Tsi alo Atike Siwo Gblẽna Kpekpeɖeŋunana Gbãtɔ Kple Tsidede Anyi Enumake¶

Nusiwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ƒe amedzidzedze (si woyɔna zi geɖe be acid ƒe amedzidzedze, togbɔ be nuvlowɔlawo zãa alkali siwo gblẽa nu abe sodium hydroxide drain cleaner, dɔwɔƒewo ƒe amonia, alo aƒeme bleach si me wodea amii ene enuenu nenema ke) nye atikewɔwɔ kpata si ate ŋu ade ame ƒe agbe kple nukpɔkpɔ afɔku me. Zi geɖe la, amedzidzelawo ƒua tsi alo ƒua tsi si gblẽa nu le kamedefefewo ƒe ahanono ƒe aŋetu, kplu, alo aŋetu si wotsɔ ƒua gbe ɖe amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe mo, ŋku, kɔ, kple akɔta ne wole adzodada le ablɔdzi, ʋu siwo wotsɔa moped-ʋuwo fiam, alo amedzidzedze le amewo dome. To vovo na dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dzobibi si dzudzɔa lãmenugbagbeviwo tsɔtsrɔ̃ ne dzoa tsi la, atike si nye acid alo alkali yi edzi le bibim ɖe ŋkua ƒe ŋkume, mo ƒe ŋutigbalẽ, ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ, kple ʋukawo me le sɛkɛnd ɖesiaɖe si wòkpɔtɔ le ŋutilãa dzi.

Atikewɔwɔ ŋuti mɔfiame siwo tso Xexeame ƒe Lãmesẽ Habɔbɔ (WHO), Dukɔa ƒe Lãmesẽnyawo Gbɔkpɔha (NHS, United Kingdom), kple Amerikatɔwo ƒe Dzobibi Habɔbɔ (ABA, United States) gbɔ la ku ɖe se ɖeka si ƒo ɖesiaɖe ta ŋu: Tsi dzadzɛ tsɔtsɔ ƒu gbe enumake, gã aɖe, atraɖii le sɛkɛnd 60 gbãtɔwo me nye nu ɖeka kolia si dea dzesi nenye be amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ƒe ŋkuwo gakpɔtɔ le ŋku lém ɖe eŋu eye wòaƒo asa na mo ƒe nɔnɔme si gblẽ le dzidzenu etɔ̃lia nu tegbee. Nya etɔ̃ siwo nye UK Dzotsidɔwɔƒe ƒe ɖoɖo si nye REPORT, REMOVE, RINSE (alo REMOVE, REMOVE, FLUSH) léle ɖe susu me nana be amesiwo ŋu wowɔ nuvevii kple eteƒekpɔlawo te ŋu tɔa atikewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le ablɔdzi ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe hafi dɔnɔdzikpɔʋu gbãtɔ nava.

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Wɔ esia fifia¶

Ne tsi si wosusu be egblẽa nu, aɖi, tsidzɔƒe ŋuti kɔklɔ, alo atike si womenya o si le dzo dam ƒo ɖe wò alo ame aɖe si te ɖe ŋuwò ŋu fifia la, wɔ afɔɖeɖe ade siawo enumake:

1. ÐE ɖokuiwò ɖa le amedzidzela la ŋu eye nàƒo ka na wò nutoa me ƒe xexlẽdzesi kpata enumake: Du yi fiase si le ʋuʋu ɖi, nuɖuɖudzraƒe, ahadzraƒe, mɔ̃memidzraƒe, alo aƒe si te ɖe ŋuwò si me pɔmpi me tsi le, eye nàdo ɣli be ame aɖe naƒo ka na wò nutoa me ƒe xexlẽdzesi kpata (911 le United States kple Canada, 112 le Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ bliboa me, 999 le United Kingdom) alo nàlé ŋku ɖe míaƒe... xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata nyatakakadzraɖoƒe. Gblɔ na ame si ɖoe ɖa be: "Atike siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ƒe amedzidzedze ɖe mo/ŋutilã ŋu: míehiã Kpovitɔwo, Dzotsilawo, kple Dɔnɔdzikpɔlawo enumake."
2. Klɔ atike ƒuƒu ɖesiaɖe HAFI nàtsɔ tsi akpe ɖe eŋu: Ne amedzidzela la tsɔ tu ƒuƒu (abe lime ƒuƒu, lye ƒuƒu, alo siminti ke ene) ƒu gbe tsɔ wu tsi la, zã afɔkpa ƒuƒu, awudziwui ƒe abɔta, alo asi si ŋu asigɛ le nàtsɔ atutu atike ƒuƒu ɖesiaɖe ɖa le ŋutigbalẽ kple awuwo ŋu hafi nàkɔ tsi ɖe eme, elabena tsi sue aɖe koe wɔa dɔ lime ƒuƒu alo lye exothermic dzoxɔxɔ. Ne ènya tsɔ brɔs ɖa ko (alo ne tsie wònye xoxo) la, yi tsikɔklɔ gã aɖe gbɔ tẽ.
3. Klɔ ŋkuwo kple mo enumake kple tsi dzadzɛ gbogbo aɖewo hena miniti 20 va ɖo 60 ya teti: Mègalala be kpekpeɖeŋunalawo nadze tsilele gɔme o. Klɔ tsi si le aŋetu me, pɔmpi me tsi si tso tsinyegoe ƒe pɔmpi me, tsileƒe ƒe ta, abɔ me hose me, alo tii/dze fafɛ dzadzɛ gɔ̃ hã (mègatsɔ notsi alo soda gbeɖe ne tsi dzadzɛ ate ŋu aɖo o, eye mègahe ɖe megbe gbeɖe be yeadi "neutralizer") ɖe mo kple ŋutigbalẽ si fiã la dzi ɣesiaɣi. Sɛkɛnd 30 ɖesiaɖe si wohe ɖe megbe la, alkali alo acid gena ɖe ŋkua ƒe ŋkume.
4. ÐE awu, afɔkpa, gaƒoɖokui, kple atsyɔ̃ɖonu siwo katã me dɔlékuiwo le ɖa esime nèle tsi ƒum (Lã awudziwuiwo, MÈGAHE wo ɖe ta dzi o): Tsi si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu si wotsɔ de kotoklobowu alo kɔla me la wɔa dɔ abe aɖi si me aɖi le ene si yia edzi fiãa akɔta kple kɔ. Zã lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu, hɛ, alo vuvu le eƒe lãgbalẽwo ŋu nàtsɔ lã amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe awudziwui, akɔtaɖonu, kple eƒe afɔkpa tsɔ wu be nàhe T-shirt si me atikewo le la ayi dzi le woƒe mo kple ŋkuwo dzi. Ele be xɔnametɔwo nazã nitrile-asigɛwo, aŋekotokuwo, alo avɔ ƒuƒu atsɔ akpɔ woawo ŋutɔ ƒe asiwo ta ale be woagatɔ dzo woawo ŋutɔ ƒe asibidɛwo o.
5. Lé ŋkume ƒe ŋkume ʋuʋu kple asibidɛwo eye nàkɔe tso dzogoe ememetɔ (ŋɔti ƒe akpa) ayi gota: Ame si ƒe ŋkuwo me acid alo alkali le la xɔa ŋkume ƒe ʋuʋu sesẽ si melɔ̃na o (blepharospasm) si ƒoa ŋkume ƒe ʋuʋu, si léa tsi si gblẽa nu la ɖe ŋkume. Zã wò asibidɛ gã kple asibidɛ si wotsɔ fiaa nu ŋkume blewuu nàtsɔ alé ŋkume ƒe akpa si le etame kple esi le ete la ɖe anyi, nàkɔ amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ƒe ta ale be ŋku si xɔ abi la nabɔbɔ ɖe anyi wu ŋku si mexɔ abi o (ale be atike siwo sina toa ŋɔti ƒe tɔdzisasrãa dzi yia ŋku nyui la me o), eye nàkɔ tsi ɖa atraɖii tso ŋɔti ƒe dzogoe ememetɔ dzi ayi gota ayi to gbɔ.
6. MÈGADE kreme, bɔta, ami, aɖuɖɔ, alo baking soda/vinegar ɖe atike ƒe dzobibi ŋu GBEÐE o: Mègadze agbagba gbeɖe be yeatsɔ baking soda alo alkali si me vinegar awɔ "neutralize" ɖe amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutigbalẽ ŋu o; acid-base neutralization reactions nye exothermic (wowɔa dzoxɔxɔ sesẽ) si tsɔa dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dzobibi sesẽ kpena ɖe atike ƒe dzobibi ŋu. Tsi si le sisim si yia edzi, si fa miamiamia koe nàzã vaseɖe esime kpekpeɖeŋunalawo naxɔ dɔa.

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Corrosive amedzidzedze ƒe nuwɔna kpata ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖi¶

Dze atikewɔnyawo ŋuti nyametsotsoti sia si wɔa nu kabakaba la yome le aɖabaƒoƒo 20 gbãtɔ siwo le atike alo aɖi ƒe sisi ƒe amedzidzedze megbe.

flowchart TD
    Attack["Ame Si Wotsɔ Tsi alo Atike Si Wosusu be Egblẽa Nu Ƒo Ðe Eme"] --> SafeZone["1. Te Amedzidzela Gbɔ Le Fiase, Nuɖuɖudzraƒe, alo Aƒe si te ɖe ŋuwò me kple Tsi si le sisim; Ƒo ka na 911 / 112 / 999"]
    SafeZone --> PowderCheck{"2. Ðe nusi wotsɔ wɔe nye aŋe ƒuƒu loo alo tsi ƒoɖia?"}
    PowderCheck -->|"Aŋe Ƒuƒu (Lime, Lye Granules, Siminti) ."| BrushDry["Tsɔ Avɔ Ƒuƒu Klɔ Atikekui Ƒuƒu Gbãtɔ; Emegbe Tsɔ Tsi Gã Siwo Le Sisim Klɔe Enumake"]
    PowderCheck -->|"Tsi Tsi alo Gel"| StartWater["3. Enumake Tsɔ Tsi si Wotsɔ Aŋetu, Pɔmpi, Tsilele, alo Hose Klɔ Mo, Ŋkuwo & Ŋutilã"]
    BrushDry --> StartWater
    StartWater --> EyeCheck{"4. Ðe ŋkuwo alo mo si le etame la ƒu kplakplakplaa?"}
    EyeCheck -->|"Ẽ: Ŋku Siwo Ŋu Nyawo Le (Nukpɔkpɔ Kpata) ."| FlushEyes["Tilt Head Ale Ŋku Si Xɔ Abi la Le Ðe anyi; Lé Ŋku ƒe Ʋuʋudediwo Ðe Ʋuʋu; Flush Tso ŋɔti ƒe dzogoe dzi yi gota; Ɖe ŋkumeɖobolowo ɖa"]
    EyeCheck -->|"Ao: Ŋutilã & Ŋutilã Ko"| CutClothes["4. Lã Awu, Afɔkpa & Atsyɔ̃ɖonu Siwo Me Ði Le Esi nèle Klɔm (MÈGAHE Awudziwui Ðe Ta Dzi O)"]
    FlushEyes --> CutClothes
    CutClothes --> NoNeutral["5. MÈGADE Baking Soda, Vinegar, Notsi, Ami, alo Tsikpe GBEÐE o; Na Tsi Nanɔ Sisi Madzudzɔmadzudzɔe"]
    NoNeutral --> Duration["6. Yi Tsidede Agble Dzi Madzudzɔmadzudzɔe Aɖabaƒoƒo 20 va ɖo 60 Vaseɖe esime Dɔnɔdzikpɔlawo Naxɔ Dɔa Kple Saline & pH Strips"]

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Acids vs. Alkalis vs. Noxious Iritants: Alesi ablɔdzi atikewo ƒe amedzidzedze wɔa dɔe¶

Ame siwo wɔa amedzidzedze siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu la zãa atike vevi ene siwo wozãna le aƒeme alo dɔwɔƒewo. Togbɔ be kpekpeɖeŋunadɔ gbãtɔ si wowɔna enumake na tsi siwo katã gblẽa nu le ame ŋu la sɔ (tsi si ƒona enumake, si lolo ŋutɔ) hã la, dzesi ŋutɔŋutɔwo nyanya kpena ɖe ŋuwò nègblɔa nyatakaka veviwo tsitotsito na kpekpeɖeŋunalawo kple aɖidzikpɔƒe siwo gbɔna.

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3-Afɔɖeɖe "ÐE, ƉE NU, KƆ" Nukpɔla Xɔname Ðoɖo¶

Ne èkpɔ tsi si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ƒe amedzidzedze le afɔtoƒe, keteke ƒe nuƒolanɔƒe, alo ʋutɔɖoƒe la, mèhiã atikewɔnuwo be woatsɔ axɔ amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe ŋku kple mo o. Nusi nèwɔna le sɛkɛnd 45 gbãtɔwo me kple tsigoe alo fiase me tsinyegoe la ƒe ŋusẽ de ŋgɔ wu amekoko ɖesiaɖe si amekola ate ŋu awɔ emegbe.

Afɔɖeɖe 1: Ta Ðokuiwò Ta Ne Èle Tetem Ðe Eŋu (Zero Secondary Casualties) .¶

1. Kpɔe ɖa be amedzidzela si dzo hã: Mègaƒu du yi amedzidzela si tsɔ tu si lé aŋetu si le ʋuʋu ɖi la ƒe mɔ dzi o. Lala vaseɖe esime amedzidzela la nado gasɔ alo asi, alo nàhe amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ayi fiase aɖe ƒe ʋɔtru me eye nàdoe ɖe megbe.
2. Ƒo asa na asi ƒuƒlu ƒe kadodo kple acid si me wode tsii ƒe tsidzɔƒewo:
3. Mègadze klo kple klo ƒuƒlu le tsi ƒe tsiʋe siwo le mɔdodoa dzi me o, eye mègatsɔ wò asibidɛ ƒuƒlu tutu amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ƒe mo o.
4. Ne atikewɔwɔ ŋuti nitrile asigɛwo mele wò kotoku me o la, tsɔ nuɖuɖukotoku dzadzɛ eve siwo wotsɔ aŋe wɔe, avuwo ƒe gbeɖuɖɔ kotokuwo, alo nuɖaze ƒuƒuwo ƒu gbe ɖe wò asiwo dzi hafi nàka asi amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe awu ʋlaya si xɔ dzo ŋu.
5. Tsi tre vie ya dzi ne atikewo ƒe dzoxɔxɔ alo dzudzɔ si woate ŋu akpɔ la le dodom tso amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe awu me.

Afɔɖeɖe 2: Tsi Dzadzɛ ƒe Agbɔsɔsɔme Gãwo Dzɔtsoƒe Enumake ("Tsi si Wotsɔ Aŋetu Me → Pɔmpi/Hose" Tɔdzisasrã)¶

• Sɛkɛnd 0 va ɖo 30 (Tsi si Wotu ƒe Tɔdzisasrã): Do ɣli na afɔzɔla, gasɔdola, kple fiasetɔ ɖesiaɖe si le to gbɔ be: "ACID ƑE DZEDZE. TSƆ TSI ƑE AKPA ÐEKA SI LE ÈSI FIFIA." Wokɔ tsinono ƒe aŋetu si ƒe kpekpeme nye mililita 500 (16-ounce) gɔ̃ hã ɖe amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe ŋku kple mo si le ʋuʋu ɖi dzi enumake le sɛkɛnd 15 gbãtɔwo me la, enaa aɖi si le eme la dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna alafa memama 90 esime nèle amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la zɔm yina pɔmpi aɖe gbɔ.
• Sɛkɛnd 30 va ɖo Aɖabaƒoƒo 30 (Tsiƒuƒu, Tsilele, alo Hose): Fia mɔ amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii enumake yi tsi si le sisim si te ɖe eŋu wu gbɔ:
• Nuɖuɖudzraƒe aɖe ƒe nuɖaƒe ƒe tsinyegoe si me atike si wotsɔna ƒua gbe ƒe hose si woate ŋu ahe ɖe anyi le.
• Taɖadzraƒe ƒe tsinyegoe (si sɔ nyuie na ta la gbugbɔgakɔ kple ŋkuwo kple mo kɔklɔ evɔ womaƒo ame si ŋu wowɔ nuvevii o).
• Kamedefefewɔƒe, amedzrodzeƒe, alo tsileƒe si me amewo anɔ.
• Abɔ me hose alo tsigoe geɖe siwo ƒe kpekpeme nye lita 5 (galɔn 1) siwo wotsɔ tso nuɖuɖudzraƒe alo fiase si me wodzraa nu tsɛwo le ƒe fafamɔ̃ me.
• Ke ne tsi zero ŋutɔŋutɔ li le sɛkɛnd 30 gbãtɔawo me ɖe? Ne èle ʋu alo ʋutɔɖoƒe si me pɔmpi alo tsigoe me tsi mele o me la, zã nono fafɛ ɖesiaɖe si me aha mele o, si me tsi mele o si li (abe tii fafɛ si me wode nu vivii o, kamedefefe ƒe ahanono, alo dzetsi si wotsɔa ŋkumeɖonu wɔe ene) hena sɛkɛnd 30 gbãtɔwo esime nèle du dzi yina tsi ƒe pɔmpi me. Gake ne wonya ɖo pɔmpi me tsi gbɔ ko la, zã tsi dzadzɛ si le sisim alo dze si me dɔlékui mele o KO; mègakɔ notsi ɖe ŋku ƒe dzobibi me o, elabena notsi menye dɔlékui o eye wòwɔa ami si me mekɔ o si me aɖi le si doa viviti ɖe ŋkudɔdala ƒe nukpɔsusu le ŋkume ƒe ŋkume ŋu.

Afɔɖeɖe 3: Tsidede Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya Nyui (Mɔxexe Ðe "Runoff Cross-Contamination") .¶

Alesi nàkɔ tsiae le vevie abe tsi agbɔsɔsɔme si nèkɔ ɖe eme ene kloe. Dzogoe gbegblẽ siwo me wokɔa aɖi le ate ŋu aklɔ aɖi si me wodea amii le le vo me le ame ƒe ŋgonu alo taɖa me tẽe ɖe eƒe ŋku alo nu si mexɔ abi o ŋu:

1. Ne atike la le FU me alo le ŊGƆ dzi la, trɔ ta ɖe EMEGBE alo AKPAÐEKA: Mègatsi tre ɖe amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ŋu le tsitrenu gbeɖe eye nàkɔ tsi gaze ɖeka ɖe woƒe taɖa si me acid ƒo ɖo la tame o, ne menye nenema o la, aɖi si le sisim la atso woƒe ŋkume tẽe ayi ŋku kple nu siaa me. Na amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la natsɔ woƒe ta megbe ɖe tsiléƒe (abe alesi wòle le ɖawɔƒe ene) alo atsɔe aɖo axadzi ɖe ŋgonu si fiã la gbɔ ale be tsia natso ɖe anyigba tẽ.
2. Ne ŊKU ÐEKA fiã la, trɔ ta ale be ŊKU SI WODE NU VEVI la nanɔ ATEŊU:
3. Na amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la namlɔ anyi alo abɔbɔ ta ɖe axadzi ale be ŋku si fiã la nate ɖe anyigba ŋu wu ŋku si le lãmesẽ me.
4. Klɔ tsi fafɛ si nɔa anyi ɖaa ɖe ŋɔti ƒe tɔdzisasrã dzi, na wòatso ŋku si bi la ƒe dzogoe ememetɔ dzi eye wòaɖe tsi le gota tso gbedoxɔa kple ŋgonu la me ayi anyigba.
5. Ðe ŋkumeɖonuawo ɖa enumake: Ne amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii do ŋkumeɖonu falɛfalɛ alo esi sesẽ la, atike la tsia plastic lens la te abe kplu si wotsɔ noa ŋkume ƒe ŋkumeʋuʋu ene. Ne èklɔe sɛkɛnd 60 vɔ la, bia tso amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la si be wòatsɔ asibidɛ si me tsi le dzadzɛ aʋuʋu ŋkumeɖonua alo atsɔe aƒu gbe (alo aklɔe tẽ vaseɖe esime ŋkumeɖonua natso ado goe).
6. Trɔ ŋkumeʋuʋu (Eversion) ne nusuewo le eme: Bia amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la be wòaʋuʋu eƒe ŋkumeʋuʋu yi dzi, anyi, miame, kple ɖusime ɖaa esime nèle ŋkumeʋuʋuawo lém ɖe tsi ƒe sisi te ale be tsi nakɔ kotoku goglo siwo le ŋkume ƒe akpa si le etame kple ete (the conjunctival fornices) te afisi caustic particles ɣla ɖo.

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Ablɔdzi ŋuti sidzedze si woatsɔ aʋli wo ɖokui ta: Alesi woawɔ akpɔ tsi si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ƒe amedzidzedze ahaƒo asa nɛ¶

Nuvlowɔwɔ ŋuti numekuku si UK Home Office, Dugã me Kpovitɔwo ƒe Dɔwɔƒe, kple dukɔwo dome sedzikpɔlawo wɔ ɖee fia be ƒã hafi atike siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ƒe amedzidzedze dzɔna le vome. Wo dometɔ siwo wu 80 le alafa me dzɔna le nɔnɔme etɔ̃ siwo woate ŋu agblɔ ɖi me: (1) Moped kple dzokeke ƒe adzodada dɔwɔlawo zãa amoniaka alo tsidzɔƒe ŋuti kɔklɔ ƒe aŋetu si wotsɔna ƒua gbe abe aʋawɔnu si mexɔ asi o ene tsɔ gbãa ŋku na sɔdola, gasɔdola, alo ʋukula eye wofi woƒe ʋu alo gaƒoɖokui dzeani la; (2) Zãgbenɔnɔ, ahadzraƒe, alo ablɔdzi nyaʋiʋli ƒe dzidziɖedzi afisi amedzidzela aɖe hea kamedefefe-nono ƒe aŋetu si woɣla tso jaketi ƒe kotoku me; kple (3) Aƒeme ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ si woɖo taɖodzinu na, amedzidzedze, alo amedzidzedze si wotu ɖe bubu dzi le amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe ŋgɔgbe ʋɔtru nu alo mɔzɔla ƒe mɔ dzi.

Nuxlɔ̃amedzesi atɔ̃ siwo wokpɔna be ame aɖe tsɔ aʋawɔnu si woɣla si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ɖe asi¶

1. Kamedefefe-nono ƒe aŋetu si me Pop-Up "Squirt Cap" Le Si Wolé Ðe Asi me Le Dzrewɔwɔ Me: Amedzidzelawo ƒe akpa gãtɔ lɔ̃a 500-mililita (16-ounce) plastic kamedefefe-no alo gasɔ tsi ƒe aŋetu siwo me push-pull squirt nozzle (alo lucozade/energy drink aŋetu siwo me do aɖe le le screw cap la me) elabena ne womimi aŋetu la, aɖi ƒe tɔsisi gbadza aɖe si didi meta 2 va ɖo 4 (afɔ 6.5 va ɖo 13) dona evɔ metsɔa amedzidzela la ŋutɔ ƒe asi ƒua gbe o.
2. Tsi si ƒe amadede trɔ, si ƒo, alo esi womeŋlɔ ɖe edzi o le ahanono ƒe aŋetu me: Zi geɖe la, sulfuric tsidzɔƒe kɔklɔnu si me wode amii la dzena abe ɖe wòle ɣie, ami le eme, aŋutiɖiɖi doviviti, alo ɣie le aŋetu si me kɔ me ene, eye zi geɖe la, enaa PET tsigoe tsɛwo fa alo trɔa wo le dzoxɔxɔ si dona tso dzoxɔxɔ me ta.
3. Asigɛ alo Motsyɔnu Si Afɔzɔla alo Pillion Dola Dona le Yame Dzodzoe: Nuvlowɔla siwo tsɔa aɖi si le dzudzɔ tum alo alkali si me wodea amii la doa asigɛ ɖeka si wotsɔ rababa/lãgbalẽ wɔe ɖe woƒe asi si wotsɔ ƒua gbe dzi kple amekoko ƒe ametakpɔnu alo balaclava zi geɖe be woagagbɔ dzudzɔa alo woatɔ dzo woawo ŋutɔ ƒe asibidɛwo o.
4. Ame Eve Siwo Le Scooter alo Moped Me Tem Ðe Ʋukula alo Dzokekedola Si Tɔtɔ Ŋu: Le adzodada siwo wowɔna le dugãwo me siwo zãa moped-ʋuwo me la, megbe pillion-mɔzɔla léa squirt-tu la ɖe asi esime ʋukulaa hea dzokeke si tɔ, convertible, alo ʋu ƒe fesre si le ʋuʋu ɖi la xa le akaɖi dzĩ aɖe nu.
5. Kplu alo Kplu Si Woʋu Si Amedzro alo Hadɔwɔla Tsãtɔ aɖe tsɔ yi gbɔwò: Ne wole nya hem le nyagbɔgblɔ me le ahadzraƒe, dɔwɔƒe, alo aƒeme ƒe agbo nu godo la, ele be woabu amesiame si ate ɖe eŋu le meta 4 (afɔ 13) me si lé pepa si le ʋuʋu ɖi ƒe kɔfi kplu, kplu, alo dzoxɔxɔnamɔ̃ ɖe asi evɔ meno aha le eme o be enye afɔku si ate ŋu adzɔ be woatsɔ tsi aƒu gbe.

Ŋutilã me sisi ƒe aɖaŋuwo pɛpɛpɛ le sɛkɛnd 2 siwo do ŋgɔ na tsi aɖe tsɔtsɔ ƒu gbe me¶

Ne èkpɔ amedzidzela aɖe wòhe tsi si wotsɔna ƒua tsii alo he kplu si le ʋuʋu ɖi ɖe megbe le dzrewɔwɔ me la:

• Trɔ wò mo ɖa dzidzenu 180 eye nàɖi wò ŋkuwo ɖe wò abɔta si le gbadzaa la me enumake: Wò ** ŋkume kple yaƒoƒomɔ̃** takpɔkpɔ le vevie wu wò jaketi alo abɔta ƒe megbe takpɔkpɔ zi gbɔ zi 100. Enumake ame aɖe mimi aŋetu alo ʋuʋu kplu ɖe gbɔwò, trɔ wò ta kple akɔta keŋkeŋ, bla wò ŋkume, tsɔ wò asike de wò akɔta, eye wòte wò mo ɖe wò alɔnu ƒe gogloƒe esime nèle du dzi le axadzi. Ne ètsɔ acid ƒo ɖe denim alo nylon-wu si le ɣie ƒe megbe la, ana nàte ŋu avuvu jaketi la le sɛkɛnd eve me eye abi aɖeke manɔ ŋuwò o, evɔ ne ètsɔ aɖi ma ke to ŋku siwo le ʋuʋu ɖi dzi la, ate ŋu ana wò ŋku nagbã tegbee.
• Ne èle dzokeke, scooter, alo keke dom la, na wò gakuku ƒe polycarbonate visor nagbã ɖe anyime le dugã me ʋuwo ƒe zɔzɔ me: Mègado alo atɔ ɖe dugã me ʋuwo ƒe akaɖiwo gbɔ gbeɖe eye wò gakuku ƒe ʋuƒo si ƒe mo katã le ʋuʋu ɖi o. Polycarbonate gakuku ƒe nutsyɔnu si wotu (alo gasɔdola ƒe ahuhɔ̃e si woxatsa ɖe eŋu) xea mɔ na tsi si sina toa aŋetu si me tsi sina toa ŋkuwo me tẽ la ƒe alafa memama 100; ne wotsɔe ƒu gbe ɖe wò gakuku ƒe ʋuƒo si wotu dzi la, mègatsɔ wò asi ƒuƒlu trɔ ʋuƒoa ɖe dzi o. He wò ɖa le amedzidzela la ŋu, tɔ ɖe teƒe si le dedie, ɖe asike ƒe ka, eye nàhe gakuku bliboa ayi ŋgɔ le ta dzi esime nèle ŋku lém ɖe eŋu.
• Ne èle ʋu me la, na fesrewo nabla ɖe ʋu ƒe akaɖiwo ŋu: Abe alesi wotsyɔ nu míaƒe... ʋufifi ƒe ametakpɔnufiala, ne èna wò ʋu ƒe fesrewo le dugãwo ƒe mɔdodowo dzi la, eɖua moped-ʋu siwo tsɔa tsi ƒua gbe ƒe amedzidzedzewo dzi keŋkeŋ.

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Nusiwo dzɔna le dɔnɔdzikpɔʋu kple kɔdzi: Diphoterine, Morgan Lens, kple Burn Center ƒe beléle¶

Alesi kpekpeɖeŋunalawo kple atikewɔla siwo kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ daa dzobibi siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu gɔmesese kpena ɖe ŋuwò nèwɔa nu aduadu nyuie le ʋuɖoɖo me eye nèʋlia ɖiƒoƒo ɖa keŋkeŋ ta:

1. Litmus pH Dodokpɔ le Ŋku kple ŋutigbalẽ ŋu:
2. Dɔnɔdzikpɔlawo kple dɔnɔdzikpɔla siwo le xɔ si me wokpɔa dɔnɔwo gbɔ kpata le zãa litmus pH indicator strips sue siwo womi ɖe ŋkume ƒe kotoku si le ete (fornix) kple ŋutigbalẽ si wotɔ la ŋu blewuu tsɔ dzidzea acid alo alkalinity.
3. Amegbetɔ ƒe aɖatsi siwo sɔ ƒe pH si mewɔa akpa aɖeke o nye 7.0 va ɖo 7.4. Ne litmus strip la xlẽ be mede 6.5 (acidic) alo wu 7.6 (alkaline, zi geɖe la, pH nyea 11 va ɖo 14 le tsidzɔƒe-klɔnu ƒe amedzidzedze megbe) la, tsidede ele be woayi edzi madzudzɔ o, ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ebia lita 2 va ɖo 4 (galɔn 0.5 va ɖo 1) si me dɔlékui mele o normal saline alo Lactated Ringer ƒe tsi le ŋku ɖeka dzi.
4. Morgan Lens ƒe Ŋkuwo ƒe Tsidede Anyie:
5. Le Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Nudzɔdzɔ Kpatawo Gbɔ la, ɖɔktaa ade atike siwo naa alɔ̃dɔdɔ ŋkumeʋuʋu (abe proparacaine alo tetracaine ene) be wòatɔ te ŋkume ƒe ʋuʋu si le veve sem la, atsɔ kotoku si me tsi le atutu ŋkume ƒe akpa si le etame kple ete la te be wòaɖe lime alo lye sesẽ ɖesiaɖe si xaxa la ɖa, eye wòade Morgan Lens, si nye plastic contact-lens mɔ̃ sue aɖe si le gbadzaa la eme wotsɔe do ƒome kple dze si me dɔlékui mele o ƒe kotoku si wotsɔa ʋu wɔe si nɔa tsia dzi blewuu ɖe ŋkua tame eye wòklɔa ŋkume ƒe ŋkumeʋuʋu madzudzɔmadzudzɔe aɖabaƒoƒo 30 va ɖo 60 vaseɖe esime pH nasɔ eye wòanɔ abe alesi wòle ene le aɖabaƒoƒo 30 le etɔtrɔ megbe.
6. Amphoteric Klɔƒe ƒe Atikewo (Diphoterine) le Dzo/HazMat Units me:
7. U. To vovo na baking soda alo vinegar la, amphoteric molecules blaa acid protons (\(H^+\)) kple alkali hydroxide ions (\(OH^-\)) siaa blewuu evɔ womewɔa dzoxɔxɔ aɖeke si tso exothermic o, evɔ woƒe hypertonic osmotic pressure kpena ɖe wo ŋu wohea atike ions trɔna doa goe le ŋkume ƒe gotagome kple ŋutigbalẽ ƒe ƒuƒoƒoawo me. Gake mele be nàhe tsidede tsidedee ɖe megbe gbeɖe be nàlala Diphoterine: dze tsilele gɔme kple pɔmpi alo tsigoe me tsi le sɛkɛnd 10 gbãtɔwo me, eye nàtrɔ ɖe saline alo Diphoterine si me dɔlékui mele o ŋu ne EMS va ɖo.
8. Eŋutinunyala bibiwo ƒe dɔdɔ yi Ŋkudɔdala kple Nutome Dzobibi Dɔwɔƒe:
9. Atike ƒe ŋku ƒe dzobibi ɖesiaɖe hiã be ŋkudɔdala (amesi ate ŋu aŋlɔ ascorbate/citrate atike siwo wotsɔna tsia ŋkume, cycloplegics, dɔlékuiwutike ƒe ami, alo amniotic membrane grafts na ame kpata gbemagbe ke ƒe slit-lamp dodokpɔ kpata.
10. Wotsɔa mo, kɔ, asi, alo atike ƒe ŋutigbalẽ ƒe dzobibi goglowo yia Nutome Dzobibi Dɔwɔƒe tɔxɛ aɖe hena tangential excision, grafting, kple scar-contracture mɔxexe.

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Nuxlɔ̃ame tɔxɛ: Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) kple White Phosphorus ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ¶

Togbɔ be ablɔdzi atikewo ƒe amedzidzedze ƒe alafa memama 95 lɔ sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonia, alo sodium hydroxide ƒe tsidzɔƒe ŋuti kɔklɔ ɖe eme hã la, dɔwɔƒewo ƒe atike eve koŋ hea aɖi si wua ame le ɖoɖo nu vɛ tso ŋutigbalẽ ƒe ʋuʋu sue aɖe gɔ̃ hã me eye wòhiã kɔdzi ƒe atike tɔxɛwo:

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Yaƒoƒomɔ̃a takpɔkpɔ kple ŋkuléle ɖe ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe ʋuʋudedi ŋu esime wole EMS lalam¶

Ne wotsɔ tsi si gblẽa nu ƒu gbe ɖe mo, nu, alo kɔ ƒe akpa si le ete la, atikewɔwɔ kpata evelia ate ŋu ado mo ɖa le miniti 10 va ɖo 20 me esime nègale tsi dem ŋutigbalẽa:

1. Yamemɔ si le etame ƒe vuvu (Laryngeal Edema) kple Yagbɔgbɔ ƒe Nuveviwɔame:
2. Ne amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la mi tsi si le eme la ƒe tsi sue aɖe gɔ̃ hã, atike aɖe ge ɖe woƒe nu me, alo wògbɔ dzudzɔ sesẽ si dona tso nitric/hydrochloric acid alo dɔwɔƒewo ƒe amonia si le dzo dam me la, gbeɖiɖika siwo le bɔbɔe kple ya si le etame ate ŋu avuvu kabakaba.
3. Nuxlɔ̃amedzesi siwo fia be yaƒoƒomɔ̃wo tu kpuie: Gbe si le ɖiɖim alo esi le ɣli dom, gbeɖiɖi sesẽ si le ɖiɖim ne wole gbɔgbɔm (stridor), aɖuɖɔ si le dodom alo mate ŋu ami aɖuɖɔ o, ʋuʋudedi le nuyiwo alo aɖe ŋu, kple gbɔgbɔtsixetsixe.
4. Afɔɖeɖe enumake: Na amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii nanɔ anyi tsi tre alo abɔbɔ ɖe ŋgɔ vie (mègamlɔ dɔnɔ si ƒe mo/nu me atikewo biã la ɖe eƒe akɔta gbadzaa gbeɖe o), na wòaklɔ tsi fafɛ ƒe nu me enuenu eye woɖee do goe enuenu (mègana woano tsi alo ana woaɖe ʋuʋudedi gbeɖe o ne womi nusi gblẽa nu le ame ŋu, abe alesi ʋuʋudedi fiãa nuɖuɖutome sɛkɛnd ɖeka ene ɣeyiɣi), eye nàxlɔ̃ nu 911 / 112 / 999 ƒe amedɔdɔa be stridor/yamɔ ƒe dzobibi le dɔnɔa ŋu eyata kpekpeɖeŋunala deŋgɔ aɖe tsɔa mɔ̃ siwo wotsɔna dea ʋu me kabakaba ɖe ɖoɖo nu vɛ.
5. Mɔxexe Ðe Dzoxɔxɔ Gãme Nu Le Tsidede Aɖabaƒoƒo 30 Me:
6. Ne wotsɔ pɔmpi alo hose me tsi fafɛ nyrɔ ame tsitsi alo ɖevi aɖabaƒoƒo 30 va ɖo 45 le woƒe awuwo ɖeɖe vɔ megbe ate ŋu ana dzoxɔxɔ nasẽ ŋutɔ, vevietɔ le gota le yame ƒe fafa me.
7. Tsidede agble si woɖo taɖodzinu na: Lé fɔ ɖe pɔmpi me tsi fafɛ alo fafɛ si nɔa sisim ɖaa ŋuti ŋutilã ƒe akpa siwo wotɔ dzoe (abe mo, kɔ, kple ɖusibɔ ene) esime nèle amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe afɔ kple akɔta si mefiã o la xatsa ɖe avɔ ƒuƒuwo, awudziwuiwo, alo dzoxɔxɔ ƒe avɔ siwo wotsɔ aŋe wɔe me.
8. Mègabla atike si wotɔ dzoe ɖe kotoklobo ƒuƒu alo aŋekotoku sesẽwo me gbeɖe hafi tsidedee nawu enu o:
9. Ne kpekpeɖeŋunalawo nya va ɖo alo le tsi sisi atraɖii aɖabaƒoƒo 30 va ɖo 60 megbe la, tsɔ aŋe si le dzadzɛ si wotsɔa aŋe wɔe le dzodoƒe ƒe cling-film (si wotsɔ mlɔ abɔa ŋu le didime nu, si womexatsa ɖe eŋu sesĩe abe tourniquet ene gbeɖe o) alo dzetsi si me dɔlékui mele o si me tsi le la tsyɔ ŋutigbalẽ ƒe dzobibiawo dzi. Kpɔ míaƒe... dzobibi sesẽwo kple atikewo ƒe tsilele ƒe mɔfiame.
10. Dzra atike ƒe nugoe ɖo alo nàɖe fotoe tso adzɔge hena Aɖidziɖuɖu:
11. Ne amedzidzela la da kplu, aŋetu, alo tsidzɔƒe ƒe nugoe ɖe anyigba la, mègatsɔ wò asi ƒuƒlu fɔe o. Fia asi kpovitɔ gbãtɔ si va alo ɖe foto si me kɔ nyuie si dzi woŋlɔ nu ɖo ale be kɔdzi ɖɔktawo kple Aɖidzikpɔlawo (1-800-222-1222 le United States) nanya atike ƒe mɔnu kple pH tututu enumake.

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Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

Nukatae mele be makɔ notsi, baking soda, alo vinegar ɖe acid alo atike si wotɔ dzoe dzi be wòaɖee ɖa o?¶

Mègatsɔ baking soda, vinegar, lime detsi, alo atike aɖeke si tsia aɖi alo alkali nu ƒe dzobibi si le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutigbalẽ alo ŋku dzi gbeɖe o. Ne aɖi tsaka kple gɔmeɖoanyi la, eʋãa atike si dona le dzoxɔxɔ si le gota si naa dzoxɔxɔ sesẽ aɖe dona ɖe lãkusi si gblẽ xoxo la dzi tẽ, si wɔnɛ be dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dzoxɔxɔ sesẽ aɖe nɔa atike si wotɔ dzoe la tame. Nenema ke ŋkudɔdalawo meɖea dzi le notsi kɔklɔ ɖe ŋku ƒe abi si wotsɔ atike wɔe me vevie o elabena notsi meɖea vi o eye ne wotsakae kple acid, ewɔa protein ɣi siwo me mekɔ o ƒe ƒuƒoƒo siwo léa atikewo ɖe ŋkumeʋuʋu te eye woxea mɔ na ɖɔktawo be woagakpɔ ŋkume ƒe ŋkume ƒe ŋkume o. Tsi si le sisim si le dzadzɛ, si fa miamiamia alo dze si me dɔlékui mele o ye nye atike si wozãna le xexeame katã si sɔ kple sika.

Ɣeyiɣi didi kae wòle be matsɔ tsi aklɔ ŋutigbalẽ kple ŋkuwo le amedzidzedze si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu megbe?¶

Ele be nàtsɔ tsi si le sisim atraɖii aklɔ atike si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu la ɖa aɖabaƒoƒo 20 va ɖo 30 ya teti ne acid fiã eye aɖabaƒoƒo 30 va ɖo 60 alo esi wu nenema ne alkali (drain cleaner/lye) ƒe dzobibi alo tsidzadza ɖesiaɖe si ku ɖe ŋkuawo ŋu. Mègadzudzɔ tsilele le aɖabaƒoƒo atɔ̃ megbe le esi ŋutigbalẽa dzena dzadzɛ ta ko o; atike siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu la nyrɔna ɖe ŋutigbalẽa kple ŋkume ƒe akpa siwo goglo wu me eye woyia edzi le lãmenugbagbeviwo dome gblẽm vaseɖe esime kpekpeɖeŋunalawo va ɖo eye wotsɔa litmus pH-kawo ɖoa kpe edzi be aɖatsi ƒe film kple ŋutigbalẽa ƒe goglome trɔ gbɔ va ɖo pH si medea akpa aɖeke dzi o si nye 7.0 va ɖo 7.4.

Nukae wòle be mawɔ ne tsinyegoe alo pɔmpi me tsi mele teƒe si te ɖe eŋu ne wotsɔ aɖi ƒo ame aɖe ɖe ablɔdzi o?¶

Enumake do ɣli na eteƒekpɔla, ʋukula, kple fiasetɔ ɖesiaɖe si te ɖe ŋuwò be wòatsɔ tsinono si le aŋetu me ɖesiaɖe si le woƒe akplowo alo ʋuwo me vɛ, eye nàkɔ tsi ma ɖe amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ƒe ŋkuwo kple mo dzi le sɛkɛnd 15 gbãtɔawo me esime nèle mɔ fiam amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la le nuɖuɖudzraƒe, kɔfidzraƒe, ɖawɔƒe, ahadzraƒe, alo aƒe si te ɖe ŋuwò wu me be wòaɖo tsinyegoe ƒe pɔmpi alo tsileƒe. Ne tsi zero ŋutɔŋutɔ mate ŋu aɖo le sɛkɛnd 30 gbãtɔawo me o la, zã aha fafɛ ɖesiaɖe si me tsi le, si me aha muame mele o (abe tii fafɛ alo kamedefefenono ene) abe tɔdzisasrã si dzi nàto aɖiɖi acid la enumake esime nèle du dzi yina pɔmpi si te ɖe ŋuwò wu gbɔ.

Aleke mawɔ aɖe amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe awudziwui si me aɖi le evɔ nyemakaka atike la ɖe woƒe mo alo atɔ dzo nye ŋutɔ nye asiwo o?¶

Mègahe T-shirt, awudziwui, alo awu si me atikewo le la yi dzi ɖe amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ƒe ta dzi gbeɖe o, elabena esia wɔwɔ atutu aɖi xɔdzo si le woƒe ŋɔti, nu, kple ŋkuwo dzi. Ke boŋ, na tsi nanɔ sisim ɖe amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii dzi esime nèle lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu, kotoku me hɛ, alo kɔmewua gbãm tsɔ le awua lãm tso etame va se ɖe ete, eye nàtsɔ aŋekotokuwo, nitrile asigɛwo, alo avɔ ƒuƒu ɣi aɖe aƒu gbe ɖe wò ŋutɔ wò asiwo dzi ale be màgatsɔ nusiwo gblẽa nu le eŋu la ade wò asibidɛwo dzi o.

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Wolé ŋku ɖe dzɔtsoƒewo ŋu¶

• Dukɔa ƒe Lãmesẽnyawo Gbɔkpɔha (NHS) kple Aƒeme Dɔwɔƒe / Dukɔa ƒe Kpovitɔwo ƒe Tatɔwo ƒe Aɖaŋuɖoha (United Kingdom): Acid kple Nusiwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ƒe amedzidzedze: Nyatakaka, Ðe, Klɔ Kpekpeɖeŋunana Gbãtɔ ƒe Ðoɖowɔɖi kple Mɔfiame Do Ŋgɔ na Kɔdzidɔwɔwɔ.
• Xexeame ƒe Lãmesẽ Habɔbɔ (WHO) kple Dukɔwo Dome Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Ŋkuʋuʋu Nu (IAPB): Ŋku ƒe Atikewo ƒe Dzobibi kple Amedzidzedze si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ƒe dodokpɔ kpata.
• Amerika Dzobibi Habɔbɔ (ABA) kple Amerika Amekolawo ƒe Kɔledzi (ACS, United States): Advanced Burn Life Support (ABLS) Dɔwɔƒe ƒe Mɔfiamegbalẽ: Atikewo ƒe Dzobibi, Alkali Liquefaction Necrosis, kple Hydrofluoric Acid Dzikpɔkpɔ.
• Amerikatɔwo ƒe Ŋkudɔŋutinunyalawo ƒe Suku (AAO, United States) kple Fiaɖuƒea ƒe Ŋkudɔdalawo ƒe Kɔledzi (United Kingdom): Dɔdaƒe ƒe Mɔfiamewo na Ŋku ƒe Atikewɔwɔ ƒe Nuveviwɔame Sesẽ: Tsidede Agbɔsɔsɔme Enumake Kple Fornix Klɔƒe.
• Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Aɖinuwo Kple Dɔlélewo Ŋlɔɖi (ATSDR / CDC, United States): Atikewɔwɔ Ŋuti Mɔfiamewo na Sodium Hydroxide, Sulfuric Acid, Ammonia, kple Hydrogen Fluoride.

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Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• Dzobibi sesẽwo kple atikewo tsɔtsɔ klɔ lãme na ame ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu gbãtɔ
• Dzobibi kple dzobibi le kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔwo me
• Ŋku ƒe abixɔxɔ, dutanuwo, kple atikewo ƒe sisi
• Aɖatsimɔ̃, atadi si wotsɔna ƒua gbe, kple atikewo tsɔ léa amehawo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔwo nu
• Adzodada kple adzodada ƒe agbetsitsi
• Xexlẽdzesi siwo woŋlɔ ɖe nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo me ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe