Igikombe c'amazi gikonje, umurongo w'isoko ry'uburemere bw'ikirere, n'ugutabara kw'itangi ryasenyutse¶

Ku mihana iri kure, ku nzu zo mu misozi, ku nzu ntoyi be no ku makambi atari mu nzira y’amazi, iyo amazi apfuye mu rushana ni ingorane ihita ihagarika ivyo kunywa, isuku, kuvomera amatungo be n’ugushushanya amazi. Mu buryo butandukanye n’amazi y’ibisagara akoreshwa n’inguvu zigera kuri kilopascal 400 (amapawundi 60 ku nkuru y’uruzitiro), amazi atari mu nzira y’amazi akoreshwa n’inguvu zikomeye ziva ku masoko yo ku misozi, amapompa akoreshwa n’izuba afise amavolte 12 canke 24, be n’amapompo akoreshwa n’izuba afise amavolte 12 canke 24. Ivyombo vy’amalita 1.000 (amagaloni 275) vy’ibikoresho vy’imbere mu nzu (IBC). Iyo ubushuhe buri munsi ya zero buteye, ibintu bitatu bitandukanye bibaho icarimwe: ubukonje burafunga umwuka wo hejuru w’ikidengeri c’ububiko kugira ngo pompe iyonke inkuta z’itangi imbere mu gitereko c’amazi, ibibumbano vy’umuyaga bivanze bikoranira hamwe ahantu h’uburebure bwa metero 500 (1,640). n’aho ata barafu iri mu murongo, canke urubura rwinjira mu gitanda c’amabuye y’agaciro gikikuje igikoresho co gutera amazi mu rugo.

Kugerageza gukuraho ikinogo c’amazi gikonje canke umuyoboro w’amazi y’amazi yahambwe ukoresheje itara ry’ivyatsi bibi ryitwa propane ryuguruye, biratuma uruhome rw’ipulasitike rushonga, bikahumanya amazi yo kunywa n’ibinyabuzima bita peteroli, canke bikavyura umuriro w’inyubako imbere mu nzu y’ipompa ikingiye. Iyo umuntu afise ububabare bukomeye bw’ubushuhe, akomereka mu kwibizwa mu mazi akanye, canke akagira ubumara bw’umuyagankuba buterwa n’ugukoresha ipompo y’amazi y’amavuta canke umuyagankuba uri mu mwobo w’iriba canke mu nzu yo munsi y’ubutaka yugarijwe, hamagara inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere iwanyu (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 mu bihugu vyose vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburaya, 999 mu Bwongereza) canke urabe ivyacu . inomero z'ivyihutirwa ububiko. Ku bijanye n’ivyihutirwa vy’ibikorwa remezo vy’urushana, raba izuba, amazi n'imyanda bitagira uruzitiro, gukora ifumbire y'imboga, amazi y'imvura yanduye, n'amazi y'imvi agakonja, na imiyoboro yakonje.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Zima pompe yawe y’amazi 12V/24V/120V ubwo nyene iyo wumvise ipompo iriko irakora, iyo umuvuduko w’amazi ugabanutse, canke iyo wumvise ijwi ry’ijwi rirenga rivuye mu gitereko cawe canke mu gitereko cawe ca IBC. Ijwi ry’ijwi rirenga rivuye mu gitereko cawe ca polyethylene canke mu gitereko ca IBC bisigura ko ijwi ry’imbere ry’umuyaga pompe y’amazi iriko irakwega ubusa bwo mu kirere imbere mu gitereko gipfutse, iyonka inkuta z’amapulasitike imbere mu gusenyuka kw’inyubako.
2. Kura igipfukisho co gusuzuma co hejuru c’amasentimetero 15 (6-inch) ku gipfukisho cawe ca IBC canke ku gitereko cawe ca poly n’imirongo ibiri kugira ngo uce ubusa ubwo nyene. Imbere yo gukura amazi canke gukura amazi mu gitereko, ushire umwuka hejuru y’igitereko kugira ngo ushire umuvuduko w’ikirere mu gipfukisho c’urubura.
3. Ntukigere uduga imbere mu iriba, mu mwobo w’iriba, canke mu nzu y’amazi yo munsi y’ubutaka kugira ngo uce urubura canke ngo ukoreshe ipompo y’amazi yo munsi y’ubutaka. Ibinogo vy’amazi vyo munsi y’ubutaka n’ibidengeri vy’ubusa bikora nk’imitego y’umwuka w’ikirere, kandi gukoresha moteri ntoyi y’amazi y’ikirere canke igikoresho co gushushanya c’amazi gifise umwuka w’ikirere mu iriba let0dehal fills the carbon.
4. Nimba umurongo w’amazi y’umusozi ugaburirwa n’uburemere bw’isi ugenda buhoro canke ugahagarika gutemba inyuma y’aho isandugu y’amazi y’amazi igereye hasi mu gihe gito, naho umuyoboro utakonje, menya ko hariho High-Point Airlock. Igitutu kimwe c’umuyaga gifise umutwe w’amazi ugenda hejuru canke mu gipfukisho c’umuyaga gifise umuvuduko muto nk’umuyoboro w’amazi ufise umuvuduko mutoyi umukazo ntushobora gusunika urenga.
5. **Nimba amazi ahagaritse gusohoka mu gitereko cawe co gusohora amazi, suzuma nimba ufise "Top Ice Cap" vs. 90 kw’ijana vy’igihe mu gikapu ca IBC, litiro 800 z’amazi ari mu mazi zica munsi y’urubura rwo hejuru rw’amasentimetero 10 (inci 4) mu gihe gusa umupira w’umupira w’ipulasitike w’amasentimetero 50 (inch 2) uri ahabona uri mu mfuruka yo hasi ari wo ukomeye cane.
6. Ntukigere ukubita igikoresho c’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (PE/PEX) bikonje n’inyondo canke n’urufunguzo. Munsi y’ubushuhe bwa degre -10 (degre 14 Fahrenheit), ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (IBC) bica bimenagurika nk’ibirahuri. Gukoresha inguvu umugozi w’amazi w’ipulasitike ukonjeje bica bica igiti c’amazi kigaca kijugunya litiro 1.000 zose z’amazi iyo zishonze.

Igiti c'ingingo: Gupima amazi y'urushana atari ku ruzitiro¶

flowchart TD
    A["Nta mazi atemba mu nzu canke mu nzu itari mu rushana"] --> B{"Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gutanga amazi ukoresha?"}
    B -->|"IBC Tote canke Poly Cistern + Ipompa y'Ibisabwa"| C{"Mbega iyo Pompe irakora, canke iyo Cisterne iriko iravuga amajwi akomeye y’uguturika?"}
    C -->|"Ego: Inkuta z’ibidengeri ziyonka imbere canke zitera"| D["HAGANIKA IPOMPE UBWO nyene: Igikoresho co guhumeka gikanye Implosion y'ubusa"]
    D --> E["Gufungura igipfukisho co hejuru c’amasentimetero 15 (6 in) buhoro buhoro kugira ngo umuvuduko w’umuyaga ungana; gukuraho igicapo c’ibikoko vyakonje; n'amazi asusurutse"]
    C -->|"Ipompa irakora yumutse / Nta mazi ava hasi mu gitereko"| F["Igikoresho co hasi canke umurongo wo kunyonga warakonje"]
    F --> G["Zingira umupfunda wo hasi mu bitambaro vy’amazi ashushe (NTA n’itara ryuguruye) CANKE ushire hasi ipompo y’amazi y’amashanyarazi 12V biciye ku gipfukisho co hejuru munsi y’igice c’urubura"]
    B -->|"Umurongo w'impeshi wo ku musozi ugaburirwa n'inguvu zikwegera hasi"| H{"Amazi yoba aseseka mu buryo busanzwe ku gasandugu k’isoko kari ku musozi?"}
    H -->|"Ego: Agasanduku k'impeshi kuzuye, 0 atemba ku nzu"| I{"Mbega Spring Box yoba iherutse kugwa munsi y’igikoresho co gusesa amazi, canke umurongo wari waravuyemwo amazi?"}
    I -->|"Ego: Umuyaga winjiye mu muyoboro"| J["Igipfukisho c'umuyaga c'agaciro kanini mu muyoboro w'uburemere: Gusukura umuyaga biciye ku pompe y'inyuma, kugenda mu misozi, canke gusohoka amaraso ku murongo munini"]
    I -->|"Oya: Ubukonje buri munsi ya zero ku nzira y'igitutu canke kujabuka umugezi"| K["Ibarafu ry'umuyoboro wa Polyethylene: Gaburira umuyoboro w'amazi w'iminota 6 (1/4 in) n'amazi ashushe y'umunyu ava ku mpera y'umusozi"]
    B -->|"Igikoresho co mu rugo kitagira ubukonje"| L["Riser Pipe Frozen Hejuru y’Ikinogo co Kurira: Fukura umutwe wo hejuru + inkoni y’umuringa n’ibitambaro vy’amazi ashushe; Ntukigere usiga umuyoboro w'amazi ufatanye"]

Ivyabaye 1: Gukiza igikapu ca IBC canke ikinogo ca polyethylene cakonje canke cari mu mwuka¶

Waba ubika amazi mu gitereko c’amazi cera c’amalita 1.000 (amagaloni 275) gifise akazu IBC tote, mu gitereko c’icatsi kibisi gihagaze igitereko c’amazi c’amalita 1.500 gushika ku 10.000 c’uburemere bwinshi (HDPE, canke mu gitereko c’amazi gihambwe, igihe c’imbeho gishobora gukonja cane

1. Gupima aho IBC tote canke poly cistern ibanza gukonja¶

Kubera ko amazi ari mu mazi ashika ku uburemere bwayo burengeye ubundi bwose ku bushuhe bwa +4,0 degrees Celsius (+39,2 degrees Fahrenheit), amazi akanye cane ku bushuhe bwa 0°C (32°F) arareremba aja ku ruhande rwo hejuru maze agakonja agacika igice co hejuru c’urubura gikingira umuriro mu gihe amazi y’amazi aguma ku bushuhe bwa +4°C Ariko rero, uturongo tune dushobora gushikirwa n’ingorane turakonja kera cane imbere y’uko amazi nyamukuru ashika:

2. Uko wokura amazi iyo umupfunda wo hasi wa IBC ukonjesheje ("Ikibanza co hejuru co guca mu mazi co kwinjira mu mazi")¶

Nimba hanze hari -20 degrees Celsius (-4 degrees Fahrenheit) kandi umupfunda wo hasi w’amazi ufise uburebure bwa milimetero 50 (inci 2) ku gipfukisho cawe ca IBC canke mu gitereko cawe ukaba warakonje cane, ntumare amasaha menshi usuka amakete y’amazi ashushe ku mupfunda wo hanze udafise insulation uzosubira gukonjesha. Kanda ku mazi +4°C yicaye munsi y’urubura rwo hejuru biciye ku igipfukisho co hejuru c’amasentimetero 15 (6-inch):

1. Kura igipfukisho co hagati c’amasentimetero 15 kiri hejuru y’igikapu canke ikinogo ca IBC.
2. Fungura canke ucukure umwobo w’amasentimetero 5 (2-inch) mu gice co hejuru c’urubura: Ntukigere umenagura urubura rwo hejuru n’icuma kiremereye co kwimba canke isōko, kuko igikoresho co gucukura gishobora gutera neza neza hasi mu gitereko c’ivyuma vy’ipolyethylene bishobora gusenyuka. Ahubwo, shira igikombe c’isupu c’icuma canke inkono y’umuringa ndende yuzuye amazi y’umunyu ashushe hejuru y’igice c’urubura (canke ukoreshe igikoresho co gutera ivyatsi c’amaboko) kugira ngo ukore umwobo uhagaze usukuye mu mazi ari munsi.
3. Gutera 12V "Whale" Pompe canke Siphon Hose biciye mu mwobo wo hejuru: Gutera $20 12-volt ishobora kwibira mu murongo wa camper/bilge pompe (canke uburemere bw'ikirenge-valve y'ipompo yawe y'ibisabwa) ifatanye n'ipompo y'imilimetero 13 ishobora guhinduka (½- iruhukira ku masentimetero 10 hejuru y’ivu ry’itangi. Pompa amazi ya litiro 20 gushika kuri 40 mu bikoresho vyo mu nzu igihe cose, hanyuma ubwo nyene ushire iyo hose mu gitereko maze uyikuremwo ubusa inyuma y’ikiganiro cose.

3. Uko wosohora igikombe c’amazi c’ipolyethylene canke IBC tote ata nkomanzi¶

Niba umwuka wawe wo guhumeka wafunze maze ipompo yawe y’ugusaba iyonka inkuta canke igisenge c’itangi ryawe rya HDPE canke IBC tote imbere mu mfuruka ndende:

• NTUgerageze gusubira hanze inkuta z’itangi mu gihe ipulasitike iri munsi ya zero: Polyethylene y’uburemere bwinshi irakomeye kandi irashobora gusaduka iyo ipfutse ku -15°C (5°F).
• Uringanize ubusa maze usuzume ko ata mivyimba iriho: Fungurira neza igipfukisho co hejuru maze usuzume imivyimba y’imbere hafi y’ibitugu vyo hejuru n’ivyo hasi bifatanye n’igipfukisho c’ibarabara ukoresheje itara.
• Susha plastique yapfutse maze ukoreshe uburemere bw’amazi (ATARI umwuka upfutse): Ntukigere ufata umuyaga upfutse ku gitereko c’amazi c’ipulasitike gipfutse canke IBC tote kugira ngo ufuhe inkuta zipfutse zisubire hanze; ibidengeri vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Rindira izuba ryinshi ku muhingamo (canke usuke amazi asusurutse ku bipfukisho vy’inyuma vyinjijwe) gushika iyo polyethylene isusurutse hejuru ya +10°C (50°F), hanyuma wuzuze itangi amazi gushika ku bushobozi 100 kw’ijana mu gihe igipfukisho co hejuru kigutse. Uburemere bw’amazi buva hanze buzosunika ibihengeri vy’ubusa vy’imbere bisubire mu buryo.

Ivyabaye 2: Gusukura igipfukisho c'umuyaga gifise uburebure bwa metero 500 gikoreshwa n'uburemere bw'isi¶

Amasoko y’amazi akoreshwa n’uburemere bw’isi akorakoranya amazi mu gasandugu k’amasoko k’umusozi, akayamanukana mu muyoboro w’amazi ufise uburebure bwa milimetero 20 gushika kuri milimetero 32 (¾-inch gushika kuri 1,25-inch) w’umukara w’uburemere bwinshi (HDPE) gushika kuri metero1300. 3.300) gushika mu nzu y’indege. Mu kanya nk’ako gukubita, inyuma yo gusukura isandugu y’amazi, inyuma y’aho urugero rw’amazi rugabanutse gatoyi munsi y’igikoresho co gusesa amazi, canke inyuma yo gusanura igikoresho co gufatanya, amazi arahagarika gutemba ku nzu y’indege, naho nyene isandugu y’amazi iri hejuru y’umusozi isesekara amazi y’amazi kandi umuyoboro ukaba utakonje. Ufise Igipfukisho c'Ikirere c'Ikibanza Gikomeye c'Umurongo w'Ivy'Isi.

1. Fizike y’igituma umuyoboro w’uburemere bw’isi w’amametero 500 uhagarara¶

flowchart TD
    A["Igikapu c'Impeshi co kuduga, ntaco kigenda ku nzu yo kumanuka"] --> B["Igituma bishika: Umuyoboro ukurikira ahantu hari imipfunda n’Ibibanza vy’Imipfunda (Ibibanza vy’Imipfunda)"]
    B --> C["Ivyumba vy'umuyaga biraduga bikaja hejuru y'igipfukisho cose kiri mu muyoboro"]
    C --> D["Buri mufuko w’umuyaga ufunzwe utuma amazi amanuka mu kuguru kuduga kugira ngo ashobore guhangana n’amazi yo mu kuguru kumanuka ."]
    D --> E["Imifuko myinshi y'umuyaga mu rutonde yongerako hamwe: Umuyaga wose wo mu nyuma >= Igitero c'umutwe c'uburemere"]
    E --> F{"Hitamwo uburyo bwo gusukura umuyagankuba wo mu murima (Nta muyagankuba usabwa)"}
    F -->|"Uburyo bwa 1: Ubutaka bushobora guterura umuyoboro"| G["Kugenda uvuye mu gasandugu k'impeshi uja mu nzu y'indege uterura umuyoboro ukuboko ku kuboko kugira ngo wirukire umuyaga hanze"]
    F -->|"Uburyo bwa 2: Umuyoboro uhambwa canke ntunyiganyiga"| H["Inyuma-Gutera umukazo kuva ku mpera y’ibarabara ry’umusozi ukoresheje Pompe ya 12V canke Pompe y’Iminwe kugira ngo usunike umuyaga hanze y’Isandugu y’Impeshi"]
    F -->|"Uburyo bwa 3: Gukosora ubuhinga buhoraho"| I["Kata umuyoboro ku mpera y'umusozi wo hagati maze ushiremwo Tee fitting + Bleed Valve ihagaze"]

• Twibaze ko isandugu yawe y’amapfundo yicaye metero 12 (amafuti 40) hejuru mu burebure kuruta inzu yawe, itanga umuvuduko w’umutwe w’uburemere bw’isi 118 kilopascals (17 PSI) gusa, canke gusa metero 3 (amafuti 10) y’umutwe (4.3 PSI) mu bibanza vy’uburebure buke.
• Kubera ko uwo muyoboro w’ibara ryirabura ryitwa polyethylene uzunguruka hejuru y’ibiti, amabuye, ku nkengera z’imigezi, no ku binogo bitobito, urimwo amajana n’amajana y’ibibanza vy’agaciro vy’aho hantu (ibibanza vy’ugutera hejuru)** bikurikirwa n’ibibanza vy’ugushika hasi.
• Iyo umuyaga winjiye mu nzira y’amazi ku gasandugu k’isoko, ubushobozi bwo kureremba buratuma igitutu c’umuyaga kireremba kiduga kigatera amazi atemba aja hasi, kikawufata ku mutwe w’igitutu maze kigakura amazi mu kuguru gutemba hasi. Iyo ufise ibipfunsi bine bitandukanye vy’uburebure bwa metero 1 (amafuti 3,3) bihagaze ku muyoboro w’uburebure bwa metero 500, kandi igipfukisho kimwekimwe cose kigafata inkingi y’umuyaga y’uburebure bwa metero 1 mu kuguru kwaco kumanuka, ivyo bipfukisho bine vy’umuyaga bikuramwo metero 4 zuzuye (amafuti 13,1) z’uburemere bw’uburemere bw’isi. Igihe cose uburebure bw’imifuko y’umuyaga ihagaze bungana canke burenze igitigiri c’uburebure buva ku gasandugu k’amazi gushika ku gipfukisho ca mbere, uruzi rugabanuka rukagera kuri litiro 0,0 ku munota.

2. Uburyo bune bwo gusukura umurongo w'impuzu y'isi¶

• Uburyo bwa mbere: "Kugenda n'umuyoboro" uvuye mu gasandugu k'impeshi umanuka (Ku muyoboro wa Poly ushizwe hejuru):
• Ubanze ugende ku Spring Box maze usuzume ko igikoresho co gusesa amazi kiri mu mazi nibura sentimetero 15 (inci 6) munsi y’amazi kugira ngo umuvuduko wo ku ruhande ntushobore kunyonga ibibumbano vy’umuyaga mu muyoboro.
• Ugurure umupfunda wo gusohora amazi uri hasi y’umusozi 100 kw’ijana ufungure cane.
• Guhera ku gasandugu k’amazi, fata umuyoboro wa polyethylene uwuduze gushika ku rutugu, ugende buhoro buhoro umanuka werekeza mu nzu y’indege ukuboko ku kuboko. Guterura igihe cose umuntu yibika bituma imifuko y’umuyaga ifunzwe irenga ivyuma gushika aho umuyaga utera ijwi rirenga usohoka ku mpera y’inyuma ku nzu y’indege.
• Uburyo bwa 2: Gusubira inyuma-Gupompa Inyuma ("Gusunika Igihu Uduga"):
• Kubera ko ubushobozi bwo kureremba bureremba ibibumbano vy’umuyaga biduga, biroroshe cane gusunika igipfukisho c’umuyaga inyuma kiduga kikava mu gasandugu k’amapfundo kuruta kugihatira kumanuka.
• Ku mpera y’ibarabara, ushiremwo ipompo y’amazi y’amavolte 12 (ikoreshwa na bateri y’ibikoresho itagira umugozi canke bateri y’imodoka) canke ipompa y’amazi y’amaboko ivuye mu ndobo y’amazi meza y’amalita 20 (amagaloni 5) mu mpera y’ibarabara y’umuyoboro w’amazi. Pompa amazi inyuma uja hejuru mu minota 10 gushika kuri 15 gushika imifuko yose y’umuyaga ifashwe ivuye mu gitereko c’amazi kiri imbere mu gasandugu k’amazi, hanyuma uce uyikuramwo pompe maze ufungure umupfunda wo mu nzu.
• Uburyo bwa 3: "Ugukurura Siphon y'Ubusa" (Ukoresheje Itonyanga Rikomeye ku Mpera y'Ikabine):
• Niba umurongo wawe w’amazi ugenda hafi y’aho uhagaze ku musozi ku metero 300 (aho airlock yicara) hanyuma ukamanuka cane ku musozi ku metero 100 za nyuma uja mu nzu yawe, funga umupfundikizo wo hasi wo mu nzu yawe, ushire umuyoboro ku musozi aho ugutemba kw’umusozi gutangura kugera ku metero 100, wuzuze umusozi wo kumanuka u0. indobo, wongere ushire hamwe neza iyo coupling, hanyuma ufungure valve yo hasi y’ibarabara. Inkingi y’amazi yinjira mu kirenge co hasi giteye igomwe ikwegera -70 kilopascals (-10 PSI) y’ugunyota inyuma yayo, igakwega umufuko w’umuyaga hejuru y’ibitandara vy’imisozi.
• Uburyo bwa 4: Gukata Isonga ry'Igipfunsi (Igipfukisho c'Amaraso c'Igipfukisho c'Igipfukisho"):
• Niba umuyoboro wawe uhambwe kandi ujabuka umurongo wo hagati aho umuyoboro w’umuyaga ukora buri rushana, genda uja ku aho iyo nzira y’uburebure buri hejuru cane, uce umuyoboro wa polyethylene, ushiremwo igikoresho co gutera amabuye y’agaciro gifise ibipfukisho bibiri vy’umuyoboro w’ivyuma bitagira ibara, hanyuma ushireko umuyoboro w’umuringa wo ku ruhande rw’umuyoboro w’umupira w’umuringa. Gusambura iyo valve yo hejuru y’umusozi bituma umuyaga ufunzwe usohoka mu masegonda 30 gushika amazi akomeye atemba.

Ivyabaye 3: Gufukura umuyoboro wahambwe ukanye canke umuyoboro wo mu rugo udafise ubukonje ata muyagankuba¶

Iyo igipfukisho c’urubura giteye imbere mu murongo w’amazi y’amazi ya polyethylene yahambwe (mu bisanzwe aho umuyoboro unyura mu nzira y’amabuye y’agaciro canke ukajabuka igitanda c’umugezi kigaragara) canke imbere mu igikoresho co gutera amazi mu rugo kitagira urubura:

1. Kubera iki igikoresho co mu rugo kitagira ubukonje gikonja (n’ingene wogifukura mu minota 10)¶

Igikoresho co gukura amazi mu rugo kitagira ubukonje (nk’umuyoboro wa Simmons, Merrill, canke Woodford) gifise umupfunda waco nyawo wo gufunga amazi w’umuringa uri metero 1 gushika ku 1,8 (amafuti 3 gushika ku 6) munsi y’ubutaka munsi y’umurongo w’ubukonje. Iyo usunikiye igikoresho co hejuru c’icuma kija hasi gushika ku . OFF, igikoresho co hasi kirafunga umuyoboro w’amazi maze kigafungura akabombo gatoyi k’amazi yo munsi y’ubutaka, kigatuma amazi yose ahagaze imbere mu muyoboro w’amazi uhagaze uhagaze akaja mu gitanda c’amabuye kiri munsi y’ubutaka kugira ngo umuyoboro w’amazi uhagarare ubusa.

Iyo hydrant yawe idafise ubukonje ikonje cane mu gitondo, rimwe mu makosa abiri ryabaye:

1. Ikosa A: Hari umuntu yasigaye umuyoboro w’amazi wo mw’itongo (canke Y-splitter / nozzle) ushizwe ku nzira y’amazi ijoro ryose.
2. Igituma ikonja: Iyo umuyoboro w’amazi ufunze canke umuyoboro w’amazi upfutse n’urubura ufatanye n’umuyoboro, umuyaga ntushobora kwinjira hejuru y’umuyoboro w’amazi iyo ufunze igikoresho. Nka kurya nyene ufashe urutoke rwawe hejuru y’umukenke wo kunywa, ubusa bwo mu kirere bufata inkingi y’amazi imanitswe hejuru y’umuyoboro w’amazi aduga, aho ikonja ikomeye ijoro ryose.

3. Ikosa B: Ico kinogo c’amabuye y’agaciro kiri munsi y’ubutaka kirazibiye canke cuzuye amazi menshi yo munsi y’ubutaka.

4. Uko wofukura neza igikoresho co gufukura amazi atagira ubukonje:

5. Ubwo nyene ufungure umuyoboro wose ufatanye.
6. Hagurutsa igikoresho hejuru na sentimetero 1: iyo igikoresho kigendagenda gatoyi kandi inkoni y’icuma yo mu mutima igenda, umupfunda w’umuringa wo munsi y’ubutaka uri hasi nti ukonjeje - gusa sentimetero 30 zo hejuru (inci 12) z’umuyoboro w’amazi uhagaze hejuru y’ubutaka ni wo ufise igipfukisho c’urubura.
7. Igipfukisho c’amazi ashushe: Zingira umutwe w’icuma n’isonga ry’amasentimetero 45 (inci 18) ry’umuyoboro w’amazi ugaragara mu gipfukisho co kwogeramwo gikomeye, usuke buhoro buhoro ibibindi bibiri vy’amalita 2 vy’amazi ashushe hejuru y’igipfukisho, hanyuma uzingire igipfukisho c’umukara in. Mu minota 5 gushika ku 8, iyo tiyo y’icuma irajana ubushuhe bumanuka mu gipfukisho c’urubura, maze umukazo w’amazi uva munsi ugatera iyo nzira y’urubura gushika aho isohoka.
8. Imburi y’Itara rya Propane: Mu gihe abarimyi benshi bazunguza itara rya propane mu ntoke ku muyoboro w’ivyuma vy’ivyuma** (ntiwigere ukoresha ipulasitike), ntiwigere ushushanya cane umutwe w’icuma (ico kivyura ivyuma vy’imbere vy’impuzu) kandi **ntiwigere ukoresha itara ry’ibiti,

2. Uburyo bwa "¼-Inch Hydro-Jetter Tube + Amazi Ashushe y'Umunyu" ku mirongo miremire y'amazi¶

Bimeze gute iyo umuyoboro w’ivyuma vyirabura vy’imilimetero 25 (inci 1) ushizwe mu mfuruka zikomeye zikomeye ku metero 6 (amafuti 20) imbere mu mwobo udashobora gushikwako canke mu mugende wo munsi y’ubutaka? Gushusha hanze y’ubutaka ntibishoboka, kandi gusuka amazi ashushe mu mpera y’umuyoboro yuguruye birananirwa kubera ko ayo mazi ashushe yicara gusa hejuru y’amazi akanye asanzwe afashe imbere y’igipfukisho c’urubura.

Utegerezwa gutanga amazi y’umunyu ahiye ushitse ku maso y’igipfukisho c’urubura ukoresheje umurongo w’imbere mutoyi:

1. Gura canke ukize uruzitiro rw’amametero 15 (amafuti 50) rw’uruzitiro rukomeye rufise uburebure bwa milimetero 6 (¼-inch) rw’umurongo w’inyuma w’uruzitiro rwa polyethylene (canke uruzitiro rw’imilimetero 8 / 5/16 rw’uruzitiro rw’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma).
2. Kuva ku muyoboro w’amazi wa milimetero 25 (inci 1) wakonje ku nzira iri hafi y’ugumanuka canke ku nzira y’ibarabara, hanyuma ushire umuyoboro mutoyi w’imilimetero 6 hejuru imbere mu muyoboro munini gushika ushitse ku ruhande rukomeye rw’igipfukisho c’urubura.
3. Ushire amagarama 250 (agakombe 1) y’umunyu wo ku meza (sodium chloride) mu nkono y’amalita 4 (galoni 1) y’amazi ashushe** (umunyu ushushe ushongera urubura incuro zibiri kuruta amazi ashushe asanzwe kandi ugatuma urugero rwo gusubira gukonja rushika kuri -15°C).
4. Koresha ipompa y’amaboko y’agaciro gatoyi y’amadolari 10, ipompa y’imiti y’ibikoko yo mw’itongo (iyipfutse umutwe w’imiti ikuweho), canke ipompo y’uguhindura 12V (canke umurongo w’amazi ufise uburebure bwa metero 2) kugira ngo upompe amazi ashushe y’umunyu biciye mu nzira y’amazi y’imilimetero 6.
5. Uko bikora: Amazi y’umunyu ashushe arasa umutwe w’uruzitiro rworoshe rw’imilimetero 6 rwo ku ruhande rw’imbere rw’igipfukisho c’urubura, urashonga urubura, maze urubura rushonze rukanye rukagenda rusubira inyuma rusohoka mu kinogo c’uruzitiro hagati y’uruzitiro rw’imilimetero 6 n’uruzitiro rw’imilimetero 25 at yourt. Uko urubura rugenda ruranyonga, guma usunika iyo nzira y’iminota 6 imbere sentimetero ku sentimetero (inyonga ku rugero rwo hafi sentimetero 30 / ikirenge 1 buri minota 2) gushika uteye igipfunsi mu gipfukisho c’urubura maze amazi y’isoko agasohoka yihuta.

Inomero z'ivyihutirwa zo mu karere n'amategeko y'ibigo¶

Iyo amazi atari mu nzira y’amazi akonjeje atuma haba ivyihutirwa vy’umwuzure, akaga k’ahantu hazitiye, canke amazi yo kunywa akabura, koresha iyi nzira yo mu karere:

• Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada:
• Ubuzima-Umutekano, Gukiza-Ikinogo c'Ikibanza, canke Hypothermia: Hamagara 911.
• Impanuro zo gutwara amazi yo kunywa n’amazi yo mu misozi y’ivyihutirwa: Raba U.S. Ikigo kijejwe gukingira ibidukikije (EPA) na Ingingo ngenderwako z’amazi y’ivyihutirwa za CDC, canke uhamagare intara yawe Ibiro vy’ubuyobozi bw’ivyihutirwa (OEM) / hamagara 211 mu gihe c’ivyago vy’ubukonje vy’urushana vyatangajwe ku bijanye n’ugutanga amazi menshi yo kunywa vyihutirwa.
• Ifashanyo y’ubuhinga y’amariba n’ibidengeri vyo mu ntara: Baza Ishirahamwe ry’imfashanyo y’abanyagihugu bo mu ntara (RCAP) canke igisata ca leta co kwagura amakoperative.
• Ubwami bw'Ubwongereza:
• Ivyihutirwa: Hamagara 999. Iyo amazi yawe bwite atari mu nzira y’amazi (isoko, itobo, canke itangi) apfuye mu gihe c’ubukonje bukomeye kandi ukaba ufise abantu bashobora gushikirwa n’ingorane, abageze mu zabukuru, canke abafise ubumuga, bwira Igisata c’ubuzima bw’ibidukikije c’ubutegetsi bw’intara (mu *Mabwirizwa yerekeye amazi yigenga A910). inama zihuza amazi y’amacupa canke ubufasha bw’aba bowser mu bihe vy’ivyihutirwa bikomeye vy’urushana).
• Ubumwe bw'Uburayi:
• Ivyihutirwa: Hamagara 112. Ibisata vy’uburinzi bw’abanyagihugu (Uburinzi bw’abanyagihugu / Technisches Hilfswerk - THW / Protección Civil) bitanga ibikoresho vy’amazi yo kunywa vyihutirwa mu gihe c’ibihe vy’ubukonje bukomeye bushika ku mihana yo mu misozi iri ukwayo.
• Ostraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande:
• Ivyihutirwa: Hamagara 000 muri Australiya canke 111 muri Nouvelle-Zélande. Raba Ingingo ngenderwako z’Amazi yo Kunywa zo muri Ostraliya (NHMRC) na Ingingo ngenderwako z’Amazi yo Kunywa y’Ubuzima bwa Nouvelle-Zélande (Te Whatu Ora) ku bijanye n’umutekano w’itangi ry’amazi y’imvura n’amazi y’isoko.
• Ubuhindi na Aziya-Pasifike:
• Ivyihutirwa: Hamagara 112 mu Buhindi kubera gutabara vyihutirwa; bwira abajejwe gucungera ibiza mu karere (DDMA) canke Jal Jeevan Mission abahinga b’amazi bo mu misozi kugira ngo bashobore gufasha mu gukonja kw’imiyoboro y’amazi mu misozi miremire/Himalaya mu gihe c’imbeho.

Urutonde rwo gukingira urushana ku bidengeri bitagira uruzitiro n'imirongo y'amazi¶

Imbere y’uko igihe c’ubukonje gikurikira gishika, shira mu ngiro ibi bitanu vy’uburinzi:

• 1. Subiriza Idirisha Ryiza ku Binogo vy’Impemu vy’Ikinogo n’Impuzu y’Imirongo 6 (¼-Inch) y’Igikoresho c’Imbeho: Imibu ntiguruka ku -15°C (5°F), kandi urusenga rw’iminota 6 ntirushobora gutera ikiraro n’urubura rw’iminota 6 maze rugatera itangi ryawe.
• 2. Gushiramwo "Bleed Bypass" y'Amalita 2 ku Munota Ikomeza ku Mirongo y'Isoko ry'Inguvu: Amazi atemba asesa ubushuhe buhoro buhoro kandi akananira gukonja gushika kuri -25°C (-13°F), mu gihe amazi ahagaze mu muyoboro udakomeye cane akonjera ijoro ryose. Tee umupfunda w’amazi ugenda ugenda ugenda ugenda ugenda ugenda ugenda ushika ku mugende w’amazi w’amabuye (canke ugasesagura itangi ryawe) mu rushana rwose kugira ngo amazi yo mu muyoboro w’amazi w’amazi w’amametero 500 ntahagarike gukora.
• 3. "Ice Pillows" ziterera imbere mu bikoresho vyo hejuru y'ubutaka: Bohera ibibindi bibiri vy'amata/amazi vy'amalita 4 (galoni 1) vy'uburemere bwa 50 kw'ijana vyuzuye umusenyi canke amazi y'umunyu kugira ngo biterere bifise igice c'amazi hagati y'ibikoresho vyawe vya IBC; iyo barafu yo hejuru ivutse, iramenagura iyo nkono yuzuye umuyaga ishobora guhinduka aho gucapura inkuta z’itangi.
• 4. Yubaka "Isanduku y'Imbwa" Ikikuje IBC yo Hasi n'Igikoresho co Gushushanya 5W 12V: Zingira IBC yo hasi y'imillimetero 50 imbere mu gikoresho co hasi c'amasentimetero 5 (2-inch) gikomeye c'urubaho rwa XPS kugira ngo uburemere bw'ubushuhe bw'uruhande rwa +0te igumiza valve hejuru y’ubukonje.
• 5. Igihe cose Ubike Litiro 40 z’Amazi yo Kunywa y’Ivyihutirwa mu Nzu mu Bikombe vy’Amalita 20 vyuzuye Ubushobozi bwa 85% gusa: Naho inzu yawe yo mu nzu yoba ikonja igihe uri kure, igikombe c’amazi gikomeye c’ipolyethylene cuzuye 85 kw’ijana gifise umwanya uhagije wo gukonja.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Ni kuki igikombe canje c’amazi c’ipulasitike canke igikapu canje c’amazi ca IBC cacitse bukwi na bukwi maze kigaturika mu gihe c’ubukonje?¶

Iyo umuyaga ususurutse utose uri imbere mu gitereko c’amazi uduze ukaja mu muyoboro wo hejuru wo guhumeka uri munsi ya zero, ufutswe n’igipfukisho ciza c’udukoko, umuyaga urakonja ku rusenga maze ugafunga itangi ry’amazi ryose. Igihe pompe yawe y’amazi ifunguka maze igakura amazi mu gitereko c’amazi gipfutse, iratuma haba ubusa bukeyi imbere, bigatuma umuvuduko w’ikirere wo hanze (101 kilopascals canke 14,7 pounds ku inch carré) ujanjagura inkuta za polyethylene zija imbere. Imisi yose uzime iyo pompe ubwo nyene maze ufungure igipfukisho co hejuru co gusuzuma c’amasentimetero 15 (inci 6) kugira ngo umuvuduko ungana imbere y’uko ukuraho igipfukisho cakonje.

Ni gute umuyoboro wanje w’isoko ukoreshwa n’uburemere bw’isi ushobora kugira amazi ataco akora mu gihe isandugu y’isoko yuzuye kandi umuyoboro udakonje?¶

Mu murongo w’amazi afise umuvuduko mutoyi w’uburemere bw’isi ukurikira ahantu hataringaniye, ibibumbano vy’umuyaga vyinjira ku nzira y’isoko canke biva mu munyuro bikoranira ku mitwe y’ibinogo vy’amazi biduga biri ku ruhande rw’umuyoboro. Buri mufuko w’umuyaga ufunzwe uhindura amazi mu kuguru kw’igipfukisho kumanuka maze ugatuma habaho umuvuduko w’inyuma w’amazi; iyo uburebure bw’imifuko myinshi y’umuyaga buhuriweko bungana n’uburebure bwawe bwose buva mu gasandugu k’isoko, amazi arahagarara burundu. Sukura igipfukisho c’umuyaga mu guterura umuyoboro mu buryo bukurikirana kuva ku gasandugu k’amazi y’isoko, gupompa amazi inyuma kuva ku mpera y’ibarabara kugira ngo usunike umuyaga hanze y’agasanduku k’amazi, canke gushiramwo igikoresho co gukura amaraso ku gipfukisho kiri hejuru cane.

None nokura gute amazi mu tote ya IBC iyo valve yo hasi y’ipulasitike ikonjeje ikomeye?¶

Ntukigere ukubita canke guhatira ikinyugunyugu ca IBC canke umupira w’ipulasitike, kuko polypropylene ikanye ishobora gutera bitagoranye kandi izoca ijugunya amazi yawe yose iyo ipfutse. Ahubwo, fungura igipfukisho c’amasentimetero 15 (inci 6) kiri hejuru y’ico gipfukisho, ufungure canke ushire umwobo w’amasentimetero 5 (inci 2) uciye mu gice co hejuru c’urubura ukoresheje igikombe c’icuma cuzuye amazi abiri, hanyuma uterere ipompo y’amazi y’amavolte 12 canke downgree the siphon liquid straight C3 degre Fahrenheit) amazi yicaye munsi y’urubura.

Noshobora gute gufukura umuyoboro w’amazi wa polyethylene uri munsi y’ubutaka kandi nta muyagankuba mfise wo gukoresha mu gushushanya?¶

Kuvako umuyoboro wakonjeje ku nzira iri hafi cane y’ugumanuka maze ugaburire umuyoboro w’urubura ukomeye w’iminota 6 (1/4-inch) w’inyuma w’umurongo w’inyuma w’umuyoboro w’ibarafu hejuru imbere mu muyoboro munini gushika ukoze ku maso y’igipfukisho c’urubura. Koresha ipompo y’itongo ikoreshwa n’amaboko (iyikuyeho umutwe w’uruzitiro), ipompo y’ugutera amazi y’amaboko, canke ipompo y’uguhindura amazi y’amavolte 12 kugira ngo upompe amazi y’umunyu ashushe biciye mu nzira y’amazi y’umunyu mutoyi ushire ku barafu ataco uhinduye; iyo mazi y’umunyu ashushe arashonga ningoga igipfukisho c’urubura mu gihe amazi akanye ashonga asubira inyuma asohoka mu kinogo kiri hagati y’izo tiyo zibiri.

Ni kubera iki umugende wanje wo mu rugo utagira urubura wakonjeje ijoro ryose mu gihe iyo valve yari ihambwe munsi y’ubutaka ku metero 1,5?¶

Igikoresho co mu rugo kitagira urubura gikura gusa umuyoboro waco w’amazi uhagaze ata co umaze igihe umuyaga ushobora kwinjira mu mwobo uri hejuru mu gihe amazi asohoka mu mwobo wo kurira wo munsi y’ubutaka uri hasi. Iyo usize umuyoboro w’amazi wo mw’itongo ufatanye n’aho amazi asohokera ijoro ryose, ubusa burafata iyo nkingi y’amazi ifunzwe hejuru y’uwo muyoboro w’icuma uri ahagaragara, aho ikonja cane. Ubwo nyene ufungure iyo hose maze uzingire amasentimetero 45 yo hejuru y’umutwe w’amazi n’umuyoboro w’amazi aduga mu bitambaro vy’amazi vyinjijwe mu mazi ashushe imbere mu gafuko k’impuzu mu minota 8 kugira ngo umupfuko wo hejuru w’urubura ushonge.

Noshobora gukoresha umuyaga ufunze kugira ngo nkuremwo ivyo binogo biri mu gitereko c’amazi c’ipolyethylene casenyutse mu mwuka?¶

Oya, ntukigere ufatanya umuyagankuba n’ikinogo c’amazi c’ipolyethylene canke IBC tote kugira ngo ufuhe ibinogo biri imbere. Ivyombo vy’ububiko bw’amazi vy’ipulasitike ni ibikoresho bitagira umuvuduko vyagenewe gusa uburemere bw’amazi y’amazi; gutera umukazo mw’itangi rinini rifise mbere n’ibilopascal 35 gushika kuri 70 (5 gushika kuri 10 PSI) vy’umuyaga ufunze, bikabika inguvu z’umuyaga zishobora guturika ziteye akaga zishobora gucapura cane igisenge c’itangi. Ahubwo, fungura igipfukisho co hejuru, ususurutse iyo pulasitike yapfutse hejuru ya degre 10 Celsius (degre 50 Fahrenheit), hanyuma wuzuze itangi ryose amazi kugira ngo uburemere bw’amazi buva hanze busunike inkuta zisubire mu buryo.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Izuba, amazi n'imyanda bitari mu nzira
• Ubwiherero bwo gukora ifumbire, ubuhumane bw'itangi ry'amazi y'imvura, n'amazi y'imvi akonje
• Amatiyo yakonje n'ukwirinda guturika mu rushana
• Ugusenyuka kw'uruzitiro rw'izuba: fizi yo mu bwoko bwa T yapfutse, umugenzuzi w'umuriro, n'ugusubirana kwa bateri

Amasoko n'ubuyobozi buzwi¶

• Ikigo ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kijejwe gukingira ibidukikije (EPA) n’ishirahamwe ry’ugufasha abaturage bo mu misozi (RCAP): Igitabo c’amazi mato yo kunywa: Gukoresha no gucungera amazi y’ibidengeri, amasandugu y’amazi, n’amazi y’amazi y’inkomezi.
• Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ry’ubuzima (OMS) n’ikigo c’amazi, ubuhinga n’iterambere (WEDC): Ivyiyumviro vy’ubuhinga ku bijanye n’amazi yo kunywa, isuku n’isuku mu bihe vy’ivyihutirwa: Inzira z’amazi zikoreshwa n’inguvu z’isi n’ukwirinda gufunga umuyaga.
• Ibigo bijejwe kugenzura no kwirinda indwara (CDC): Amazi meza - Amazi yo mu rugo n'Umutekano w'Amazi yo mu Butaka/Amasoko.
• Igisata c’Uburimyi ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USDA) Igisata kijejwe kubungabunga ubutunzi bw’ibidukikije (NRCS): Igitabo c’Igihugu c’Ivy’Ingenzi Igice ca 636: Iterambere ry’Impeshi n’Imiterere y’Amazi y’Imiyoboro (Ivyangombwa vyo Gufata Umuyaga no Gusohora Umwuka).