Kordhinta Gawaarida Lawnmower-ka, Xidhiidhka Daabka, iyo Dhaawacyada Mashruuc ee la Tuuray¶
Nambarada deg-degga ahi way ku kala duwan yihiin waddan ahaan. Boggani wuxuu isticmaalaa 911, lambarka Maraykanka iyo Kanada. Wadamo badan oo kale ayaa isticmaala 112, 999, ama nambar kale. U hel lambarka wadankaaga.
Lawnmowers waxay u egyihiin qalabyada caadiga ah ee guriga, laakiin xogta diiwaanka caafimaadka dadweynaha iyo dhaawacyada ee Waqooyiga Ameerika, Yurub, iyo Australia waxay ku qiimeeyaan socodka gadaasha cawska rotary, fuulitaanka cagafyada cawska, iyo ganacsiyada ** eber-rogid (ZTR) mowers** ka mid ah sababaha ugu waaweyn ee lug-goynta lugaha xanuunka leh, cudurrada carruurta ee dilaaga ah ee dhimashada badan, iyo burburinta taraafikada dibadda. Hoosta sagxada cawska birta ee cawska guryaha ama ganacsiga, birta adag ee adag waxay ku wareegaan 3,000 ilaa 3,600 kacdoon daqiiqadii (RPM), iyagoo gaadhaya xawaare toosan oo caarad ah oo ah 300 ilaa 320 km/h (185 ilaa 200 mph). Xawaarahaas, daabka wareeggu wuxuu xirmayaa qiyaas ahaan 2,800 joules (2,100 foot-pounds) oo ah tamarta kinetic, oo u dhiganta ku ridida gacan ama caliber saddex jeer si toos ah labaatankii ilbiriqsi kasta, iyadoo tuuraysa dhagxaan qarsoon, jajabyo silig ah, iyo alaabta ay ku ciyaarto ee ka soo baxaya xawliga xawliga u eg.
Isla mar ahaantaana, mishiinada fuushanaya fuusha culus iyo mishiinada eber-rogadka ah ee culeyskoodu yahay 250 ilaa 700 kiiloogaraam (550 ilaa 1,550 rodol) waxay leeyihiin xarun sare oo cufisjiidad iyo salkin cidhiidhi ah. Marka lagu dhex maro meelo qoyan, cidhifyada godka, ama gidaarada xajinta, waxay ku soo boodaan wax ka yar ilbiriqsi, iyagoo ku dhejinaya laabta hawlwadeenka hoostooda qaybaha qiiqa kulul ama waxay ku daboolayaan hoos iyagoo ku jira barkadaha beeraha gacmeed iyo kanaalada biya-mareenka. Ogaanshaha sida loo xakameeyo dhiig-baxa halbowlaha iyo ilaalinta nambarada go'an ka dib marka daab-joojintu dhacdo, sida loo soo saaro hawl-wadeenka ku hoos xidhan cawska fuushanka rogmaday iyada oo aan la shidin shidaal soo daatay, iyo sida looga hortago musiibooyinka dhabarka ee carruurta ee dhabarka ka yimaada waxay badbaadisaa addimada iyo nolosha.
Hadda samee tan¶
- ** Xir mishiinka cawska, ka saar xajinta daabka Power Take-Off (PTO), oo ka saar siliga dhimbiil ama furaha baytari ka hor inta aanad taaban sagxada sagxada ama qof dhaawac ah.
- Dhakhso codso, cadaadis toos ah oo burburinaya ama dalxiiska muraayadaha ganacsiga ee jeexjeexyada daabka ama goynta. Haddii dhiig ka soo baxayo ama ka soo ururayo cagta, lugaha, gacanta, ama cududda, si adag ugu cadaadi maro nadiif ah oo nadiif ah nabarka oo ku xidh muraayadda dabaysha ** dalxiis 5 ilaa 7 sentimitir (2 ilaa 3 inji) oo ka sarreeya dhaawaca*; eeg gargaarka degdegga ah ee dhiigbaxa daran.
- ** Isla markiiba wac lambarkaaga deg-degga ah.** Wac 911 gudaha Mareykanka iyo Kanada, 112 guud ahaan Midowga Yurub, ama 999 gudaha Boqortooyada Midowday (fiiri nambarada degdega ah). Si cad uga warbixi haddii qofka lagu dhejiyay cawska fuulka rogmaday, biyaha lagu dhex qariyey, ama uu soo gaadhay goynta daabka.
- *Haddii mishiinka jeexa fuusha ama eber-rogadka uu ku rogmaday hawl-wadeen dhulka ama balliga ku jira, dami isla markaaba furaha dabka si aad uga hortagto dabka shiidaalka oo ka qaad mishiinka marin hawo mareenka/xabadahooda. Isticmaal laba ama in ka badan oo taagan ama kabaal alwaax dheer ah (weligaa ha noqon silsilad soconaysa ama Furimaha Dagaalka) si aad uga leexiso jeexaha laabta dhibbanaha, ama ku qabo dhibbanaha sankiisa iyo afkiisa biyaha ka sarreeya haddii god lagu dhejiyo.
- **Weligaa ha soo bixin silig, ciddi, ama dhagax si qoto dheer uga dheggan isha, luqunta, laabta, ama caloosha oo ay maraan saxarada mootada. eeg dhaawacyada isha.
- ** Hel oo si fiican u qabooji faraha, suulasha, ama qaybaha cagaha ee go'an ka dib markaad dejiso bukaanka.** Ku raaci wasakhda guud biyo nadiif ah si tartiib ah haddii loo baahdo, qaybta go'day ku duub faashad nadiif ah oo qoyan, ku xidh gudaha bac caag ah oo aan biyo lahayn, oo ku rid bacda daboolan weel bannaanka ah ** baraf iyo biyo si toos ah ugu dheji unugyada barafka waxayna burburisaa dib-u-dhisidda qaliinka).
Danger
**Weligaa ha u oggolaan ilmo da' kasta leh inuu ku fuulo dhabtaada, feedhkaaga, ama jiid jiidka cawska fuushanaya, marna ha u oggolaan carruurtu inay bannaanka ku joogaan deyrka inta uu cawsku socdo. joojiyaha fuushanka buuqa badan isla markaaba qofka weyni u wareegayo.
Saddexda hab ee dhaawacyada kala duwan ee cawska cawska¶
Fahmidda sida wareegyada-wareega-daba-mareenada, cagaf-cagafyada cawska, iyo jeexa-jeexa eber-wareegga ah ay u dhaawacaan hawl-wadeennada iyo goobjoogayaashu u hagaan samatabbixinta degdegga ah iyo ka-hortagga maalinlaha ah labadaba.
flowchart TD
A["Gurmadka cawska"] --> B{"Shil noocee ah ayaa dhacay?"}
B -->|"Xidhiidhka Daabka: Lugta, Gacanta, ama Ilmaha oo Dhaafsan"| C["1. Dila mishiinka & garbaha PTO<br/>2. Codso tourniquet 5 ilaa 7 cm korka boogta addimada + cadaadis toos ah<br/>3. Ku ilaali tirooyinka go'ay ee faashad qoyan -> bac -> biyaha barafka <br/>4. Wac 911/112/999"]
B -->|"Kordhinta / eber-u-rog-rog-rogid-rog-rogista xaajinta (Jiirada ama Balliga)"| D{"Hawlwadeenku ma lagu dhegay biyo AMA meel qallalan?"}
D -->|"Gudaha Balliga/ Kanaalka"| E["Wejiga dhibbanaha ku qabo biyaha ka sarreeya; gooyaa suunka haddii uu saxmo; kabaal jeexa laabta; bilow CPR haddii ay jawaabi weydo"]
D -->|"Jiirada qalalan"| F["Dami furaha dabka (gaaska ku daadanaya muffler kulul); chock giraangiraha hoose; Mashiinka kabaal ee laabta; hubi dhaawaca laf dhabarta/burbushka"]
B -->|"Mashruuc La Tuuray Xawaare Sare (Dhagaxa, Siliga, Birta)"| G{"Halkee buu ka dhacay madfaca?"}
G -->|"Isha"| H["Ha xoqin ama ha saarin shay; koob warqad adag oo cajal ah gaashaanka isha; tag ER"]
G -->|"Laabta, Qoorta, Caloosha, ama dhakada"| I["Wac 911/112/999; ku dhaaf walxaha qoto dheer ee meesha ku yaal; xakameeyo dhiigbaxa dibadda"]
1. Xidhiidhka daabka tooska ah iyo goynta dhabarka ee carruurta¶
Marka daab jeexa jeexa ahi uu ku dhufto cagta ama gacanta bini'aadamka, ma keento jeex qalliin oo fudud. Sababtoo ah daabku wuxuu wareegaa 50 ilaa 60 kacdoon ilbiriqsi gudahood gudaha qolka cawska wasakhaysan, wuxuu gaystaa ** saddex dhaawac oo isku mar ah 0.1 ilbiriqsi gudahood ***:
- Labo jaban oo heerar kala duwan leh: daabtu waxay ku dhufataa addinka saddex ilaa shan jeer ka hor inta aan cagta ama gacanta dib loo soo jiidin, waxayna jejebisaa lafo yaryar oo jajab ah waxayna ka siibaysaa maqaarka iyo seedaha lafta lafta.
- ** Xawaaraha sare ee ciidda iyo tallaalka cawska:** 300-km/h (185-mph) socodka hawada ee sagxadda hoosteeda waxay kaxaysaa wasakh, bacriminta cawska, saxarada xayawaanka, iyo bakteeriyada polymicrobial (* Clostridium perfringens *, * Pseudomonas *, * Staphylococcus *, iyo * Enterrobacter capsuw) qoto dheer nabarrada mid ka mid ah heerarka caabuqa qoto-dheer ee ugu sarreeya ee qalliinka lafaha.
- Sida dadka waaweyn iyo carruurtu ula xiriiraan daabka:
- Nadiifinta cawska qoyan ee gacanta ku xidha: Hawlwadeenku waxa uu gaadhay gacan-gashi ama gacan qaawan oo ku dhex jirta daabka dheecaanka dhinaca si uu u soo jiido cawska guga qoyan iyada oo matoorku wali shaqaynayo (ama 3 ilbiriqsi gudahood marka uu sii daayo gacanta iyadoo duullimaadyada culculus wali uu wareegayo).
- Dib-u-socoshada oo ku dul silban jiirar qoyan leh oo cawska gadaashiisa lagu socdo: Mulkiilaha guri wuxuu xaaqaa kor iyo hoos buur dhinicii taran, dharab-jaalle halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa; Marka kabaha kabaha ay ku siibaan cawska qoyan, waxay u soo jiidaan cawska gadaashiisa gadaal u socda si toos ah cagahooda, ama waxay simbiriirixan cagaha-marka hore hoos maraan dambe ee cawska ka horreeya iyaga.
- Sanad-raacista carruurta ee soo dhicis iyo dib-u-noqosho: Ilmo yar oo si farxad leh loo fuuli jiray cawska fuusha awoowgeed ama waalidka horraantii xagaaga waxa uu ordaa cawska oo aan la aqoonsan gadaashiisa si uu u waydiisto raacid kale. Isaga oo uu dhego-tiray mishiinka 95-decibel-ka oo xidhan ilaalinta maqalka, hawl-wadeenku waxa uu dib u soo celiyaa geed ama baadiyaha oo uu ilmaha dul maro ka hor inta aanu ogaan in qof ku jiro daarada.
2. Cagaf-cagaf-raac iyo jeex-jeexa eber-rogid (ZTR) rogo-rogadka iyo balli-qaqashada¶
Rogista mashiinka fuusha ama mishiinka eber-rogadka ganacsiga waa sababta kaliya ee ugu badan ee ** dhimashada dadka waaweyn** ee ku lug leh qalabka cawska:
| Nooca Mashiinka & Sababta Naqshadeynta | Waa maxay sababta Rollovers si degdeg ah u dhacaan | Khataraha Khatarta ah ee Khatarta ah Inta lagu jiro Is-beddelka |
|---|---|---|
| ** Zero-Turn Radius (ZTR) Maqaarka (dual baarka dhabta ah ee hydrostatic, taayirrada hore ee caster)** | Taayirrada hore ee aan biriiga lahayn, ee si xorta ah u lulaya waxay bixiyaan ** eber isteerinka hoose ama qabsashada biriiga ***. Haddii hal taayir baabuur uu lumiyo jiidista cawska qoyan ee jiirada ka sarreeya 10° ilaa 15°, mishiinku si xoog leh ayuu hoos ugu dhacayaa ("wheeling free"), wuxuu ku dhuftaa godka hoose ama gees u leexiyo 180° | Mishiinku wuxuu hoos ugu dhacayaa laabta iyo luqunta hawlwadeenka, taasoo keentay ** neefta oo xanuunaysa** (awood la'aanta inay balaadhiso feeraha si ay u neefsato) 3 ilaa 5 daqiiqo gudahood |
| Cagaf-cagaf-cagafeedka caadiga ah ( faashash isteerinka hore, bareegga gadaal-mareenka) | Xarunta sare ee cuf-jiidadka oo aan lahayn quful kala duwan; U kaxaynta meel aad ugu dhow meel meel laga soo dejiyo, god jeexan, darbi haynta, ama cawska dheer ee aan la jarin ee qarinaya maydhashada waxay sababtaa in taayirka hoose uu soo dhaco oo cagafku dhinac u rogo | ** Dabka batroolka iyo kulaylka dab-qaadiyaha ayaa gubanaya:** Shidaal ayaa ka soo daadanaya daboolka gaaska ee la sii daayay iyo baaquli karbuuretarka dusha sare ee qiiqa kulul ee dusha sare ee hawlwadeenka |
| ** Goojinta balliyada lagu hayo, xeebaha harooyinka, iyo kanaalada biyo-mareenka *** | Cawska qoyan iyo bangiyada dhoobada ah ee aan la jarin waxay ku hoos dumaan miisaanka 500-kilogram (1,100-pound) ee jeexa, ama cawska qoyan wuxuu keenaa jeexa inuu u leexiyo dhinaca hoose ee daboolka ilaa 60 sentimitir (2 cagood) oo biyo ah. | **Xitaa biyaha balli-qoto dheer ee jilibka ah:**Xitaa biyaha balli-qoto-dheer, hawl-wadeenka dhabarka ugu dhejiyay sagxad 400-kg ah oo wax lagu jaro ah ma qaadi karaan madaxooda 15 sentimitir (6 inji) si ay u gaadhaan hawada oo ku qarqmaan wax ka yar 2 daqiiqo |
3. Qaab dhismeedka ilaalinta Roll-Over (ROPS) iyo suunka barbardhiga¶
Inta badan mishiinada jar-jarayaasha eber-rogadka ah iyo cagaf-cagafyada tas-hiilaadka is haysta waxay ku qalabaysan yihiin birta laalaabi karo ee badbaadada kursiga gadaasheeda loo yaqaan Roll-Over Protective Structure (ROPS) iyo dhabta dib loo celin karo suunka. Fahamka qaanuunka farsamada birta isku xidhay ee isku xidhaya bar ROPS iyo suunka ayaa badbaadiya nolosha:
- Marka ROPS-ka la xidho (kor loo qaado): Waa in aad xidhataa suunka si adag u xidhan**. Marka la rogo, suunka ayaa ku haya jirkaaga gudaha saddexagalka difaaca ee ay sameeyeen birta dheer ee ROPS bar iyo daboolka hore si cawska culus uusan kuu burburin. (In ka badan 70 boqolkiiba dhimashada ROPS-ku-qalabaysan cawska ayaa dhaca sababtoo ah hawlwadeenku wuxuu kor u qaaday baarka ROPS, wuxuu ka tagay suunka isagoo aan xidhnayn, oo ka soo dhacay baarka ROPS hoostiisa markuu dhulka ku dhacay.)
- Marka baarka ROPS la laabo (tusaale, in si ku meel gaadh ah loo dugsado laanta geed hoose hoosteeda) ama mower ka weyn oo aan lahayn baarka ROPS: Waa in aanad xidhin suunka kursiga**. Haddii aysan jirin biro toosan oo ROPS ah oo ka saarta mishiinka kore ee jirkaaga, adigoo xiran suunka kursiga waxaad si toos ah kuugu dhejineysaa aagga burburay ee ka hooseeya cagaf-rogid waxayna kugu dabineysaa biyaha hoostooda haddii cawsku simbiriiro u galo balli. Had iyo jeer kor u qaad oo ku dheji ROPS booska toosan isla markaaba ka dib markaad ka gudubto laan hoose.
4. Madfac aad u sarreeya oo la tuuray¶
Caarada cawska rotary ee ku safraya ** 320 km/h (200 mph)** waxay si toos ah ugu wareejisaa tamarta kinetic shay kasta oo adag oo ku qarsoon cawska:
- Waxa la bilaabay: Dhagaxa, jaayga, walnut dhacay, lafaha eyda, madax birta birta birta lagu rusheeyaa, xadhiga xadhiga silsilada xidhidhiyaha, cidiyaha, iyo jajabka jajaban ee daabka cawska laftiisa waxa ay ka toogtaan godka dheecaanka dhinaca (gaar ahaan haddii gaashaanka caaga ah ee guga ku raran lagu rakibay xadhig bungee ah ama laga saaro 200 cagood) ilbiriqsikiiba)**.
- ** Galitaanka Ballistic:** 2 sentimitir (0.8-inch) oo silig daxalaystay ama quruurux af leh oo lagu furay 90 mitir ilbiriqsikiiba si sahal ah ayuu u galaa maqaarka khafiifka ah ee isha bini'aadamka, wuxuuna ka duraa fontanelle-ka dhakada ama gidaarka laabta ee ilmaha oo ku ciyaaraya 30 mitir (100 cagood), ama si toos ah uga feeraya weelka qoorta ee qof weyn.
Gargaarka degdega ah ee tallaabo-tallaabo ee dhaawacyada cawska¶
1. Daawaynta dildilaaca daabka iyo goynta addimada¶
- ** Marka hore ka dhig goobta mid nabdoon:** Furaha dabka ka dami, kabaha dhimbiil ka saar balaayada (mashxadaha gaasta gadaasha ee socda) ama ka saar furaha badbaadada/ baakidhka baytariga (mashqadaha korantada ee bilaa xadhigga ah), oo sug ilaa dhammaan dhaqdhaqaaqa daabku gabi ahaanba istaago.
- ** Isla markiiba jooji dhiigbaxa halbowlaha:**
- Si toos ah ugu cadaadi suufka faashad nadiifka ah ee qaro weyn ama maro nadiif ah oo laalaabtay oo si toos ah ugu dheji jirridda dhiigbaxa ama jeexjeexa cadaadiska gacanta ee culus.
- Qayb kasta ama qayb ka mid ah goynta cagta, anqawga, lugaha, gacanta, ama cududda, ama nabar kasta oo leh dhiig guduudan oo dhalaalaya, mari ** dabaysha muraayadda ganacsiga 5 ilaa 7 sentimitir (2 ilaa 3 inji) meel u dhow (kor) dhaawaca Adkee muraayadda dabaysha ilaa ay dhammaan dhiiggu joogsadaan oo ogow wakhtiga saxda ah; eeg gargaarka degdegga ah ee dhiig baxa.
- ** Daryeel qaybta go'an (Faraha, Lugaha, Lugaha, ama Gacanta):**
- Fiiri cawska ku hareeraysan jeexa (weligaa ha gaadhin sagxada sagxada hoosteeda ilaa batteriga la jarayo) si aad u heshid nambarada go'ay ama jajabka nudaha.Xitaa haddii qayb aan dib loo beerin karin, dhakhaatiirta qaliinka gacanta iyo lugaha ayaa si joogto ah u isticmaala maqaar caafimaad qaba, lafo, neerfaha, iyo maraakiibta talaalka ("qalliinka qaybo ka mid ah qaybaha bannaan") ee gacanta la gooyay si dib loogu dhiso.
- ** Ilaalinta qaboojinta saddex-tallaabo:**
- Si tartiib ah qaybta la gooyay ugu duub faashad nadiif ah oo lagu qooyay milix nadiif ah ama biyo nadiif ah oo dhalada ah oo nadiif ah (ha ku xoqin saabuun ama jeermis-dileyaal).
- Geli qaybta duuban gudaha bac nadiif ah, engegan, oo aan biyuhu lahayn oo xidh.
- Ku rid bacdaas caagga ah weel labaad oo ay ka buuxaan ** isku dar ah baraf la jajabiyey iyo biyo qabow **. Waligaa far ama suul go'an ha saarin baraf qaawan ama baraf engegan ***, kaas oo qaboojiya xididdada dhiigga yar yar oo adag oo sababa necrosis dhaxan aan laga noqon karin taasoo ka dhigaysa dib-u-qabsiga yar yar ee aan macquul ahayn.
- Ka daaw shoogga hypovolemic oo u diyaari qalliin: Bukaanka dhabarka u dhig, oo dhulka kaga dahaadh buste si aad uga hortagto hypothermia ka dhalan karta, sii ** wax ay cunaan ama cabbaan Qalliinka lafaha/xididdada yar yar iyo antibiyootiga ballaaran ee xididdada dhiigga.
2. Soo saarida dhibbanaha oo lagu dhejiyay cawska fuula ee gadoonsan hoostiisa¶
Haddii cagaf-cagaf-cagaf ama jeex-jeexa eber-rogid ah uu ku dul rogmado hawlwadeen ku yaal jiirar ama god:
- ** Balli, bohol, ama biyo-mareen (Qalbiddu waxay ka mudan tahay wax walba):**
- ** Isla markiiba biyaha gal oo kor u qaad/qabso sanka iyo afka dhibbanaha oo ka sarreeya biyaha oogada.** Qofka wejiga hoos ugu dhejisan 30 sentimitir (12 inji) oo biyo balliga ah waxay ku qarqmi doonaan 90 ilbiriqsi gudahood, ka hor intaanay gaadhi dab-demis ahi iman.
- Halka samatabbixiye uu ku taageerayo madaxa dhibbanaha oo ka sarreeya biyaha, samatabbixiye labaad waa inuu damiyaa mishiinka cawska, ka fur ama jeex suunka dhex mara mindi jeebka ama xiirta dhaawaca haddii dhibbanuhu uu ku xidhmo baarka ROPS ee laalaaban, oo uu isticmaalo tuubo dheer oo bir ah, bir 4x4 ah, bir bir ah oo dheer, bir 4x4 ah, birta xayndaabka, ama jaakad baabuur oo lagu dhejiyay birta ilaa 1 sentimitir (6 ilaa 8 inji) ka saara laabta dhibbanaha si ay bilaash ugu simbiriiraan.
- Haddii dhibbanaha laga soo saaro biyaha isagoo aan jawaab celin oo uusan si caadi ah u neefsaneyn, si degdeg ah u billow CPR oo ka bilaabma neefsashada samatabbixinta iyo cadaadinta laabta; eeg gargaar degdeg ah oo qarqinaya iyo CPR.
- ** Jiirada qallalan (dabka, maandooriyaha ayaa gubanaya, iyo neef-qabatin naxdin leh):**
- ** Isla markiiba fur furaha mowerka dami oo ka fiirso shidaalka soo daadanaya:** Haddii basiinku ka soo daadanayo haanta shidaalka ku dul xidhma mishiinka kulul, hay kiimiko qalalan
Class B / ABC) Dab-damiska oo loogu talagalay mishiinka ama ku tuur wasakh/cammuud qoyan oo olol caws yar ah (waligaa ha ku buufin qulqulka biyaha tuubada beerta ee batrool gubanaya, kaas oo ku firdhiya shidaal gubanaya dulmanaha la qooyay). - Kuguji dhinaca hoose ee cawska rogrogmaday dhagaxyo, alwaaxyo, ama baloogyada taayirrada si marka aad isku daydo inaad mishiinka ka qaaddo dhibbanaha, aanu u silbaabin ama aanu hoos ugu rogman 180 darajo.
- ** Kala saar xayndaab qabow inta u dhaxaysa muffler-ga kulul iyo maqaarka dhibbanaha:** Haddii 400°C (750°F) qiiqa muffler-ku uu ku taagan yahay lugta ama dhabarka dhibbanaha intaad qabanqaabinayso caawinta kor u qaadida cagaf-cagafyada 500-kilogaram, si toos ah ugu shub biyo qabow birta muffler/admada ama aagga taabashadu u dhexayso looxa kulul ama tuubada eeg gubatay gargaarka degdegga ah.
- Laf-dhabarta ha toosin ka dib qaadista: Marka miisaanka laga qaado xabadka, dhibbanaha ha u jiidin jiirada taagta dheer gacmahooda ilaa dab basiin firfircoon uu ku qasbo jiid degdeg ah; u deji madaxa iyo luqunta safka oo sugo dhakhaatiirta caafimaadka ee dhabarka.
3. Gargaarka degdega ah ee nabarrada sadburinta jarista xawaaraha sare leh¶
- Dhaawaca isha ee gasha (dhagaxa, siliga, ama kabka alwaax): Haddii qof gooyay ama meel u dhow uu ka dareemo xanuun fiiqan oo degdeg ah oo isha ku haya oo ay ku xigto aragga qallafsan, jeexjeexa, ama bar madow/guduud oo muuqda oo iris ah ama isha cad ee isha, ka soo qaad jajab yar oo xawaare sare leh ama dhagax ah ayaa dalooliyay adduunka (** gudaha). Ha xoqin isha, ha isku dayin inaad si xoog leh u dhaqdo, hana ku cadaadin faashad daboolka isha. Ku dheji koob warqad adag ah ama gaashaanka isha aluminium ee lafta ku wareegsan godka isha oo si toos ah u aad qaybta xaaladaha degdegga ah ee cisbitaalka si loogu sameeyo CT orbital.
- Laabta, luqunta, ama daloolinta caloosha: U dawee dalool kasta oo dhiigbax ah oo ku yaal jilibka ama luqunta oo ay keento silig la jeexjeexay ama ciddiye si sax ah sida dhaawaca xabadda xawaaraha hoose ku socota. Qayb 3 sentimitir ah (1.2-inch) oo silig daxalaysan waxay ka daloolin kartaa pericardium (kiishka wadnaha), sambabada sambabada, ama mindhicirka yar marka uu ka tago oo keliya 3-milimitir oo dillaac ah maqaarka. Waligaa ha soo bixin silig goglan; ku dabool boogta feedhaha ee nuugista leh shaabad laabta laga soo saaray ama dhaymo saddex-gees ah oo wac 911, 112, ama 999.
Xeerarka jaridda jiirada iyo liiska hubinta badbaadada¶
Raac hab-maamuuska jihaynta badbaadada makaanikada si aad uga hortagto rogrogga iyo xidhiidhka daab:
- ** Ogow xeerarka jihada jiirada ee ka soo horjeeda ee Socod-Behind vs. Riding Mowers:**
- **Markii roodhida jeexjeexa ee gadaal-socota: Gooji wejiga jiirada (dhinac-dhinac), waligaa kor iyo hoos ha u bixin
- *Cagaf-cagaf-korka: Kor iyo hoos u jar jiirada, WALIGAA ha dhaafin wejiga jiirada. si toos ah kor iyo si toos ah hoos u wadida waxay ka dhigaysaa miisaanka dhexda u dhexeeya faashashka ballaaran. (Fiiro gaar ah: Jardiinooyin badan oo eber ah waa in aan lagu qallin jiir kasta oo ka badan 10 ilaa 15 darajo, sababtoo ah taayirkooda hore waxay lumiyaan kontoroolka hoos u dhaca; hubi buug-gacmeedka hawlwadeenkaaga.)
- Ka nadiifi deyrka dhagxaanta, alaabta lagu ciyaaro, siliga, iyo ulo ka hor inta aanad bilaabin mishiinka.
- Dhammaan carruurta iyo xayawaanka rabaayada ah u soo dir gudaha guriga ka hor inta aanad furaha jeedin, oo haddii ilmuhu waligiis dibadda u soo baxo deyrka, xidh mashiinnada jeexa iyo mishiinka isla markiiba ka hor intaadan fogayn.
- Had iyo jeer xidho ANSI Z87.1+ muraayadaha badbaadada ee saamaynta lagu qiimeeyay, ilaalinta maqalka, surwaal culus oo dheer, iyo kabo shaqo oo maqaar adag ah** (weligaa ha ku jarin kabo-la'aan, kabo-kabo, Crocs, ama shiraacyada shiraac).
- Weligaa ha ku jarin cawska qoyan ee jiirada, oo xaji 2 mitir (6.5-foot) caws aan la jarin ama xadhig la jarjaray oo ku teedsan cidhifka sare ee bangi kasta oo balli ah, godad, iyo darbi haynta sidaa awgeed taayirada cawska fuushan ee culculus weligood uma soo dhawaadaan dhibco jilicsan.
- Weligaa ha dhaafin Xakamaynta Joogitaanka Hawl-wadeenka (kuursiga fadhiga ama damiinashada gacanta), waligaa ha ka saarin gaashaanka caagga ah ee dheecaanka dareeraha ah, oo waligaa ha damin furaha isku xidhka badbaadada ee Reverse-Mow.
Qalab-jareyaasha xargaha (xashka cawska), gooyayaasha burushka, iyo shidaal ku shubista khataraha dabka¶
Marka laga soo tago jaranjarooyinka sagxadda rotary, kuwa gacanta lagu qabto ** xargaha xargaha naylon-ka ah (cuniyaasha haramaha / strimmers), biraha birta ah ** gooya burush, iyo shidaal ku shubidda matoorka kulul waxay sababaan tobanaan kun oo waaxda xaaladaha degdegga ah ee soo booqda gu' kasta iyo xagaaga:
1. Xadhig gooye gooyaha globe jeexjeexyada indhaha iyo burushka birta birta ah ee laadadka¶
Xadhkaha gacanta lagu xidho ayaa madaxiisa goynaaya 7,000 ilaa 10,000 RPM, isaga oo garaacaya caarada xariiqda naylon ee dhaaftay 350 km/h (220 mph):
| Habaynta Qalabka | Habka Dhaawaca Gaarka ah | Kahortagga Waajibka ah & Gargaarka Degdegga ah |
|---|---|---|
| ** Xadhkaha Xadhkaha ah ee Naylon (Nylon Monofilament Trimmer) (Weed Whacker)** | ** Daloolinta corneal iyo globe dillaacay:** Talooyinka naylon-xawaaraha sare leh waxay u kala baxaan 2- sentimitir ama saxaro eyda, qolof qolof leh, fiilooyinka fiilooyinka, iyo quruurux fiiqan oo kor ugu hoosaysa muraayadaha indhaha caadiga ah si toos ah isha hawlwadeenka | Muraayadaha caadiga ah ama muraayadaha qoraxda kuma filna: Had iyo jeer xidho duubka daboolan ANSI Z87.1+ muraayadaha badbaadada oo ay ku hoos hoos maraan polykarbonate ama mesh Visor Forestry. Haddii shaygu isha ku dhufto, marna ha xoqin; ku dheji koob warqad adag ah oo ku dul dheji lafta orbital oo si toos ah u tag dhakhtarka indhaha ee ER |
| ** Birta 3-Ilkaha / 80-Ilkaha Buraashka cadayga oo lagu rakibay shafka gooya** | ** Laadadka daab-daabka ah ee gacan-ka-hadalka ah:** Haddii dhinaca midigta ee birta burushka birta ah ee miiqanaysa ay ku dhufato xayndaabka bowd, dhagax qarsoon, ama kurtin sapling ah oo ka sarreysa 5 cm (2 inji) dhumucdiisuna, birta adag waxay u laad-laadaysaa dhinac si xoog leh, iyada oo dhex mareysa anqawga ama lafdhabarta hawlwadeenka | Weligaa ha ku dhejin miinshaar wareeg ah ama daab bir ah oo bir ah oo gooyay biraha qalloocan iyada oo aan lahayn suunka-handlebar baaskiil adag iyo birta birta; xidho ilaalo maqaar culus/ballistic ah iyo kabo bir ah; Ka fogee dhammaan dadka ag taagan ** ugu yaraan 15 mitir (50 cagood)** |
| ** Silsilad-Beddelka Sharci-darrada ah / Madax-jaramiyaha Biraha-Birta** | ** Sii daynta jeexjeexyada birta ah ee dilaaga ah:** Madaxa gooyaha suuqa dambe ee ku beddela xadhigga nylon ee dhererka silsiladda silsiladda birta ah ama fiilada tidcan ayaa la kulma daal bir ah oo isku xidha silsiladaha silsiladda adag ee birta ku rogmato iyada oo la marayo madaxa, gumaarka, ama madaxa hawlwadeenka | Hay'adaha badbaadada dawladda (ay ku jiraan UK HSE iyo US CPSC) waxay si adag uga digayaan ama mamnuucaan ku-xidhnaanta silsiladaha-flail trimmer-ka ee dhawr-xabbo; isticmaal kaliya xariiqda polymer-ka ee soo-saaraha oggolaaday ama burush bir ah oo shaabadaysan oo hal-shaab ah |
2. Shidaalka mishiinka cawska kulul: ka hortagga gubashada dabka¶
Boqolaal shil oo daran oo heerka labaad iyo saddexaad ah ayaa gubashada degdega ah xagaaga kasta marka hawlwadeenku uu ka dhamaado shidaalka barxadda barxadda oo isla markiiba ku shubo shidaal cusub oo jerrykaan caag ah ku shubaya haanta cawska-cawska oo kulul:
- Waa maxay sababta uumiga shidaalku u shido iyada oo aan lahayn dhinbiil ama holac (536-degree-Fahrenheit) Heerkulka uumiga gaaska. Haddii hal tafsiir oo shidaal dareere ah uu hoos ugu soo daadego dhinaca taangiga oo uu gashado gaashaanka kulul ee kululeeyaha, ama qiiqa shidaalka culus uu ku dul rogmado qaybta qiiqa, daruurta uumiga ayaa isla markiiba ku qaraxda kubbadda dabka.
- Maxaa dhacaya marka hawlwadeenku argagaxo: Isagoo ka naxsan biliglihi meesha maqaarka cawska, qofka haysta 20-litir (5-gallon) jerrycan bansiin furan ayaa si dareen leh dib u gariiraya, oo ku firdhiya gaaska dareeraha ah ee ololaya lugahooda, gumaarka, laabta, iyo carruurta u dhow
- Xeerka Qabow ee 10-daqiiqo ah iyo Gargaarka Degdegga ah:
- ** Had iyo jeer dami mishiinka jeexa oo sug ugu yaraan 10 daqiiqo** hooska hoostiisa si uu muffler-ku u qaboojiyo ka hor inta aanad furin furka gaaska, oo had iyo jeer ku shub shiidaalka dibadda ee laami bannaan oo ka fog cawska qallalan iyo garaash nalalka kuleyliyaha biyaha.
- Hadduu dharku dab ka qabsado iftiinka shidaalka: Si degdeg ah ugu amar dhibbanaha inuu Jooji, Dhig, oo Dul-rog cawska korkiisa marka aad dabka luqunta hoos ugu daadinayso tuwaal cudbi ah, buste, ama wasakh (mareegaha ololka basiinka si uu u xoogeysto).
- ** Gubashada ku qabooji biyo socda oo qabow muddo 20 daqiiqo ah:** Marka ololku baxo, isla markiiba ku nadiifi maqaarka gubtay tuubo qabow ama biyo tuubada beerta ** 20 daqiiqo oo buuxa **, si taxadar leh u gooy dhar kasta oo * aan * ku dhalaalin maqaarka, ku duub si dabacsan gubashada guriga nadiifka ah ee caag-filim ah (loo dhigay, waligiis si adag loo xirxiray, labis qallalan, waligiis la duubay) iyo 1 112, ama 999; eeg gubashada iyo gubta gargaarka degdegga ah.
3. Waa maxay sababta nabarrada cawska ay u qaadaan teetanada xad dhaafka ah iyo khatarta caabuqa ciidda-bakteeriyada¶
Si ka duwan sida mindida jikada oo gudaha lagu gooyay, daabka cawska rotary-ga ayaa lagu dahaadhay ciidda sare ee firidhsan, xadhkaha xayawaanka, cawska qudhuntay, iyo mulch organic. Marka daabku u jeexjeexo cagta ama gacanta 320 km/h (200 mph), waxa ay durisaa bakteeriyada samaysa xabkaha anaerobic, oo ay ku jiraan Clostridium tetani (** tetanus**), Clostridium perfringens (** gaas gangreen**), iyo biyo/carradu caaryada, gudaha hoose ee burburay, oksijiin-
- ** Jeexitaanka cawska ama dalool kasta wuxuu u baahan yahay waraabin qalliin oo xirfad leh qolka qalliinka ama qaybta gargaarka degdegga ah ***, xitaa haddii dhiigbaxa dibadda ahi si dhakhso ah u istaago.
- ** Xaqiiji Teetanaha (
Tdap/TdXaaladda xoojisa isla markiiba:** Sababtoo ah nabarrada cawska waxaa lagu sifeeyay caafimaad ahaan sida "boogaha wasakhaysan ee teetanada," bukaan kasta oo aan yeelanin xoojiyeyaasha teetanada ee la soo dhaafay 5 sano (halkii daaqada caadiga ah ee 10-sano ah ee jarista nadiifka ah) waxay u baahan tahay tallaalka teetanada sunta ah ee degdega ah, iyo bukaannada aan la tallaalin waxay u baahan yihiin Gtanus. - Ka fiirso unugyada cas-cas ee degdega ah ama gaaska crepitus: Ka dib markaad guriga ka soo laabato, haddii cagta ama gacanta dhaawacan ay si degdeg ah u soo baxaan casaan, dheecaan bunni ah oo ur xun, gaas xun oo maqaarka hoostiisa ah, qandho, ama xanuun daran oo ka baxsan saamiga baaritaanka 12 ilaa 48 saacadood gudahood, ku soo celi qolka gargaarka degdegga ah ee caabuqa necrot.
Isdiiwaangelinta gacan-qabsiga ** Jooji Dhiigbaxa, Gargaarka Degdegga ah, iyo koorsada CPR** ee Laanqeyrta Cas, St John Ambulance, ama barnaamijka dhaawacyada bulshada ayaa ku qalabeynaya xirfado wax ku ool ah si aad u dalbato dalxiis oo aad u maareyso dhaawacyada rogroga marka ilbiriqsiyo tiriyaan.
Su'aalaha soo noqnoqda¶
Miyaan wax ka goostaa buur ama kor iyo hoos?¶
Jihada badbaadada leh ayaa gebi ahaanba ka soo horjeeda iyadoo ku xiran haddii aad ku socoto mashiinka gadaashiisa ama aad korkiisa saaran tahay. Mashiinka riixitaanka gadaal-socod, had iyo jeer gow GUDAHA wejiga jiirada (dhinac ilaa dhinac), sababtoo ah haddii aad kor iyo hoos u jarto oo cagahaagu simbiriirixan ugu dul baxaan cawska qoyan, ama waxaad simbiriirixan doontaa cagaha - marka hore waxaad hoos mari doontaa cawska jeexjeexa ee kaa horreeya ama waxaad u jiidi doontaa cawska cagahaaga gadaal. Cagaf-cagaf-cagaf-cawseedka, had iyo jeer si toos ah kor iyo hoosba u gooji jiirada (oo waligaa ha saarin jiirarrada ka talaabsan 15 digrii), sababtoo ah wadista cawska fuushanaa ee dhexe-sare ee dhinaca buurta waxay keenaysaa in ay dhinacaaga kuu soo baxdo.
Waa maxay sababta jeexa-jeexyada eber-rogadka (ZTR) ay aad khatar ugu yihiin meelaha jiirada ah iyo balliyada haynta?¶
Mowers-ka eber-rogadka ah ayaa isteejiya oo bareega gebi ahaantooda dhex mara labada taayir ee hadhidarooliga ah ee gadaale, halka labada taayir ee hore ee yaryari ay yihiin kuwa aan cidhiidhi ahayn, kuwa wax iibinaya oo si xor ah u lulaya. Marka mishiinka jeexa eber-rogmato uu hoos ugu dhaadhaco cirifka cawska qoyan ama u dhawaado banka balliga, miisaanku wuxuu u wareegayaa hore ee shubayaasha hore ee aan cidhiidhiga lahayn oo soo dejinaya taayirrada darawalnimada dambe. Isla marka uu taayirka danbe ku sibto cawska qoyan, mishiinku waxa uu lumiyaa isteerinka iyo bareegga labadaba, isaga oo ku garaacaya 90 digrii oo hoos u dhacaya oo ku dhacaya balliga ama kor u rogaya hawlwadeenka.
Sideen u ilaaliyaa far ama suulka ay ka go'an tahay cawska cawska inta aan u sii socdo isbitaalka?¶
Waligaa si toos ah ha u dhigin far go'an, suulasha, ama nudaha nudaha baraf qaawan, baraf engegan, ama quusin biyaha, sababtoo ah qaboojinta tooska ah waxay baabi'isaa xididdada dhiigga waxayna ka hortagtaa dib-u-qabsiga qalliinka. Taa beddelkeeda, si tartiib ah qaybta go'ay ugu duub faashad nadiif ah oo lagu qooyay milix ama biyo nadiif ah oo nadiif ah, ku xidh gudaha bac-sare oo bac ah oo qallalan oo qallalan, oo ku rid bacda daboolan weel bannaanka ah oo ay ka buuxaan slush baraf la jajabiyey iyo biyo si unuggu u qaboojiyo iyada oo aan baraf lahayn.
Goorma ayaan xidhaa suunka kursiga jeexa ama cagafyada is haysta?¶
Xeerka suunkaagu wuxuu gebi ahaanba ku xidhan yahay haddii mishiinkaagu leeyahay qaab-dhismeed ilaalineed oo toosan (ROPS bar). Haddii mishiinka jeexaagu leeyahay bir ROPS ah oo ku xidhan booska toosan ee kursiga gadaashiisa, waa inaad xidhataa suunkaaga mar kasta si aad ugu dhex jirtid qafiska badbaadada haddii mashiinku duubo. Haddii mishiinka jeexaagu aanu lahayn ROPS, ama haddii aad si ku meel gaadh ah u laalaabtay baarka ROPS, waa inaadan waligaa xidhin suunka, sababtoo ah ku xidhidhiyaha roodhida jeexa ee aan ROPS ka yarayn ayaa laabtaada si toos ah uga hooseysa miisaanka burburinta mishiinka rogmaday.
Ilaha la hubiyay¶
- Komishanka Badbaadada Alaabta Macmiilka (CPSC, Maraykanka): Riding Lawnmower Rollover, Contact Blade, iyo Tuuray Heerarka Ammaanka Shayga (16 CFR Qaybta 1205)
- Akadeemiyada Maraykanka ee Dhakhaatiirta Carruurta (AAP) iyo Akademiyada Maraykanka ee Dhakhaatiirta Lafaha (AAOS): * Bayaanka Siyaasadda iyo Tilmaamaha Caafimaadka ee Ka-hortagga iyo Maareynta Dhaawacyada Lawnmower-ka Carruurta*
- Machadka Qaranka ee Badbaadada Shaqada iyo Caafimaadka (NIOSH / CDC, United States): * Kahortagga jeexjeexyada iyo dhaawacyada isdhaafka ah ee ka yimaada mowers-ka ganacsiga iyo mowers-ka-wareejinta (ROPS iyo dardaaranka fadhiga)*
- Maamulka Sare ee Caafimaadka iyo Badbaadada (HSE, Boqortooyada Ingiriiska): * Isticmaalka Badbaado leh ee Mashiinnada Mashiinnada lagu Jaro Jiirada iyo Koorsooyinka Biyaha u dhow (Xaashida Macluumaadka Beeraha)*
- Xarunta Carruurta ee Johns Hopkins iyo POSNA (Bulshada Lafaha Carruurta ee Waqooyiga Ameerika): Epidemiology, Flora Wasakhda, iyo Hab-raacyada Dib-u-Celinta Qalliinka Yaryar ee Goynta Wareejinta Rotary