I-Mountain Lion, i-Cougar, ne-Big Cat Ukuhlangana: Kungani Kufanele Ulwe Futhi Futhi Ungalokothi Udlale Ufile¶

Ukubona ibhubesi lentaba (Puma concolor, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cougar, puma, noma i-panther), i-jaguar (Panthera onca), noma ingwe (Panthera pardus) ukukubuka usemkhawulweni noma umzila kudinga ukuhlehla ngokushesha komzwelo wemvelo webhere eliluhlaza. Ngokungafani namabhere omnivorous avame ukushaja ngokumangala okuzivikela futhi angase ahambe uma udlala ufile, amakati amakhulu awodwa ayizinja ezinkulu ezizidlayo kanye nezilwane ezizingelayo. Uma ikati elikhulu lifukamela noma lihlasela, likubuka njengesisulu. Ukugijima, ukuqoshama ukuze ubophe isicathulo noma uphakamise ingane, ukufulathela, noma ukulala uphansi kubangela i-reflex eyingozi yokujaha nokugxuma eqondiswe kumgogodla womlomo wesibeletho kanye nesisekelo sogebhezi.

Uma wena noma othile ephathini yakho elunywe, eshaywa izinzipho, noma ehlakazwe ikati elikhulu, shayela inombolo yakho yasendaweni yezimo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States naseCanada, 112 kwi-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom), yenza kusebenze i-SOS beacon yesathelayithi (PLB noma Garmin inReach), noma hlola inkomba yethu yomhlaba wonke ye izinombolo eziphuthumayo uma isilwane sesihlehla futhi ukulawulwa kokuphuma kwegazi ngokushesha kuyaqhubeka. Ukuze uthole ukuphepha okubanzi kwezilwane ezizingelayo kanye nokuqhathanisa nokuzivikela kwe-ursid, buyekeza ukuhlangana kwebhere nezilwane zasendle, ukushaja i-ungulate kanye nokusinda kwezingulube zasendle, futhi i-backcountry hemorrhage evacuation kanye nokulawula ukuhlukumezeka. Landela ukwehla kokuziphatha, ukuvimbela okubonakalayo, kanye nezinqubo zokulwa ezingezansi.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. YIMA NGOKUSHESHA FUTHI UNGAZE UGIJIME: Misa ukunyakaza kwakho okuya phambili ngokushesha nje lapho ubona i-cougar, i-jaguar, noma ingwe. Ukugijima, ukugijima, noma ukuhamba ngebhayisikili uhamba ngesivinini kubangela i-feline optic-motor chase reflex, ngisho nasekatini ngaphambili ebelifuna ukwazi noma elidlulayo.
2. KHIYA OKUQONDILE ESOKUXHUMANA NEESO: Ngokungafani namabhere angama-grizzly noma izinja ezifuywayo ezinolaka ezingase zihumushe ukubuka kanzima njengenselele yomphakathi, amakati aqamekelayo athembele ekuhlaseleni inyamazane engazi. Ukukhiya amehlo ngqo nge-cougar noma ingwe kuveza ukuthi ukufihla kwayo kuhlulekile nokuthi uzimisele ukuzivikela.
3. COSHA IZINGANE EZINGANE NEZILWANE NGAPHANDLE KOKUGOBA NOMA UKUJUKA: Guqa uye edolweni elilodwa kuphela lapho kudingeka khona kuyilapho ubambe umlenze umile futhi amehlo akho ekhiye ekatini, noma cela omunye umuntu omdala aphakamise ingane ngemva kwakho. Ungalokothi ugoqe phambili okhalweni wehlise ikhanda, njengoba leso sithunzi silingisa ukudla okunemilenze emine futhi simema ukubhodla kwentamo yomlomo wesibeletho.
4. ZENZE UBUKEKA UBUMKHULU FUTHI ONGENAMDLALO: Yima uqonde etsheni eliphakeme kakhulu noma ungene ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho, phakamisa izingalo zombili phezulu, welule ibhantshi lakho libe ngamaphiko, noma ubambe izigxobo zakho ezihamba ngezinyawo kanye nojosaka ngaphezu kwekhanda lakho. Amakati amakhulu abala ingozi ngokumelene nomvuzo ngaphambi kokugxuma; ithagethi eqondile ephindaphindeka kabili ngobude obuqondile iphazamisa ukubala kwabo kwesiteleka.
5. Khuluma FUTHI UMEMEZE NGEZWI ELIJULILE, ELINONYAZI, ELIKHUTHAZAYO: Ungamemezi ngokwethuka okukhulu, okuzwakala njengesilwane esizingelayo esidabukile sikhala. Memeza imiyalo ejulile, ejulile (NO, GET BACK, HEY), izigxobo ze-aluminiyamu ezinyakazayo zihlangene ukuze kube nokuzwakala kwensimbi, futhi bajikijele amatshe, amagatsha, noma amabhodlela amanzi agcwele ekati ngaphandle kokuqoshama ukuze bafike phansi.
6. UNGAZE UDLALE UFILE - UMA OTHINTANA NAYE EQHUBEKA, LWELA IMPILO YAKHO: Uma ibhubesi lasezintabeni, i-jaguar, noma ingwe igxuma noma ithintana ngokomzimba, ukudlala ifile kuyophumela ekuphefumuleni okubulalayo noma ukunqanyulwa komgogodla womlomo wesibeletho. Vikela intamo yakho ngesilevu sakho ubophe isikhwama sakho, futhi ushaye kabuhlungu emehlweni ekati, ikhala, umphimbo, noqhoqhoqho usebenzisa izigxobo ezinyakazayo, ummese osephaketheni, amatshe, izithupha zakho, noma ibhodlela lamanzi kuze kube yilapho liphuma futhi libaleka.

Isihlahla sesinqumo: ukubona ikati elikhulu, ukucathamela, nokuvikela ukuvikela¶

Sebenzisa lesi sihlahla sesinqumo sokusebenza ukuze ufunde ulimi lomzimba wekati bese ukhetha ileveli yokukhuphuka yeqhinga elifanele:

flowchart TD
    Sight["I-Spot Mountain Lion, i-Cougar, i-Jaguar, noma i-Leopard ku-Trail noma e-Camp"] --> Stop["1. YEKA MASHESHA: UNGAMgijimi, Ungagijimi, noma Unganyakazi"]
    Stop --> Kids["2. I-Face Cat Squarely, Khiya Ukuthintana Neso Ngokuqondile, Qoqa Iqembu Kahle, Phakamisa Izingane Ngaphandle Kokugoba"]
    Kids --> ReadBody{"3. Funda Ibanga Lekati Nolimi Lomzimba"}
    ReadBody -->|"Kude (> 50 m / 165 ft), Ukuhamba, Umsila Phansi, Ongenantshisekelo"| Distant["I-CALM DETERRENCE AND REROUTE: Hlala uqoqekile, qhubeka ubuka umhlane wakho namaleji alengayo, veza umkhondo, ungalandeli."]
    ReadBody -->|"20 kuya ku-50 m (65 kuya ku-165 ft), Ukugqolozela, Izindlebe Phambili, Zigobile"| Stalking["UKUKHULA OKUSEBENZAYO OKUBONAKALAYO KANYE NE-ACOUSTIC: Vula ibhantshi elibanzi, phakamisa iphakethe phezulu, memeza ngezwi elijulile, izigxobo ezishayayo, hlehla kancane uvunguze noma ukhuphuke."]
    ReadBody -->|"Vala (< 20 m / 65 ft), I-Belly Low, Ukunyakazisa Umsila, Izindlebe Ezicaba, Ezinwabuzelayo noma Ukuququda"| PrePounce["UKUZIVIKELA OKUSHESHAYO NGAPHAMBI KWE-STRIKE: Faka i-Bear Spray ku-6 kuya ku-9 m (20 kuya ku-30 ft), i-Hurl Rocks/Sticks Without Crouching, i-Brandish Trekking Poles noma ummese e-Chest Height."]
    PrePounce --> Contact{"4. Ingabe Ikati Liyaxhumana Nomzimba?"}
    Contact -->|"CHA: Ikati Lima noma Ukuhlehla"| BackOut["Qhubeka Usekela Kancane Kancane Ngenkathi Ubhekene Nekati; Ungalokothi Ufulathele; Bika i-Sighting ku-Park Rangers"]
    Contact -->|"YEBO: Ikati liyagxuma noma liyaluma"| Fight["BUYELA NGAMANDLA OKUBULALA AMANINGI AMANINGI: Faka isilevu ethanjeni, gcina ujosaka ukuze uvikele umgogodla womlomo wesibeletho, shayela izithupha, ummese, izigxobo, noma amatshe emehlweni nasemakhaleni"]

Isigaba 1: Ukuqonda i-felid ambush biomechanics vs. ursid kanye nokuziphatha kwe-canid¶

Kungani amabhubesi asezintabeni, izingwe, nezingwe zisabela ngendlela ehluke kangaka ekumeni komuntu nasekubhekeni kwamehlo uma kuqhathaniswa namabhere, izimpisi, noma izinja zomhlane? Ukusinda kuncike ekuqondeni i-neurobiology kanye nemishini yokuzingela yomndeni uFelidae.

1. I-Biomechanics ye-Felid Cervical Bite kanye ne-Skull Strike¶

Ngokungafani nama-canid okuzingela amaphakethe (izimpisi, ama-coyotes, ama-dingoes) aqeda inyamazane enkulu ngokujaha isikhathi eside ngokuluma ngemuva nasemaceleni, noma amabhere asebenzisa izidladla ezinamandla aqinile kanye nokuchoboza ukuze anciphise usongo olucatshangelwayo, amakati amakhulu anembayo ababulali ababodwa abazingela ngokunyenya ngokunyenya:

• Amakhukhi (Puma concolor) kanye neLeopards (Panthera pardus): La makati ahamba buthule esebenzisa ibhulashi, amatshe, noma izitho zesihlahla ezilenga ngaphezulu aze abe phakathi kwamamitha angu-5 kuya kwangu-15 (amafidi angu-16 kuya kwangu-50) ukusuka lapho kuhloswe khona. Bethula i-sprint ye-low-trajectory emhlane ongenhla nasemahlombe, behuqa imilenze yangaphambili egobile egobile emisipha ye-trapezius ngenkathi beshayela amazinyo abo e-canine phakathi kwe-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho (C1 ku C5) ukusika intambo yomgogodla, noma ukubopha uqhoqhoqho kanye nemithambo ye-carotid kusukela ngaphambili.
• Amajaguar (Panthera onca): Ivela emngceleni wase-US-Mexico ukunqamula Melika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, i-jaguar inenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuluma uma liqhathaniswa nesisindo somzimba wanoma yiliphi ikati elikhulu, elivame ukuluma ngokuqondile emathanjeni esikhashana ogebhezi noma umgogodla womlomo wesibeletho ongaphezulu.

2. Kungani Ukugoba, Ukugoba, noma Ukugijima Kuphenyisa "I-Prey Switch"¶

I-cortex ebonakalayo yekati elikhulu ifakwe ngokuqinile ukuze ibone izici ezimbili eziyinhloko zejometri: 1. Ukuma Komgogodla Ovundlile Onekhanda Eliphansi: Uma umuntu omdala emi eqondile engamamitha angu-1.6 kuye ku-1.9 (amafidi angu-5 amayintshi angu-3 ukuya kwangu-6 amayintshi angu-3) ubude, umfanekiso wethu omile awubukeki neze njengenyamazane yomnyuzi enemilenze emine, inyamazane enemisila emhlophe, noma imvu enophondo olukhulu. Ngokushesha umhambi egoba okhalweni ukuze abophe intambo, acoshe itshe, noma alungise intambo yenja, umzimba wabo uba ovundlile kanye nengemuva lentamo yabo (the nape) ihlezi endaweni eyi-0.9 kuya ku-1.1 wamamitha (3 kuya ku-3.6 amafidi) ukusuka phansi, ifane nenyamazane eklabile. 2. I-Rapid Tangential or Receding Motion: Abagijimi be-trail, amabhayisikili asezintabeni, kanye nezingane ezibalekayo zihamba ngokushesha endaweni ebonwayo yekati zifulathele, okubangela ukuphishekela ukuzidela okuzimele ngaphambi kokuba izikhungo zokuqapha zekati zihlole ukuthi okuqondiwe kuyingozi yini.

3. Ukuqhathaniswa Kokuziphatha Kwezilwane Ezizingelayo: Ibhubesi Lentaba / Ingwe vs. Ibhere Elimnyama vs. Ibhere Elimnyama¶

Sebenzisa leli thebula lokuqhathanisa lenkambu ezindaweni eziyihlane ezinezilwane eziningi lapho ama-cougar, amabhere angama-grizzly, namabhere amnyama abelana ngemikhondo efanayo:

Isigaba sesi-2: Ukususwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kanye nokuvimbela okusebenzayo ngesikhathi sokuhlangana kwekati elikhulu¶

Iningi lamabhubesi asezintabeni noma ingwe lihlala ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-30 futhi liphetha ngokuthi ikati lishibilika buthule ebhulashini. Nokho, lapho ikati libambelele, likulandela endleleni, noma libonisa ukuma kwangaphambi kokuhlasela, ulimi lwakho lomzimba lusho umphumela.

1. Ukufunda Izigaba Ezinhlanu Zokukhuphuka Kwekati Elikhulu¶

Ngaphambi kokusabela, funda ngokushesha izindlebe zekati, umsila, ubude bomzimba, nokugxila komfundi:

1. Isigaba 1: Ukubona Ngengozi (> 50 meters / 165 feet):
2. Ikati limi noma lihlezi liqondile, izindlebe zikhombe ngendlela evamile, umsila ukhululekile, likubheka kafushane ngaphambi kokubheka eceleni.
3. Isenzo Sakho: Yeka ukuhamba, qoqa iqembu lakho lapho ungafinyelela khona ngengalo, gxilisa amehlo akho ekatini, khuluma uqinise, bese uhlehla kancane endleleni.
4. Isigaba 2: Ukuphelezela noma Ukulandela (25 to 50 meters / 80 to 165 feet):
5. Ama-cougars wesifazane anamakati afihliwe noma abesilisa bendawo kwesinye isikhathi bahambisana nomuntu ogibela izingodo amamitha angamakhulu amaningana, noma ikati elisencane lingase lithunzise umuntu ohamba yedwa.
6. Isenzo Sakho: Ungalokhu uhamba ufulathele. Yima, ujike ubhekane nekati ngokuqondile, ngena endaweni ephakeme, wendlale ibhantshi lakho banzi, shaya izigxobo zakho ezihamba ngezinyawo phezulu, futhi umemeze kakhulu. Hamba uhlehle noma ubheke eceleni ukuze ungalokothi ulahlekelwe ukuthintana okubonakalayo.
7. Isigaba 3: Ukulandela Okusebenzayo (15 to 30 meters / 50 to 100 feet):
8. Ikati liwisa isisu salo phansi, lelula intamo yalo phambili, likukhiyele ukugqolozela okungacwayizi, futhi linyonyobela phambili lisebenzisa amatshe amatshe noma ibhulashi noma nini lapho ubheka kude.
9. Isenzo Sakho: Beka izingane noma abahamba ngezinyawo abancane ngemva kwabantu abadala abade kakhulu. Dweba isifutho sakho sebhere (EPA-registered 1.34% to 2.0% major capsaicinoids), qaqa ummese wakho noma ubambe izigxobo zokuhamba uzikhiphele ngaphandle njengomkhonto, bese ujikijela amatshe, amagatsha, noma amabhodlela amanzi agcwele ekati.
10. Isigaba 4: Ikhoyili yangaphambi kokuphonseka (< 15 meters / 50 feet):
11. Ikati lishaya izindlebe liqine lihlehle ogebhezini lwalo, linyakazisa isihloko somsila walo libheke eceleni, liguqule izinyawo zalo zangemuva ngaphansi kwezinqulu zalo ukuze likwazi ukudonsa, futhi likhiphe amazinyo.
12. Isenzo Sakho: Ukugxuma kusele imizuzwana. Hlela izinyawo zakho ngendlela ebanzi, gcina ujosaka wakho ukuze uhlome intamo yakho, uqondise ibhere lakho lifutha kancane phansi ngamamitha angu-6 kuya kwangu-9 (amafidi angu-20 kuya kwangu-30) phambi kwekati ukuze ifu lenkungu likhuphukele ebusweni balo njengoba ligoba, futhi lilungiselele ukuphonsa izigxobo zakho ezinyakazayo ebusweni balo.
13. Isigaba 5: Isiteleka Sokuqamekela (0 meters):
14. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesexwayiso kumgijimi we-trail noma umgibeli wamabhayisikili ovela endaweni ephakeme noma ikhona eliyimpumputhe. Qhubeka ngokushesha uye esigabeni sesi-3.

2. Uyiphakamisa Kanjani Ingane Noma Inja Ngaphandle Kokucupha¶

Uma uhamba nengane encane noma inja lapho ibhubesi lentaba livela phakathi kwamamitha angu-30 (amafidi angu-100): - Isu Lokuzivikela Kwabantu Abadala Ababili: Umuntu Omdala Isinyathelo esisodwa esiya phambili, ikhiya ilihlo elingaphukile ekati, ivule ijazi lalo kakhulu, futhi ibambe izigxobo ezihambayo noma isifutho sebhere lapho ilungile. Umuntu Omdala B ume ngqo ngemuva komhlane Womuntu Omdala A bese ephakamisa ingane ayibeke okhalweni noma emahlombe. - I-Solo-Adult Vertical Squat: Yala ingane ngomoya ophansi ukuthi inyathele emlenzeni wakho. Gcina umgogodla wakho umile futhi isilevu sakho sibheke phezulu namehlo akhiyelwe ekatini, gobisa amadolo akho ngendlela eqondile (ungalinge ubheke phambili okhalweni), xhuma ingalo eyodwa ngaphansi kwamakhwapha engane, bese uwaphakamisela esifubeni sakho. - I-Leashed vs. Off-Leash Dogs: Inja ye-off-leash egijima ibheke ku-cougar bese igijima ibuyela emilenzeni yomnikazi wayo izohudulela ikati elihlaselayo liqonde kuwe. Bizela inja esithendeni ngokushesha futhi unqamule intambo yayo ibe mfushane ngenkathi ibhekene nekati.

3. Ungawaphonsa Kanjani Amadwala Noma Ubambe Amagatsha Ngaphandle Kokugoba¶

Uma udinga izinhlamvu ukuze ushaye i-cougar ehambayo futhi ungenalutho ezandleni zakho: - Ungalinge ususe amehlo akho ekatini noma ugobise ikhanda lakho ngasekungcoleni. - Donsa izinto ezisindayo ngokuqondile emaphaketheni akho aseceleni ojosaka noma ibhande lenyonga ngenkathi umi mude: insimbi egcwele noma amabhodlela amanzi eNalgene, ithuluzi eliningi, isibani, noma nqamula amagatsha asezingeni lamehlo afile esihlahleni esiseceleni kwehlombe lakho. - Uma kufanele ucoshe amatshe emzileni, sebenzisa ukuwisa kwedolo elilodwa okume mpo: gcina ikhanda nesifuba sakho sibheke ikati, dedela idolo kancane ngenkathi uzwa umhlabathi eduze kwebhuthi yakho ngesandla esisodwa, bamba idwala, bese usukuma uqonde phezulu.

Isigaba sesi-3: Amasu okulwa ngokomzimba namaqhinga okusinda uma ikati elikhulu lihlasela¶

Uma ibhubesi lentaba, i-jaguar, noma ingwe igxumela kuwe noma ikuwise, ukusinda kwakho kuncike ezintweni ezimbili eziza kuqala: 1. Ukuvikela umgogodla wakho womlomo wesibeletho, uqhoqhoqho, kanye nemithambo ye-carotid, kanye 2. Ukubangela ubuhlungu obuphuphuthekisayo noma obuminyanisayo ezithweni zezinzwa zekati.

1. I-Immediate Neck and Airway Armor Protocol (The Turtle-Collar Guard)¶

Umzwangedwa wekati uwukubophela imihlathi yalo entanyeni yakho ngenkathi ubhodla isisu namathanga ngezinzipho zangemuva: 1. Gcina Ubhaka Wakho Uvuliwe: Ubhaka olayishiwe uyizivikelo zomzimba ezisindisa impilo. Lapho i-cougar igxumela emhlane womuntu oqwala izintaba isuka onqenqemeni, amazinyo e-canine kanye nezindlawu zangaphambili ngokuvamile kucwila esivalweni esiphezulu noma endaweni yokulala yephakethe kunomgogodla womlomo wesibeletho womuntu ohamba ngezinyawo. 2. Gqokisa Isilevu Sakho Kanzima Embanjeni Futhi Uphakamise Amahlombe Akho: Uma uwiswe phansi, faka isilevu sakho siqine esifubeni sakho, phakamisa amahlombe womabili aqonde ethanjeni lomhlathi wakho, bese ulethe umphambili owodwa emphinjeni wakho. Lokhu kuvala igebe phakathi kogebhezi lwakho namahlombe ukuze imihlathi yekati ingakwazi ukuvala uqhoqhoqho noma umgogodla wakho. 3. Ungalinge Ujike Ubuso-Phansi Ngokuthula: Uma ushaye ikati emhlane wakho, gingqika ohlangothini noma emuva etsheni noma esiqwini somuthi ukuze ikati lingakwazi ukuhlala libambelele ngemuva kwentamo yakho, bese lishaya ngesikhali.

2. Okuqondiwe Kwe-Anatomical Yenani Eliphezulu Ekati Elikhulu Elihlaselayo¶

Ungamoshi amandla ushaya ikati elikhulu amahlombe anemisipha, i-ribcage, noma ipuleti lekhanda lesiphongo eliwugqinsi ngezibhakela ezingenalutho. Shaya ngokukhethekile kulezi zakhiwo ezine ezisengozini:

3. I-Group Rescue Protocol: Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Umngane Noma Ingane Ihlaselwa¶

Uma ibhubesi lasezintabeni ligadla kumngane khona kanye phambi kwakho: - UNGAMELI FUTHI UMEMEZE USEKUDE: Vala ibanga ngokushesha futhi uhlasele ikati ngokomzimba. - Ibhere Futha Ebangeni Lokuthintana: Gijimela phakathi kwamamitha angu-1.5 ukuya kwangu-3 (amafidi angu-5 kuye kwangu-10) futhi ubeke umlomo wombhobho ukuze ukuqhuma kushaye ubuso bekati nekhala ngokuqondile. Umngane wakho uzothola isifutho se-capsaicin emehlweni akhe, kodwa isifutho sebhere sibangela ukulimala okungapheli kwezicubu kanti ukulunywa kwentamo ye-cougar kuyabulala phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-60 kuya kwangu-120. - Amandla Ashubile Nokubhoboza Ekhanda Nomgogodla: Uma ungenaso isifutho, thatha itshe elisindayo elinezandla ezimbili (5 to 10 kg / 11 to 22 lb) noma induku ewugqinsi bese uyiphahlaza ogebheni lwekhanda lekati nasemgogodleni, noma ushayele amathiphu nezigxobo zommese emehlweni ize idedele.

Isigaba sesi-4: Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha nokunakekelwa kwamanxeba ngemva kokulimaza ikati elikhulu¶

Uma ikati selihlehla, phatha indawo yesehlakalo njengokubili indawo yamaqhinga enobungozi obukhulu kanye nesimo esiphuthumayo sokuhlukumezeka esingena emlonyeni.

1. Ukuphepha Kwendawo Esheshayo + Ukulawulwa Kokopha Okuhlakaniphile (First 3 Minutes)¶

1. Nikeza i-Spotter ehlomile (360-Degree Overwatch): Ngenkathi umuntu oyedwa elapha isisulu, owesibili kufanele ame aqonde phezu kwakhe ephethe isifutho sebhere, idwala, noma isikhali, athwebule amanqe azungezile futhi axube ukuze ikati lingakwazi ukuzungeza emuva.
2. Yeka ukopha okukhulu komthambo (Carotid / Jugular / Brachial / Femoral):
3. Ukopha Kwezitho: Uma uzipho olujulile noma ukulunywa kwenja engalweni noma emlenzeni kukhipha igazi elibomvu ngokugqamile, sebenzisa i-CoTCCC windlass tourniquet (CAT noma SOFTT-W) 5 kuya ku-8 amasentimitha (2 kuya ku-3 amayintshi) ngaphezu kwenxeba bese usonta i-windlas kuze kuphele ukopha.
4. Ukopha Entanyeni / Okuhlanganayo: Iphakethe i-hemostatic gauze (QuikClot Combat Gauze / Celox) noma i-gauze oyinyumba iqine ingene emgodini wenxeba lentamo usebenzisa iminwe yakho, faka ukucindezela okuqondile okuqondile kuphushela ngaphakathi kumgogodla womlomo wesibeletho (kude noqhoqhoqho), futhi uvikeleke ngendwangu yokuhlukumezeka esongwe ohlangothini olulimele lwentamo ngaphansi kwekhwapha eliphambene (figure-of-eight axillary wrap).
5. Londoloza Ukuzinzisa Komgogodla Womlomo Wesibeletho:
6. Noma yimuphi osindile onezimpawu zokulunywa intamo engemuva, ubuhlungu obukhulu bentamo, noma ukuba ndikindiki kwemilenze yesitho kufanele aphathwe njengokuphuka okungazinzile komgogodla wesibeletho. Gcina ikhanda nentamo yabo kuqondile endaweni engathathi hlangothi.
7. Hlola amanxeba okumunca esifubeni (Open Pneumothorax):
8. Ukubhoboza kwe-canine okujulile noma ukuphuka kwezinzipho esifubeni noma emhlane ongenhla kungabhoboza imbobo yomlomo. Uma umoya ugobhoza enxebeni lesifuba, faka isivalo sesifuba esiphuma umoya (HyFin Vent) noma i-occlusive dressing enezinhlangothi ezi-3.

2. Izifo Ezinobungozi Eziphakeme Zoonotic ezivela ku-Felid Bites (Pasteurella, Bartonella, futhi Rabies)¶

Amazinyo ekati elikhulu amade e-canine asebenza njengezinaliti ze-hypodermic, ajova amagciwane omlomo ajule emigodleni ye-tendon, i-periosteum, nama-capsules ahlangene:

• I-Pasteurella multocida kanye ne-Polymicrobial Sepsis: Yethula ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-75 kuya kwangu-90 wezilwane zasendle, ezikhiqiza i-cellulitis esakazeka ngokushesha, ukukhishwa kwe-purulent, ubuhlungu obuhlabayo, kanye ne-septicemia phakathi kwamahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-12 ngemva kokulunywa.
• I-Backcountry Wound Irrigation Protocol:
• Uma ukopha okukhulu komthambo sekulawulekile, nisela imihuzuko yezipho ezingashoni futhi uvule imivimbo ngamamililitha angu-500 kuya kwangu-1,000 amanzi ahlanzekile aphuzwayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi usebenzisa isirinji yokunisela noma ibhodlela lokukhama.
• UNGALOKOTHI uthunge umthungo, unamathisele, noma uqinise i-butterfly-uhlubule inxeba lokubhoboza ikati elivalekile ehlane: Ukuvala i-feline puncture kubamba amagciwane anaerobic (Clostridium, Bacteroides) kanye Ne-Pasteurella ngaphakathi kwe-fascia ejulile. Mboza ngokukhululeka nge-gauze oyinyumba bese uphuma lapho uyokhishwa khona ngokuhlinzwa, i-amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin), i-tetanus booster, kanye ne-Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP).

Isigaba 5: Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinhlobo zekati elikhulu emhlabeni wonke (iMelika, i-Afrika, ne-Asia)¶

Nakuba umthetho owumongo (Never Run, Lock Eyes, Stand Tall, Fight Back) usebenza kuwo wonke ama-felids alandelanayo emhlabeni wonke, abahambi kufanele bazi izici zokuziphatha zohlobo ngalunye lwesifunda:

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo zesifunda kanye nezinqubomgomo ze-ejensi¶

Uma usuphephile ngokusungulwa kwezokuphepha kweqembu, bika konke ukucupha kwamakati amakhulu noma ukuhlasela kwabezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nesiphathimandla sokuphatha izilwane zasendle:

• I-United States ne-Canada: Shayela 911 ngokushesha ukuze kukhishwe ukwelashwa noma ingozi esebenzayo yezilwane ezizingelayo. Ukuze ubike ngokulandelwa noma ukubonwa kwe-cougar ezindaweni zomphakathi, thintana neNational Park Service (NPS) I-Dispatch, Parks Canada Emergency Dispatch (1-888-773-8888 eMountain Parks, noma 1-877-852-3100 we-BC Conservation Officer Service RAPP), uMnyango Wezinhlanzi Nezilwane Zasendle waseCalifornia (CDFW), noma i-Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW).
• United Kingdom: Shayela 999 noma 112 eyamaphoyisa kanye ne-ambulensi. Ama-Felids abalekile aphathwa ngqo ngamaPhoyisa 999.
• I-European Union: Shayela 112 kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu e-Alpine noma ukuhlenga amahlathi (Eurasian lynx noma Iberian lynx izindawo zokuhlala).
• I-Australia ne-New Zealand: Shayela 000 e-Australia noma 111 eNew Zealand (112 kusuka kumaselula). Abahambi bamazwe ngamazwe abavela e-Australia/NZ kufanele bagweme ukugijima noma ukuqoshama lapho beqwala izintaba eMelika, e-Afrika, noma e-Asia.
• I-India ne-Asia-Pacific: E-India, shayela 112 (108 we-ambulensi) futhi wazise Isikhulu Esibhekele Uhla Lomnyango Wehlathi Lombuso ngengwe (guldar / tendua) ukuhlangana e-Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, noma Maharashtra. E-Nepal, thintana namaphoyisa ezivakashi (1144) noma i-National Park Army Post.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa¶

Kungani ungalokothi udlale ufile ngesikhathi sebhubesi lentaba noma ukuhlasela kwe-cougar njengoba wenza ngebhere elinombala omhlophe?¶

Ibhere elibomvu livame ukuhlasela umuntu ogibela izintaba ngenxa yokumangala okuzivikela ukuze anciphise usongo olucatshangelwayo kumawundlu alo noma inqolobane yokudla; uma ulale ulele futhi udlale ufile, awuseyona ingozi. Ibhubesi lasezintabeni, i-jaguar, noma ingwe iyisilwane esizidlayo esiyisibopho esicutha futhi sihlasele abantu njengezisulu. Ukudlala ufile kuveza ingemuva lentamo yakho ekulunyweni okubulalayo komgogodla wesibeletho. Ngokuphambene, ngenxa yokuthi amakati amakhulu angawodwa awakwazi ukuphila endle uma ebhobokile iso noma ephuke umhlathi ngesikhathi ezingelwa, alwe ngonya ewabheke ngamehlo nangobuso cishe njalo kuphoqa ikati ukuba likhulule futhi libaleke.

Ingabe ibhere lisebenza ngokufutha amabhubesi asezintabeni, ama-cougar, nezingwe?¶

Yebo, isifutho sebhere esibhaliswe nge-EPA (esiqukethe amaphesenti angu-1.34 kuya kwangu-2.0 ama-capsaicinoid amakhulu anebanga lesifutho lamamitha angu-7.5 kuya ku-10.5 / 25 kuya ku-35 amafidi) sisebenza kahle kakhulu ngokumelene namabhubesi asezintabeni nawo wonke amakati amakhulu. Izinsikazi zinezimbotshana zokuhogela ezizwelayo kanye nama-cornea amakhulu; ukuhogela i-oleoresin capsicum ene-athomu kubangela ukuvaleka kwejwabu leso, ubuhlungu obukhulu bokuvutha, nokukhwehlela emoyeni, kukhubaza ikhono lekati lokukhomba ukulunywa kwentamo. Gcina ibhere lakho lifutha kuhhanisi lesifuba sakho noma ibhande lenyonga kunokuba ungcwatshwe ngaphakathi kwephakethe lakho.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngihlangana nenyamazane efile noma isidumbu se-elk simbozwe ngezinti namahlamvu endleleni?¶

Shiya indawo ngokushesha ngokusekela indlela oze ngayo ngenkathi uskena amadwala alengayo namagatsha ezihlahla. Lapho ibhubesi lasezintabeni libulala inyamazane noma i-elk, likhuhla ukungcola, izinaliti zikaphayini, futhi linamathisele phezu kwesidumbu (lenze indunduma ebizwa ngokuthi i-cache) ukuze lisifihle kubadobi, libuya liphindelela phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyi-5 ngenkathi lilele phakathi kwamamitha angu-50 kuya kwangu-100 kusukela ekubulaweni. Ukuhogela inyama ebolile noma ukubona indunduma emboziwe kusho ukuthi i-cougar endala ibukele isembozo eseduze.

Ingabe kufanele ngigibele esihlahleni ukuze ngibaleke ibhubesi lentaba, i-jaguar, noma ingwe?¶

Cha, ungalokothi ugibele esihlahleni ubalekela ikati elikhulu. Ngokungafani namabhere angama-grizzly nezingulube zasendle, amabhubesi asezintabeni, ama-jaguar, nezingwe bangabagibeli abaphezulu be-arboreal abahlome ngezinzipho ezibukhali ezihlehliswayo kanye nemilenze yangemuva enamandla. Ingwe ingadonsa inyamazane elingana nesisindo somzimba wayo ngamamitha angu-6 (amafidi angu-20) iqonde phezulu esiqwini sesihlahla, futhi i-cougar ingagxuma amamitha angu-4.5 (amafidi angu-15) iye emagatsheni aphansi. Ukukhuphuka esihlahleni kukuvalela lapho kufanele usebenzise khona izandla zombili ukuze ubambelele, okukushiye ungakwazi ukuphatha izigxobo, amatshe, noma isifutho sebhere.

Kungani amabhubesi asezintabeni ehlasela abagijimi be-trail kanye namabhayisikili asezintabeni kaningi kunabaqwali abahamba kancane ngamaqembu?¶

Ukunyakaza okusheshayo, okuthulile phakathi kokuntwela kokusa noma ukuhwalala kuvusa i-optic-motor chase reflex engazikhethelanga kuzo zonke izinyamazane. Umgijimi ohamba yedwa noma umgibeli webhayisikili lezintaba ozungeza ikhoneni elingaboni ku-15 kuya ku-20 km/h (9 kuya ku-12 mph) unikeza i-cougar ephumule ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-2 ukuhlola okwenzekayo; I-hindbrain yekati edlayo isabela ekunyakazeni okuhlehlayo ngaphambi kokuba kungene umzwelo wokuqaphela. Ukuhamba ngababili noma iqembu, ukukhuluma emakhoneni angaboni, nokugwema ukuntwela kokusa noma ukuhwalala ukugijima uwedwa endaweni yezinyamazane kususa izinto eziningi ezibangela ukumangala.

Kuthiwani uma ngihlangana namakati engonyama yasezintabeni noma amawundlu ewodwa emzileni?¶

Ungalokothi usondele, uthwebule, noma uthinte amakati amabhubesi asezintabeni, ngisho noma ebonakala ewodwa. Ama-cougars omama ashiya amakati efihlwe emihumeni enamadwala noma ebhulashi ngenkathi ezingela, noma angase aqosheme amamitha angu-15 ekubuka. Hlehla ngokushesha lapho ubheke amazinyane ekati, khuluma ngezwi eliqinile, beka isandla sakho phezu kwesifutho sakho sebhere, futhi ubeke okungenani ibanga elingamamitha angu-500 (amafidi angu-1,600) phakathi kwakho nendawo.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Ukuhlangana kwamabhere nezilwane zasendle
• Ukushaja i-ungulate, i-moose, elk, bison, kanye nokusinda kwezingulube zasendle
• Inja elahlekile kumzila wokuqwala izintaba: isiteshi sehange lephunga nezingozi zezilwane ezizingelayo
• Indawo yokuzingela ikwindla, ukudubula kwesibhamu ngephutha, nokukhishwa kwe-backcountry hemorrhage

Imithombo neziqondiso ezisemthethweni¶

• Isevisi Yepaki Kazwelonke (NPS, United States): Mountain Lion / Cougar Safety in Western National Parks (Yosemite, Olympic, Big Bend, Glacier, and Santa Monica Mountains).
• Amapaki eCanada (Government of Canada) kanye Nenkonzo Yesikhulu Sokugcinwa Kwempahla YaseBritish Columbia (BCCOS): Ama-Cougar Safety and Predator Encounter Protocols e-Canadian Rockies nase-Vancouver Island.
• UMnyango Wezinhlanzi Nezilwane Zase-California (CDFW) & Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW): Ukuphila Nokuqamba Kabusha Emoyeni Webhubesi Lendawo: Ukuhlaziywa Kwezingxabano Zabantu-Cougar kanye Nemihlahlandlela Yokuvimbela.
• I-Wilderness Medical Society (WMS): Imihlahlandlela Yokuzijwayeza Yokuvimbela Nokwelashwa Kwamanxeba Okulunywa Okuncelisayo Nokuhlukumezeka Kwezwe Elingemuva Kwasemuva.
• I-Wildlife Institute of India (WII) kanye Nomnyango Wezemvelo, Amahlathi Nokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu (MoEFCC, India): Iziqondiso Zokunciphisa Ukungqubuzana Kwe-Human-Leopard kanye Nezinqubo Zokuphepha Emkhakheni.