho ingabo canke amataratara agaragara neza kugira ngo bashobore guhema neza, hanyuma bapfukame inyuma y’umutwe wabo bafashe impande zompi z’inkofero gushika abaganga bashitse. Kura gusa iyo nkofero iyo uwuyigenderako atariko arahumeka, ari mu mutima uhagaze bisaba ko akora CPR, canke ariko araruha cane mu nkofero maze akanyiganyiga, akoresheje abantu babiri kugira ngo umurokozi umwe ahagarike izosi n’urwaya ari munsi mu gihe uwundi ariko aragwira buhoro buhoro maze akayikurako.

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Komisiyo y’Umutekano w’Ibikoresho vy’Abaguzi bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (CPSC, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): *Raporo z’Umwaka z’Ivy’Imiduga n’Ibikomere vy’Imiduga Itari mu Nzira Nkuru (ATV na ROV/UTV) na Imburi z’Umutekano w’Imishatsi n’Impuzu za Go-Kart.
• ASTM International (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Itegeko ry’Itegeko ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu n’Itegeko ry’Itegeko ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu* n’Itegeko ry’Itegeko ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu*.
• Ishure ry’ubuvuzi bw’abana ryo muri Amerika (AAP) n’iry’abaganga bo muri Amerika (ACS) Komite y’ivy’ihungabana: Ingingo ngenderwako zo gukuraho inkofero ya ATLS, Amajambo yerekeye politike y’ihungabana ry’abana ATV, n’Imirongo ngenderwako yo gukingira indwara y’umutwe y’imitsi mitoyi.
• Ishirahamwe ry’ubuzima n’umutekano (HSE, Ubwongereza): Gukoresha neza imodoka zigenda mu bibanza vyose (ATVs) mu buhinzi n’amashamba (AIS33 Inyigisho z’umutekano wo gutera n’ugutemba).
• Ishirahamwe ry’Ibinyabiziga vy’Imyidagaduro (ROHVA) n’Ikigo c’Umutekano w’Ibinyabiziga vy’Ibinyabiziga (ASI): Ingingo ngenderwako zo kugumya abagendera mu binyabiziga vya ROPS, Amategeko agenga ivy’ugukingira imodoka ku ruhande, n’ubuhinga bwo gutwara imodoka zikora neza.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Guca igihimba c'umubiri bibabaje: kuzigama urutoke, ukuboko n'amaguru
• Igikomerekezo co gujanjagurwa n'indwara y'ibice
• Ibikomere vyo mu mugongo: guhagarara no kwitaho
• Pariki y'imyidagaduro n'ivyihutirwa
• Impanuka z'amagare n'amapikipiki
• Ububiko bw'inomero z'ivyihutirwa