Todzidzata, Cougar, Kple Avũ Gãwo ƒe Dodokpɔ: Nusita Wòle Be Nàwɔ Avu Ðe Eŋu Eye Mègafe Kuku Gbeɖe O¶

Todzidzata kpɔkpɔ (Puma concolor, si wogayɔna be cougar, puma, alo panther), jaguar (Panthera onca), alo sisiblisi ( .Panthera pardus) ŋkuléle ɖe ŋuwò tso ʋuƒo alo mɔ aɖe dzi bia be nàtrɔ grizzly bear ƒe dzɔdzɔmeŋutetewo enumake. To vovo na dzata siwo ɖua nusianu siwo xɔa dzo zi geɖe le ametakpɔkpɔ ƒe movidzɔdzɔ ta eye woate ŋu adzo ne èfe fefe kukuwo la, avu gã siwo ɖe wo ɖokui ɖe aga nye lãɖula siwo ɖua lã fũu akpa eye wodzea lã lénuwo dzi. Ne avu gã aɖe le kplɔm alo dze ame dzi la, ebua wò be ènye lã lénu. Duƒuƒu, akɔtadzesi be yeabla afɔkpa alo akɔ ɖevi ɖe dzi, megbedede, alo mlɔ anyi gbadzaa hea amedzidzedze ƒe amedzidzedze kple amedzidzedze ƒe seselelãme si mele lɔlɔ̃nu faa o vɛ si woɖo ɖe vidzidɔ ƒe akɔta kple taɖu ƒe gɔme.

Ne avu gã aɖe ɖu wò alo wò kplɔ̃ɖoƒea me tɔ aɖe, ƒo asike, alo ƒoe la, ƒo ka na wò nutoa me ƒe xexlẽdzesi kpata (911 le United States kple Canada, . 112 le Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔa katã me la, . 999 le United Kingdom), wɔ satellite SOS-kaɖi aɖe (PLB alo Garmin inReach), alo nàlé ŋku ɖe míaƒe xexeame katã ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe si nye xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata ne lãa nya trɔ ɖe megbe eye wole ʋu si dona le eme dzi ɖuɖu wɔm enumake ko. Ne èdi lã lénuwo ƒe dedienɔnɔ si keke ta wu eye nàtsɔe asɔ kple ursidtɔwo ƒe ametakpɔkpɔ la, to eme bear kple gbemelãwo ƒe gododo, . charge ungulate kple gbemelãwo ƒe agbetsitsi, kple ʋu si dona le ame ŋu le megbe kple nuveviwɔame dzi ɖuɖu. Wɔ ɖe nuwɔna ƒe de-escalation, visual deterrence, kple ŋutilã me aʋawɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo le ete dzi.

Wɔ esia fifia¶

1. DZUDZƆ ENƆME EYE MÈGADU GBEÐE O: Tsɔ wò ŋgɔgbe ʋuʋu tsikpe ne èkpɔ cougar, jaguar, alo leopard enumake. Duƒuƒu, duƒuƒu, alo gasɔdodo dzona le duƒuƒu me ʋãa avu ƒe ŋkume-mɔ̃ yometiti ƒe nɔnɔme, le avu si di be yeanya nu tso eŋu ko alo to eme tsã gɔ̃ hã me.
2. LOCK DIRECT EYE CONTACT WITH THE CAT: To vovo na grizzly bears alo aƒeme avu siwo wɔa adã siwo ate ŋu aɖe ŋkuléle ɖe ame ŋu sesĩe gɔme be enye hadomekuxi la, avu siwo le bebem la ɖoa ŋu ɖe lã lénu siwo menya o dzi dzedze ŋu. Ne ètsɔ cougar alo sisiblisi bla ŋku tẽe la, efia be eƒe ametakpɔnu do kpo nu eye be èle klalo be yeaʋli ye ɖokui ta.
3. KPƆ ÐEVI SUESUEWO KPLƆ LÃMELÃWO MELE BE MÈBƆA ALOO MÈTRƆ ÐE NU O: Dze klo ɖeka dzi vaseɖe afisi wòhiã ko esime nèle wò akɔta le tsitrenu eye wò ŋkuwo le avu la ŋu, alo nàna ame tsitsi bubu nakɔ ɖevia tso megbewò. Mègabɔbɔ ɖe ŋgɔ le akɔta gbeɖe o eye nèɖiɖi ta ɖe anyi o, elabena nɔnɔmetata ma srɔ̃a afɔ ene si ƒe afɔkpodzi le lã ɖum eye wòkpea vidzidɔ ƒe kɔ ƒe ʋuʋu.
4. NA WÒ ÐE NU GÃWO KPLE MENYE NU GBÃTƆ O: Tsi tre ɖe agakpe kɔkɔtɔ kekeake dzi alo nàti ati le wò afɔ te enumake, kɔ wò abɔ eveawo ɖe dzi wòkɔ ɖe ta dzi, keke wò jaketi ɖe enu wòkeke abe aʋala ene, alo lé wò todzizɔtiwo kple akɔtagbalẽvi ɖe ta dzi. Avũ gãwo bua akɔnta le afɔku kple teƒeɖoɖo ŋu hafi tia kpo; taɖodzinu si le tsitrenu si ƒe kɔkɔme dzina ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi eve zi ɖeka le tsitrenu la gblẽa woƒe ƒoƒo ƒe akɔntabubu me.
5. ƑO NU KPLE DO DO ŊGƆ LE GBE GBLẼ, DZIDZƆ, SI ÐO ÐE AMEWO ME: Mègado ɣli le vɔvɔ̃ si nu sẽ me o, si ɖi abe lã lénu si le nu xam ƒe ɣlidodo ene o. Do ɣli ɖe sedede siwo me goglo, siwo tso dɔgboa me (NO, . GET BACK, . HEY), ƒoa aluminum-todzizɔtiwo ɖekae hena ga ƒe ɖiɖi, eye wotsɔa kpewo, alɔwo, alo tsigoe siwo yɔ fũu ƒua gbe ɖe avu la gbɔ evɔ womabɔbɔ be woaɖo anyigba o.
6. MÈGAFE KU GBEÐE O - NE KPEKPEÐEŊU DZI LA, ƲU ÐE WÒ AGBE TA: Ne todzidzata, jaguar, alo sisiblisi aɖe ƒu du alo do ka kplii le ŋutilã me la, fefe kuku ana ame natsi dzodzodzoe alo atso vidzidɔa ƒe akɔta. Takpɔ wò kɔ ta kple wò asike si nàtsɔ abla ɖe dzi eye nàtsɔ akplo ƒe ka abla ɖe dzi, eye nàtsɔ todzizɔzɔ ƒe atiwo, kotoku me hɛ, kpewo, wò asibidɛwo, alo tsigoe aƒo avu la ƒe ŋkuwo, ŋɔti, ŋɔti, kple yaƒoƒomɔ̃ ŋu vɔ̃ɖitɔe vaseɖe esime wòaɖe asi le eŋu eye wòasi.

Nyametsotsoti: avu gãwo kpɔkpɔ, wo yometiti, kple ametakpɔnu le amedzidzedze¶

Zã dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti nyametsotsoti sia nàtsɔ axlẽ avu la ƒe ŋutilã ƒe gbe eye nàtia aɖaŋudzedze ƒe dzidziɖedzi ƒe seƒe nyuitɔ:

flowchart TD
    Sight["Kpɔ Todzidzata, Cougar, Jaguar, alo Leopard le Mɔzɔzɔa dzi alo le Asaɖa me"] --> Stop["1. DZUDZƆ ENNUMA: Mègaƒu du, Ƒu du, alo Mègatsɔ Afɔ Adzo O"]
    Stop --> Kids["2. Mo Avũ Dzogoe, Do Ŋku Kakaɖedzi Tsã, Ƒu Ƒuƒoƒo Kpekpeɖeŋu, Kɔ Ðeviwo Kpe Mabɔbɔ O"]
    Kids --> ReadBody{"3. Xlẽ Avũwo ƒe Adzɔge kple Ŋutilã ƒe Gbegbɔgblɔ"}
    ReadBody -->|"Adzɔge (> 50 m / 165 ft), Azɔlizɔzɔ, Asike Yi anyime, Metsɔ ɖeke le eme o"| Distant["ƉOÐO ƑE NUÐEÐEŊUTI KPLEE NUSIWO WOAWƆ: Nɔ ƒuƒoƒo me, yi edzi nànɔ ŋku lém ɖe wò megbe kple afɔti siwo le tsia dzi ŋu, na mɔa, mègakplɔe ɖo o"]
    ReadBody -->|"Edidi meta 20 va ɖo 50 (afɔ 65 va ɖo 165), Ele ŋku lém ɖe eŋu vevie, eƒe towo yi ŋgɔ, bɔbɔ nɔ anyi"| Stalking["NUKPƆKPƆ KPLEE AGBE ƑE ƉEÐEŊU: Ʋu jaketi gbadzaa, kɔ pack ɖe ta dzi, do ɣli kple gbe goglo, tsɔ atiwo ƒo ɣli, trɔ yi megbe blewuu yi dzi alo yi dzi"]
    ReadBody -->|"Klo (< 20 m / 65 ft), Ƒodo si le bɔbɔe, Asike ƒe ʋuʋu, Towo ƒe gbadzaa, ʋuʋu alo ʋuʋu"| PrePounce["AMETAÐOÐO DO ŊGƆ NA ƲUƲU NU KPƆKPƆ: De Bear Spray si didi meta 6 va ɖo 9 (afɔ 20 va ɖo 30), Da Kpewo/Atiwo Siwo Mebɔbɔ O, Brandish Trekking Poles alo Hɛ le Akɔta ƒe Kɔkɔme"]
    PrePounce --> Contact{"4. Ðe Avũa wɔa Kadodo le Ŋutilã mea?"}
    Contact -->|"AO: Avũwo Dzudzɔ Alo Tsina Ðe Eme"| BackOut["Yi edzi nànɔ megbe yim Blewu Esi nèle Dzem Avũ; Mègatrɔ Wò Megbe Gbeɖe O; Ka nya ta tso nukpɔkpɔ ŋu na Tsaɖibɔdzikpɔlawo"]
    Contact -->|"Ẽ: Avũ Tiatia alo Ƒoa Nu"| Fight["ƲU NU KPLE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU: Tsɔ asike de kɔme, na akɔtagbalẽvia nanɔ eŋu be wòakpɔ vidzidɔ ƒe akɔta, tsɔ asibidɛwo, hɛ, atikpowo, alo kpewo de ŋkuwo kple ŋɔti me"]

Akpa 1: Felid ambush biomechanics gɔmesese vs. ursid kple canid nuwɔna¶

Nukatae todzidzatawo, jaguarwo, kple sisiblisiwo wɔa nu ɖe amegbetɔ ƒe nɔnɔme kple ŋkumekpɔkpɔ ŋu le mɔ vovovowo nu ne wotsɔe sɔ kple dzatawo, amegãxiwo, alo gbemelãwo? Agbetsitsi nɔ te ɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple adedada ƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya gɔmesese dzi le ƒome Felidae me.

1. Felid ƒe Vidzidɔ ƒe ɖuɖu kple taɖu ƒe ƒoƒo ƒe Biomechanics¶

To vovo na lãkle siwo dea adelãwo (amegãxiwo, kokloziwo, dingowo) siwo ɖea ɖeɖi le lã gãwo yometiti me le megbe kple axawo ɖuɖu me, alo dzata siwo zãa afɔkpodzi ƒoƒo sesĩe kple aŋe si wogbãna tsɔ ɖea ŋɔdzinu si wosusu be wogblẽna ɖa la, avu gãwo nye amewula siwo nɔa wo ɖokui si pɛpɛpɛ siwo dea adelã bliboe kloe to adzame kple lã ɖeka si metso nya me o:

• Cougars (Puma concolor) kple Akpɔkplɔwo ( .Panthera pardus): Avũ siawo zãa brɔs, kpe gbadzɛwo, alo ati ƒe alɔ siwo le tsia dzi tsɔ zɔa mɔ kpoo vaseɖe esime wodidi tso afisi woɖo taɖodzinua gbɔ meta 5 va ɖo 15 (afɔ 16 va ɖo 50) gbɔ. Woƒua du sesĩe ɖe amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ƒe akɔta kple abɔta si mebɔ o, eye wotsɔa ŋgɔgbevi siwo woƒo ɖe megbe siwo woate ŋu agbugbɔ aƒo la dea trapezius lãmekawo me esime wole woƒe aƒemelãwo ƒe aɖuwo ƒom le vidzidɔa ƒe akɔtaƒuwo dome (C1 be C5) be woatso aklãa, alo abla ɖe yaƒoƒo kple carotid ʋukawo ŋu tso ŋgɔgbe.
• Jaguars (Panthera onca): Jaguar si tso United States kple Mexico ƒe liƒowo dzi to Titina kple Anyiehe Amerika, eye eƒe ɖuɖu ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme sɔ gbɔ wu ne wotsɔe sɔ kple avu gã ɖesiaɖe ƒe ŋutilã, eye zi geɖe la, eɖua to taɖu alo vidzidɔ ƒe akɔta ƒe akpa si le etame ƒe ƒuwo me tẽ.

2. Nusitae Abɔbɔ, Abɔbɔ, alo Duƒuƒu Trɔa "Prey Switch" la.¶

Wotsɔ ka sesẽ bla avu gã aɖe ƒe nukpɔkpɔ ƒe lãkusi be wòade dzesi geometri ƒe dzesi vevi eve: 1. Horizontal Spine Orientation with a Lowered Head: Ne amegbetɔ tsitsi tsi tre ɖe tsitrenu le kɔkɔme meta 1.6 va ɖo 1.9 (afɔ 5 sentimeta 3 va ɖo afɔ 6 kple sentimeta 6) la, míaƒe nɔnɔmetata si le tsitrenu la meɖi tedzigbe si ƒe afɔ ene, gbetedzi si ƒe asike le ɣie, alo alẽ si ƒe dzo gã le o. Zi alesi todzizɔla bɔbɔ ɖe akɔta be yeabla afɔkpa, afɔ kpe, alo atrɔ asi le avu ƒe ka ŋu ko la, woƒe akɔta nɔa tsia dzi eye woƒe kɔ megbe (the nape) nɔa anyigba si didi meta 0.9 va ɖo 1.1 (afɔ 3 va ɖo 3.6) tso anyigba, eye wòsɔ kple gbetedzi si le gbe ɖum. 2. Rapid Tangential alo Receding Motion: Mɔdziduƒulawo, todzikekedolawo, kple ɖevi siwo le sisim la zɔna kabakaba toa avu la ƒe nukpɔkpɔ ƒe akpa si wotsɔa woƒe akɔta trɔna, si hea lã lénuwo yometiti ƒe tsidzadza si le wo ɖokui si vɛ hafi avu la ƒe nuxlɔ̃amedɔwɔƒewo nalé ŋku ɖe eŋu nenye be afɔku le taɖodzinua ŋu.

3. Lã lénu ƒe nuwɔna tsɔtsɔ sɔ kple wo nɔewo: Todzidzata / sisiblisi kple Grizzly Bear kple Black Bear¶

Zã agblemenukuwo tsɔtsɔ sɔ kple wo nɔewo ƒe kplɔ̃ sia le gbedadaƒo nuto siwo me lã lénuwo sɔ gbɔ ɖo afisi cougars, grizzly bears, kple black bears zɔ mɔ ɖeka le:

Akpa 2: Afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe de-escalation kple active deterrence le avu gã aɖe ƒe gododo me¶

Todzidzata alo sisiblisi kpɔkpɔ akpa gãtɔ xɔa sɛkɛnd 30 teti eye wowua enu kple avu la ƒe gege ɖe brɔs la me kpoo. Gake ne avu lé eƒe anyigba, dze yowòme le mɔ aɖe dzi, alo ɖe nɔnɔme si nènɔ do ŋgɔ na amedzidzedze fia la, wò ŋutilã ƒe gbegbɔgblɔe afia nusi ado tso eme.

1. Avũ Gãwo ƒe Dzidziɖedzi ƒe Akpa Atɔ̃awo Xexlẽ¶

Hafi nàwɔ nu la, xlẽ avu la ƒe to, asike, akɔta ƒe kɔkɔme, kple eƒe ŋkume ƒe susu kaba:

1. Akpa 1: Nukpɔkpɔ le vome (> 50 meters / 165 feet):
2. Avũa le tsitrenu alo bɔbɔ nɔ anyi ɖe tsitrenu, eƒe towo fia nu abe alesi wòle ene, eƒe asike ɖe dzi ɖi, le ŋku lém ɖe ŋuwò kpuie hafi le ŋku lém ɖe eŋu.
3. Wò Nuwɔna: Dzudzɔ azɔlizɔzɔ, ƒo wò ƒuƒoƒoa nu ƒu ɖe afisi nàte ŋu alɔ, wò ŋku nanɔ avu la ŋu, ƒo nu sesĩe, eye nàtrɔ ɖe megbe blewuu le mɔa dzi.
4. Afɔɖeɖe 2: Kpekpeɖeŋunana alo eyomedzedze (25 to 50 meters / 80 to 165 feet):
5. Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, cougar nyɔnu siwo si avuvi ɣaɣlawo alo anyigbamama me ŋutsuwo le la sɔ kple todzizɔla to atiwo me meta alafa geɖe, alo avu si metsi o ate ŋu awɔ vɔvɔli na todzizɔla ɖeka.
6. Wò Nuwɔna: Mègayi edzi anɔ zɔzɔm kple wò akɔta o. Dzudzɔ, trɔ be nàdze ŋgɔ avu la tẽ, nàɖe afɔ ɖe anyigba kɔkɔ dzi, keke wò jaketi ɖe enu wòakeke, nàƒo wò todzizɔtiwo ɖe ta dzi, eye nàdo ɣli sesĩe. Zɔ yi megbe alo axadzi ale be màbu ŋkumekpɔkpɔ gbeɖe o.
7. Afɔɖeɖe 3: Dzedzeme Dzedzeme (15 to 30 meters / 50 to 100 feet):
8. Avũa tsɔa eƒe ƒodo ɖiɖina ɖe anyigba, ekekea eƒe kɔ ɖe ŋgɔ, tsɔa ŋkuléle ɖe ŋuwò si meʋuʋuna o, eye wòtsɔa kpe alo brɔs ƒua du yia ŋgɔ ɣesiaɣi si nèɖe ŋku ɖa.
9. Wò Nuwɔna: Da ɖeviwo alo todzizɔla suewo ɖe ame tsitsi kɔkɔtɔwo megbe. Kpa wò atike si wotsɔna ƒua gbe ɖe dzata (EPA-registered 1.34% to 2.0% major capsaicinoids), ɖe wò hɛa alo lé todzizɔtiwo ɖe gota abe akplɔ ene, eye nàtsɔ kpewo, alɔwo, alo tsigoe siwo yɔ fũu aƒu gbe ɖe avu la dzi tẽ.
10. Afɔɖeɖe 4: Do ŋgɔ na Pounce Coil (< 15 meters / 50 feet):
11. Avũa ƒoa eƒe towo ɖe megbe sesĩe ɖe eƒe tagbɔ ŋu, eʋuʋua eƒe asike ƒe nugbɔ tso axa ɖeka yi axa ke, trɔa eƒe megbefɔwo ɖe eƒe akɔta te be wòatsɔ agba ahe, eye wòɖea eƒe aɖuwo ɖe go.
12. Wò Nuwɔna: Titri aɖe le sɛkɛnd ʋɛ aɖewo megbe. Do wò afɔwo ɖe teƒe gbadzaa, na wò akɔtagbalẽvia natsɔ abla wò kɔ, nàɖo wò bear spray la ɖe anyi vie meta 6 va ɖo 9 (afɔ 20 va ɖo 30) le avu la ŋgɔ ale be alilikpo si me afu le la nakɔ ɖe eƒe mo esime wòle ʋuʋum, eye nàdzra ɖo be yeatsɔ yeƒe todzizɔtiwo aƒu gbe ɖe eƒe mo.
13. Afɔɖeɖe 5: Amedzrowo ƒe Dɔmedzoedoname (0 meters):
14. Zi geɖe la, edzɔna nuxlɔ̃ame manɔmee le mɔzɔla alo gasɔdola si tso togbɛ si kɔkɔ alo dzogoe si dzi ŋkuagbãtɔ le dzi. Yi Akpa 3 lia dzi enumake.

2. Ale Si Nàwɔ Afɔ Ðevi Alo Avũ Evɔ Màhe Pounce Adzɔ O¶

Ne èle todzi zɔm kple ɖevi sue alo avu esime todzidzata aɖe do le meta 30 (afɔ 100) me la: - Ame Tsitsi Eve ƒe Akpoxɔnu ƒe Mɔnu: Ame Tsitsi A ɖe afɔ ɖeka yi ŋgɔ, wotua ŋku si megbã o ɖe avu la ŋu, ʋua woƒe awudziwui gbadzaa, eye wòléa todzizɔzɔ ƒe atiwo alo bear spray ɖe dzadzraɖoɖi. Ame tsitsi B tsi tre ɖe Ame Tsitsi A ƒe megbe tẽ eye wòkɔa ɖevia ɖe woƒe akɔta alo abɔta. - The Solo-Adult Vertical Squat: De se na ɖevia le dziɖeɖi me be wòaɖe afɔ ɖe wò afɔ ŋu. Na wò akɔta nanɔ tsitrenu eye wò asike nanɔ dzi eye wò ŋkuwo natsi avu la ŋu, nàbɔbɔ wò klowo le tsitrenu (mègatsɔe aɖo ŋgɔ gbeɖe le akɔta o), nàtsɔ alɔ ɖeka abla ɖevia ƒe akɔta te, eye nàkɔ wo ɖe wò akɔta. - Leashed vs. Off-Leash Dogs: Avũ si me ka mele o si ƒua du yia cougar gbɔ eye emegbe wòƒua du trɔna yia etɔ ƒe afɔwo gbɔ la ahe avu si le ame dzi dzem la ayi mewò tẽ. Yɔ avu la be wòatsɔ afɔkpodzi enumake eye nàtso eƒe ka kpuie esime wòdze ŋgɔ avu la.

3. Ale Si Nàtsɔ Aƒu Kpewo Alo Alé Alɔwo Evɔ Womabɔbɔ O¶

Ne èhiã tu be nàtsɔ aƒo cougar si le stalking eye naneke mele asiwò o: - Mègaɖe wò ŋku ɖa le avu la ŋu gbeɖe alo abɔbɔ ta ɖe ɖia gbɔ gbeɖe o. - He nu kpekpewo do goe tẽ tso wò akplo ƒe axadzikotokuwo alo akɔta ƒe alidziblanu me esime nèle tsitrenu kɔkɔ: ga alo Nalgene tsigoe siwo me wode nuɖuɖui, dɔwɔnu geɖe, tagbɔkaɖi, alo nàɖe alɔ kuku siwo le abe ŋku ene le ati aɖe si le wò abɔta ŋu. - Ne ele be nàfɔ kpewo tso mɔa dzi la, zã klo ɖeka ƒe tsidzadza si le tsitrenu: na wò ta kple akɔta nanɔ tsitrenu wòadze ŋgɔ avu la, da klo ɖeka ɖe anyi kpuie esime nèle anyigba si le wò afɔkpa xa la sem kple asi ɖeka, lé kpe aɖe, eye nàgafɔ tẽe ayi dzi.

Akpa 3: Aʋawɔwɔ le ŋutilã me kple agbetsitsi ƒe aɖaŋuwo ne avu gã aɖe dze wo dzi¶

Ne todzidzata, jaguar, alo sisiblisi ti kpo ɖe dziwò alo ƒo wò ɖe anyi la, wò agbetsitsi nɔ te ɖe nu eve siwo nàtsɔ aɖo nɔƒe gbãtɔ dzi: 1. Wò vidzidɔ ƒe akɔta, yaƒoƒo, kple carotid ʋukawo takpɔkpɔ, kple 2. Vevesese si gbãa ŋku alo gbɔgbɔtsixe nana avu ƒe seselelãme ŋutinuwo.

1. Kɔ Kple Yameʋuɖoɖo ƒe Aʋawɔnuwo ƒe Ðoɖowɔɖi Enumake (The Turtle-Collar Guard) .¶

Dzɔdzɔmeŋutete si le avu ŋue nye be wòatsɔ eƒe aɖuwo abla wò kɔ esime wòtsɔ eƒe megbeƒuwo le wò ƒodo kple ata ƒom: 1. Keep Your Backpack Strapped On: Akplo si me agba le nye ŋutilã ƒe aʋawɔnu si xɔa ame ɖe agbe. Ne cougar ti kpo tso todzizɔla ƒe akɔta tso togbɛ aɖe dzi la, eƒe avuwo ƒe aɖuwo kple ŋgɔgbeƒuwo nyrɔna ɖe lãha la ƒe nutsyɔnu si le etame alo eƒe alɔ̃dɔdɔ me zi geɖe tsɔ wu be woanyrɔna ɖe todzizɔla la ƒe vidzidɔ ƒe akɔtaƒuwo me. 2. Tuck Your Chin Hard Against Your Clavicle and Shrug Your Shoulders: Ne èɖiɖi wò asike ɖe anyi la, tsɔ wò asike da ɖe wò akɔta sesĩe, tsɔ abɔta eveawo yi dzi ɖe wò aɖuƒu ŋu, eye nàtsɔ abɔta ɖeka atso wò ŋɔti dzi. Esia xea dometsotso si le wò tagbɔ kple abɔta dome ale be avu la ƒe aɖuwo mate ŋu axatsa ɖe wò yaƒoƒomɔ̃ alo akɔta o. 3. Never Roll Face-Down Passively: Ne èƒo wò ƒodo kple avu la ɖe wò akɔta la, ƒoe ɖe wò axadzi alo megbe ɖe kpe alo ati ƒe ke dzi ale be avu la nagate ŋu anɔ seke ɖe wò kɔ megbe o, eye nàtsɔ aʋawɔnu aƒoe.

2. Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya ƒe Taɖodzinu Siwo Ŋu Asixɔxɔ Kɔkɔ Le le Avũ Gã Si Dzea Ame Dzi Ŋu¶

Mègagblẽ ŋusẽ ɖe avu gã ƒe abɔta siwo me lãmeka le, akɔtaƒu, alo ŋgonu ƒe taɖugba si le ɣie ŋu kple asibidɛ ƒuƒlu o. Miƒo xɔ ene siawo siwo ŋu woate ŋu adze afɔku le ɖeɖeko:

3. Ƒuƒoƒo Xɔname ƒe Ðoɖo: Nusi Nàwɔ Ne Wodze zɔhɛ alo ɖevi aɖe dzi¶

Ne todzidzata aɖe dze zɔhɛ aɖe dzi le ŋgɔwò tututu la: - MÈGATSƆ ÐE MEGBE HEDO ƔLI TSO Adzɔge o: Do adzɔge enumake eye nàdze avu la dzi ŋutɔŋutɔ. - Bear Spray at Contact Range: Du du va ɖo meta 1.5 va ɖo 3 (afɔ 5 va ɖo 10) eye nàdo dzogoe na nugbɔ la ale be wowóa nadze avu la ƒe mo kple ŋɔti dzi tẽ. Wò zɔhɛ axɔ capsaicin spray le woƒe ŋkuwo me, gake bear spray megblẽa nu le lãmekawo ŋu tegbee o gake cougar ƒe kɔ ɖuɖu ya wua ame le sɛkɛnd 60 va ɖo 120 me. - Ŋusẽ si me kɔ eye wòtoa ta kple akɔta: Ne atike si wotsɔna ƒua gbe mele asiwò o la, fɔ kpe kpekpe aɖe si me asi eve le (5 to 10 kg / 11 to 22 lb) alo atikpo ɣi aɖe eye nàgbãe ɖe avu la ƒe tagbɔ kple akɔta, alo atsɔ todzizɔtiwo ƒe nugbɔ kple hɛwo ade eƒe ŋkuwo me vaseɖe esime wòaɖe asi le eŋu.

Akpa 4: Atikewɔwɔ me vovototodedeameme kple abidzikpɔkpɔ le avu gã aɖe ƒe ƒoƒo vɔ megbe¶

Ne avu la nya ɖe megbe ko la, bu teƒea be enye aɖaŋuɖoɖo ƒe nuto si me afɔku le ŋutɔ kple nuveviwɔame ƒe nɔnɔme kpata si gena ɖe eme siaa.

1. Nukpɔkpɔa ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Enumake + Ʋudodo Dzi Ðuɖu To Aɖaŋuɖoɖo Me (First 3 Minutes) .¶

1. De dɔ asi na Nukpɔla si tsɔ Aʋawɔnuwo (360-Degree Overwatch): Esi ame ɖeka le atike wɔm na amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la, ele be ame evelia natsi tre ɖe wo dzi alé bear spray, kpe, alo aʋawɔnu ɖe asi, anɔ scan wɔm le axa siwo ƒo xlãe kple brɔs ŋu ale be avu la nagate ŋu aƒo xlãe o.
2. Dzudzɔ Ʋukawo ƒe Ʋuʋu Gãwo (Carotid / Jugular / Brachial / Femoral):
3. Afɔ kple afɔ ƒe Ʋu si dona: Ne asike goglowo alo aƒemelãwo ƒe ɖuɖu le alɔ alo afɔ ŋu le ʋu dzĩ si le keklẽm ƒom la, ke tsɔ CoTCCC windlass tourniquet (CAT alo SOFTT-W) Sentimeta 5 va ɖo 8 (inch 2 va ɖo 3) tso abi la tame eye nàtrɔ yaƒoƒomɔ̃a vaseɖe esime ʋu nadzudzɔ.
4. Kɔ / Ʋuʋudedi: Pack ʋu si tsia ʋu ƒe sisi (QuikClot Combat Gauze / . Celox) alo gaze si me dɔlékui mele o nàtsɔ abla kɔa ƒe abi ƒe do me sesĩe to wò asibidɛwo zazã me, tsɔ nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ tẽ tẽe ƒoe ɖe eme yi ɖe eme ɖo ta vidzidɔa ƒe akɔtaƒuwo gbɔ (si didi tso yaƒoƒomɔ̃a gbɔ), eye nàtsɔ nuveviwɔame ƒe atike si woxatsa tso kɔa ƒe akpa si xɔ abi le abɔta si tsi tre ɖe eŋu te ablae nyuie (figure-of-eight axillary wrap).
5. Lé Asi ƒe Vidzidɔ ƒe Akɔta ƒe Liƒolili me Ðe asi:
6. Ele be woabu amesiame si tsi agbe si ƒe kɔ ƒe megbe ɖuɖu ƒe dzesiwo, kɔ ƒe vevesese sesẽ, alo abɔ kple afɔ ƒe ʋuʋu be vidzidɔ ƒe akɔta ƒe gbagbã si meli ke o le eŋu. Na woƒe ta kple kɔ nasɔ ɖe wo nɔewo nu le nɔnɔme si me womedea akpa aɖeke dzi le o me.
7. Kpɔe ɖa be Abi le Akɔta Nomi (Open Pneumothorax):
8. Avũwo ƒe dodo goglo alo asikewo ƒoƒo ɖe akɔta alo akɔta ƒe akpa si le etame ate ŋu ado do ɖe ʋuka me. Ne ya le ƒoƒom to akɔta ƒe abi me la, tsɔ akɔta ƒe nutrenu si me ya le (HyFin Vent) alo axa 3 ƒe nutsyɔnu si xea mɔ na ame.

2. Lãwo ƒe Dɔlékui Siwo Le Afɔku Gã Me Tso Felid Bites (Pasteurella, . Bartonella, kple Rabies) .¶

Avũ gã aɖe ƒe aɖu didiwo wɔa dɔ abe aŋe siwo le lãkusi me ene, eye wodoa nu me dɔlékuiwo ɖe lãkusi ƒe akɔta, ƒunukpeƒe, kple ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ me goglo:

• Pasteurella multocida kple Polymicrobial Sepsis: Enɔa gbemelã siwo wu 75 va ɖo 90 le alafa me me, ewɔa cellulitis si kaka kabakaba, tsi si me ʋuʋudedi le, vevesese si le ƒoƒom, kple septicemia le gaƒoƒo 6 va ɖo 12 me tso esime woɖui.
• Abiwo ƒe Tsidede Anyigbamama ƒe Ðoɖowɔɖi:
• Ne wonya kpɔ ʋuka gãwo ƒe dodo dzi ko la, tsɔ tsi nyui si woate ŋu ano mililita 500 va ɖo 1,000 de tsi asike ƒe ʋuʋudedi siwo me goglo o kple esiwo le ʋuʋu ɖi me le nyaƒoɖeamenu me to tsidede agble ƒe atikekui alo aŋetu si wotsɔna ƒoa tsii zazã me.
• MÈGAtsɔ aŋe, atre, alo kpakpaluʋui ƒe abi si wotu ɖe avu ƒe ɖuɖu ƒe abi si wotu le gbedadaƒo dzi sesĩe GBEÐE o: Ne wotre avu ƒe do goglo aɖe nu la léa dɔlékui siwo me ya mele o (Clostridium, Bacteroides) kple Pasteurella ɖe fascia goglo la me. Tsɔ gaze si me dɔlékui mele o tsyɔ edzi nyuie eye nàɖee le eme be amekoko naɖee, amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin), tetanus-dɔlékuiwutike, kple Rabies ƒe Mɔxexeɖedɔléle Nu Megbe (PEP).

Akpa 5: Xexeame katã ƒe avu gã ƒomeviwo tsɔtsɔ sɔ kple wo nɔewo (Amerika, Afrika, kple Asia) .¶

Togbɔ be se vevitɔ (Never Run, Lock Eyes, Stand Tall, Fight Back) wɔa dɔ le felid siwo katã le kplɔm le xexeame katã hã la, ele be todzizɔlawo nanya nutome ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe ƒe nuwɔna tɔxɛwo:

Nutome ƒe xexlẽdzesi siwo ku ɖe nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo ŋu kple dɔwɔƒea ƒe ɖoɖowo¶

Ne ènya le dedie eye woɖo ƒuƒoƒo ƒe dedienɔnɔ anyi ko la, gblɔ avu gãwo ƒe amedzidzedze alo amedzidzedze sesẽwo katã na amedɔdɔ kpata kple nutome gbemelãwo dzikpɔha:

• United States kple Canada: Yɔ 911 enumake hena atikewɔwɔ ƒe ʋuʋu alo lã lénu siwo le dɔ wɔm ƒe afɔku. Ne èdi be yeagblɔ stalking alo cougar kpɔkpɔ le dutoƒonyigbawo dzi la, te ɖe Dukɔa ƒe Tsaɖibɔ Dɔwɔƒe ŋu (NPS) Dɔdɔ, Tsaɖibɔwo Canada Dɔdɔ Kpata (1-888-773-8888 le Todzi Tsaɖibɔwo me, alo 1-877-852-3100 na BC Takpɔha ƒe Dɔwɔƒe RAPP), California Tɔmelãwo Kple Gbemelãwo Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (CDFW), alo Colorado Tsaɖibɔwo Kple Gbemelãwo (CPW).
• Fiaɖuƒe Ðeka: Yɔ 999 alo 112 na kpovitɔwo kple dɔnɔdzikpɔʋuwo. Wotoa Kpovitɔwo dzi kpɔa felid siwo woɖe aboyoe siwo si la gbɔ tẽ 999.
• Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ: Yɔ 112 le dukɔ siwo katã le eme me hena Alps-towo alo avewo ɖeɖeɖa (Eurasian lynx alo Iberian lynx nɔƒewo).
• Australia kple New Zealand: Yɔ 000 le Australia alo 111 le New Zealand (112 tso asitelefonwo dzi). Ele be dukɔwo dome todzizɔla siwo tso Australia/NZ naƒo asa na duƒuƒu alo akɔta ƒe dzɔdzɔmeŋutete ne wole todzi zɔm le Amerika, Afrika, alo Asia.
• India kple Asia-Pacific: Le India la, yɔ 112 (108 na ambulance) eye nàna Dukɔa ƒe Avewo Dzikpɔƒe ƒe Range Officer nanya na sisiblisi (guldar / . tendua) do go le Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, alo Maharashtra. Le Nepal la, te ɖe Tsaɖilawo ƒe Kpovitɔwo ŋu (1144) alo Dukɔa ƒe Tsaɖibɔwo ƒe Asrafowo ƒe Dɔwɔƒe.

Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

Nukatae mele be nàfe kuku kuku le todzidzata alo cougar ƒe amedzidzedze me abe alesi nèwɔna kple grizzly bear ene gbeɖe o?¶

Zi geɖe la, grizzly bear dzea todzizɔla dzi le esi wòwɔ nuku nɛ ta be yeatsɔ aɖe afɔku si wosusu be ele ye viwo alo nuɖuɖudzraɖoƒe dzi ɖa; ne ènya mlɔ anyi heƒo fefe kuku ko la, mèganye ŋɔdzinu o. Todzidzata, jaguar, alo sisiblisi nye lãɖula si wòle be wòaɖu eye wòdzea amegbetɔwo yome hedzea wo dzi abe lãwo ene. Fefe kuku nana wò kɔ ƒe megbe nate ŋu aɖu vidzidɔ ƒe akɔta si wua ame. Le go bubu me la, esi wònye be avu gã siwo tsi wo ɖokui si mate ŋu anɔ agbe le gbe me ne woƒe ŋku gbã alo woƒe aɖu gbã le adedada me o ta la, avuwɔwɔ ɖe woƒe ŋkuwo kple mo ŋu vɔ̃ɖitɔe zinɛ ɖe avu la dzi ɣesiaɣi kloe be wòaɖe asi le eŋu ahasi.

Ðe atike si woyɔna be bear spray wɔa dɔ ɖe todzidzatawo, cougars, kple sisiblisiwo dzia?¶

Ẽ, atike si wotsɔ sisi ɖe dzata ŋu si woŋlɔ ŋkɔ na le EPA me (si me capsaicinoid gã 1.34 va ɖo 2.0 le alafa me le eye woƒe atike si woate ŋu aƒui ƒe didime nye meta 7.5 va ɖo 10.5 / afɔ 25 va ɖo 35) wɔa dɔ nyuie ŋutɔ ɖe todzidzatawo kple avu gãwo katã ŋu. Ʋeʋẽ ƒe lãkusi siwo sea veve kple ŋkume ƒe ŋkume gãwo le avuwo si; oleoresin capsicum si wotsɔ atɔm wɔe gbɔgbɔ nana ŋkume ƒe ʋuʋu le eɖokui si, vevesese sesẽ si le bibim, kple yaƒoƒomɔ̃ si le etame la kɔa akɔta, si wɔnɛ be avu la megate ŋu ɖoa taɖodzinu be yeaɖu kɔ o. Na wò bear-tike nanɔ wò akɔta ƒe ka alo akɔta ƒe alidziblanu dzi tsɔ wu be nàɖii ɖe wò agba me.

Nukae wòle be mawɔ ne meva do go gbetedzi alo lãkle kuku aɖe si wotsɔ atiwo kple aŋgbawo tsyɔ le mɔa dzi?¶

Dzo le nutoa me enumake to megbedede le mɔ si tututu dzi nèva dzi esime nèle kpe siwo le xɔxlɔ̃m kple atiwo ƒe alɔwo me dzrom. Ne todzidzata wu gbetedzi alo lãkle la, eƒoa ɖi, pine-tiwo, eye wòtsɔa ati ƒoa lã kukua dzi (ewɔa togbɛ aɖe si woyɔna be cache) be wòaɣlae ɖe gbeɖuɖɔɖulawo, eye wòtrɔna yia edzi enuenu le ŋkeke 3 va ɖo 5 me esime wòle alɔ̃ dɔm le meta 50 va ɖo 100 me tso esime wowui. Lã si le gbegblẽm ƒe ʋeʋẽ alo togbɛ si woxe kpɔkpɔ fia be anɔ eme be cougar tsitsi aɖe le ŋku lém ɖe eŋu tso nutsyɔnu si te ɖe eŋu me.

Ðe wòle be malia ati hafi asi le todzidzata, jaguar, alo sisiblisi nua?¶

Ao, mègalia ati gbeɖe be yeasi le avu gã aɖe nu o. To vovo na grizzly bears kple gbemelãwo la, todzidzatawo, jaguarwo, kple sisiblisiwo nye atidzililila bibi siwo si asike ɖaɖɛ siwo woate ŋu agbugbɔ ahe kple megbefɔ sesẽwo le. Akpɔkplɔ te ŋu hea lã si wòléna si sɔ kple eya ŋutɔ ƒe kpekpeme meta 6 (afɔ 20) le tsitrenu yia ati ƒe ke dzi, eye cougar te ŋu tia kpo meta 4.5 (afɔ 15) yia alɔ siwo le anyime. Ati lialia léa wò le afisi wòle be nàzã asi eveawo atsɔ alé ɖe asi le, si wɔnɛ be màte ŋu azã todzizɔtiwo, kpewo, alo bear spray o.

Nukatae todzidzatawo dzea mɔdododziƒula kple todzikekedolawo dzi zi geɖe wu todzizɔla blewu le ƒuƒoƒo me?¶

Ʋuʋu kabakaba si me ɖoɖoezizi le to ŋdi alo fiẽsi ƒe anyigba dzi hea ŋkume kple mɔ̃ ƒe tiatia si melɔ̃na o vɛ le avuwo katã me. Duƒula ɖeka kolia si le mɔ dzi alo todzikekedola si le dzogoe si dzi ŋkuagbãtɔ ƒo xlãe kple duƒuƒu kilometa 15 va ɖo 20 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me naa ɣeyiɣi si mede sɛkɛnd 2 o cougar si le ɖiɖim ɖe eme be wòada nusi le dzɔdzɔm kpɔ; the cat’s predatory hidbrain reacts to the receding motion before its caution instinct kicks in. Todzizɔzɔ le ame eve alo ƒuƒoƒo me, nuƒoƒo le dzogoe siwo dzi ŋkuagbãtɔwo mele o, kple asaƒoƒo na ŋdi alo fiẽ ƒe duƒuƒu ɖekaɖeka le gbetedziwo ƒe nɔƒewo ɖea nusiwo hea amedzidzedze ƒe nuwɔna siwo wɔa nuku na ame akpa gãtɔ ɖa.

Ke ne medo go todzidzata ƒe avuviwo alo viwo ɖeɖe le mɔa dzi ya ɖe?¶

Mègate ɖe todzidzata ƒe avuvi siwo ŋu fli le ŋu, aɖe foto wo, alo aka asi wo ŋu gbeɖe o, ne woawo ɖeɖe wodze gɔ̃ hã. Vidada cougar gblẽa avuviwo ɖi woɣla wo ɖokui ɖe agakpewo alo brɔs me ne wole ade dam, alo ate ŋu abɔbɔ abɔbɔ ɖe adzɔge meta 15 anɔ ŋku lém ɖe ŋuwò. Enumake gbugbɔ yi megbe blewuu esime nèdze ŋgɔ avuviawo ƒe mɔ, ƒo nu kple gbe sesẽ, na wò asi nanɔ wò dzatawutikea dzi, eye nàde didime si nye meta 500 (afɔ 1,600) ya teti wò kple teƒea dome.

Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• Bear kple gbemelãwo ƒe gododo
• Charging ungulate, moose, elk, bison, kple gbemelãwo ƒe agbetsitsi
• Avũ si bu le todzimɔ dzi: ʋeʋẽ ƒe sekeɖoƒe kple lã lénuwo ƒe afɔkuwo
• Adedada ƒe tsitrenu ƒe gege, tudada le vo me, kple ʋu si dona le megbe ƒe ʋuʋu

Dzɔtsoƒewo kple dziɖuɖumegãwo ƒe mɔfiame¶

• Dukɔa ƒe Tsaɖibɔ Dɔwɔƒe (NPS, United States): Todzidzata / Cougar ƒe Dedienɔnɔ le Ɣetoɖoƒe Dukɔa ƒe Tsaɖibɔwo me (Yosemite, Olympic, Big Bend, Glacier, kple Santa Monica Towo).
• Tsaɖibɔwo Canada (Government of Canada) & British Columbia Dzɔdzɔmenuwo Takpɔha ƒe Dɔwɔƒe (BCCOS): Cougar Dedienɔnɔ Kple Lãlélawo Dodo Ŋuti Ðoɖowo le Canada ƒe Rockies kple Vancouver Ƒukpo dzi.
• California Tɔmelãwo Kple Gbemelãwo Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (CDFW) & Colorado Tsaɖibɔwo Kple Gbemelãwo (CPW): Agbenɔnɔ Kple Gbugbɔgawɔ le Todzidzatawo ƒe Nɔƒe: Amegbetɔ Kple Cougar Masɔmasɔwo Ŋuti Numekuku Kple Mɔxexe Ðe Enu Mɔfiamewo.
• Dzogbewo ƒe Atikewɔwɔ Habɔbɔ (WMS): Nuwɔna ƒe Mɔfiamewo le Mɔxexe Ðe Nolãwo ƒe ɖuɖu ƒe Abiwo Kple Backcountry Penetrating Trauma Nu Kple Wo Dada Ŋu.
• India ƒe Gbemelãwo Ŋuti Nusrɔ̃ƒe (WII) & Nutome, Avewo Kple Yame ƒe Nɔnɔme ƒe Tɔtrɔ Dɔwɔƒe (MoEFCC, India): Mɔfiamewo na Amegbetɔ kple Akpɔkplɔwo ƒe Masɔmasɔwo Dzi Ðeɖe Akpɔtɔ Kple Agbledelawo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Ðoɖowo.