I-Chainsaw Kickback, Izigxobo Zasentwasahlobo, kanye Nokulimala Kwezihlahla Zokugawula¶

Izinga lokusaha nokugawulwa kwezingodo phakathi kwezingozi ezibulalayo kunazo zonke emahlathini ochwepheshe kanye nokuhlanzwa kwesiphepho somninikhaya. Uphethiloli wesimanje noma i-chainsaw esebenza ngebhethri ishayela iluphu yabasiki bensimbi ababukhali bezungeza ibha yomhlahlandlela ngesivinini esilandelanayo esingu-18 kuya ku-28 amamitha ngomzuzwana (40 kuya ku-62 mph)* kuyilapho injini iphenduka ngo-10,000 kuya ku-14,000 ukuphenduka ngomzuzu (RPM). Ngokungafani nommese wasekhishini noma unqenqema lweshidi lensimbi olusika ukusikwa komugqa okuhlanzekile, amazinyo e-chainsaw akhiwe njengamashizolo amancane ahlafuna i-kerf channel** engu-6-to-10-millimeter-wide (0.25-to-0.4-intshi)**, isikhumba esiklebhuka nesinyakazayo, umsipha, ithambo, nengxenye yemithambo emikhulu.

Lapho ichopho elingaphezulu lebha yomhlahlandlela we-chainsaw lithinta ngephutha igatsha, ilogi efihliwe, noma uhlangothi lwe-kerf yokuncinza, isaha lingakwazi ukushwibeka lihlehle libe yi-arc engu-90-degree libheke ebusweni bomsebenzisi, intamo, ihlombe lesobunxele, noma ithanga ku- 0.10 kuya ku-0.15 imizuzwana, okushesha kune-0.20-concular time of the *0.25-to-neuro reaction of the*0.25-to-neuro. ubuchopho bomuntu. Okubulala kakhulu ukwedlula isaha ngokwalo amandla amakhulu adonsela phansi namandla anwebekayo agcinwe ngaphakathi kwezihlahla ezimile nezingodo eziwiswe isiphepho: izitho zomzimba eziwayo ezifile (abafelokazi), ukuqhekeka kwesiqu esiqhumayo esiqondile (usihlalo we-barber), amahlumela agobile ngaphansi kwe-tension (**), kanye ne-spring-back rolls; bona ukuhlanzwa kwesiphepho nesiphepho. Ukwazi ukuthi ungakumisa kanjani ukopha kwe-arterial chainsaw, ukuthi ungasikhipha kanjani ngokuphepha isisebenzi esiphiniwe ngaphandle kokucupha i-log roll yesibili, nokufunda ukungezwani kwezinkuni ngaphambi kokusika kusindisa izimpilo.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Vala injini yesaha noma sebenzisa ibhuleki leketango langaphambili ngaphambi nje kokusondela ku-opharetha olimele. Ungalokothi ungene lapho ufinyelela khona isaha eligijima elibanjwe yisisulu esithukile noma esiwayo. Phenya iswishi yokumisa ukuthungela ukuthi IVALI bese uphushela isigwedlo esingaphambili esigada ngesandla ukuze ukhiye ibhuleki leketango.
2. Faka ingcindezi eqondile ecindezelayo noma i-windlass tourniquet ngokushesha ukuze uthole ukopha okukhulu esithweni noma entanyeni. Amanxeba okukhahlela ama-chainsaw ngokuvamile anqamula umthambo wesifazane ethangeni lesokunxele, imithambo ye-radial/brachial engalweni yesobunxele, noma imithambo ye-carotid/jugular entanyeni. Ngokuchaphaza noma ukuhlanganisa igazi engalweni noma emlenzeni, bopha i-windlass yezohwebo tourniquet 5 kuya ku-7 amasentimitha (2 kuya ku-3 amayintshi) ngaphezu kwenxeba futhi ujike kuze kuphele ukopha; emanxebeni entamo, ehlombe, noma e-groin, qinisa imbobo nge-gauze ene-hemostatic noma oyinyumba bese ucindezela kanzima ngezandla zombili; bona ukopha usizo lokuqala.
3. Shayela inombolo yakho yasendaweni yezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha futhi unikeze ngokuqondile izixhumanisi ze-GPS zasemaphandleni noma izindawo zokufinyelela ze-trailhead. Dayela u-911 e-United States nase-Canada, 112 ngaphesheya kwe-European Union, noma 999 e-United Kingdom (bona izinombolo eziphuthumayo). Uma usebenza endaweni eyihlane, thumela umuntu wesibili emgwaqeni omkhulu ukuze ahlabe umkhosi i-ambulensi noma aqondise indiza enophephela emhlane yokuhlenga emoyeni.
4. *Bheka amagatsha "umfelokazi" amisiwe futhi uhlole ukuqina kogodo ngaphambi kokuguqa eduze kwesisulu esigawulwe yisihlahla. Ungalokothi ugijimele ngaphansi kwesihlahla esilengiswayo noma isiqu esiqhekezwe kancane ukuze ukhiphe othile. Chokha noma ujike ugodo olugoqayo ohlangothini olubheke ekwehleni kuqala ukuze lungakwazi ukuqhubeka luhlala kulowo ohlukunyeziwe noma akuchoboze.
5. Landela Umthetho We-Crush Syndrome wemizuzu engu-15 uma isiqu somuthi esindayo siphina imilenze noma i-pelvis yomuntu ohlukunyeziwe. Uma umuntu ephiniwe ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-15 futhi ungakwazi ukuphakamisa noma ukugoqa ugodo ngokuphephile usebenzisa amalever, amaweji, noma ujeke ngaphandle kokusika ukhuni oluqinile oluqinile, khulula ngokushesha. Uma ebethelwe ngaphansi kwesiqu esikhulu ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15, linda abezimo eziphuthumayo abasezingeni eliphezulu ukuthi banikeze uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni kanye nemithi ngaphambi kokuphakamisa isisindo, ngaphandle uma isifuba sabo singakwazi ukuphefumula; bona ukuchoboza ukulimala kanye ne-compartment syndrome.
6. Londoloza ukuvinjelwa okuqinile komgogodla futhi welaphe ukwethuka ngemva kokuthinteka komfelokazi noma i-spring pole. Isitho esiwayo sishaya umakalabha noma isigxobo sentwasahlobo esiphukayo esishaya isifuba siletha ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu okubuthuntu; gcina isiguli siphansi, singanyakazi, futhi sisongwe ngezingubo zokulala ezomile ezifudumele ngenkathi siqapha ukuphefumula kwaso.

Amandla amane asebenzayo we-chainsaw nokuthi kungani i-kickback ihlula ingqondo yomuntu¶

Wonke umqhubi we-chainsaw uthola amandla amane asebenzayo akhiqizwa iluphu yeketango lokuphotha elisebenzisana nokhuni. Ukuqonda ukuthi la mandla asebenza kanjani ezandleni zakho kuvimbela ukulahlekelwa ukulawula okuholela ekuhlukumezeni.

flowchart TD
    A["I-Chainsaw noma Isimo Esiphuthumayo Sokugawula Izihlahla"] --> B{"Hlobo luni lokulimala olwenzekile?"}
    B -->|"I-Chainsaw Blade Laceration (Ithanga, Ingalo, Intamo, noma Ubuso)"| C["LAWULA UKOPHA KOMTHETHO KUQALA"]
    C --> D["Isilonda Somlenze: Faka i-tourniquet yezohwebo 5 kuya ku-7 cm ngaphezu kwenxeba + ukucindezela okuqondile"]
    C --> E["Intamo / Ihlombe / Inxeba Lomhluzi: Pakisha inxeba ngokuqinile nge-gauze bese ubamba ukucindezela okwenziwa ngesandla okuqinile"]
    B -->|"Iphiniwe Ngaphansi Kwesiqu Sesihlahla Esiwile noma Ibhola Lempande"| F{"Ingabe isifuba/umzila womoya uchotshoziwe NOMA uphiniwe < 15 imizuzu?"}
    F -->|"Yebo: Isifuba siphiniwe noma < 15 min"| G["Chock/crib log ngokumelene nokuqengqeleka, bese uphakamisa/i-lever weight off ngokushesha"]
    F -->|"Cha: Imilenze/umlenze uphiniwe > imizuzu eyi-15 nokuphefumula KULUNGILE"| H["Ilogi evikelekile nge-cribbing; shayela ku-911/112/999; linda i-paramedic Crush Syndrome IV protocol ngaphambi kokuphakanyiswa"]
    B -->|"Ishaywe yi-Overhead Widowmaker Limb noma i-Spring Pole"| I["Shiya umakalabha endaweni uma uphefumula KULUNGILE; vimbela ikhanda/umgogodla; hlola ukuhlukumezeka kwesifuba/isisu"]

1. I-Kickback ejikelezayo (I-Upper-Quadrant Nose Trap)¶

I-Kickback ejikelezayo ibophezele ekuqhekekeni kwe-chainsaw ebusweni, intamo, nehlombe okuyinhlekelele kakhulu:

• I-physics ye-Upper-Quadrant Kickback Zone: Njengoba iketango lesaha lizungeza ichopho eliyindilinga (ikhala) lebha yomhlahlandlela, amazinyo okusika ku quadrant engenhla yethiphu yebha ahlehla aye phansi nangemuva ku-opharetha ngamamitha angu-20+ ngomzuzwana (45+ mph). Uma lawo mazinyo ekhala elingenhla ethinta into eqinile (njengogodo lwesibili olufihlwe ngemva kwalolo olusikayo, isiqu segatsha, uhlangothi lwembobo ebhobokileyo, noma ukungcola okuqinile okuyiqhwa), izinyo liyamba futhi alikwazi ukudonsa into enganyakazi ngesaha.
• Ukusabela Ngokushesha koMthetho Wesithathu ka-Newton: Esikhundleni sokusika, izinyo lokumba lidlulisela konke ukuzungeza okujikelezayo kwenjini ekukhahleleni ichopho lebha yokuqondisa ngobudlova phezulu nangemuva kuyi-arc eqinile eqonde ngasekhanda lakho nasehlombe langakwesokunxele.
• Okwenza ingqondo yomuntu ingakwazi ukukumisa: I-kickback ejikelezayo ephezulu ye-RPM ishintsha ibha yomhlahlandlela ngamadigri angu-90 ukuya phezulu ku-0.10 kuya ku-0.15 amasekhondi. Ngenxa yokuthi inzwa yomuntu ithatha okungenani imizuzwana engu-0,20 ukusuka esweni lakho iye emisipheni yesandla sakho, awukwazi ukusabela ngokuqaphela ngesikhathi. Izindlela zokuzivikela ezimbili kuphela ezimisa i-blade ngaphambi kokuthi ishaye ubuso bakho:
• Ukusonga ngokuphelele isithupha sakho kwesokunxele NGAPHANSI kwesibambo sangaphambili: Uma ubambe isibambo sangaphambili ngokubamba inkawu "evulekile-isithupha" (isithupha sibekwe phezu kwebha eduze kweminwe yakho), i-kickback iklebhula isibambo eminwe yakho. Ukugoqa isithupha sakho kwesokunxele ngaphansi kwebha kukhiya into yokubamba yakho futhi kuphoqelela isaha lokukhahlela ukuthi lizule esingalweni sakho kwesokunxele, lishaye ingemuva lengalo yakho yesobunxele ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-chain brake paddle.
• I-Inertia ne-Mechanical Chain Brake: Ibhuleki leketango elisebenzayo limisa iketango lokuphotha lifile kusukela kumasekhondi angu-0.06 kuya kwangu-0.12 noma ingalo yakho yesokunxele ishaya i-paddle noma lapho i-inertia counterweight yangaphakathi izwa i-G-force enodlame ekhuphukayo ye-kickback.

2. Ukudonsela ngaphakathi, ukusunduza emuva, kanye namandla okusabela kokuncinza¶

Ababulali bezihlahla nabahlanza isiphepho: abafelokazi, izihlalo zabagundi, izigxobo zasentwasahlobo, namabhola ezimpande¶

Emahlathini omsebenzi kanye nokuhlanza izindawo zokuhlala ngemva kwesiphepho, abantu abaningi babulawa izinkuni abazigawulayo kunamazinyo esaha. Ngaphambi kokuthi uthinte isaha kunoma yisiphi isihlahla esimile noma ibhuloho eliwile, hlola izingodo ukuze uthole lezi zingozi ezine eziyingozi:

1. "Abafelokazi" abaphezulu kanye nezihlahla ezilengayo¶

Umfelokazi yinoma yiliphi igatsha eliphukile, elifile, elibolile, noma elihlukanisiwe elilenga ngokukhululekile ku-canopy engenhla yesihlahla osinqumayo (noma esihlahleni esixhumene esiseduze), kanye nesihlahla esigawuliwe esibanjwa phakathi emagatsheni esihlahla esingumakhelwane (isihlahla esilenga phezulu):

• Izicupho zokudlidliza ziyawa: Lapho nje i-chainsaw yakho isika esisekelweni sesihlahla noma ushaya inkemba yepulasitiki ngembazo, ukundindizela komshini kukhuphukela esiqwini bese kunyakazisa izitho ezifile ezingamakhilogremu angu-100 (amaphawundi angu-220) ukusuka kumamitha angu-15 (amafidi angu-50) phezulu. Amagatsha awile awela buthule kuyilapho izindlebe zakho zivalwe ukubhonga kwe-chainsaw nama-earmuff akho angu-110-decibel.
• Imithetho emithathu eyinhloko yezihlahla ezilengisiwe: Uma isihlahla osigawulayo sithandelana kwesinye isihlahla bese senqaba ukuwela phansi:
• UNGALOKOTHI uhambe ngaphansi kwesihlahla esilengiswayo.
• UNGALINGE uzame ukuwisa isihlahla esisisekelayo esincike kuso isihlahla sokuqala.
• UNGALOKOTHI ugibele isiqu esincike noma uzame ukusika isihlahla esincike phansi ngeziqephu eziqondile "zesitofu" ezimfushane ukusuka phansi. Kunalokho, sula umngcele wokuphepha bese ugoqa isihlahla esilengiswa phezulu usikhiphe kukhanopi usebenzisa ihuku le-cant / peavey ende esisekelweni, noma udonse isisekelo emuva ukusuka ebangeni eliphephile ngaphandle kwe-tractor ende, uwine i-ripe.

2. Ukwehlukana kwesiqu esithi "barber-chair" esime mpo¶

Isitulo sokugunda senzeka lapho isihlahla sincike kakhulu phambili (noma sipheshulwa umoya onamandla noma sibole phakathi nendawo) futhi osebenza naye eqala ukwenza ukusika okujwayelekile okuvundlile ngaphambi kokuthi kukhululwe izinkuni zokubamba ezanele. Ngaphambi kokuthi ukusika ingemuva kuqedwe uhhafu, isisindo esikhulu sokugobela phambili sesihlahla ** sihlukanisa isiqu siqonde ngqo phezulu okusanhlamvu amamitha angu-3 ukuya kwangu-6 (amafidi angu-10 ukuya kwangu-20) ngomsindo wokuqhuma wenganono**. Ngenkathi ingaphezulu lesihlahla liwela phambili, i-sleb engemuva yesiqu ikhahlela ngamandla emuva phezu kwesiphunzi, iphahlaze isifuba somqhubi nogebhezi emhlabathini ngesigamu sesekhondi.

• Ukuvimbela: Ungalokothi usebenzise ukusika emuva okujwayelekile okujwayelekile esihlahleni esincike kakhulu (njengomlotha, i-hickory, i-oki, noma i-eucalyptus). Abagawulayo abangochwepheshe basebenzisa i-bore-cut (i-plunge-cut) ekhethekile ngebhande langemuva lokubamba* noma basonge ibhande le-ratchet elisindayo/iketango elizungeze isiqu ngaphezu kwenotshi ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka okuqondile.

3. Izigxobo zasentwasahlobo (izithombo ezigobile ngaphansi kokuqina okwedlulele okunwebekayo)¶

Ngemva kwesiphepho, isiphepho seqhwa, noma isiphepho siwisa phansi isihlahla esikhulu, inqwaba yezithombo ezincane eziphilayo (amasentimitha angu-5 ukuya kwangu-20/ugqinsi oluphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-2 ukuya kwangu-8) ziyaphinwa futhi zigobe kabili zibe amakhothamo aqinile ngaphansi kwesiqu esisindayo. Lezi zithombo ezigobile zibizwa ngokuthi izigxobo zasentwasahlobo:

• Amandla we-catapult agciniwe: Isithombo esinqunyiwe esigobile sigcina izinkulungwane zamajowule wamandla asentwasahlobo anwebekayo. Uma umninikhaya ongenalwazi ekhuphuka futhi ebeka i-chainsaw phezu kwejika eliqine kakhulu lekhothamo, imicu yokhuni ecindezelwe ngaphansi kanye nemicu eqinile engaphezulu igqashuka ngokushesha, ishaye isigxobo sokhuni sikhuphukele phezulu ku-*60 kuya ku-100 km/h (37 kuya ku-37 kuya ku-62 njengokuphuka kwengalo, ikati eliphukayo, ikati eliphukayo, ikati eliphukayo, ikati eliphukayo, ikati eliphukayo, ukuphuka kwengalo, ikati eliphukayo) izimbambo noma ukujikijela i-chainsaw ebusweni bomsebenzisi.
• Indlela yokukhulula isigxobo sasentwasahlobo ngokuphepha: Yima ngaphakathi noma uphume ngokuphepha endizeni eqondile ye-arch. Khomba iphoyinti lokugoba okukhulu (lapho umugqa oqondile ongokomfanekiso osuka ezimpandeni uhlangana nomugqa ovundlile osuka phezulu ophiniwe). Esikhundleni sokusika uqonde phezulu kwe-arch ngokusika okukodwa, shefa izimbotshana ezincane, ezingashoni unqamule indawo engaphansi egobile nge-engeli engu-45-degree ukuze imicu yokhuni ibubule futhi igobe kancane ibe ihinge ngaphandle kokugqashuka kanzima, noma usika ithiphu eliphiniwe kude nendawo egoba kuyo ngenkathi imi ngemva kwesiqu esivikelayo.

4. Amabhola ezimpande ezisishuliwe (amapuleti ezimpande) aphindela emgodini¶

Lapho isiphepho siphephula isihlahla esikhulu ngezimpande zaso, udonga olunamamitha angu-3 kuya kwayisihlanu ubude (amafidi angu-10 kuya kwangu-16) olungcolile, amadwala, nezimpande luma lubheke phezulu ngaphezu komgodi ojulile. I-trunk esindayo evundlile isebenza njenge-counterweight ephethe lelo bhola lempande elingamathani amaningi elitshekele phezulu.

• I-root-ball trap ebulalayo: Uma othile esika isiqu esikhulu eduze kwesisekelo sesihlahla esisishuliwe, isisindo esiphikisayo siyanyamalala ngaso leso sikhathi. 2,000-to-10,000-kilogram (4,400-to-22,000-pound) impande yebhola yempande ingena ihlehle ingene emgodini ngesekhondi elilodwa njengogibe lwamagundane olukhulu. Noma ubani omi phakathi noma eduze kwe-root crater (noma izingane ezidlala emgodini ngemva kokusikwa kwesiqu) ungcwatshwa ephila futhi achotshozwe khona manjalo.
• Umthetho: Ungalokothi ume ohlangothini lwempande yesihlahla esisishuliwe, qinisa futhi uchofoze ipuleti lempande ngezingodo ezisindayo noma izinto zokumba ngaphambi kokusika, futhi wenze isiqu sakho sokuqala sisike phezulu siye phezulu sibheke kumqhele kunokuba eduze eduze kwepuleti lempande.

I-Compression vs. tension wood: indlela yokubopha izingodo eziwile ngaphandle kokumpintsha noma ukushaywa¶

Lapho ugawula isiqu sesihlahla esiwile sibe ubude bezinkuni zokubasa (bucking) noma ususa isihlahla esiwele emgwaqweni ongenela noma ophahleni, ugodo lusebenza njengogodo olulayishiwe olusekelwe endaweni eyodwa noma amabili. Amandla adonsela phansi agoba ilogi, enze izindawo ezimbili eziphikisanayo zemishini ngaphakathi kokhuni okufanele wonke umqhubi we-chainsaw azifunde ngaphambi kokuqala ukusika:

1. I-Tension Zone (amafayibha anwetshwa ngokuhlukana): Eceleni kwelogi ehlezi ngaphandle kwendawo yokugoba, imicu yokhuni idonswa yaqina njengezintambo zesiginci. Uma usike ukhuni oluqinile, i-kerf (i-saw slot) idonsa ivuleke kakhulu; uma usika yonke indlela ukusuka ohlangothini olushubile lulodwa, amasentimitha angu-2 okugcina (0.8 amayintshi) okhuni azoklebhuka futhi ahlukane ngokuhlukumeza.
2. I-Compression Zone (imicu ekhanywa ndawonye): Ohlangothini lwelogi oluhlezi ngaphakathi kokugoba, imicu yokhuni iphihlizwa ndawonye ngesisindo somboko. Uma usike ujule ohlangothini lokuminyanisa kuqala, i-kerf evalayo impintsha ibha yomhlahlandlela we-chainsaw yakho iqine njenge-vise bese icupha ukusunduza emuva komugqa okunodlame noma ukuhlehlisa okujikelezayo.

Chain shot: ingozi yenhlamvu yesivinini esiphezulu yeketango eliphukile lokusaha¶

Nakuba abantu abaningi bazi mayelana ne-guick-bar kickback, i-ejensi yezokuphepha yamahlathi iphinde ixwayise nge-chain shot, isenzakalo esenzeka kakhulu kubavuni bezinkuni abawakhiwe ngesivinini esikhulu kanye namasaha anamandla amakhulu anganakekelwa kahle lapho iketango lokushayela eligugile ligxuma nge-RPM egcwele:

• Indlela ukudubula kweketango okwenzeka ngayo: Uma iketango elinezixhumi zokushayela eziqhekekile, izinqamuli ezingabonakali, noma i- loose tension break eduze kwe-drive sprocket, isiphetho esilandela ngemuva seketango eliphukile sizungeza ikhala le-bar njengemvubu. Sona kanye isixhumanisi sethiphu yeketango lokushaywa sishesha ukudlula 300 amamitha ngesekhondi (1,000 amafidi ngomzuzwana) futhi siyahlehla, sindiza emoyeni ngamandla ekinetic wenhlamvu yesibhamu yesandla**.38-caliber**.
• Imiphumela yomtholampilo nokuvimbela: Izinyo elindizayo le-chain-shot lingangena esifubeni, esiswini, noma entanyeni yomuntu obukele ukusuka kumamitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-30 (amafidi angama-50 kuye kwayi-100). Ngaso sonke isikhathi gcina ababukele okungenani ubude besihlahla obubili (noma 15+ amamitha / 50+ amafithi ngesikhathi sokugibela) kude nendiza yebha ye-chainsaw, hlola ukushuba kwakho kweketango nokugcotshwa kwakho njalo lapho ufaka uphethiloli, futhi ulahle noma yiliphi iketango elishayeke kanzima etsheni noma elibonisa ukuqhekeka kwemigqa yezinwele ezintanjeni zethayi.

Usizo lokuqala lokusikwa kwe-chainsaw kanye nokuhlukumezeka kokugawulwa kwezihlahla¶

Ngenxa yokuthi ukulimala kwama-chainsaw cishe kwenzeka njalo emagcekeni angemuva, ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni, noma ezindaweni ezilinyazwe isiphepho lapho ama-ambulensi ebhekana nezikhathi ezinde zokuhamba, ukulawula ukopha okukhona ngokushesha kunquma ukuphila.

Isinyathelo 1: Ukumisa ukopha kwe-arterial eyinhlekelele (Iwindi Lemizuzu emi-3)¶

I-chainsaw kickback noma i-push-back ngokuvamile ihlasela izifunda ezine ze-anatomical: ithanga langaphambili kwesokunxele (umthambo wesifazane), ngemuva kwesandla sobunxele kanye nengalo (imithambo ye-radial/ulnar kanye ne-extensor tendons), ihlombe nentamo yesobunxele (subclavian, carotid, kanye ne-jugular* isitsha)

1. Veza isilonda bese ufaka ingcindezi esheshayo, eqinile eqondile: Bamba indwangu ewugqinsi ehlanzeke kunawo wonke etholakalayo (ingubo yokulimala ebhandeni lakho lokugawula, isikibha esigoqiwe, noma ithawula elihlanzekile) bese ucindezela phansi ngaso sonke isisindo somzimba wakho ngqo emthonjeni owophayo.
2. Faka i-windlass tourniquet ukuze uthole ukopha okukhulu kwengalo noma umlenze:
3. Ungachithi** isikhathi ngamabhande, izintambo zezicathulo, noma izintambo (ezisika isikhumba ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ingcindezi eyanele yokujikeleza ukuze kuvalwe umthambo wesifazane ojulile ngaphakathi kwethanga).
4. Beka i-windlass tourniquet yokuhweba (njenge-CAT noma i-SOFTT-W) amasentimitha angu-5 kuya kwangu-7 (amayintshi angu-2 kuya kwangu-3) ngaphezu kwenxeba le-chainsaw (eduze nomzimba, ungalokothi uqonde ngqo phezu kwe-kneecap noma i-elbow joint). Uma inxeba liphakeme kakhulu ethangeni futhi awukwazi ukusho ukuthi inxeba liphakama kangakanani ngaphansi kwama-chaps ama-chainsaw acwiliswe igazi, beka i-tourniquet "phezulu futhi iqinile" phezulu kakhulu kwekhilimu yethanga.
5. Donsa ibhande liqine ngangokunokwenzeka kuqala, bese usonta induku ye-windlass kuze kube yilapho ukopha okubomvu okugqamile kuyeka ngokuphelele, vala induku kusiqeshana, bese ubhala isikhathi sokufaka isicelo ebhandeni noma esiphongweni sesiguli; bona ukopha okukhulu kanye nesicelo se-tourniquet.
6. Ukupakishwa kwamanxeba kwentamo, ikhola, ikhwapha, noma ukusikeka kwe-groin junctional:
7. Awukwazi ukubeka i-tourniquet entanyeni, ehlombe, noma e-groin crease.
8. Dabula iphakethe le-hemostatic gauze (noma umqulu we-gauze oyinyumba engenalutho), phusha i-gauze ngeminwe yakho efakwe igilavu ​​ishone phansi ngaphansi kwesikhala senxeba maqondana nomkhumbi ophumayo kuze kube yilapho umgodi ugcwele uqine endaweni yesikhumba, bese ubamba ingcindezi eqhubekayo, engayeki yezandla ezimbili okungenani imizuzu emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 kuze kube yilapho zonke izinsiza zidlula indlela (kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo zithatha indlela).
9. Uma upakisha inxeba lasentanyeni, cindezela ngokuqinile phansi embotsheni yenxeba noma ngokudayagonali ubheke kwelinye ikhwapha ukuze ungachobozi uqhoqhoqho (uqhoqhoqho) phakathi nendawo yomphimbo.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Ukuphatha ama-avulsion flaps ama-ragged, ama-Kevlar chap fibers, nokuphuka kwamathambo¶

• Ungadonsi imicu ye-Kevlar ene-tufted noma i-ballistic inayiloni enxebeni lethanga le-chainsaw: Uma isaha le-chain lishaya ama-chaps ama-chainsaw avikelayo, ikhava yangaphandle iyavuleka bese kuqhuma izinkulungwane zemicu emide, eqinile ye-ballistic ephuma ku-pad ukuze iminyene i-sprocket ye-chainsaw drive futhi imise injini. Uma iketango lingena kancane esikhunjeni ngaphambi kokuba limile, amakhulu emicu engcolile, ama-wood chips, namaconsi kawoyela e-bar-and-chain azophingana ngaphakathi kwenyama edlangile. Shiya yonke imicu ejulile ukuze kukhishwe ukuhlinzwa kwegumbi lokuhlinza; vele umboze lonke inxeba ngesambatho esimanzi noma esomile esingenalutho bese ucindezela.
• Misa kabusha iziphepho ezinkulu zesikhumba ezimahlikihliki kahle kuphela uma kudingekile ukuze kunqandwe ukopha, bese ugoqa: Ngenxa yokuthi abasiki be-chainsaw baklebhula umsele obanzi wezicubu, amanxeba ajulile ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ukuhlukana kwamathambo okuhlanganisiwe kwe-radius, ulna, i-patella, noma i-femur; vimbela isitho ngentambo eqinile ngemva kokulawulwa ukopha; bona amathambo aphukile kanye nama-sprains.
• Vimbela i-hypothermia ezigulini ezophayo: Ukulahleka kwegazi okuphawulekayo kubhubhisa ngokushesha ikhono lomzimba lokujiyisa igazi lapho izinga lokushisa eliyisisekelo lehla (the lethal triad of trauma). Ngisho nangosuku oluthambile, phakamisa isiguli usifake kuphedi wegwebu elivalekile noma amagxolo omile/amajakhethi asuka endaweni ebandayo bese uwagoqa aphelele ngengubo yokulala eshisayo noma amajazi ewulu.

Izinto Ezisetshenziswayo Zokuzivikela Eziyimpoqo (i-PPE) kanye Nohlelo Lwezinyathelo Eziyisi-5 Lokuwisa¶

Ungalokothi uqale i-chainsaw, ngisho nokusikwa kwegatsha elingemuva kwendlu kwemizuzu emi-2, ngaphandle kokugqoka zonke izingcezu ezinhlanu zegiya eliqinisekisiwe lokuvikela amahlathi nokusungula indlela yakho yokubalekela:

Wonke umuntu osebenzisa i-chainsaw noma asuse izingodo zesiphepho kufanele agcine ikhithi yokulawula ukopha (equkethe ama-windlass tourniquets amabili, i-hemostatic gauze, kanye ne-pressure dressing) egundiswe ngqo ebhandeni lakhe noma ivesti elibonakalayo, elingashiywanga amamitha angu-200 elolini, futhi athathe isinyathelo esingokoqobo *Misa i-Bleid, i-Street * noma i-Ambulali yokuqala uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa kwezamahlathi olugunyaziwe.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa¶

Kungani i-chainsaw ihlehla ngokushesha, futhi iyiphi ingxenye yebha ebangela lokho?¶

I-kickback ejikelezayo kwenzeka lapho iketango elinyakazayo kuquadrant engenhla yekhala lebha yomhlahlandlela (ingxenye engaphezulu yethiphu eyindilinga) ithinta igatsha, ilogi yesibili, noma uhlangothi lokusikwa kokuncinza. Ngenxa yokuthi amazinyo eketango kulelo phuzu elingenhla ahamba aye phansi nangemuva ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-20 ngomzuzwana (45 mph), izinyo limba endaweni evimbelayo futhi lidlulise wonke amandla ajikelezayo enjini ukuze ashaye ibha ngobudlova phezulu nangemuva ngasekhanda lakho nasesifubeni ngemizuzwana engu-0.10 kuya ku-0.15. Ngenxa yokuthi ingqondo yomuntu ithatha okungenani imizuzwana engu-0.20 ukusabela, kufanele uthembele ekugcineni isithupha sakho sangakwesokunxele siboshwe ngaphansi kwesibambo sangaphambili kanye nokuba nebhuleki leketango elisebenzayo ukuze umise iketango.

Ama-chainsaw chaps empeleni ayimisa kanjani i-chainsaw blade?¶

Ama-chainsaw chaps awasebenzi njengezikhali eziqinile eziphambukisa inkaba; esikhundleni salokho, basebenza ngokuxhuma umshini wokushayela we-chainsaw. Ngaphansi kwegobolondo lenayiloni elingaphandle lama-chaps e-chainsaw aqinisekisiwe kuhlala izendlalelo eziningi ze-Kevlar elukiwe ngokukhululekile nemicu ye-polyester eyi-ballistic. Ngokuphazima kweso izinyo le-chainsaw lisika indwangu yangaphandle, ligxavuna izinkulungwane zale micu eqinile bese liyibuyisela emuva endaweni yekhala ye-chainsaw kanye ne-clutch yenjini, ivale futhi ikhiye i-drive sprocket iqine esikhathini esingaphansi kwengxenye yeshumi yomzuzwana ngaphambi kokuba amazinyo anqamule emlenzeni wakho.

Iyini “i-spring pole” ekukhucululeni isiphepho, futhi kungani kuyingozi kangaka ukuyisika?¶

I-spring pole iyisithombo esiphilayo noma igatsha eliwugqinsi eliphiniwe futhi lagotshwa libe yikhothamo eliqinile ngaphansi kwesisindo sesihlahla esikhulu esiwile. Ukhuni olugobile lugcina amandla amakhulu okunwebeka njengekati eliqhudekile. Uma ubeka i-chainsaw phezu kwejika eliqine kakhulu lokugoba futhi unqamule uqonde, imicu yokhuni eqinile igxuma ngamandla ku-60 kuya ku-100 km/h (37 kuya ku-62 mph), ikuphahlaze ebusweni, emhlathini, noma esifubeni noma ishaye i-chainsaw egijimayo ibuyele emzimbeni wakho. Hlala njalo udedele ukungezwani kancane kancane ngokushefa ama-engeli angajulile ohlangothini olungaphansi olucindezelwe lokugoba okukhulu ngenkathi umi ngaphandle kwendlela yokushwibeka eqondile.

Uma othile ebethelwe ngaphansi kwesiqu esisindayo sesihlahla esiwile, kungani kungafanele sivele sisisuse isihlahla kuye ngokushesha uma evaleleke ihora lonke?¶

Lapho isiqu somuthi esikhulu sichoboza izicubu ezinkulu zemilenze noma inyonga isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-15, amangqamuzana emisipha echotshoziwe ayaphuka kuyilapho ebulawa indlala yokugeleza kwegazi, akhe amazinga abulalayo e-potassium, i-myoglobin, ne-lactic acid ngaphakathi kwezitho eziboshiwe. Uma abatakuli bephakamisa umboko osindayo ngokuzumayo ngemva kwemizuzu engu-30 kuya kwengu-60 ngaphandle kokulungiselwa ukwelashwa, igazi ligijimela emuva emilenzeni echotshoziwe futhi likhukhuze eligxilise i-potassium ngqo enhliziyweni, okungabangela ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okuyingozi phakathi nemizuzu (i-reperfusion crush syndrome), kanye nokuwa ngokuzumayo komfutho wegazi. Ngaphandle kwalapho isifuba somuntu singakwazi ukuphefumula, vikela ugodo ekugingqikeni futhi uvumele abezimo eziphuthumayo baqale uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni kanye nemithi ngaphambi nje kokuba isisindo sisuswe.

Imithombo ihloliwe¶

• I-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): Izinga Lokusebenza Lokugawula (29 CFR 1910.266) kanye Nokusebenza Ngokuphepha Nge-Chainsaws Fact Sheet
• I-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH / CDC, United States): Ukuvimbela Ukulimala Kwama-Chain Saw Ngesikhathi Sokususwa Kwesihlahla Ngemva Kwenhlekelele Yemvelo
• I-Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Ama-Chainsaws Emsebenzini (INDG317) kanye Nemihlahlandlela Yokuphepha ye-AFAG Ekugawulweni Kwezihlahla, I-Windblow, ne-Hung-Up Trees
• I-United States Forest Service (USFS): Incwadi Yekhodi Yezempilo Nezokuphepha: I-Wildland Fire and Timber Felling Chainsaw Operations (Kickback, Spring Poles, and Barber Chairs)
• I-American College of Surgeons (ACS): Misa ukopha: Ukulawula ukopha, Ukufaka isicelo se-Tourniquet, kanye nokupakishwa kwe-Junctional Wound

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Ukopha kakhulu kanye nesicelo se-tourniquet
• Ukulimala kwe-Crush kanye ne-compartment syndrome
• Ukulimala komjovo womfutho ophezulu kanye nokukhahlela emuva kwethuluzi lamandla
• Ukuhlanza nokululama kwesiphepho nesiphepho
• Amathambo aphukile, ama-fractures, nama-sprains