Dareeraha Xun ama Kiimikada Gargaarka Degdegga ah iyo Waraabka Degdegga ah¶

Weerarka walaxda leh (sida badan loo yaqaan weerarka aashitada, inkastoo dembiilayaasha si isku mid ah u isticmaalaan alkaliska caustic sida nadiifiyaha dareeraha sodium hydroxide, ammonia warshadaha, ama warankiilo guri oo xoog leh) waa xaalad caafimaad oo halis ah nolosha iyo indhaha. Gacan-ku-dhiiglayaashu waxay caadi ahaan ku buufiyaan ama ku buufiyaan dareere wasakhaysan dhalada ciyaaraha-cabitaanka, koob, ama dhalo-squirt oo ku dhejiyaan dhibbanaha wejiga, indhaha, qoorta, iyo laabta inta lagu jiro tuugada waddooyinka, mootooyinka baabuurta la dhaco, ama weerarrada dadka dhexdooda ah. Si ka duwan sida dabka kulaylka ah ee joojiya burburinta unugyada marka uu ololku baxo, aashitada kiimikaad ama alkali waxay sii socotaa gubasho qoto dheer oo qoto dheer iyada oo loo marayo xudunta isha, maqaarka wejiga, carjawda, iyo xididdada dhiigga hal ilbiriqsi kasta waxay ku sii jirtaa jidhka.

Tilmaanta caafimaadka ee Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO), Adeegga Caafimaadka Qaranka (NHS, Boqortooyada Ingiriiska), iyo Ururka Gubashada Mareykanka (ABA, Mareykanka) xarumaha hal sharci oo ka soo horjeeda: ** degdeg ah, ballaaran, si joogto ah loogu qasi karo biyo nadiif ah 60-ka ilbiriqsi ee ugu horreeya gudahooda waa hal go'aamiye in dhibbanuhu uu sii hayo aragiisa oo uu ka fogaado naafanimada wajiga saddexaad ee joogtada ah. Xasuusta saddexda eray ee borotokoolka Adeegyada Dabka iyo Samatabbixinta UK, ** WARBIXIN, KA SAAR, LUQO (ama KA SAAR, KA SAAR, FLUSH)**, waxay u suurtagelisaa dhibbanayaasha iyo kuwa ag taagan inay joojiyaan fal-celinta kiimikada ee waddada ka hor intaanay ambalaansada ugu horreysa iman.

Hadda samee tan¶

Haddii adiga ama qof kuu dhow uu ku rusheeyo dareere looga shakisan yahay daxalka, aashitada, nadiifiyaha nadiifiyaha, ama kiimikooyinka gubanaya ee aan la garanayn hadda, fuli lixdan tallaabo isla markiiba:

1. **Iska saar qofka weerarka soo qaaday oo wac nambarka degdega ah ee deegaankaaga isla markaaba ***: Orod dukaanka furan ee kuugu dhow, makhaayad, baar, kaaliyaha shidaalka, ama guri leh biyaha qasabadda, oo u qayli qof inuu soo waco lambarka degdega ah ee degaankaaga (911 gudaha Mareykanka iyo Kanada, 112 guud ahaan Midowga Yurub, 999 gudaha Boqortooyada Ingiriiska) ama hubi annaga nambarada degdega ah hagaha. U sheeg diraha: "Weerar kiimiko ah oo xun oo wejiga/jirka ah: waxaan isla markiiba u baahannahay Boolis, Dab-demiska, iyo Dhakhaatiirta Caafimaadka."
2. ** Ka tirtir budo kasta oo kiimiko ah oo qalalan KA HOR intaadan biyo ku darin **: Haddii uu weerarku tuuray ** budo qalalan *** (sida lime qalalan, granules lye, ama boodhka sibidhka) halkii dareere ah, isticmaal tuwaal qallalan, shaadhka shaadhka, ama gacan-gacan-gashi si aad u cadaydo dhammaan budada qallalan ee maqaarka iyo dharka * ka hor shubida biyaha, sababtoo ah xaddi yar oo biyo ah ayaa kicinaya. Marka la cadaydo (ama haddii ay horeba dareere ahayd), toos ugu tag biyo aad u weyn.
3. ** Isla markiiba indhaha iyo wejiga ku daadi xaddi badan oo biyo nadiif ah ugu yaraan 20 ilaa 60 daqiiqo ***: Ha sugin in dhakhaatiirta caafimaadka ay bilaabaan dhaqidda. Ku shub biyo dhalada ah, tuubada biyaha tuubada waaskada, madaxa qubeyska, tuubada beerta, ama xataa shaaha/salineed qabow oo nadiif ah (waligaa caano ama soodhaha haddii biyo nadiif ah la gaari karo, hana daahin inaad raadiso "dhexdhexaadiye") si joogto ah wajiga iyo maqaarka gubtay. 30-kii ilbiriqsi kasta oo daahitaan ah waxay u ogolaataa alkali ama aashitada inay soo galaan xudunta isha.
4. ** KA saar dhammaan dharka wasakhaysan, kabaha, saacadaha, iyo dahabka markaad nadiifinayso (Shaararka iska jar, madaxa ha ka bixin)**: Dareere qudhun ah oo lagu qooyay shaadh cudbi ah ama qoortu waxay u shaqaysaa sidii isbuunyo sun ah oo sii guba laabta iyo qoorta. Isticmaalka maqas, mindi, ama dildilaaca tolida, ka jar shaadhka dhibbanaha, rajabeetada, iyo surwaalka halkii aad ka soo jiidi lahayd shaadhka kiimikaad lagu qooyay oo kor loogu qaadayo wajigooda iyo indhahooda. Samatabbixiyeyaashu waa inay gacmahooda ku ilaaliyaan iyagoo isticmaalaya galoofyada nitrile, bacaha, ama maro engegan si ayan u gubin farahooda.
5. ** Farahaaga ku qabo daboolka indhaha ka dibna ka soo rog dhinaca gudaha (dhinaca sanka) dibadda**: Qofka indhaha aashitada ama alkali ku leh waxaa ku dhaca indho-sharaf aad u daran (blepharospasm) kaasoo tuujiya daboolka indhaha, isagoo ku xiraya dareeraha wasakhaysan ee kubbadda isha. Isticmaal suulkaaga iyo farta murdisa si aad si tartiib ah ugu qabato daboolka sare iyo hoose ee indhaha, u janjeeri madaxa dhibbanaha si ** isha dhaawacan ay uga hooseyso isha aan dhaawacan** (sidaa darteed dareeraha kiimikaadku kuma dhaqdo buundada sanka ee isha wanaagsan), oo si joogto ah ugu shub biyo geesta sanka gudaha ee dibadda xagga dhegta.
6. ** Waligaa ha mari kareem, subag, saliid, dawada cadayga, ama dubista soodhaha/khusarka gubasho kiimikaad**: Weligaa ha isku dayin inaad "dhexdhexaad ka dhigtid" aashitada baking soda ama alkali leh khalka maqaarka dadka; Dareen-celinta ka-hortagga aashitada-saldhigga waa ** Exothermic (waxay dhaliyaan kuleyl aad u daran)** kaas oo ku dara gubasho kulayl daran oo korka ka ah gubasha kiimikada. Isticmaal kaliya biyo socda oo qabow oo joogto ah ilaa dhakhaatiirta caafimaadka ay la wareegaan.

Jaantuska socodka jawaabta degdega ah ee werarada xun¶

Raac geedkan tallaabada degdegga ah ee go'aanka caafimaad inta lagu jiro 20 ka daqiiqo ee ugu horreeya ka dib weerarka firirka kiimikada ama aashitada.

flowchart TD
    Attack["Qofka lagu Faafiyey Dareeraha ama Kiimikada laga shakisan yahay inuu wax dabonayo"] --> SafeZone["1. Ka fogow weeraryahan gudaha Dukaan, Makhaayad, ama Guriga kuugu dhow oo leh Biyo socda; Wac 911/112/999"]
    SafeZone --> PowderCheck{"2. Walaxda ma budo qalalan mise dareere qoyan?"}
    PowderCheck -->|"Budada qallalan (Lime, Granules Lye, Sibidh)"| BrushDry["Ku caday budada qalalan Marka hore Maro engegan; Kadibna isla markiiba ku daadi Biyo qulqulaya oo baaxad leh"]
    PowderCheck -->|"Dareere ama jeel qoyan"| StartWater["3. Isla markaaba Wajiga, Indhaha & Maqaarka Biyo Dhalo leh, Tuubo, Qubays, ama Tuubo"]
    BrushDry --> StartWater
    StartWater --> EyeCheck{"4. Indhaha ama wejiga sare miyaa la saydhay?"}
    EyeCheck -->|"Haa: Indhuhu ku lug leeyihiin (Arrimo degdeg ah)"| FlushEyes["Madaxa leexi si isha dhaawacan tahay hoos; Qabo Indhaha Furan; Ka Soo Qulqulaya Geeska Sanka Bannaanka; Ka saar muraayadaha indhaha"]
    EyeCheck -->|"Maya: Maqaarka & Jirka Keliya"| CutClothes["4. Iska jar dharka wasakhaysan, kabaha iyo dahabka markaad biyo raacinayso ( madaxa ha ku jiidin shaadhka)"]
    FlushEyes --> CutClothes
    CutClothes --> NoNeutral["5. WELIGAA HA Marsan Baking Soodhada, Khamriga, Caano, Saliid, ama Baraf; Biyaha si joogto ah u socda"]
    NoNeutral --> Duration["6. Sii wad Waraabka Aan Joogsiga lahayn 20 ilaa 60 Daqiiqo Ilaa Dhakhaatiirta Caafimadka La Wareegayaan Saline & pH Strips"]

Acids vs. Alkalis vs. Irritants waxyeello leh: Sida weerarrada kiimikooyinka waddooyinka u shaqeeyaan¶

Dembiilayaasha weerarrada daxalka ah waxay adeegsadaan afar nooc oo kiimikooyinka guryaha ama warshadaha ah. Halka ** daawaynta degdegga ah ee degdegga ah ee dhammaan dareerayaasha wasakhaysan ay isku mid yihiin ( isla markiiba, qulqulka biyaha weyn) ***, garashada calaamadaha jirku waxay kaa caawinayaan inaad ka warbixiso tafaasiisha muhiimka ah ee shaqaalaha caafimaadka ee imanaya iyo xarumaha xakamaynta sunta.

3-Tallaabo "KA SAAR, KA SAAR, FLUSH" borotokoolka Badbaadinta goob joog¶

Haddi aad aragto weerar dareere ah oo daxalaystay oo ka dhacay jidka laamiga ah, goobta tareenka, ama goobta baabuurta la dhigto, uma baahnid qalab caafimaad si loo badbaadiyo indhaha iyo wejiga dhibbanaha. Waxa aad ku sameyso 45-da ilbiriqsi ee ugu horreysa adigoo wata caagad biyo ah ama saxanka dukaanku waa ka awood badan yahay qalliin kasta oo uu takhtarka qalliinka caaga ahi uu hadhow sameeyo.

Talaabada 1: Ilaali Naftaada Markaad Ku Soo Dhawdahay¶

1. ** Hubi in gacan-ku-dhiiglihii baxsaday**: Ha ku cararin waddada weeraryahan hubaysan oo haysta dhalo furan. Sug ilaa uu gacan-ku-dhiigluhu fuulo ama ka cararo, ama ku jiid dhibbanaha gudaha albaabka dukaanka oo ku xidh gadaashaada.
2. Ka fogow taabashada gacmo qaawan ee meelaha aysiidh-koobantahay:
3. Ha ku jilba joogsan jilbo qaawan oo ku jira barxadaha dareeraha ah ee ku yaal laamiga, hana ku tirtirin wejiga dhibbanaha calaacashaada qaawan.
4. Haddi aanad jeebkaga ku haysan gacmo-gashiyada nitrile-ka, simbiriirix laba bac caag ah oo nadiif ah, bacaha wasakhda eyda, ama tuwaalada saxan qalalan gacmahaaga kor saar intaadan taaban shaadhka qoyan ee dhibbanaha.
5. Waxyar istaag dabaysha sare haddii uumiga kiimikaad muuqda ama uuro ka soo baxayo dharka dhibbanaha.

Talaabada 2: Isha Mug weyn oo Biyo Nadiif ah Isla markiiba¶

• ** Ilbiriqsi 0 ilaa 30 (Briijka Biyaha Dhalada ah)**: Ku qayli qof kasta oo lugaynaya, baaskiil wada, iyo dukaanle dhegta gudaheed: **"Weerarka AACIDKA. KEEN DHAQAALAHA BIYO AH OO AAD HADDA HAYSO." fiirsashada aashitada 90 boqolkiiba marka aad dhibbanaha ku socoto tuubada.
• ** Ilbiriqsi 30 ilaa Daqiiqo 30 (Tusbada Orodka, Qubeyska, ama Tuubada): U hag dhibbanaha isla markiiba meesha ugu dhow ** isha biyaha socda:
• Saxanka jikada makhaayadda oo leh tuubada buufinta oo hoos u soo dhacay.
• Weelka shaambada timaha lagu dhaqo (ku habboon in madaxa dib loo leexiyo oo indhaha iyo wejiga laga dhaqo iyada oo aan la margin dhibbanaha).
• Gym, huteel, ama goob qubeyska la deggan yahay.
• Tuubbada beerta ama dhowr 5-litir (1-gallon) caagado biyo ah oo laga sameeyay dukaanka raashinka ama qaboojiyaha bakhaarka ku habboon.
• ** Kawaran haddii dhab ahaantii biyo eber ah la heli karo 30-ka ilbiriqsi ee ugu horreeya?** Haddii aad ku jirto baabuur ama aad dhigato eber qasabad ama biyo dhalo ah, isticmaal ** cabitaan kasta oo qabow, aan alkohol ahayn, aan daxalka lahayn** la heli karo (sida shaaha qabow ee aan macaanayn, cabitaannada isboortiga, ama xalinta lenska salineed ee cusbada leh) 30-da ilbiriqsi ee ugu horreeya Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka biyaha tuubada la gaari karo, isticmaal kaliya biyo socda oo nadiif ah ama milix nadiif ah; ha ku shubin caanaha gubasho isha kiimikaad ah, sababtoo ah caanuhu waa kuwo aan nadiif ahayn oo waxay sameeyaan curudyo aan muuqan oo aashito ah taas oo qarinaysa aragtida dhakhtarka indhaha ee isha.

Tallaabada 3: Makaanikada Waraabka ee habboon¶

Sida aad u shubayso biyaha ayaa ah inta ugu badan ee biyaha aad shubtay. Xaglaha shubashada xun waxay si lama filaan ah uga dhaqi kartaa aashitada xoogga leh ee qofka foodda ama timaha si toos ah indhahooda ama afkooda oo aan dhaawacmin:

1. Haddii ay kiimikadu ku jirto timaha ama madaxa hore, madaxa u leexi gadaal ama dhinac: Weligaa dhibbanaha ha u istaagin si toos ah oo ha ku shubin baaldi biyo ah xagga sare ee timahooda ay aashitada qooyeen, haddii kale dareeraha sunta ah ayaa si toos ah hoos ugu dul qulquli doona sunnayaasha indhaha iyo afka labadaba. Dhibbanaha ha ku tiirsi madaxiisa ** dhabarka dambe ee saxanka** (sida goobta timaha lagu qurxiyo) ama dhinaca dhabanka gubtay si biyuhu si toos ah ugu dareeraan dhulka.
2. Hadii hal il gubto, madaxa u janjeeri si ISHA DHAAWACAY ay ugu taal gunta hoose:
3. Dhibbanaha ha seexdo ama madaxa dhinac u tii si isha gubtay ugu dhowdahay sagxada isha caafimaadka qabta.
4. Ku shub biyo dabacsan oo joogto ah ** buundada sanka ***, u oggolow inay ku qulqulaan geeska gudaha ee isha gubatay oo dibadda uga daadi macbadka oo dhabannada dhulka.
5. ** Isla markiiba ka saar muraayadaha indhaha ***: Haddii dhibbanuhu xidho muraayadaha indhaha ee jilicsan ama adag, kiimikaadku waxay ku hoos xayiran yihiin muraayadaha caagga ah sida koob nuugid oo ka dhanka ah cornea. Ka dib marka aad biyo raaciso 60 ilbiriqsi, waydii dhibbanaha inuu libiqsado ama ka saaro lensiska xidhiidhka far qoyan oo nadiif ah (ama si toos ah u dhaq ilaa uu muraayadu ka soo baxayo).
6. **Laaci daboolka indhaha (Eversion) haddii qaybo ay jiraan ***: Weydii dhibbanaha inuu kor, hoos, bidix, iyo midig si joogto ah ugu rogo indhuhu inta aad daboolka ka qaadayso qulqulka biyaha hoostooda si biyuhu u soo daadiyaan jeebabka qoto dheer ee hoostooda daboolka sare iyo kuwa hoose (foniyada conjunctival) halkaasoo ay ku dhuuntaan qaybaha caustic.

Ka warqabka wadada difaaca: Sida loo ogaado loogana baxsado gaadmada dareeraha ah ee wasakhaysan¶

Falanqaynta dembiyada ee Xafiiska Arrimaha Gudaha ee Boqortooyada Midowday (UK), Adeegga Bilayska Metropolitan, iyo hay'adaha fulinta sharciga caalamiga ah ayaa daaha ka qaaday in weerarrada walaxda leh ay naadir yihiin si aan kala sooc lahayn. In ka badan 80 boqolkiiba waxay ku dhacaan saddex xaaladood oo la saadaalin karo: ** (1) Kooxaha tuuganimada mootada iyo mootooyinka** iyagoo isticmaalaya dhalo ammonia ah ama nadiifiye nadiifiye ah hub jaban si ay u indho tiraan darawalka, baaskiil wadaha, ama darawalka oo ay xadaan baabuurkooda ama saacadda raaxada; ** (2) Nolosha cawayska, baararka, ama ismaandhaafka wadada *** halkaas oo gardaro uu jeebka jaakada ka soo saaro dhalada cabitaanka ciyaaraha ee qarsoon; iyo (3) Rabshadaha qoyska ee lala beegsaday, daba-galka, ama weerarrada sharafta ku salaysan ee ka dhaca iridda hore ee dhibbanaha ama jidka rakaabka.

Shan calaamadood oo digniin muuqaal ah oo muujinaya in qofku uu sito hub daxalka ah oo qarsoon¶

1. Dhalo Isboorti-Cab ah oo leh Boog-up-Up "Koob Squirt" Lagu Qabo Gacanta Inta lagu jiro iska hor imaadka ***: Dhagar-qabayaashu waxay si xad dhaaf ah u door bidaan 500-mililiitar (16-wiqiyadood) caag caag ah-cabitaan-cabitaan ama caagadaha biyaha baaskiilka oo leh buskii-jiid-jiid squirt (ama lucozade/tamarta cabitaanka dhalooyinka lagu duubo dhalada durdur cidhiidhi ah oo aashito ah 2 ilaa 4 mitir (6.5 ilaa 13 cagood) iyada oo aan ku tufin gacantiisa weerarka.
2. ** Dareeraha Midabaysan, La dhalaaliyay, ama Aan Lahayn ee ku jira Dhalada Cabbitaannada**: Nadiifiyaha dareeraha sulfuric ee xoogga leh wuxuu u muuqdaa mid dhumuc weyn, saliid leh, madow madow, ama huruud ah gudaha dhalo caag ah oo saafi ah, oo had iyo jeer jilcisa ama ka dila dhalooyinka biyaha PET ee khafiifka ah ee kulaylka sare leh.
3. Gac-gashiyada ama Maaskaro Waji oo uu xidho Cimilada diiran ee Lugeeyaha ama Pillion-ka: Dembiilayaasha wata aashitada qiiqa ama alkali uruursan waxay inta badan xidhaan hal gacan galoof/gacmo maqaar ah oo gacantooda tuuraya iyo maaskaro qalliin ama balaclava si ay uga fogaadaan in qiiqa la nuugo ama ay gubaan farahooda.
4. Laba Qof oo Mooto wata ama Mooto Baaskoolad wata oo u dhawaaday Darawalka Joogsada ama Darawalka Mootada: Magaalada tuugada mootooyinka karti u leh, rakaabka kaniiniga dambe ayaa haya dhalada dabaasha halka darawalku uu garab jiidayo mooto taagan, la bedeli karo, ama daaqad baabuur oo iftiin cas ah.
5. ** Koob Furan ama Mug uu Kugu Sido Shisheeyaha Cadhaysan ama Lamaanihii Hore**: Inta lagu guda jiro dood afka ah oo ka baxsan baar, goobta shaqada, ama marinka guriga, qof kasta oo ku soo dhawaada 4 mitir (13 cagood) oo haysta koob kafee warqad furan, galaas, ama tarmuus la'aan iyada oo aan la cabbin waa in loola dhaqmaa sidii khatar dhici karta.

Xeelado ka baxsan jireed oo sax ah 2 ilbiriqsi ka hor inta aan dareeraha la tuurin¶

Haddi aad aragto gardaro kala soo baxay dhalo squirt ama koob furan dib ugu soo celiso inta lagu jiro iska horimaad:

• Wejigaaga ka leexi 180 darajo oo indhahaaga ku duug suxulka qalloocan isla markiiba: Ilaalinta kornehaaga iyo marin-haweedka waxay 100 jeer ka muhiimsan tahay ilaalinta dhabarka jaakadaada ama garabkaaga. Isla markaaba qof dhalo ku tuujiyo ama koob kuu lulo, madaxaaga oo jeexjeexa gabi ahaanba iska fogee, xidhi daboolka indhahaaga, gadhkaaga geli laabtaada, oo cadaadi wejigaaga laabta cududdaada adigoo dhinaca ka soo ordaya. Qaadashada aashitada dhabarka ee jaakad denim ama naylon ah waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad jaakadda ka fujiso laba ilbiriqsi gudaheed iyadoo dhaawac eber ahi soo gaadhay, halka qaadashada isla firirka indhaha furan ay sababi karto indho la'aan joogto ah.
• **Haddii aad raacdo mootada, mootada, ama baaskiilka, koofiyaddaada polycarbonate ku ilaali inay hoos u dhigto taraafikada magaalooyinka ***: Weligaa ha raacin hana istaagin nalalka taraafigga magaalada iyadoo koofiyaddaada koofiyadda oo dhan ay furn tahay. Visor koofiyad polycarbonate ah oo xiran (ama muraayadaha baaskiilka lagu duubo) ayaa xannibaya 100 boqolkiiba qulqulka dhalada-squirt-ka tooska ah ee indhaha; Haddi lagu saydho koofiyadaada xidhan, ha ku rogin muuqalka gacantaada qaawan. Ka fogee qofka weerarka geystay, istaag meel nabdoon, ka fur suunka gadhka, oo koofiyadda oo dhan horay uga sii jiid madaxaaga adigoo indhahaaga xiraya.
• Haddii aad gudaha baabuurka ku jirto, daaqadaha ha ku duubnaadaan nalalka taraafiggu: Sida ku daboolan annaga hagaha difaaca baabuurka, Ku haynta muraayadaha baabuurkaaga ee isgoysyada magaalada waxay si buuxda u jabinaysaa weerarrada mootada-squirt-ka.

Maxaa ka dhacaya ambalaansada iyo isbitaalka: Diphoterine, Morgan Lens, iyo daryeelka Xarunta Gubashada¶

Fahamka sida dhakhaatiirta caafimaadka degdega ah iyo dhakhaatiirta degdegga ah u daaweeyaan gubashada sunta ah waxay kaa caawinaysaa inaad si wax ku ool ah ula shaqeyso inta lagu jiro gaadiidka oo u doodo nadiifinta dhamaystiran:

1. ** Litmus pH Tijaabinta Isha iyo Maqaarka ***:
2. Dhakhaatiirta caafimaadka iyo kalkaaliyayaasha qolka degdega ah waxay isticmaalaan xariijin yaryar oo litmus pH ah oo si tartiib ah loogu riixay jeebka daboolka indhaha hoose (fornix) iyo maqaarka gubtay si loo cabbiro aysidhka ama alkalinity.
3. Ilmada caadiga ah ee bini'aadamka waxay leedahay pH dhexdhexaad ah 7.0 ilaa 7.4. Haddii xariijinta litmus ay ka hoos akhrido 6.5 (asiidh) ama ka sarreeya 7.6 (alkaline, inta badan pH 11 ilaa 14 ka dib weerarka nadiifiyaha nadiifiyaha ah), waraabka ** waa inuu sii socdaa iyada oo aan la joojin ***, mararka qaarkood waxay u baahan tahay 2 ilaa 4 litir (0.5 ilaa 1 gallon) ee cusbada caadiga ah ee nadiifka ah ama isha lactated xalkiiba.
4. **Morgan Lens Waraabka Indhaha ee Joogtada ah ***:
5. Waaxda Gurmadka degdega ah, dhakhtarku waxa uu ku ridi doonaa dhibcaha suuxinta ee kabuubis indhaha ah (sida proparacaine ama tetracaine) si loo joojiyo maqaarka xanuunka leh ee indho-shareer ah, hoosta ka xaaqaya daboolka sare iyo hoose ee daboolka suufka qoyan si looga saaro wax kasta oo ku xayiran lime ama lye particles, iyo geliso **Morgan Lens, balaastig yar oo ku xiran milix nadiif ah oo si tartiib ah ugu dul sabbbaysa kubbadda isha oo si joogto ah u maydhaysa kornea ilaa 30 ilaa 60 daqiiqo ilaa pH caadi noqoto oo ay caadi ahaan joogto 30 daqiiqo ka dib joojinta.
6. ** Xalalka Dhaqitaanka Amphoteric (Diphoterine) ee Qaybaha Dabka/HazMat ***:
7. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah Adeegyada Dabka iyo Samatabbixinta UK, kooxaha ambalaasyada Yurub, iyo qaybaha warshadaha HazMat waxay sitaan nadiifinta amphoteric, hypertonic chelating xalalka (sida Diphoterine) ee daasadaha buufinta iyo dhalooyinka indhaha lagu dhaqo. Si ka duwan baking soda ama khal, molecules amphoteric waxay si tartiib ah u xidhaan labadaba protons acid ($ H ^ + \() iyo alkali hydroxide ions (\) OH ^ - $) iyaga oo aan dhalin wax kuleyl ah, halka cadaadiska hypertonic osmotic ay ka caawiso inay dib u soo celiso ions kiimikaad ee ka soo baxa maqaarka dibadda iyo lakabyada maqaarka. ** Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa inaadan waligaa dib u dhigin waraabka biyaha si aad u sugto Diphoterine ***: ku billow qasabada ama biyaha dhalada ah 10ka ilbiriqsi ee ugu horeeya, una beddel milix nadiif ah ama Diphoterine marka EMS timaado.
8. ** Gudbinta Khaaska ah ee Dhakhtarka Indhaha iyo Xarunta Gubashada Gobolka**:
9. Gubasho kasta oo isha kiimikaad ah waxay u baahan tahay baadhis degdeg ah oo isla maalintaas ah dhakhtarka indhaha** (kaas oo qori kara dhibcaha ascorbate/citrate-ka la mariyo, cycloplegics, cadarka antibiyootiga, ama tallaalada xuubabka amniotic si ay u caawiyaan dib-u-soo-noolaanshaha unugyada tarma ee corneal).
10. Gubashada maqaarka wejiga, luqunta, gacanta, ama aagga weyn ee gubta maqaarka waxaa loo wareejiyaa Xarunta Gubashada Gobolka u khaas ah si loo gooyo taangiyada, tallaalidda, iyo ka hortagga qandaraaska nabarrada.

Digniin gaar ah: Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) iyo Soo-gaadhista Fosfooraska Cad¶

Halka 95 boqolkiiba weerarrada kiimikaad ee waddooyinka ay ku lug leeyihiin sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonia, ama sodium hydroxide nadiifiyaha nadiifiyaha, laba kiimikooyin warshadeed oo gaar ah ayaa sababa ** sunta dilaaga ah ee nidaamka** xitaa ka dillaaca maqaarka yar waxayna u baahan yihiin dawooyin isbitaal oo gaar ah:

Ilaalinta marin-haweedka iyo la socodka shoogga habdhiska ah inta aad sugayso EMS¶

Marka dareere daxalka ah lagu rusheeyo wejiga hoose, afka, ama qoorta, laba xaaladood oo degdeg ah oo caafimaad ayaa ku soo bixi kara 10 ilaa 20 daqiiqo gudahood adiga oo weli waraabinaya maqaarka:

1. ** Bararka Hawo-mareenka Sare (Bararka Laryngeal) iyo Dhaawac Neefsashada**:
2. Haddii dhibbanuhu uu liqo xitaa dhibic dareere ah, uu kiimiko afkiisa ku jiro, ama uu ka neefsado qiiq xooggan oo ka yimaadda nitric/hydrochloric acid ama ammonia warshadaha, xadhkaha codka jilicsan iyo hawo-mareenka sare ayaa si degdeg ah u barari kara.
3. Calaamadaha digniinta ee xiritaanka marin-haweedka ee soo socda: Cod xabeeb ah ama bas ah, dhawaq foori sare leh marka la neefsanayo (** stridor**), qulqulaya ama awood la'aanta in uu liqo candhuufta, bushimaha ama carrabka ku finan, iyo neefta oo ku yaraata.
4. Falka degdega ah: dhibbanaha fadhiisi ** toosan ama u yara tiirso** (Weligaa ha dhigin bukaan qaba kiimiko afka ka soo baxa oo dhabarka si toos ah dhabarka u saarin), waa in la luqluqiyaa oo tufaan biyo qabow oo afka ah si isdaba joog ah ha u cabbin ama ha keenin matag 999 diraya in bukaanku leeyahay stridor/mareenka hawadu gubatay sidaa darteed shaqaale caafimaad oo sare u qaaday waxay keenaan qalab isku xigxiga oo isku xigxiga.
5. **Kahortagga Hypothermia Inta lagu jiro 30-daqiiqo waraabka biyaha ***:
6. Ku qoynta qof weyn ama ilmo tuubo qabow 30 ilaa 45 daqiiqo ka dib marka ay dharka iska jaraan waxay sababi kartaa hypothermia daran, gaar ahaan dibadda marka ay cimilada qabow tahay.
7. ** Waraabka la beegsaday *: Diirada saar qulqulka joogtada ah ee biyaha tuubada qandac ama qabow ** si adag ugu dul saar aagagga jirka ee gubtay (sida wejiga, luqunta, iyo cududda midig) adigoo ku duubaya dhibbanaha lugihiisa aan guban iyo jirkiisa bustayaal qallalan, jaakad, ama bustayaal kulaylka bireed.
8. Weligaa ha ku duubin gubasho kiimiko ah dhogor qallalan ama faashado adag ka hor inta aan waraabka la dhamaystirin:
9. Marka dhakhaatiirta caafimaadka ay yimaadaan ama ka dib 30 ilaa 60 daqiiqo oo biyo qulqulaya oo joogto ah, ku dabool maqaarka waraabka si dabacsan u gubanaya filim jikada caag ah oo nadiif ah oo nadiif ah (oo si qotodheer loogu dhejiyay addinka, waligiis si adag looma duubin sida dalxiiska) ama dhaymo milix qoyan oo nadiif ah. Bal noo arag Gubashada daran iyo hagaha daadinta kiimikada.
10. Ka ilaali weelka kiimikaad ama ka sawir meel fog si aad u Xakamayso Sunta:
11. Haddii qofka weerarka geystay uu koobka, dhalada, ama weelka nadiifiyaha nadiifiyaha dhulka ku tuuray, ha ku qaadin gacmahaaga qaawan. U tilmaan sarkaalka booliiska ah ee ugu horreeya ama ka qaad sawir muuqaal ah oo cad calaamadda si takhaatiirta isbitaallada iyo Xakamaynta Sunta (1-800-222-1222 ee gudaha Mareykanka) ay isla markiiba ogaadaan caanaha kiimikada iyo pH ee saxda ah.

Su'aalaha soo noqnoqda¶

Waa maxay sababta aanan ugu shubin caano, baking soda, ama khal ku shub aashito ama kiimiko guban si aan uga takhaluso?¶

Weligaa ha marin baking soda, khal, liin, ama wax kasta oo dhexdhexaadiye kiimikaad ah aashito ama alkali guba maqaarka ama indhaha dadka. Marka aysiidhku ku darto saldhigga, waxay kicisaa fal-celin kiimikaad ah oo si toos ah ugu sii daaya kulayl daran unuggii horeba u waxyeelloobay, isagoo ku daraya kulayl kulayl daran oo korka ka ah gubashadii kiimikada. Sidoo kale, in caanaha lagu shubo dhaawaca isha kiimikaad ah ayaa dhakhaatiirta indhuhu aad uga niyad jabaan sababta oo ah caanuhu waa kuwo aan nadiif ahayn oo marka lagu qaso aashitada, waxay abuuraan burooyin cad oo cad cad oo kiimikooyin ah ku xidha daboolka indhaha hoostooda, dhakhaatiirtana ka hor istaaga inay arkaan xuubabka. Biyaha qasabka ah ee nadiifka ah, qabow socda ama cusbada nadiifka ah waa daaweynta heerka dahabiga ah ee caalamiga ah.

Intee in le'eg ayaan ku sii wadi karaa in aan maqaarka iyo indhaha biyaha ku nadiifiyo ka dib weerar daxaloobay?¶

Waa inaad ku nadiifisaa gubasho kiimiko ah oo daxalaysa biyo socda oo socda ugu yaraan 20 ilaa 30 daqiiqo gubashada aashitada iyo 30 ilaa 60 daqiiqo ama ka badan gubashada alkali (daadi nadiifiyaha/lye) ama firidh kasta oo indhaha ku lug leh. Ha joojin biyo raacida shan daqiiqo ka dib sababtoo ah maqaarku wuxuu u muuqdaa mid nadiif ah; Kiimikooyinka causticku waxay ku qooyaan lakabyada qoto dheer ee maqaarka iyo kornea waxayna sii wadaan burburinta unugyada ilaa ay dhakhaatiirta caafimaadku yimaadaan oo ay ku xaqiijiyaan litmus pH strips in filimka jeexjeexa iyo maqaarka maqaarku uu ku soo noqday pH dhexdhexaad ah 7.0 ilaa 7.4.

Maxaan sameeyaa haddii aysan jirin saxan ama biyo tuubo meel u dhow marka qof lagu rusheeyo aashitada waddada?¶

Isla markiiba u qayli qof kasta oo ag taagnaa, darawal, iyo dukaanle kasta oo u dhow inuu keeno biyo caagadaha ku jira oo ay ku wataan boorsooyinkooda ama baabuurtooda, oo ku shub biyahaas indhaha iyo wejiga dhibbanaha 15-ka ilbiriqsi ee ugu horreeya gudahooda adigoo ku hagaya dhibbanaha gudaha makhaayadda, dukaanka qaxwaha, goobta timaha, baar, ama guriga si uu u gaaro tuubada saxanka ama qubeyska. Haddii dhab ahaantii eber biyo ah la gaari karo 30-ka ilbiriqsi ee ugu horreeya, isticmaal cabitaan kasta oo qabow, biyo leh, aan khamri ahayn (sida shaaha qabow ama cabitaanka isboortiga) sida buundada degdega ah si aad u milmaan ashitada markaad u ordeyso tuubada ugu dhow.

Sideen uga bixiyaa shaadhka dhibbanaha aashitada qooyay anigoon kiimikadu ku faafin wejigooda ama aan gubayn gacmahayga?¶

Weligaa ha u jiidin funaanad kiimiko- qooyay, funaanad, ama kor ugu labisan madaxa dhibbanaha, sidaad samayn lahayd waxay tirtirtaa aashitada qoyan ee sanka, afka iyo indhaha. Taa baddalkeeda, biyaha dul maro dhibbanaha marka aad isticmaalayso maqas, mindi jeebka, ama aad duminayso tolida kuleelaha si aad dharka uga gooyso kor ilaa hoos, oo sibidhka bacaha, galoofyada nitrile-ka, ama maro qallalan oo qaro weyn gacmahaaga si aadan ugu gudbin haraaga daxalka farahaaga.

Ilaha la hubiyay¶

• ** Adeegga Caafimaadka Qaranka (NHS) iyo Xafiiska Arrimaha Gudaha / Golaha Taliyayaasha Booliiska Qaranka (Boqortooyada Ingiriiska)**: Weerarrada Aysiidhka iyo Walaxda leh: Warbixin, Ka saar, Biyo raaci Hab-maamuuska Gargaarka Degdegga ah iyo Hagidda Hawlgelinta Isbitaalka kahor.
• **Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO) iyo Hay'adda Caalamiga ah ee Ka Hortagga Indho la'aanta (IAPB): Maareynta Degdegga ah ee Gubashada Kiimikada Indhaha iyo Kala Soocidda Weerarrada Khatarta ah.
• ** Ururka Gubashada Maraykanka (ABA) iyo Kulliyada Dhakhaatiirta Maraykanka (ACS, United States) ***: Taageerada Nolosha Gubashada Sare (ABLS) Buugga Bixiyaha: Kiimikada Gubashada, Alkali Liquefaction Necrosis, iyo Maareynta Ashitada Hydrofluoric.
• ** Akademiyada Indhaha ee Maraykanka (AAO, United States) iyo Kuliyadda Royal ee Dhakhaatiirta Indhaha (Boqortooyada Ingiriiska)**: * Tilmaamaha Caafimaad ee Dhaawaca Kiimikada Indhaha ee Ba'an: Waraabka Kooban ee Degdegga ah iyo Xaaqidda Fornix*.
• ** Wakaalada Walxaha Sunta ah iyo Diiwaanka Cudurada (ATSDR / CDC, Mareykanka) **: * Tilmaamaha Maareynta Caafimaadka ee Sodium Hydroxide, Sulfuric Acid, Ammonia, iyo Hydrogen Fluoride.

Tilmaamaha la xidhiidha¶

• Gubashada daran iyo dareeraha kiimikada gargaarka degdegga ah
• Gubashada iyo gubashada gargaarka degdegga ah
• Dhaawaca indhaha, walxaha shisheeye, iyo firirka kiimikada
• Gaasta ilmada, buufinta basbaaska, iyo dadka kiimikaad ah ayaa xakameeya gargaarka degdegga ah
• Dhaca iyo tuuganimada oo la badbaadsho
• Tusaha lambarada degdega ah