Barka-biyoodka-Shabakada-Barafka-Barafaysan, Khadka Guga Cuf-jiidadka Hawada Xayiran, iyo Badbaadinta Haamaha Burburtay¶

Guryaha fogfog, qolalka buuraha, guryaha yar yar, iyo kaamamka kabaxsan, biyo la'aanta jiilaalka waa dhibaato degdeg ah oo joojisa cabbitaanka, fayadhowrka, waraabinta xoolaha, iyo kuleylka biyaha. Si ka duwan sida mashiinnada biyaha ee dawladda hoose ee lagu cadaadiyo 400 kilopascals (60 rodol halkii inch oo labajibbaaran), nidaamyada biyaha ka baxsan waxay ku tiirsan yihiin cadaadiska madaxa ee jilicsan ee ilaha hillside, tamarta qoraxda ku shaqeeya ee 12-volt ama 24-volt diaphragm matoorada baahida, iyo polyetylen cisterns media-media-10000. Kontaynarro badan (IBC) kubado. Marka heerkul-hoosaadku dhaco, saddex cilladood oo jireed oo kala duwan ayaa isku mar dhaca: hoarfrost waxay xirtaa hawada sare ee neefta ee ceelka kaydinta si bamku u nuugo derbiyada taangiga gudaha gudaha qulqulka qulqulaya, xumbo hawada kala diri waxay ku ururiyaan dhibcaha sare ee 500-mitir (1,640-foot) sariirta sariirta cuf-jiidad ee tuubada barafka iyo gebi ahaanba xannibaadda qulqulka biyaha, inkastoo qulqulka qulqulka qulqulka qulqulka. hydrant riser.

Isku dayga in lagu nadiifiyo ceel biyood la qaboojiyey ama tuubo guga polyetylen la aasay oo leh toosh gubanaya haramaha propane waxay dhalaalisaa gidaarka caagga ah, waxay ku wasakhaysaa sahayda biyaha la cabbi karo ee hydrocarbons batroolka, ama waxay kicisaa dab dhisme ah gudaha guri matoorka dahaaran. Haddii qof uu qabo hypothermia daran, dhaawaca biyaha qabow, ama sunta kaarboon monoksaydh ee ka imanaysa bamka biyaha shidaalka ama koronto dhaliya gudaha godka ceelka ee xiran911 Maraykanka iyo Kanada, 112 guud ahaan Midowga Yurub, 999 gudaha Boqortooyada Ingiriiska) ama la tasho annaga nambarada degdega ah hagaha. Xaaladaha degdega ah ee kaabayaasha jiilaalka ee la xiriira, eeg Qorraxda, biyaha, iyo burburka qashinka, musqulaha oo xumaada, wasakhowga ceelasha biyaha roobka, iyo biyaha cawlan ee barafoobayiyo tuubooyinka la qaboojiyey.

Hadda samee tan¶

1. ** Xir bamka dalabka biyaha ee 12V/24V/120V isla markaaba haddii aad maqasho bamka oo cidhiidhinaya, haddii cadaadiska biyuhu hoos u dhaco, ama haddii aad maqasho kor u kacaya ceelkaaga ama kubadhkaaga IBC. haanta xidhan, nuugaya gidaarada balaastikada ah ee u socda burburka qaabdhismeedka.
2. Ka fur daboolka 15- sentimitir (6-inch) ee ugu sarreeya ee koofiyadaha IBC-gaaga ama ceelka polye-ka ah laba leexasho si aad isla markaaba u jebiso faakuumka. Kahor intaadan biyaha dareerin ama daadin haanta, ku daadi dusha sare ee ceelka cadaadiska jawiga oo ku garaac baraf kasta shaashadda mesh ee fiican gudaha tuubada gooseneck neefta.
3. **Weligaa ha korin gudaha godka ceelasha, ceelka ceelka, ama haanta dhulka hoostiisa mara si aad baraf u gooyso ama u socodsiiso bamka shidaalka
4. *Hadii laynka guga ee cufisjiidku uu hoos udhaco ama uu istaago socodka ka dib markii sanduuqa guga uu si kooban hoos ugu dhacay,inkasta oo aan tuubdu barafaysanayn, ogow Qufulka Hawada Sare.
5. **Haddii biyuhu joojiyaan qulqulka qulqulka ceelkaaga, hubi inaad haysatid "Koofka Barafka sare" vs. "Frozen Bottom Bulkhead Valve" ka hor inta aanad u malayn in 1,000-litir taangiga ah uu barafaysan yahay. 90 boqolkiiba wakhtiga kubado IBC ah, 800 litir oo biyo dareere ah waxay hoos fadhiyaan 10 sentimitir (4-inch) qolof baraf ah halka kaliya 50-millimitir (2-inch) balaastiigga kubbadda balaastiga ee geeska hoose uu barafaysan yahay.
6. **Weligaa ha ku dhufan qalabka la qaboojiyey ee PVC ama polyetylen (PE/PEX) adigoo ku haysta dubbe ama wiish Ku qasbidda kabaalka balaastiigga barafaysan ayaa kabsiinaya jirridda oo daadisaa dhammaan 1,000 litir oo biyo ah marka ay dhalaalto.

Geedka go'aanka: ogaanshaha go'itaanka biyaha jiilaalka¶

flowchart TD
    A["Ma jiro Biyo Qulqulaya Kabaha Ka-baxsan ama Guryaha Jiilaalka"] --> B{"Nidaamka Bixinta Biyaha ee aad isticmaashaa?"}
    B -->|"Kubado IBC ama Ceel-biyoodka + Dalabka Bamka"| C{"Bambadu ma ordaysaa, mise Ceelku ma samaynayaa dhawaaqyo qaylo ah?"}
    C -->|"Haa: gidaarada haanta gudaha ayaa la nuugay ama soo boodaya"| D["ISKU DHAQAAL JOOJI BIXINKA: Neefta Barafka leh ee Hawo-qaadista"]
    D --> E["Si tartiib ah u fur daboolka sare ee 15 cm (6 inji) si aad u barbar dhigto cadaadiska hawada; ka saar shaashadda bug ee barafaysan; gidaarada kala bax biyo diirran"]
    C -->|"Bamka wuu engegaa / Biyo kama tagin haanta hoose"| F["Khadka hoose ee Valve ama laynka nuugida waa barafoobay"]
    F --> G["Ku duub waalka hoose ee tuwaalada biyaha kulul (ma jiro toosh furan) AMA ku rid bamka hoostiisa 12V daboolka sare ee ka hooseeya qolof baraf"]
    B -->|"Khadka gu'ga ee Feed-Fed Hillside"| H{"Biyuhu si caadi ah miyay u qulqulayaan sanduuqa guga ee kore?"}
    H -->|"Haa: Sanduuqa Spring waa buuxaa, 0 qulqulaya qolka"| I{"Sanduuqa gu'ga miyuu dhawaan hoos uga dhacay shaandhada qaadashada, mise khadka ayaa la daadiyay?"}
    I -->|"Haa: Hawadu waxay gashay dhuunta"| J["Hawada-Qaybta-sare ee Dhuumaha Cufis-jiidadka: Ku nadiifi hawada adoo isticmaalaya bamka-dib-u-noqoshada, daac-socod-sare, ama tii-dhiig-dhiig-sare ah"]
    I -->|"Maya: Eber-hoosaad ku qaboojiso meel biyo-mareen ah ama isgoysyada qulqulka"| K["Barafka ku jira Dhuumaha Polyethylene: Quudi 6 mm (1/4 in) tuubada hydro-jetter oo leh biyo kulul oo milix leh oo ka imanaya cidhifka hoose"]
    B -->|"Biyo Baraf-Free Dayrka La aasay"| L["Dhuumaha Riser ee Barafaysan Korka Daloolka Oohinta: Dhalli madaxa sare + usha naxaasta ah oo leh calal biyo kulul; waligaa ha ka tagin tuubada ku dheggan"]

Dhacdada 1: Badbaadinta barafaysan ama faakuum ku rakiban kubado IBC ah ama ceelka polyetylen¶

Haddii aad biyaha ku kaydiso 1,000-litir cad (275-gallon) qafis ** IBC tote ***, cagaar toosan 1,500-10,000-litir polyetylen cufnaanta sare leh, ama haan la aasay, qaboojinta jiilaalka waxay raacdaa sharciyada heerkulbeegga ee la saadaalin karo.

1. Ogaanshaha meesha IBC kubado ama ceel poli ay marka hore barafoobaan¶

Sababtoo ah biyaha dareeraha ahi waxay gaadhaan ** cufnaanta ugu badan ee +4.0 darajo Celsius (+39.2 darajo Fahrenheit)**, biyaha qabow ee 0°C (32°F) waxay sabbeeyaan oogada sare waxayna ku qaboojiyaan qolof sare oo baraf ah halka +4°C biyo dareere ahi ay ku hadhsan yihiin xagga hoose. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afar dhibcood oo nugul ayaa barafoobay wakhti dheer ka hor jidhka ugu muhiimsan ee biyaha:

2. Sida biyaha loo soo saaro marka waalka IBC ee hoose uu barafoobay si adag ("Top-Entry Submersible Bypass")¶

Haddii ay tahay -20 darajo Celsius (-4 darajo Fahrenheit) oo ka baxsan iyo 50-milimitir (2-inch) ee ugu hooseeya ee tuubada IBC-gaaga ama ceelkaagu uu yahay mid adag oo barafaysan, ha ku bixin saacado ku shubida kilshooyin biyo kulul ah waalka dibadda ee aan daboolnayn kaas oo dib u dhigi doona 15 daqiiqo ka dib. Taabo dareeraha + 4°C biyaha fadhiya hoose ee qolof sare ee barafka ilaa ** ugu sarreeya 15 sentimitir (6-inch) fur fur**:

1. ** Ka fur furka dhexe ee 15- sentimitir (6-inch) ah** oo ku yaal dusha sare ee IBC tote ama ceelka.
2. Ku dhalaali ama dalooli god 5 sentimitir ah (2-inch) ah oo dhex mara qolof sare oo baraf ah: Waligaa ha ku dumin qolofka sare ee barafka bir culus ama faashad, sababtoo ah bar simbiriiridu waxay toos u feeri kartaa dabaqa polyetylen-ka hooseeya ee jaban ee taangiga. Taa baddalkeeda, dhig ** maraq bir ah ama dheri naxaas ah oo cidhiidhi ah oo ay ka buuxaan biyo karkaraya ** dusha sare ee qolof baraf ah (ama isticmaal xargaha xargaha-iyo-yar) si aad dalool toosan oo nadiif ah u geliso biyaha dareeraha ah ee hoose.
3. ** Ku rid 12V Submersible "Whale" Pump ama Siphon Hose iyada oo loo marayo daloolka sare: ** Ku rid ** $ 20 12-volt inline camper / bamka birta *** (ama nuugista miisaanka nuugista cag-valve ee bamka dalabka qolkaaga) oo ku xiran 13-milimitir (½-inch) godka dabacsan ee 1 sentimitir ilaa 0 sentimitir korka sagxada haanta. Ku soo saar 20 ilaa 40 litir oo biyo ah jeerikaannada gudaha ah markiiba, iyo ** isla markiiba ka qaad tuubada taangiga oo daadi faaruq** fadhi kasta ka dib.

3. Sida loo soo saaro godka polyetylenka ee faakuumku dumay ama kubado IBC si badbaado leh¶

Haddii hawo-mareenkaagu barafoobay oo bamka dalabkaagu uu nuugo gidaarada ama qubbada godka HDPE-gaaga ama IBC-ga gudaha dalool qotodheer oo qoto dheer:

• Ha isku dayin in aad gidaarada taangiga dib u soo celiso inta balaastiggu yahay qabow eber ka hooseeya: Polyetylen cufnaanta sare waa adag tahay waxayna u nugul tahay inay dillaacdo iyadoo ay weheliso jajabyo fiiqan marka la leexiyo -15°C (5°F).
• Isla simi faakuumka oo ka baadh dildilaaca: Fur furka sare ee gelitaanka gabi ahaanba oo eeg laablaabyada gudaha ee u dhow garbaha sare iyo madaxa hoose ee ku habboon tooshka.
• ** Diiri balaastikada la karkariyey oo isticmaal miisaanka biyaha hydrostatic (HAWADA HAWADA MA CUUDSIIN):** Weligaa ha ku xidhin kombaresarka hawada ilaa godka biyaha balaastigga ah ee xidhan ama kubado IBC si aad u afuufto gidaarada hilqan; Taangiyada polyetylenka waxaa loogu talagalay 0 PSI cadaadiska hawada, iyo codsashada xitaa 35 ilaa 70 kilopascals (5 ilaa 10 PSI) ee hawo ciriiri ah waxay si xun u qarxin kartaa qubbada sare. Sug galab cadceedda (ama ku shub biyo diiran dushooda laalaabka dibadda) ilaa polyetylenku ka kululaado +10°C (50°F), ka dibna ku buuxi taangiga 100 boqolkiiba biyo halka daboolka sare uu furan yahay. Miisaanka hydrostatic ee dibadda ah ayaa dib u soo celin doona jeexjeexyada faakuumka gudaha qaab ahaan.

Dhacdada 2: Ka nadiifinta qufulka hawada sare ee khadka gu'ga ee 500-mitir¶

Nidaamyada guga ee cufis-jiidad leh waxay biyaha ku ururiyaan sanduuqa guga ee kor u kaca waxayna hoos u dhigaan meel duugan ama dusha sare leh ** 20-milimitir ilaa 32-milimitir (¾-inch ilaa 1.25-inch) tuubo cufnaanta sare ee madow (HDPE) ** in ka badan 100 ilaa 1,000 mitir (330in ilaa 3). Si lama filaan ah, ka dib markii la nadiifiyo sanduuqa guga, ka dib marka heerka gu'ga uu si kooban hoos ugu dhaco shaandhada qaadashada, ama ka dib hagaajinta isku xidhka, **Biyuhu waxay joojiyaan qulqulka qolka *, inkastoo sanduuqa guga ee kor u kacaya ay ka buuxsameen biyo dareere ah oo tuubkuna aan barafaysan. Waxaad haysataa ** Khadka Cufis-jiidad ee Hawada-Qaybta sare ee hawada.

1. Fiisigiska sababta tuubbada cuf-jiidadka ee 500-mitir hawada loo xiro¶

flowchart TD
    A["Sanduuqa guga ee kor u kacaya, qulqulka eber ee Cabin Hoosaadka"] --> B["Sababta Ay U Dhacdo: Dhuumaha waxa ay raacdaa dhul aan koobi karin oo leh Dhibcaha Sare ee Maxaliga ah (Humps)"]
    B --> C["Xumbooyinka hawadu way kacaan oo ku ururaan xagga sare ee buun kasta oo tuubada ku jirta"]
    C --> D["Jeebka hawadu mid kasta oo xidhani waxa uu ku qasbaa in uu hoos ugu biyo shubo lugta koraysa si uu isu dheellitiro biyaha lugta soo degaysa"]
    D --> E["Jeebab badan oo hawo ah oo taxane ah ayaa isku daraa: Isku-darka Cadaadiska Dib-u-celinta Hawada>= Dhicista Madaxa Cufisjiida"]
    E --> F{"Dooro Habka Qufulka Hawada Goobta (Korantada Looma Baahna)"}
    F -->|"Habka 1: Dhulku wuxuu ogolaanayaa in tuubooyinka kor loo qaado"| G["Ka lugee Sanduuqa Spring ilaa Cabin tuubada kor u qaadida gacmaha-gacanta si aad hawada u cayrsato"]
    F -->|"Habka 2: Dhuumaha waa la aasay ama ma guurto"| H["Cadaadiska dhabarka ee ka imanaya Downhill Cabin dhamaadka iyadoo la isticmaalayo 12V Pump ama Hand Bilge Pump si ay hawada uga saarto sanduuqa guga"]
    F -->|"Habka 3: Hagaajinta Injineeriyada Joogtada ah"| I["Iska yaree tuubbada cidhifka buurta dhexe oo ku rakib tee ku habboon + Valve toosan"]

• Ka soo qaad in sanduuqa gu'gaagu uu fadhiyo 12 mitir (40 cagood) ka sarraysa marka loo eego qolkaaga, oo ku siinaya cadaadis madax cufan oo keliya 118 kilopascals (17 PSI), ama kaliya 3 mitir (10 cagood) oo madax ah (4.3 PSI) oo ku yaal seeraha-jiirada hoose.
• Sababtoo ah tuubada polyetylenka madow waxay ku kor rogtaa alwaaxyada, dhagxaanta, bangiyada qulqulka, iyo burooyin yaryar, waxay ka kooban tahay daraasiin ah ** dhibcood sare oo maxalli ah (kor u kaca)** oo ay ku xigto hoos u dhuuban.
• Marka hawadu soo gasho qaadashada sanduuqa guga, socoshada waxay ku qasbaysaa xumbo hawadu inay kor u sabbayso ka soo horjeedka biyaha hoos u socda, oo ku dabinaysa cidhifka buurta oo biyaha u roga lugta hoos u socota. Haddii aad haysato ** afar kala duwan oo 1-mitir (3.3-foot ah) humps toosan *** oo ay weheliyaan tuubo 500-mitir ah, oo buul kastaa ku dabinayo tiir 1-mitir oo hawo ah lugtiisa hoose, afartaas diyaaradood waxay ka jarayaan ** 4 mitir buuxa (13.1 cagood) oo ah madaxa culeyska**. Mar kasta oo la isku daro dhererka tooska ah ee jeebabka hawadu xayiran tahay ama uu ka sarreeyo dhibicda sare u kaca ee sanduuqa guga ilaa hump ugu horeeya, ** socodka wuxuu hoos ugu dhacayaa 0.0 litir daqiiqadii**.

2. Afar hab oo tallaabo-tallaabo ah oo garoonka lagu nadiifiyo qufulka khadka guga ee culeyska culeyska¶

• ** Habka 1: "Soo Socodka Dhuumaha" laga soo bilaabo Sanduuqa Gu'ga ee Hoosta (ee Dusha-Laid Beeb):**
• Kor u soco Sanduuqa guga marka hore oo xaqiiji in shaandhaynta qaadashada ay la quusisay ugu yaraan 15 sentimitir (6 inji) oo ka hoosaysa biyaha oogada sidaa darteed wareegtada oogada sare uma nuugi karto xumbo hawo tuubada.
• Fur tuubada dheecaanka ee buurta gunteeda **100 ballaaran oo furan ***.
• Ka bilow sanduuqa guga, qabso tuubada polyetylenka oo ** kor u qaad ilaa dhererka garabka**, adigoo si tartiib ah hoos ugu socda dhinaca qolalka gacanta-gacanta ah. Kor u qaadista mid kasta waxay ku qasabtaa in jeebabka hawada ee xayiran ay dhaafaan qolofyada ilaa suunka sare ee hawadu ka toogto dhamaadka hoose ee qolka.
• ** Habka 2: Ku-soo-noqoshada Dib-u-noqoshada Hoos-u-dhaca ("Pushing the Bubble Uphill"):**
• Sababtoo ah guuxa dabiiciga ahi waxa uu sabbeeyaa xumbooyin hawo ** kor *** , aad bay u fududahay in la riixo dayuurada ** gadaal kor uga soo baxa sanduuqa guga *** intii lagu qasbi lahaa hoos.
• Dhamaadka qolka, ku xidh bamka diaphragm 12-volt (ku shaqeeya baytari aalad xadhig la'aan ah ama baytari baabuur) ama **kabadhka gacanta ee bamka ** ka soo sawir 20-litir (5-gallon) baaldi biyo nadiif ah gudaha qolka dhamaadka tuubada guga. Biyaha bamgareeya ** kor u kaca *** ilaa 10 ilaa 15 daqiiqo ilaa dhammaan jeebabka hawadu ku xayiran yihiin ay ka xumbo miiraha wax-qaadista ee ku dhex jira sanduuqa guga, ka dibna ka fur bamka oo fur furka qolka.
• ** Habka 3: "Downhill Vacuum Siphon Pull" (Isticmaalka Dhibcaha Taagan ee Dhamaadka Cabin):**
• Haddii khadkaaga gu'ga uu ku dhawaado meel fidsan oo dhererkeedu yahay 300 mitir (halka ay hawadu fadhido) ka dibna uu si qoto dheer hoos ugu soo dego buur ilaa 100 mitir ee ugu dambeeya qolkaaga, xidh tuubada qolka hoose, ka saar tuubada xagasha meesha ay dhibicda tabartu ka bilaabato, buuxi 100 boqolkiiba lugta hoose ee hoose oo biyo ka buuxaan adigoo isticmaalaya baaldiyada, koofiyada hoosena dib ugu xidh. furan**. Tiirka qulqulaya ee biyaha ee lugta hoose ee taariiqda ah ayaa soo jiidata ilaa -70 kilopascals (-10 PSI) oo nuugid gadaasheeda, iyaga oo jeebka hawada ku jiidaya midigta sare ee taagga.
• ** Habka 4: Goynta Lafaha Hump (The Permanent "High-point Bleed Tee"):**
• Haddii tuubbadaada la aaso oo ay ka gudubto cidhif dhexe oo ay hawadu samaysato jiilaal kasta, u soco ** meesha ugu sarreysa ee sareyntaas ***, jar tuubada polyetylenka, geli ** balaastiig Tee ah oo ku habboon *** oo leh laba tuubo oo bir ah oo aan lahayn, oo ku dheji galka kubbadda naxaasta ah ee sanduuqa waalka dahaaran. Dilaacidda daalka buurta sare ah ee furan ayaa u oggolaanaysa in hawada ku xanniban ay soo baxdo 30 ilbiriqsi gudahood ilaa ay biyo adag ka qulqulayaan.

Dhacdada 3: Dhaadhidda tuubo la qaboojiyey ama dayr aan dhaxan lahayn oo koronto la'aan ah¶

Haddii baraf baraf ahi uu ka dhex sameeyo xariiqda guga ee polyetylen-ka la aasay (sida caadiga ah halka ay tuubdu soo marto dariiqa waddo-jeexan ee jaranjarada ah ama ay ka gudubto sariirta qulqulka leh) ama gudaha ** dayrka biya-baxa ee baraf-free**:

1. Waa maxay sababta uu biyuhu u qaboojiso Barafka-Free Dayrka (iyo sida loo dhalaaliyo 10 daqiiqo gudahood)¶

Biyo-mareenka barafka aan dhaxan lahayn (sida Simmons, Merrill, ama Woodford-tubadaha taagan) ayaa leh galka naxaasta ee dhabta ah ee ku yaal 1 ilaa 1.8 mitir (3 ilaa 6 cagood) dhulka hoostiisa ah ee ka hooseeya xariiqda dhaxan. Marka aad hoos ugu riixdo kabaalka birta-kabka ee sare OFF, tuubada hoose ayaa xirta marinka biyaha oo furay meel yar oo ** godka hoostiisa ee biya-mareenka **, taasoo u ogolaanaysa dhammaan biyaha taagan gudaha tuubada kor u kaca galvanized ee toosan inay ka daadan sariir quruurux ah oo dhulka hoostiisa ah si ay tuubbadu u istaagto faaruq.

Haddii biyaha dareerahaaga aan dhaxan lahayn uu barafoobay subaxdii, labada khalad midkood ayaa dhacay:

1. Cillad A: Qof ayaa ka tagay tuubada beerta (ama Y-splitter / nozzle) oo lagu duuduubay tuubada biyaha habeenkii.
2. Sababta ay u qaboojiso: Marka tuubada xiran ama tuubada barafku ku xiran tahay tuubada, hawadu kama geli karto meesha sare ee biyaha marka aad xirto gacanta. Sida aad fartaada ku hayso dusha sare ee cawska wax lagu cabbo, **vakuumka jawiga waxa uu hayaa tiirka biyaha oo ka go'an xagga sare ee tuubada kiciya ***, halkaas oo ay si adag u qaboojiso habeenkii.

3. Cillad B: Daloolka oohinta quruuruxda dhulka hoostiisa ah waa la xiray ama waxaa ka buuxa biyo sare oo dhulka hoostiisa ah.

4. Sida si badbaado leh loogu dhalaalin karo biyo-qabow-Frost-free:

5. Si degdeg ah uga fur tuubada ku dheggan.
6. Kor u qaad gacanta 1 sentimitir: haddii gacanku wax yar u dhaqaaqo oo birta gudaha usha shaqaynaysa dhaqaaqdo, galka naxaasta dhulka hoostiisa ee xagga hoose waa ** aan la barafaysan - kaliya 30 sentimitir ee ugu sarreeya (12 inji) ee tuubbada kor u kaca tooska ah ee dhulka ka sarreysa ayaa leh baraf baraf ah.
7. ** Duubka Shukumaanka Biyaha-kulul Ammaan:** Ku duub madaxa birta ah iyo 45 sentimitir ee ugu sarreeya (18 inches) ee tuubbada kor u kaca galvanized ee tuwaalka qubeyska qaro weyn, si tartiib ah ugu shub ** laba kiish 2-litir oo biyo karkaraya ** tuwaalka, oo ku duub bacda qashinka madow si adag ugu wareeji tuwaalka qoyan si aad u qaboojiso 5 daqiiqo kulaylka galay furka barafka, iyo cadaadiska biyaha hoos ka toogan dhululubada barafka isla markiiba ka soo baxa.
8. • Digniinta Tooshka Propane:* Iyadoo xoolo dhaqato badani ay si kooban u lulayaan toosh propane ee gacanta lagu hayo ** birta galvanized *** tuubada biyaha qaada (waligeedna caag ah), ** waligaa ha kululayn madaxa birta birta ah** (kaas oo dhalaalinaya xidhmada caag gudaha O-rings) iyo ** waligaa ha isticmaalin toosh u dhow cawska qalalan, birta alwaax, ama tuubo caag ah ***.

2. Habka "¼-inch Hydro-Jetter Tube + Biyo Kulul leh" oo loogu talagalay tuubooyinka badan ee la qaboojiyey¶

Maxaa dhacaya haddii 25-milimitir (1-inch) tuubo polyetylen ah oo madow lagu qaboojiyo 6 mitir (20 cagood) gudaha godad aan la heli karin ama socodka dhulka hoostiisa? Kuleylinta bannaanka dhulka waa wax aan macquul aheyn, iyo in lagu shubo biyo kulul dhamaadka furan ee tuubada waa ay guuldareysatay sababtoo ah biyaha kulul waxay si fudud u fadhiyaan dusha sare ee biyaha qabow ee horeyba ugu xayiran barafka hortiisa.

Waa in aad keentaa biyo karkaraya si toos ah wejiga barafka adigoo isticmaalaya tuubo gudaha ah oo khafiif ah:

1. Iibso ama badbaadi 15 mitir (50-cagood) gariiradda adag **6-milimitir (¼-inji) dhexroorka bannaanka tuubooyinka baraf-sameeyaha ee polyetylen ** (ama 8-milimitir / 5/16-inch tubo siphon cad oo vinyl ah).
2. Ka saar tuubada biyaha ee la qaboojiyey ee 25-milimitir (1-inch) ah ee ururka hoose ee kuugu dhow ama qolka ku habboon, iyo ** dunta khafiifka ah ee 6-milimitir ah gudaha tuubada weyn** ilaa ay ku dhufato wejiga adag ee barafka.
3. Ku mil 250 garaam (1 koob) oo milix miis ah (sodium chloride) ku shub 4-litir (1-gallon) oo ah ** biyo karkaraya**
4. Isticmaal bamka-gacanta-gacan ee raqiis ah $10, buufiye-saytiifiyaha beerta (oo caarada buufinta laga saaray), ama bamka wareejinta 12V (ama maqaar qabta 2 mitir) si aad biyaha milixaysan ugu shubto tuubada dhuuban ee 6-milimitir ah.
5. Sida ay u shaqayso: brine kulul waxa uu ka soo toogtaa caarada tuubada 6-millimitir ee khafiifka ah ee saxda ah ee wejiga barafka, dhalaalisa barafka, iyo qulqulka qabow ee dhalaalay ** dib u soo baxa farqiga sannadlaha ah *** ee u dhexeeya tuubada 6-milimitir iyo tuubada 25-milimitir baaldi cagahaaga ah. Marka barafku dhalaalayo, sii wad tuubada 6-milimitir ee khafiifka ah u riix sentimitirka hore (dhalaalaya qiyaas ahaan **30 sentimitir / 1 cagood 2dii daqiiqaba) ilaa aad ka feerto furka barafka iyo biyaha guga ayaa soo qulqulaya.

Lambarada degdega ah ee gobolka iyo borotokoolka wakaalada¶

Marka baraf-baxa biyaha ka baxsan uu keeno xaalad deg-deg ah oo daadad ah, halis meel bannaan, ama guud ahaan luminta biyaha la cabbi karo, isticmaal kanaaladan gobolka:

• Mareykanka iyo Kanada:
• Nafta-Badbaadada, Badbaadinta Ceel-biyoodka, ama Hypothermia: Wac 911.
• ** Biyo-qaadista Biyaha La-qaadi karo & Hanuuninta Biyaha Degdegga ah ee Miyiga:** La tasho U.S. Wakaaladda Ilaalinta Deegaanka (EPA) iyo ** CDC Tilmaamaha Bixinta Biyaha ee Degdegga ah**, ama la xiriir degmadaada Xafiiska Maareynta Degdegga ah (OEM) / garaac 211 xilliga lagu dhawaaqay qaboobaha qaboojiya masiibooyinka loogu talagalay qaybinta biyaha la cabbi karo ee bulk.
• Kaalmada Farsamo ee Ceelka Miyiga & Ceel-biyoodka: La xidhiidh ** Iskaashiga Caawinta Bulshada Reer Miyiga (RCAP)** ama Adeegga Fidinta Iskaashatada Gobolka.
• Uk:
• ** Gurmad:** Wac 999. Haddii biyahaaga gaarka ah ee ka baxsan (guga, ceelka, ama ceelka) ay ku guuldareystaan inta lagu jiro baraf ba'an oo aad leedahay dad nugul, waayeel ah, ama dad caafimaad ahaan ku tiirsan, la xiriir ** Waaxda Caafimaadka Deegaanka ee Maamulka Deegaanka *** ( hoos imaanaya Xeerarka Supplies Water Supplies 2016* iyo *Xeerka Warshadaha Biyaha ee gargaarka degdega ah 1991). xaaladaha degdega ah).
• Midowga Yurub:
• ** Gurmad:** Wac 112. Unugyada ilaalinta madaniga ah ee dawladda hoose (* Ilaalinta Civile / Technisches Hilfswerk - THW / Protección Civil*) waxay bixiyaan booyadaha biyaha la cabbi karo ee degdega ah inta lagu jiro dhacdooyinka qaboojinta eber ka hooseeya ee saameeya tuulooyinka go'doonsan.
• Australia iyo New Zealand:
• ** Gurmad:** Wac 000 gudaha Australia ama 111 ee New Zealand. La tasho ** Tilmaamaha Biyaha La-cabbida ee Australiyaanka ah (NHMRC)** iyo Heerarka Caafimaadka New Zealand (Te Whatu Ora) Biyaha-Cabitaanka ee haanta biyaha roobka ee kabaxsan iyo badbaadada sahayda guga.
• Hindiya iyo Aasiya-Baasifik:
• ** Gurmad:** Wac 112 gudaha Hindiya si loogu gurmado; la xidhiidh maamulka maaraynta masiibada ee degmada (DDMA) ama Jal Jeevan Mission injineerada biyaha miyiga si aad u qaboojiso dhuumaha jiilaalka ee Himalayan.

Liiska hubinta ilaalinta jiilaalka ee ceelasha kabaxsan iyo khadadka guga¶

Kahor inta uusan imaanin qabow-hoosaadka eber-hoosaadka ah, hirgali shantan difaac ee farsamada:

• 1. Ku beddel Shaashadda Daaqadda Wanaagsan ee Hawo-qaadayaasha Jiilaalka leh 6-mm (¼-inji) Dharka Hardware ee Jiilaalka: Kaneecadu kuma duuli karto -15°C (5°F), mesh 6-milimitir ah oo qalafsan kuma xidhi karto baraf baraf ah oo ku soo jiid haantaada.
• 2. Ku rakib 2-litir-daqiiqo joogto ah "Bleed Bypass" Xariiqyada Guga: Biyaha qulqulaya si tartiib ah ayay u daadiyaan kulaylka waxayna u diidaan baraf ilaa -25°C (-13°F), halka biyaha fadhiistay ee tuubada gaagaaban ay barafayaan habeen dhax. Tee 2-litir-daqiiqo oo joogto ah (0.5 GPM) waalka leexleexa ee qolka kaas oo si joogto ah u socda godka godka jeexa (ama buuxdhaafa ceelkaaga) jiilaalka oo dhan si biyaha tuubada guga ee 500-mitir waligood dhaqaaqin.
• 3. Sabbeyn Miisaan "Barkimo Baraf" Gudaha Sare-Goolka IBC Kubado: Ku xidh laba shaabadaysan oo 4-litir (1-gallon) HDPE caano ah / weel biyo ah oo miisaankoodu yahay 50 boqolkiiba ciid ama biyo milix ah si ay u sabbeeyaan badh-hoosaadyo badhtamaha kubabada IBC; marka barafka dushiisa uu sameeyo, wuxuu jejebiyaa weelka hawo ka buuxo ee dabacsan halkii uu kala qaybin lahaa darbiyada taangiga.
• 4. Ka dhis sanduuqa Doghouse-ka ee dahaaran ee hareeraha hoose ee IBC Valve oo leh 5W 12V Pad Diirin: Ku xidh daboolka hoose ee 50-milimitir ee IBC gudaha 5 sentimitir (2-inji) dahaarka xumbo XPS adag si tirada kulaylka ee 1,0400 litir ee biyaha + bilaashka ah ku hayso.
• 5. Had iyo jeer ku hay 40 litir (10 gallon) oo biyo ah oo degdeg ah gudaha gudaha 20-Liter Jerrycans oo ay ka buuxsameen 85% Keliya Awood: Xataa haddii qolkaaga gudaha ahi uu barafoobayo intaad maqan tahay, jerrycan polyetylen qaro leh oo ka buuxsamay boqolkiiba 85 ayaa leh meel hawo oo ku filan si uu u qaboojiyo iyada oo aan la kala goyn.

Su'aalaha soo noqnoqda¶

Waa maxay sababta godka biyaha balaastikada ah ama kubabada IBC ay si lama filaan ah u god galeen oo ay u kicisay inta lagu jiro barafka?¶

Marka hawo diiran oo qoyan oo gudaha haanta biyaha ah ay kacdo tuubo neefsasho hoose oo hoose oo lagu daboolay shaashada cayayaanka wanaagsan, uumidu waxay barafaysaa mesh-ka oo xidhaa taangiga gebi ahaanba hawo. Isla marka bamka biyuhu uu shido oo uu biyo ka soo saaro xagga hoose ee haanta xidhan, waxa ay abuurtaa faakuum qayb ah gudaha, taas oo u oggolaanaysa cadaadiska hawada ka baxsan (101 kilopascals ama 14.7 rodol halkii inji oo labajibbaaran) si ay u burburiyaan gidaarada polyetylenka gudaha. Had iyo jeer dami bamka isla markaaba oo fur fur furka 15- sentimitir (6-inch) ee ugu sarreeya si aad u barbar dhigto cadaadiska ka hor inta aanad iska saarin shaashadda barafaysan.

Sidee bay tuubbada guga ee cuf-jiidadka leh u yeelan karaa eber socodka biyaha marka sanduuqa guga uu buuxo oo aan tuubuhu barafaysan?¶

Xariiqda biyaha culeyska culeyskiisu yar yahay ee raacaya dhulka aan sinneyn, xumbo-xumada hawada ka soo gasha xilliga gu'ga ama ka soo baxa xalka waxay ku ururiyaan cidhifyada tubooyinka sare ee tuubada. Jeebka hawadu mid kasta oo xayiran waxa uu u rogaa biyaha lugta soo degaysa ee hump wuxuuna abuuraa cadaadis dhabarka ah Marka dhererka tooska ah ee jeebabka hawadu badan yahay ay la mid tahay wadarta kor u qaadistaada sanduuqa guga, socodka biyuhu gabi ahaanba wuu joogsadaa. Nadiifi qufulka hawada adiga oo si isdaba joog ah uga soo qaadaya tubada sanduuqa guga oo hoos ugu soo dhacaya, biyaha gadaal uga soo celinaya dhamaadka qolka si aad hawada uga soo saartid sanduuqa guga, ama ku rakibida tii dhiigbaxa meesha ugu sareysa.

Sideen biyo uga soo saaraa kubado IBC ah marka balaastigga hoose uu barafoobay?¶

Weligaa ha ku dhufan hana ku qasbin balaastikada IBC ee barafaysan ama waalka kubbadda, maadaama polypropylene qabow si sahal ah u daadin doonto biyahaaga oo dhan marka ay dhalaalto. Taa baddalkeeda, fur furka 15-centimeter (6-inch) ee kubaadda dusheeda, dhalaali ama gooji dalool 5- sentimitir (2-inch) ah oo dhex mara qolof sare oo baraf ah adigoo isticmaalaya bir ay ka buuxin karaan biyo karkaraya, oo ku rid bamka 12-volt ee tuubada tuubada siphon si toos ah hoos ugu geli dareeraha +4 darajo Celsius (+39 darajo Fahren)

Sideen u dhalaali karaa barafaysan tuubada biyaha polyetylenka ee dhulka hoostiisa ah marka aanan haysan koronto loogu talagalay cajalad kuleyl ah?¶

Ka saar tuubada barafaysan ee isku xidhka hoose ee kuugu dhow oo quudi 6-milimitir (1/4-inji) dhexroorka bannaanka tuubada barafka polyetylen ilaa ay taabato wejiga barafka. Isticmaal bamka-buufiyeha beerta gacanta (iyada oo caarada sanbabada laga saaray), bamka-gacmeedka gacanta, ama bamka wareejinta 12-volt si aad biyaha milixda leh ugu shubto tuubada khafiifka ah si toos ah barafka; brine kulul ayaa si degdeg ah u dhalaalisa barafka halka biyaha dhalaalaysa ee qabow ay gadaal u qulqulayaan farqiga u dhexeeya labada tuubbo.

Waa maxay sababta biyo-baxa dayrka aan dhaxan lahayn uu u barafoobay habeen qura markii waalka lagu aasay 1.5 mitir (5 cagood) dhulka hoostiisa ah?¶

Biyo-mareenka deyrka ee aan dhaxan lahayn kaliya waxa uu daadiyaa tuubihiisa toosan oo faaruq ah marka hawadu soo gali karto xabka sare halka biyuhu ka soo saarayaan godka baroorta dhulka hoostiisa ee hoose. Haddii aad ka tagto tuubada beerta ee ku dheggan tuubada habeenkii, faakuumku wuxuu hayaa tiirka biyaha oo ku xanniban xagga sare ee tuubada birta ah, halkaas oo ay si adag u qaboojiso. Isla markiiba ka fur tuubada oo ku duub 45 sentimitir ee ugu sarreeya (18 inji) ee madaxa hydrant iyo tuubada kor u qaada tuwaalada lagu qooyay biyo karkaraya gudaha bac ilaa 8 daqiiqo si aad u dhalaaliso barafka sare.

Ma isticmaali karaa hawo cufan si aan ilkaha uga soo saaro haanta biyaha ee polyetylen-ka burburtay?¶

Maya, waligaa haku xidhin kombastarka hawo ceel biyood xidhan oo polyetylen ah ama kubado IBC si aad u afuufto godadka gudaha. Taangiyada kaydinta biyaha caagga ah waa weelal aan cadaadis lahayn oo loogu talagalay kaliya miisaanka dareeraha hydrostatic; Cadaadiska ceel weyn oo leh xitaa 35 ilaa 70 kilopascals (5 ilaa 10 PSI) ee hawada ciriiriga ah waxay ku kaydisaa tamar sambabada oo halis ah oo qarxa taasoo si xoog leh u dillaacin karta qubbada taangiga. Taa beddelkeeda, fur furka sare, diiri caagga la shiiday ee ka sarreeya 10 darajo Celsius (50 darajo Fahrenheit), oo gebi ahaanba taangiga ka buuxi biyo si culeyska hawada sare uu u riixo gidaarada qaab ahaan.

Tilmaamaha la xidhiidha¶

• Qorraxda, biyaha, iyo burburka qashinka
• Burburinta musqulaha oo xumaada, wasakhowga ceelasha biyaha roobka, iyo biyaha cawlan ee barafoobay
• Tuubooyinka barafaysan iyo ka hortagga dillaaca jiilaalka
• Hab-dhiska cadceedda ee ka-baxsan: fiyuuska Class-T oo la afuufay, koontaroolaha la shiilay, iyo soo kabashada baytariga

Ilaha iyo hanuuninta rasmiga ah¶

• Hay'adda Ilaalinta Deegaanka ee Maraykanka (EPA) iyo Iskaashiga Caawinta Bulshada Reer Miyiga (RCAP): Buug-gacmeedka Nidaamyada Biyaha La-cabbida ee Yaryar: Hawlgalka iyo Dayactirka Cimilada Qabow ee Ceelasha, Sanduuqyada Gu'ga, iyo Mashiinnada Gudbinta Cufis-jiida.
• Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO) iyo Xarunta Biyaha, Injineerinka iyo Horumarinta (WEDC): * Qoraallada Farsamada ee Biyaha-Biyaha, Fayadhowrka iyo Nadaafadda Xaaladaha Degdegga ah: Shabakadda Biyaha ee Dhuumaha Cufis-jiidad iyo Ka-hortagga Qufulka Hawada*.
• Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada (CDC): Biyo Caafimaad qaba - Barkadaha Biyaha Guriga iyo Badbaadada Biyaha Dhulka/Guga Gaarka ah.
• Waaxda Beeraha ee Maraykanka (USDA) Adeegga Ilaalinta Khayraadka Dabiiciga ah (NRCS): Buug-gacmeedka Injineerinka Qaranka Qaybta 636: Horumarinta Guga iyo Naqshad Haydarooliga Tubooyinka (Gelitaanka Hawada iyo Shuruudaha Hawo-qaadista).