NVMe ama SSD waxay si lama filaan ah u galaan habka wax-akhris-kaliya ama way ka lumaan BIOS¶

Si ka duwan dariiqyada adag ee wareegta dhaqameed ee bixiya maalmo dhageysi la maqli karo ama digniino shiidi ka hor intaysan dhiman, casriga NVMe M.2 ama SATA Solid-State Drive (SSD) ku guuldareysta aamusnaanta buuxda gudaha jajab ilbiriqsi. Hal daqiiqo goobtaada shaqada, Laptop-ka, ama server-kaaga ayaa si caadi ah u shaqaynaya; daqiiqadda soo socota, Windows tuuray a WHEA_UNCORRECTABLE_ERROR ama CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED Shaashadda buluuga ah, Linux waxay dib u soo celisaa qaybta xididkaaga sida Read-Only file system (EROFS), ama kombayutarkaagu si toos ah ayuu dib ugu bilaabayaa UEFI/BIOS Setup menu oo muujinaya "Lama helin Aallad Bootable" ama u tusa 2-terabyte SSD-ga 0 MB suunka kantaroolka warshadda (SM2262, PS5018-E18, MN-5236, ama SATAFIRM S11).

Marka SSD si lama filaan ah ugu xirto Habka Akhriska-Kaliya Hardware (Critical Warning: 0x08 ama ay ka lunto Motherboard-ka BIOS ka dib koronto ama kororka kulaylka, ** dib-u-bilaabid kasta, isku dayga CHKDSK, ama daqiiqad-daqiiqad korontadu waxay si joogto ah u burburin kartaa daaqadaada soo hartay si loo badbaadiyo faylashaada ***. Wadadii u dhacay Hardware Read-Only Mode, kontaroolaha SSD waxa uu ku siinayaa ula kac, doon degdeg ah oo hal mar ah si aad xogtaada u koobiyso ka hor inta aanay unugyadu dabin Flash Translation (FTL) ama dabin-jabinta NAND awooddu lumin oo ay ku guuldareystaan ​​inay mar kale bilaabaan.

Hagahan waxa uu bixinayaa kala soocida hardware-ka-tallaabo-tallaabo ah ee ku salaysan NVM Express (NVMe) Tilmaamaha Saldhigga (Qaybta 5.14.1.2 SMART / Bogga Galitaanka Macluumaadka Caafimaadka 02h), INCITS T13 ATA/ATAPI ACS-4 halbeegyada, GNU ddrescue / nvme-cli borotokoolka sawir baadhista, iyo qolalka nadiifka ah ee Flash Translation Layer (FTL) heerarka soo kabashada.

Hadda samee tan¶

Haddii NVMe kaaga ama SATA SSD ay hadda ku xidhan yihiin habka Akhriska-Kaliya, la tuuray wakhtiyada I/O, ama laga waayay BIOS-kaaga:

1. ** HADDII SSD UU HADA KU JIRTO HAB AKHRISO-KALIYA OO UU UU UU UU KA MUUQAAYO OSKAAGA: Dib ha u kicin ama ha xidhin kombayutarka. Marka kantaroolaha NVMe uu dejiyo qalabkiisa Critical Warning xoogaa ilaa 0x08 (Quful kaliya ee akhrin-yar oo aan kacsanayn sababtoo ah baloogyada kaydka ah ee la heli karo ayaa garaacay 0%), shaxda khariidaynta ee **Flash Translation Layer (FTL) ee khariidaynta waxa hadda lagu shubay kaydka DRAM ee SSD ee kacsan ***, taas oo kuu ogolaanaysa inaad akhrido faylashaada hadda. ** Haddii aad dib u bilowdo ama aad damiso PC ***, SSD waa in ay isku daydo in ay dib u soo dejiso oo ay ku dhejiso qalabkeeda hoos u dhacay / FTL ee NAND flash blocks ee duugoobay inta lagu jiro POST, iyo in ka badan boqolkiiba 50 kiisaska, ** SSD waxay si buuxda u dhejin doontaa dib-u-kicinta oo aan waligood ka soo muuqan BIOS mar dambe **. Ku xidh USB-ga adag ee dibadda * hadda inta mishiinku wali shaqaynayo oo koobiy faylalkaaga ugu muhiimsan (Documents, Desktop, cashuurta/faylalka sharciga ah, sawiro, .ssh/furayaasha) isla markiiba. Haddii qalabku xumaado ay ku lug leedahay koronto sigaar cabbin ama khatar dab koronto ah, jar korontada oo wac lambarka degdegga ah ee degaankaaga (911 gudaha Mareykanka iyo Kanada, 112 guud ahaan Midowga Yurub, 999 gudaha Boqortooyada Ingiriiska) ama hubi nambarada degdega ah.
2. Weligaa ha maamulin Daaqadaha chkdsk /f, diskpart clean, fsck, ama MacOS Disk Utility First Aid. Haddii SSD-gaagu ku jiro Habka Akhriska-Kaliya ee Hardware, amarrada qor waa la diiday heerka kantaroolka silikon (Media is write-protected), iyo haddii SSD-gaagu uu ku jiro kaliya * Habka Akhriska-Kaliya Dib u Celinta * sababtoo ah xannibaadyada NAND ee xun, ku qasbaya chkdsk ama fsck In wax lagu qoro bogag guuldarraystay waxay kicin doontaa isla markiiba Xakamaynta Argagaxa SSD (Qaabka Badbaado / BSY Lock) kaas oo leben ku dhejiya wadista ilbiriqsiyo gudahood.
3. **Haddii Windows diido inuu bootiyo sababtoo ah darawalka NVMe wuxuu ku xiran yahay qaabka Akhriska-Kaliya (maxaa yeelay Windows waxay u baahan tahay qoritaanka gelitaanka C:\ si loo bootiyo), isla markiiba ka boot Linux Live USB. INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE or Automatic Repair). Do not keep rebooting Windows. Boot the machine from a SystemRescue or Ubuntu Live USB stick, mount the NTFS/BitLocker partition using the explicit kernel ro,norecovery (akhri-kaliya, majiro joornaal ku celis ah) calamada, oo koobi ka bixi faylashaada si badbaado leh.
4. If the SSD has completely disappeared from the UEFI/BIOS (or shows 0 MB / SATAFIRM S11 / ROM Mode), shut the computer off and check thermal overheating vs FTL desynchronization. High-speed PCIe Gen 4 and Gen 5 NVMe M.2 drives hit controller temperatures above 85 degrees Celsius (185 degrees Fahrenheit) when a thermal pad dries out or a heatsink loosens, causing the ASIC controller to trip an emergency Thermal Shutdown Latch where it disappears from the PCIe bus until cooled down to room temperature (20 degrees Celsius / 68 degrees Fahrenheit).
5. Disable OS TRIM / Discard immediately if imaging a degraded SSD. Never allow an operating system to issue background TRIM (Dataset Management Deallocate) commands while rescuing a failing SSD.

flowchart TD
    A["NVMe M.2 or SATA SSD Crisis Detected"] --> B{"What is the exact symptom right now?"}
    B -->|"1. Drive is visible, but OS says 'Disk is Write-Protected' or 'Read-Only File System'"| C["CRITICAL: Do NOT reboot if data is currently accessible; copy priority files to external USB drive immediately"]
    C --> D["Inspect NVMe SMART Log (`nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0` or CrystalDiskInfo): Check `critical_warning` & `available_spare`"]
    D --> E{"Is NVMe `critical_warning` bit 0x08 set (Hardware Read-Only Lock) OR OS File System Remount?"}
    E -->|"Hardware Read-Only (`0x08` / `Available Spare: 0%`)"| F["Windows won't boot from RO disk: Boot Linux Live USB, mount with `-o ro,norecovery`, and clone with `ddrescue`"]
    E -->|"OS Soft Read-Only (`Dirty Bit` / Windows Fast Startup / Bad Block)"| G["Clear Windows `attributes disk clear readonly` OR mount read-only in Linux and image before NAND controller panics"]
    B -->|"2. SSD suddenly vanished from UEFI BIOS ('No Bootable Device') after crash or power loss"| H{"Is it a SATA SSD or an NVMe M.2 SSD?"}
    H -->|"NVMe M.2 SSD"| I["1. Cool down for 20 mins + point desk fan at M.2 slot<br/>2. Reseat in secondary motherboard M.2 slot or USB-to-NVMe enclosure<br/>3. Perform 1-cycle Power-Only FTL Rebuild (No PCIe reset)"]
    H -->|"SATA 2.5-inch / M.2 SSD"| J["Check if BIOS shows generic factory name (`SATAFIRM S11`, `SM2258AB`, `2.1 MB`)"]
    J -->|"Shows Factory ROM Name or 0 MB"| K["STOP: Controller Firmware / Translator Brick. Send to lab with Ace Lab PC-3000 Portable III"]
    J -->|"Aan la arki karin ka dib lumis koronto lama filaan ah"| L["Samee 30-daqiiqo Awood-Kaliya SATA FTL Hal mar; Haddii aan weli la arki karin, u dir PC-3000 shaybaar"]

Kala-soocidda ogaanshaha: Go'aaminta NVMe SMART Bogga Diiwaangelinta Caafimaadka 02h (Critical Warning xoogaa)¶

Marka NVMe SSD kiciso, uma baahnid inaad qiyaasto inay dhibaatadu tahay cilad diiwaanka Windows fudud ama chip NAND flash ah oo dhimanaya. Wadad kasta oo NVMe ah oo waligiis la dhisay waxa uu fuliyaa heerka NVMe SMART / Bogga Galitaanka Macluumaadka Caafimaadka ( Aqoonsiga Log 02h).

Linux (ama SystemRescue Live USB), ku socodsii amarkan kaliya ee dadban, akhri-kaliya (wuxuu qaataa 0.01 ilbiriqsi wuxuuna culayska eber saarayaa unugyada NAND):

sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0

Isla markiiba u fiirso safka ugu horreeya ee wax soo saarka, critical_warning, oo barbar dhig shaxda rasmiga ah ee NVM Express Specification bitmask hoose:

Raadka 1: Sida looga samatabbixiyo dhammaan faylasha SSD-ga oo ku xidhan Habka Akhriska-Kaliya ee Hardware (0x08)¶

Muxuu kumbuyuutarkaagu si lama filaan ah u diidayaa inuu galo Windows 10, Windows 11, ama macOS marka darawalkaaga NVMe uu xidho Hardware Read-Only Modecritical_warning: 0x08*, oo muxuu darawalku si buuxda ugu muuqdaa mid aan la fuuli karin xitaa marka aad ku xirto kombuyuutar kale sida wadista labaad?

Dabinka "Dirty Journal Replay" (Waa maxay sababta Windows iyo Linux-ka caadiga ah ay u diidayaan inay ku rakibaan SSD-Read-Only)¶

Marka SSD si lama filaan ah ugu dhacdo Habka Akhriska-Kaliya ee Hardware inta nidaamka hawlgalka uu socdo, nidaamka qalliinku wuu burburaa bartamihii qoraalka, taasoo ka tagaysa nidaamka faylka ** Joornaalka Ganacsiga *** ($LogFile on Windows NTFS, joornaalka Linux ext4/XFS, ama barta kontaroolada weelka ee Apple APFS) calaamadeysan "Wasakh" (Xiridda aan nadiif ahayn).

1. Marka xigta oo aad isku daydo in aad bootinta Windows ama ku xidho SSD-ga kombiyuutar kale Windows/Mac/Linux oo aad laba-guji calaamadda wadista, nidaamka hawlgalka ayaa arkaya "Dirty Journal" Calan iyo ** waxay si toos ah isugu dayaan inay "ku celiyaan Joornaalka" iyagoo ku soo qoraya xawaaladdii aan dhammayn ee saxanka *** ka hor intaadan kuu oggolaan inaad aragto faylashaada.
2. Sababtoo ah kontaroolaha SSD wuxuu kuxiran yahay Habka Akhriska-Kaliya Hardware (0x08*, hardware-ga SSD waxa uu diiday in joornaalka-ku-celcelinta qorista amarka leh I/O Write-Protect Error.
3. Nidaamka qalliinka wuu argagaxaa, gabi ahaanba buun buu iska ridaa, wuxuuna kuu sheegayaa in darawalku yahay mid aan la akhrin karin, kharribmay, ama aan la aqoon, inkasta oo boqolkiiba 100 faylashaadu ay si badbaadsan ugu fadhiyaan chips-yada flash-ka.

Tallaabo-tallaabo ah ee dhaafitaanka: Ku-u-qaadista "Dirty" Hardware-kaliya Akhriska SSD ee Linux (ro,norecovery)¶

Si aad uga gudubto nidaamka qalliinka ee ku guuldareystay joornaalka-ku-celcelinta qorista isku dayga oo akhri fayl kasta oo ka baxsan Hardware Read-Only SSD, ka bilow ** Linux Live USB ** (sida **SystemRescue ** ama ** Ubuntu Live ) ama dhig NVMe wadista gudaha USB-C NVMe oo ku lifaaqan mashiinka Linux, una sheeg oo u sheeg darawalka nidaamka faylka si adagnorecovery / noload:

1. Aqoonso magaca qaybinta NVMe ama SATA¶

lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,MODEL,RO /dev/nvme* /dev/sd*

2. Doorashada koowaad (ugu nabdoon): Sawir qaybta ceyriinka ah oo aad la socoto kayd badbaado caafimaad leh ddrescue¶

Kahor intaadan xitaa rakibin nidaamka faylalka, haddii aad haysato darawal dibadda ah oo caafimaad qaba oo leh meel banaan oo ku filan oo lagu rakibay /mnt/backup, xidh qaybta cayriin block-for-block (tan iyo ddrescue u akhriyaa baloogyada cayriin si isdaba joog ah isaga oo aan dan ka lahayn joornaalada nidaamka faylka wasakhaysan):

# Pass 1: Fast sequential clone of the read-only NVMe partition to an image file on your backup drive:
sudo ddrescue -f -n -b 4096 /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt/backup/ssd_rescue.img /mnt/backup/ssd_rescue.map

# Pass 2: Retry any slow or degraded NAND blocks without kernel read-ahead cache:
sudo ddrescue -d -f -r 2 -b 4096 /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt/backup/ssd_rescue.img /mnt/backup/ssd_rescue.map

3. Doorashada labaad (Direct File Extraction): Ku dhaji Hardware Read-Only SSD si toos ah adoo isticmaalaya norecovery¶

Haddii aadan haysan darawal firaaqo ah oo ku filan sawirka diskka buuxa oo aad u baahan tahay inaad nuqul ka sameysid faylal gaar ah si toos ah SSD-ka quful hadda, samee barta buurta (sudo mkdir -p /mnt/ro_ssd) oo u isticmaal nidaamka faylalkaaga habka akhrinta-kaliya ee dib-u-ciyaarista saxda ah:

• ** Qaybta NTFS ee Windows (Caadi, Qarsoon):**

  # Using the modern Linux kernel 'ntfs3' driver or 'ntfs-3g' with 'ro,norecover':
  sudo mount -t ntfs3 -o ro,norecover /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt/ro_ssd
  # OR if using ntfs-3g:
  sudo mount -t ntfs-3g -o ro,norecover /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt/ro_ssd
  

• Qaybta NTFS ee BitLocker-ku-dareersan Windows:

  # Unlock BitLocker in strict Read-Only mode using your 48-digit Recovery Key (via 'dislocker' or 'cryptsetup'):
  sudo mkdir -p /mnt/bitlocker_raw /mnt/ro_ssd
  sudo dislocker -r -V /dev/nvme0n1p3 -p123456-123456-123456-123456-123456-123456-123456-123456 -- /mnt/bitlocker_raw
  sudo mount -t ntfs-3g -o loop,ro,norecover /mnt/bitlocker_raw/dislocker-file /mnt/ro_ssd
  

• (Fiiri hagahayaga BitLocker, FileVault, iyo LUKS soo kabashada sirta haddii aad u baahan tahay in lagaa caawiyo helitaanka furahaaga 48-god ee BitLocker)*
• ** Loogu talagalay Linux ext4 ama XFS ama Btrfs Qayb:**

  # ext4 (uses 'noload' to skip journal replay on read-only hardware):
  sudo mount -t ext4 -o ro,noload /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/ro_ssd
  
  # XFS (uses 'ro,norecovery' to skip dirty log replay):
  sudo mount -t xfs -o ro,norecovery /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/ro_ssd
  
  # Btrfs (uses 'ro,norecovery,rescue=all' to mount degraded/dirty B-trees without writing):
  sudo mount -t btrfs -o ro,norecovery,rescue=all /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/ro_ssd
  

Ka warran haddii SSD-ku aanu ku jirin Hardware 0x08 Quful, oo Windows kaliya ayaa calaamadeeyay "Akhri-Kaliya"?¶

Hadii nvme smart-log / CrystalDiskInfo muujinaysaa critical_warning: 0x00 iyo Available Spare: 100%, Qalabka SSD-gaagu waa caafimaad qaba, Windows-kuna si fudud ayey u dejiyaan Mugga Software/Disk Read-Only Flag (badanaa ka dib shil koronto ama laba-boot). Ka nadiifi calanka software-ka ee ku dhex jira Amarka Maamulaha Windows:

diskpart
DISKPART> list disk
DISKPART> select disk <X>
DISKPART> attributes disk clear readonly
DISKPART> select volume <Y>
DISKPART> attributes volume clear readonly
DISKPART> exit

Raadka 2: Waxa la sameeyo marka NVMe ama SATA SSD ay ka lumaan UEFI / BIOS¶

Ka waran haddii kombayutarkaagu barafoobay, iyo markii aad dib u soo gashay Motherboard-ka UEFI/BIOS Setup (F2 ama Del), booska M.2 ama dekedda SATA ayaa leh " faaruq ah / aan la joogin ", ama waxay muujinaysaa koodka kontoroolka guud ee yaabka leh halkii magaca darawalkaaga?

Tallaabada 1: Hubi saxiixa kontoroolka "Qaabka ROM-ka ee Warshada / Habka Badbaadada".¶

Si dhow u fiirso xariiqda saxda ah ee lagu soo bandhigay liiska kaydinta BIOS, Maamulaha Aaladda Windows, ama Linux lspci / lsusb / dmesg wax soo saarka. Marka microcontroller-ka SSD uusan ku shuban karin Flash Turjumaada Lakabka (FTL) firmware-ka NAND chips inta lagu gudajiro korontadu (sababtoo ah NAND blocks ee aagga firmware-ka), koontarooluhu wuxuu dib ugu soo noqdaa silikoonkiisa gudaha ** Maaskarada Maaskarada ROM / Bootloader Mode ** waxayna ka warbixisaa magaca code-sameeyaha ceyriinka ah iyo awood yar oo been abuur ah:

Tallaabada 2: Qalabka badbaadada leh ee 4 ayaa samatabbixinaya marka darawalka NVMe M.2 uu yahay mid aan la arki karin (Not Present)¶

Haddii darawalkaaga NVMe uusan gabi ahaanba ka soo muuqan BIOS, samee afartan imtixaan jireed oo aan burburin ** sida saxda ah:

1. Tijaabada 1: Dib-u-habaynta Qaboojinta kulaylka iyo Qaboojinta Firfircoon (20-daqiiqo-qabow):
2. Ka saar xadhigga korantada PC-ga ee gidaarka (ama gabi ahaanba xidh laptop-ka) oo u daa in mishiinku si buuxda u fadhiisto tamar la'aan 20 daqiiqo si kontaroolaha NVMe ASIC uu u qaboojiyo ilaa 20 darajo Celsius (68 darajo Fahrenheit).
3. Fur dhinaca kombuutarka, fargareeyaha xawaare sarreeya ee guriga si toos ah usha M.2 NVMe, oo toos ugu shub Linux Live USB. Haddii PMIC (Maareynta Awoodda IC) ee guuldarraysa ama kontaroolaha kulaylka xad-dhaafka ah uu xannibay xidhitaanka kulaylka 85 darajo Celsius (185 darajo Fahrenheit) inta lagu guda jiro boot, hawo qabow ku qarxinta kaarka M.2 ee qaawan waxay had iyo jeer sii haysaa koontarooluhu inuu noolaado muddo dheer oo ku filan ddrescue faylashaada muhiimka ah.
4. ** Tijaabada 2: U dhaqaaq NVMe M.2 Stick galka USB-C 10Gbps NVMe (RTL9210 / JMS583 Biriijka Biriijka):**
5. Muxuu darawalka NVMe ee ka laadlaada Motherboard-kaaga BIOS ee shaashadda astaanta u badiyaa kor u fuula oo wax ku akhriya gudaha $20 USB-C NVMe adabtarada ah?
6. Marka darawalka NVMe si toos ah loogu xidho booska Motherboard-ka PCIe M.2, Motherboard-ka UEFI BIOS wuxuu xoojinayaa tababbarka Xidhiidhka PCIe adag iyo wakhtiga NVMe Admin Queue** (badanaa kaliya 1 ilaa 3 sekan inta lagu jiro POST). Haddii SSD hoos u dhacday ay qaadato 6 ilbiriqsi si ay dib ugu dhisto miiska xannibaadda ee korantada, Motherboard-ka BIOS waxa uu ku dhawaaqay in booska PCIe uu dhintay oo uu gabi ahaanba rido darawalka.
7. Dhigista usha NVMe gudaha xayndaab USB-C ah oo dibadda ah (waxaa ku shaqeeya Realtek RTL9210 ama JMicron JMS583 USB-to-NVMe buundada buundada) waxay ka saartaa dariiqa Motherboard-ka POST, waxay sahaydaa nadiifinta 3.3V marka hore, waxayna kuu oggolaaneysaa inaad fiilada USB-ga ku xirto kombuyuutar Linux ah * ka dib * SSD waxay haysatay 30 ilbiriqsi si ay u bilawdo firmware-keeda.
8. • ( Hubinta Qalabka Muhiimka ah: Markaad ka saarayso usha M.2, ku eeg biinanka cidhifka naxaasta ah ee dahabka leh toosh oo nadiifi oksaydh kasta si tartiib ah 99% isopropyl aalkolada, oo hubi capacitors-ka dhoobada yar ee beige ee u dhow biinanka isku xirka dahabka ah ee M.2 calaamad kasta oo gubatay ama alxanka dillaacsan).*
9. Tijaabada 3: Dami Motherboard-ka VMD/Intel RST RAID Mode iyo PCIe ASPM Power Saving:
10. Haddii BIOS-ku dib u dejiyo batteriga CMOS-kiisa (ama uu cusbooneysiiyey qalabkiisa) isla markaaba ka hor inta aan darawalkaaga NVMe "lumin," geli BIOS Setup oo hubi laba goobood:
    • Intel VMD (Aaladda Maareynta Mugga) / SATA Mode (RAID vs AHCI): Haddii Motherboard-ku uu kala beddelo RAID / Intel VMD ON iyo AHCI / NVMe Direct, Nidaamka hawlgalka (ama liiska boot-ka BIOS) wuxuu isla markiiba ku guuldareysan doonaa inuu arko darawalka ilaa uu dib ugu noqdo qaabkiisii ​​hore.
    • ** PCIe ASPM (Maaraynta Awooda Gobolka ee Firfircoon):** Laptop-yo badan iyo miisas-yada, kontoroolka NVMe ee fashilmay ayaa shil gala mar kasta oo Motherboard-ku uu isku dayo inuu ku rido darawalka xaalad hurdo qoto dheer PS3 / PS4 (APST). Setup BIOS, dhig ** PCIe ASPM = Disabled **, iyo marka la rakibayo Linux si loo samatabbixiyo darawalka NVMe ee qallafsan, ku dheji cabbirkan boot kernel menu GRUB (riix e boot) si ** looga hortago Linux inuu waligii seexiyo koontaroolaha NVMe ama waqti degdeg ah

      nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=0 nvme_core.io_timeout=300 pcie_aspm=off
      

11. ** Tijaabada 4: Wareega Dib-u-dhiska FTL ee La Xakameeyay "Awood-Kaliya"
12. Haddii SATA SSD ama ka weyn NVMe SSD uu lumo isla markiiba ka dib ** mugdi lama filaan ah ama koronto adag ** (oo leh eber calaamado gubasho jireed), joornaalkeeda Lakabka Turjumaada Flash gudaha waxaa laga yaabaa inay xayirto isku day dib u soo kabashada asalka ah kaas oo go'a 3 ilbiriqsi kasta marka Motherboard-kaagu soo diro signalka dib u habeynta baska.
13. Sida loo maamulo hal wareeg oo kaliya oo badbaado leh:
    • ** Wixii 2.5-inji ah SATA SSD:** Ka saar 7-pin cidhiidhi ah SATA Data Cable gabi ahaanba, adigoo ka tagaya ** KALIYA Cable-ka Korontada ee SATA ee 15-pin ah *** ku xiran.
    • ** Wixii loogu talagalay M.2 NVMe SSD:** Geli M.2 SSD gashad USB-C NVMe dibadda ah, oo ku xidh fiilada USB-ga 5V USB Darbiga Taleefanka Taleefanka (kaaso siiya awood 5V/3.3V ah oo saafi ah ** iyada oo aan lahayn wax kombuyuutar ah oo USB ah oo soo diraya amarrada dib u dejinta**).
    • Ku daa SSD ku shaqaynaysa gobolkan awood-kaliya ee aan qasnayn 20 ilaa 30 daqiiqo (ka ilaali marawaxada dusheeda si ay u qabowdo), ka dibna ka saar tamarta 60 ilbiriqsi, dib u xidh xogta, oo halmar ku calaamadee Linuxlsblk / nvme list).
    • Xeerka Joojinta Adag: Haddii uu waduhu dib u soo bixin ka dib hal wareeg oo 20-daqiiqo ah*, Isla markiiba jooji oo fur. Katagitaanka TLC/QLC SSD casri ah oo leh NAND blocks oo xun oo ku shaqeeya saacado waxay kicisaa asalka Ururinta Qashinka kaas oo burburin kara boggaga dib loo soo kaban karo.

Soo kabashada qolka nadiifka ah ee SSD: Muxuu shaybaadhka xirfadlaha ahi samayn karaa marka DIY uu istaago¶

Haddii SSD-gaagu muujiyo 0 MB, SATAFIRM S11, SM2258AB, PS5018, ama si buuxda u dhintay ka dib markii loo raro USB-C deyr dibadda ah, ** Ma jiro software la soo dejisan karo oo dhulka ku yaal oo arki kara wadista ***. Halkaa marka ay marayso, waa in aad dooratid shaybaadhka soo kabashada xogta gaarka ah kaas oo runtii leh ** hardware firmware loaders ** (gaar ahaan ** Ace Lab PC-3000 Portable III / PC-3000 SSD System ***):

1. ** Hagaajinta heerka-wareega ee Capacitor-gaaban / PMIC:** Ku dhawaad 20 boqolkiiba SSD-yada gabi ahaanba dhintay waxay la ildaran yihiin shaandhada shaandhada dhoobada gaaban oo 50-cent ah (VCC3V3 ama VCCQ tareenka korontada) ama eFuse/PMIC chip agtiisa isku xiraha M.2. Farsamo yaqaan ku hoos jira mikroskoob stereo ayaa kapacitor-ga gaaban ku helay kamarad kuleyl wuxuuna ku bedelayaa 15 daqiiqo gudaheed, isagoo soo celinaya 100 boqolkiiba wadista isagoon taaban chips-yada NAND.
2. ** Habka Bootloader-ka ee Tiknoolajiyada (PC-3000):** Iyadoo la gaabinayo labada mikroskoob ** ROM Mode / Boot Jumper pads ** ee SSD PCB inta lagu guda jiro kor u qaadista, shaybaarku wuxuu ku qasbayaa Phison, Silicon Motion, ama Marvell kontoroolka inuu aqbalo warshad gaar ah oo la dhejiyay microcode loader galay SRAM, curyaaminta iyo dib-u-dhiska asalka ah ee qashinka RAM si dhammaan waaxyaha isticmaalaha si nadiif ah loogu sawiro.

Su'aalaha soo noqnoqda¶

Ilaha la hubiyay¶

• Dalada NVM Express: Qaybta Saldhigga NVM Express Rev. 2.0 (Qaybta 5.14.1.2: SMART / Bogga Galitaanka Macluumaadka Caafimaadka 02hDigniinta Khatarta ah ee Bitmask Qeexitaannada 0x01 iyada oo loo marayo 0x10, iyo Codsiga Dhacdada Asynchronous-kaliya Xeerarka Kala-guurka).
• Dukumentiyada Kernel Linuxkernel.org): NVMe Qiyaasta Darawalka (nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=0, nvme_core.io_timeout), NTFS3 / EXT4 / XFS / Btrfs Soo-kabashada-Journal-kaliyaro,norecovery / ro,noload) Tilmaamaha Buurta.
• Mashruuca GNU / Aasaaska Software-ka bilaashka ah: GNU ddrescue Buug-gacmeedka: Heerka xannibaadda ee Aan-burburin ee Warbaahin- Adag-Dawlad-xumo.
• Machadka Qaranka ee Heerarka iyo Tignoolajiyada (NIST, Mareykanka): Daabacaada Gaarka ah ee NIST 800-88 Rev. 1 & Digital Forensics Guidelines on Solid-State Drive Flash Translation Layer (FTL) Habdhaqan.
• Qalabka NVMe ee Isha Furan (linux-nvme/nvme-cli): * Rasmi ah nvme-cli Telemetry iyo Heerarka Baadhista Diiwaanka Caafimaadka*.

Tilmaamaha la xidhiidha¶

• Burburka darawalka adag iyo soo kabashada xogta degdega ah
• Tirtirka faylka shilka ah, wadida qaabaysan, iyo soo kabashada sawir
• BitLocker, FileVault, iyo LUKS sirta soo kabashada furaha qufulka
• NAS iyo RAID array ayaa hoos u dhacay, guul darrida wadista badan, iyo soo kabashada ZFS/Btrfs
• Kombiyuutarka kaydinta: 3-2-1 xeelad iyo soo kabashada musiibada
• Nambarada xaaladaha degdega ah ee caalamiga ah