I-Concrete Pump Hose Whip, Ukushaywa Kolayini Ovinjiwe, kanye ne-Mixer Drum Lockout Rescue¶

Amaphampu kakhonkolo afakwe ngeloli esimanje kanye namaphampu kalayini we-trailer asunduza ukhonkolo wesakhiwo omanzi ngamapayipi ensimbi namapayipi okubekwa kwenjoloba aguquguqukayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-hydraulic material phakathi kuka-70 no-200 bar (1,000 kanye no-2,900 wamaphawundi ngeyintshi yesikwele, noma i-psi). Ngokungafani namanzi noma uwoyela we-hydraulic, ukhonkolo omanzi uwudaka olungenakucindezelwa lwenhlanganisela yamatshe echotshoziwe, isihlabathi, unamathisele usimende, namanzi anesisindo esingu-*2,400 kilograms per cubic meter (150 pounds per cubic foot)**. Uma iphakethe lomoya livaleleke ngaphakathi kwepayipi lokulethwa ngesikhathi kuqaliswa iphampu, i-hopper cavitation, noma ngemva kokususa ukuvaleka kwedwala, i-piston kakhonkolo icindezela ibhamuza legesi libe 85+ ibha (1,200+ psi) ngemva kwepulaki eliqinile likakhonkolo. Ngokushesha lapho ipulaki likakhonkolo lifinyelela kunjoloba evulekile i-hose yokugcina (ipayipi lokuwisa) ilenga kwithiphu ye-boom, iphakethe lomoya elicindezelwe linwebeka ngokuqhuma izikhathi ezingu-80 ivolumu yayo ecindezelwe ngama-millisecond. amamitha angu-4 (amafidi angu-12), amakhilogremu angu-80 (amakhilogremu angu-175) epayipi lokugcina lerabha eliqiniswe ngocingo lishwiba ngodlame endaweni ethela okomdondoshiya wenkabi, ekwazi ukujikijela indoda yepayipi onqenqemeni lwe-slab ephakeme noma ibangele ugebhezi olubucayi olubulalayo kanye nokulimala kwesifuba.

Ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo ezintathu ezisongela ukuphila zenzeka eduze nokubekwa kukakhonkolo kanye namaloli asevele axubene: ukusebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe esikhundleni samanzi acindezelwe ukucisha ipayipi likakhonkolo elivimbekile noma ukuhlanza ibhola lesipontshi, ukufaka isigubhu sikakhonkolo esixubene nesilungile esijikelezayo esinojeke ohlabayo ukuze kukhishwe ukhonkolo oqinile ngaphandle kokufaka I-Lockout/i-tagout) ukusha kwekhemikhali ye-alkaline ejulile yezinga lesithathu (pH 12.5 kuya ku-13.5) lapho ukhonkolo omanzi ungena ngaphakathi kwamabhuzu okusebenza enjoloba noma uchaphaze emehlweni. Ukwazi ukuthi ungahlala kanjani ngaphandle kwerediyasi yokushwibeka yepayipi lokugcina ngesikhathi kuqaliswa iphampu, ukopha ukucindezela kwepayipi elivaleleke ngaphambi kokuqaqa i-snap clamp, kutakule isisebenzi esivaleleke ngaphakathi kwesigubhu se-mixer, futhi kunciphise ukushiswa kwe-chromium ene-hexavalent kanye ne-calcium hydroxide kusindisa izimpilo. Bheka izinombolo eziphuthumayo, ukulimala kwesibhamu somoya okucindezelwe kanye ne-air embolism, I-crane tip-over, ukwehla komthwalo okumisiwe, kanye nokuxhumana nolayini wamandla ongaphezulu, futhi usimende, ukhonkolo omanzi, ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali e-alkali, nokuchayeka kwamehlo omcako.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Chofoza inkinobho ebomvu ye-Emergency Stop (E-Stop) kusilawuli kude sephampu yephampu yesilawuli kude noma ohlangothini lweloli yephampu ngokushesha, bese uhlehlisa amapiston epompo kakhonkolo imivimbo engu-2 ukuya kwemi-3 ("munca emuva") uma umugqa uvimba noma ipayipi lokugcina iqala ukushaywa. Ukubuyisela emuva iphampu kakhonkolo ngokushesha kukhulula amabha angu-200- (1,000-to-2,900-psi) ingcindezi evaleleke ngaphakathi kwepayipi; UNGALOKOTHI uvule i-Victaulic noma i-Hevi-Duty snap coupling epayipini likakhonkolo elivalekile ngesikhathi lingaphansi kwengcindezi.
2. *Uma isisebenzi sishaywe ngepayipi likakhonkolo elishaywa ngesiswebhu, vikela umgogodla waso wesibeletho, usigcine singasheleli sisuka kumata aphakeme noma ama-rebar, futhi masinyane sihlole ukulimala okubuhlungu kobuchopho, isifuba esivulekayo, ukopha ngaphakathi esiswini, noma ukubethelwa esigxotsheni esingavaliwe. Shayela inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yasendaweni yase-United States, e-United States, nase-Canada (Canada) 999 e-United Kingdom); hlola izinombolo eziphuthumayo.
3. Uma isisebenzi esingaphakathi kwesigubhu sokuxuba ukhonkolo noma i-pump hopper sibanjwa noma siphiniwe ngokuzungezisa izinsimbi noma i-auger, vala injini yeloli yedizili kanye nedrayivu ye-hydraulic drive ngokushesha, shaya isigubhu ngokumelene namandla adonsela phansi ngokubuyisela emuva ngamapulangwe epulangwe ngaphambi kokusikwa noma ukuphakanyiswa, bese uqalisa i-Confined Space Rescue. Ungalokothi ugibele ngaphakathi kwe-mixer ephumayo ngaphandle kokukhipha ukhonkolo. iphampu yesigubhu se-hydraulic, kanye nokubopha ngokomzimba noma ukuvimba uhlaka lwesigubhu; bona ukuphelelwa umoya endaweni evalekile: imigodi, izisele, namathangi.
4. Uma i-boom kakhonkolo ithinta intambo yamandla kagesi ephezulu phezulu, umqhubi wepompo osebenzisa irimothi enezintambo noma oma elolini kufanele ahlale elolini (noma agxume abone izinyawo ndawonye ngaphandle kokuthinta iloli nomhlaba kanye kanye), kuyilapho abasebenzi abasedekhini yokuthela kufanele badedele ipayipi lerabha lokuvala ipayipi ngokushesha. Ukhonkolo omanzi ngaphakathi epayipini uhambisa ugesi onamandla kagesi uqonde ngqo embotsheni yerabha; bona Iloli lebhakede livale ukuthintana kwe-boom enezintambo zikagesi kanye nokuphunyuka komlilo okungaba yisinyathelo.
5. Uma ukhonkolo ocindezelwe omanzi, igrout kasimende, noma udaka luphephezela emehlweni omsebenzi ngenxa yepayipi eliqhumile noma insimbi ecindezelayo, geza amehlo ngokuqhubekayo ngamanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile noma usawoti oyinyumba okungenani imizuzu engu-20 ukuya kwengama-30 kuyilapho ubambe izinkophe zivuleke. Usimende we-Portland omanzi une-caustic 13.5p to 13.5p. incibilikisa i-cornea emaminithini ambalwa; bona ukulimala kwamehlo.
6. **Uma ukhonkolo omanzi uchitheka phakathi kwamabhuzu, amagilavu, noma ibhulukwe elicwilisiwe, khumula amabhuzu nezingubo ezingcolile ngokushesha, usule impushana eyomile, ugeze isikhumba ngamanzi agelezayo imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-20, bese ugcoba uviniga wasendlini obuthakathaka (i-acetic acid ehlanjululwe) noma i-pH-buffering solution kuphela ngemva kokutusa i-pH ye-poisoning ye-nerve. ibhubhisa i-dermis ejulile, idale ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali okwezinga lesithathu okungenabuhlungu kuwo wonke ama-shins namaqakala.

Isihlahla sesinqumo: iphampu kakhonkolo, ukuqhunyiswa kwamapayipi, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwesimo esiphuthumayo kwesigubhu sokuxuba¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Iphampu Kakhonkolo, Ipayipi, noma I-Ready-Mix Drum Emergency"] --> Incident{"Hlobo luni lwesimo esiphuthumayo semishini kakhonkolo eyenzeke?"}
    Incident -->|"I-End-Hose Whip noma Umthelela Wokuqhunyiswa Kwe-Cpressurized Coupling"| Whip["1. Shaya i-E-Stop kusilawuli kude bese uhlehlisa iphampu imivimbo engu-2 ukuya kwemi-3 ukuze ucindezele umugqa wokopha; 2. Ukuzinzisa ikhanda nentamo yesisulu ku-slab/deck; vimbela ukuwa kusuka onqenqemeni lwe-formwork; 3. Lawula ukopha kakhulu futhi uhlole ukushuba kwe-pneumothorax noma ukubethelwa kwe-rebar; 4. Shayela ku-911 / 112 / 999 ukuze uthole ukuthutha okuhlukumezekile kanye nokukhipha ubhasikidi we-crane uma ukuphakama okuphezulu"]
    Incident -->|"Isisebenzi Sibhajwe Kusigubhu Esixutshwayo noma Esiyi-Concrete Hopper Auger"| Drum["1. Shaya i-E-Stop futhi uvale injini yeloli likadizili ngokushesha; 2. Amabhulokhi amapulangwe ngaphansi kwegobolondo lesigubhu kangangokuthi usimende osindayo osuka phakathi nendawo awukwazi ukugingqa isigubhu; 3. Shayela ku-911 / 112 / 999 ukuze uthole Isikhala Esivaliwe & Ithimba Lokukhipha Okusindayo; 4. Ventilate isigubhu futhi ulawule ukopha nge tourniquet uma kufinyeleleka"]
    Incident -->|"I-Concrete Boom Ithintwa Ulayini Wamandla Ophezulu Ophezulu Ophezulu"| PowerLine["1. Yehlisa ipayipi lokuphela kwerabha ngokushesha; ikholomu kakhonkolo emanzi iqhuba ugesi; 2. Gcina zonke izisebenzi okungenani ziyi-10 m (35 ft) kude neloli elimpompa, iziqhumane, nepayipi; 3. Umshayeli weloli uhlala ngaphakathi ngaphandle uma iloli lisha (bese gxuma izinyawo ndawonye bese gxuma/shova); 4. Shayela isevisi kanye no-911/112/999 ukuze unciphise ulayini ngaphambi kokusondela kwabalimele"]
    Incident -->|"I-Caustic Concrete Eye Splash noma i-Wet Boot Skin Skin Burn (pH 13)"| Burn["1. Ukuchaphaza kwamehlo: Nisela ngokuqhubekayo ngamanzi ahlanzekile/saline imizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30+; 2. Ukushiswa kwebhuthi/isikhumba: Susa amabhuzu namasokisi/amabhulukwe afakwe usimende ngokushesha; 3. Hlanza isikhumba ngamanzi agelezayo imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20; ungawakhuhli amabhamuza aluhlaza; 4. Ezokuthutha eziya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo noma Isikhungo Sokusha ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa kwamehlo/ukusha"]

I-physics yesiswebhu sepayipi likakhonkolo kanye nokuqhuma kwamapayipi okuvimbile¶

Kungani umoya ovaleleke uphendule ipayipi likakhonkolo libe inganono¶

Iphampu kakhonkolo ye-hydraulic piston isebenza ngokudweba ukhonkolo omanzi kusuka ku-hopper eyamukelayo enyakazayo ibe ngamasilinda wempahla ashintshanayo bese iwuphusha epayipini lokulethwa kwensimbi elinobubanzi obuncishisiwe (ngokuvamile amamilimitha angu-125 / amayintshi angu-5 ububanzi bangaphakathi). Uma nje bonke ubude bepayipi bungamaphesenti angu-100 agcwaliswe ngokhonkolo omanzi oqinile, ongenakucindezelwa, ukhonkolo uphuma epayipini lokugcina lerabha ngokushelela ngesivinini esilawulwayo esingu-*1 kuya ku-2 wamamitha ngomzuzwana (3 kuya ku-6 amafidi ngomzuzwana)**.

Lokho kugeleza okungaguquki kuguquka kuqhume ngesikhathi umoya ocindezelayo ungena epayipini eduze kukakhonkolo:

1. Indlela amaphakethe omoya angena ngayo kulayini kakhonkolo:
2. Ukuqaliswa kwephampu kokuqala kanye nokuqalisa: Ngaphambi kokuba i-cubic meter yokuqala kakhonkolo igcwalise amapayipi ahamba phambili, izingxenye ze-boom ziqukethe amakhulu wamalitha omoya. Njengoba ukhonkolo uphonswa phezu kwehinge "A-frame" ephezulu ye-boom, ukhonkolo osindayo ungashelela phansi epayipini le-boom elehlayo ngokushesha kunokuba liphonswa, livale iphakethe lomoya elikhulu ngemuva kwalo.
3. I-Hopper cavitation (ivumela i-hopper ukuthi ihambe phansi): Uma iloli esele ilungile iphuma kancane kakhulu futhi ileveli kakhonkolo ngaphakathi kwehopper ethola iphampu yehla ngaphansi kwephezulu i-S-valve (i-valve yedwala) noma izimbobo ze-cylinder ezibonakalayo, ama-piston amunca umoya esilinda phakathi kwama-slugs kakhonkolo.
4. Ukuma kwamadwala nokuvinjwa kokuhlukaniswa ("Kuyapakishwa"): Uma ingxube kakhonkolo engafakwanga kahle, inqwaba yenhlanganisela eyomile engaxutshiwe, noma isethi ukhonkolo yakha ipulaki emise okwe wedge kusinciphisi sepayipi, indololwane, noma indawo yokuhlanganisa, ukhonkolo ongemuva kwepulaki uyeka ukuhamba kuyilapho i-hydraulic impompa ngokuzenzakalelayo imisa i-5 bar* 2 1,200 kuya ku-2,900 psi**).
5. Umthetho kaBoyle kanye nokunwetshwa komoya okuphezulu kakhulu ekugcineni kwehose:
6. Uma iphakethe lomoya elingamalitha angu-50 livaleleke ngaphakathi epayipini elivalekile noma phakathi kwamaslug amabili asindayo kakhonkolo, futhi iphampu icindezela lelo phakethe lomoya libe85 bar (1,230 psi), iphakethe lomoya liyancipha libe ngaphansi kuka-0.6 amalitha, ligcine amandla amakhulu anamandla njengesiphethu sensimbi esigoqiwe.
7. Lapho ukuvinjelwa kuvuleka kungazelelwe, noma lapho ibhamuza lomoya elicindezelwe lifika ekugcineni kwepayipi lokuwisa iraba lapho ukucindezela komkhathi kuyibha engu-1 kuphela, iphakethe lomoya liyanwebeka 85-okuphindwe ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-0.05.
8. Ishisa amakhilogremu asele angama-50 kuye kwayi-100 (amaphawundi angu-110 kuye kwangama-220) kakhonkolo futhi inyakaze iphume emlonyeni njenge-grapeshot ngaphezu** kwamamitha angu-50 ngomzuzwana (110 mph)**, kuyilapho ukusunduza okusebenzayo kubangela esindayo 125-millimeter (5-intshi) imbobo yokuphela kwenjoloba ukuba igaxe izingcezu ezintsha ezingu-30* amandla omphumela wangemuva**.

Imithetho yokusebenza ephephile yokuvikela ukulimala kwesiswebhu sepayipi (ACPA & ASME B30.27)¶

Wonke umuntu osebenzisa iphampu kakhonkolo, i-hose-man, kanye nesisebenzi esithelayo kufanele asebenzise imithetho emihlanu yokuphepha okungaxoxiswana nayo esungulwe i-American Concrete Pumping Association (ACPA), OSHA 29 CFR 1926.702, kanye ne-ASME B30.27:

• Umthetho 1: Gcina bonke abasebenzi bangaphandle kwendawo eyingozi yethumbu lokugcina ngesikhathi sokuqalisa bese uqala kabusha. Lapho uqala ukuthela, uqala kabusha ngemva kokususa into evalekile, noma lapho kuzwakala umoya ugobhoza/ukhafulela kulayini, asikho isisebenzi esivunyelwe ukubamba ipayipi lokuvala lerabha. Wonke umuntu kumelwe ame ngaphandle kwendawo elingana nokuthi okungenani ubude obugcwele bepayipi lerabha lokugcina (ubuncane bamamitha angu-4 ukuya kwangu-5 / 12 kuya ku-16 amafidi). Kungemva kokuba umoya usuhlanzeke ngokuphelele futhi kugeleza nokugeleza kukakhonkolo okuzinzile, okubushelelezi lapho umuntu wepayipi angase angene futhi aqondise ipayipi.
• Umthetho 2: Qinisekisa ikhebula lokugcina lepayipi lethumbu lokugcina (isheke-whip) kanye nokucushwa okuphethe isiphetho esisodwa. Ipayipi lerabha lokugcina elilengiswe kuphuzu le-boom kufanele livikelwe ngensimbi elinganiselwe ikhebula lokugcina ukuphepha noma iketango (isheke-whip) eliboshwe ngaphesheya kwe-boom engaphezulu exhumanisayo, inqamuke i-coupling ukuze uma intambo inqamuke. Ipayipi eligcwele amakhilogremu angu-80 (amaphawundi angu-175) alikwazi ukuwela kubasebenzi ngezansi. Iphansi elikhiphayo lepayipi elilengayo kufanele libe AKUKHO ukuhlanganisa kwensimbi okunamathiselwe.
• Umthetho 3: Ungalinge ukhabe, ugobe, noma ugxavune ipayipi lerabha lokugcina. Ungalokothi uzame ukumisa ukugeleza kukakhonkolo lapho uhamba phakathi kwamafomu odongeni ngokugoqa noma ukucikicilela ipayipi lerabha lokugcina; i-kinking icupha umoya ocindezelwe futhi idale ipulaki ye-rock esheshayo ekhipha ipayipi ezandleni zakho lapho ikhishwa. Ungalokothi ubambe ipayipi lokuvala eligone esifubeni sakho noma elixhunywe phakathi kwemilenze yakho.
• Umthetho 4: Hlehlisa iphampu ("munca emuva") ngaphambi kokuvula noma iyiphi insimbi yokuqinisa ipayipi. Uma ulayini wephampu uxhunywa, u-opharetha wephampu kufanele ayeke ngokushesha ukumpompa ukuya phambili futhi ajikelezise iphampu kokuthi REVERSE okungenani imivimbo emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3 egcwele kuze kube yilapho igeji ye-hydraulic pressure yehla ibe ziro. Izisebenzi ezithungatha ipulaki ngokuthepha ipayipi lensimbi ngesando (abalalele ukuduma okucashile uma kuqhathaniswa nendandatho engenalutho) kufanele bagqoke izihlangu zobuso futhi bame eceleni lapho bechofoza vula i-snap clamp, njengoba umoya oyinsalela ovaleleke usengakwazi ukufafaza udaka lwe-caustic.
• Umthetho 5: Sebenzisa amanzi anomfutho, UNGALOKOTHI ocindezelwe umoya, ukuze usule ulayini ovimbekile noma ukhiphe ibhola elihlanzekile noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka. Ukuphephuka umugqa omude ophansi noma ipayipi le-boom nge-compressor yomoya enomfutho omkhulu kushintsha ibhola lesipontshi seraba nepulaki likakhonkolo libe igobolondo lesibhamu esibulalayo. Ngaphansi kwe-klzzwxh:0055 kanye ne-**E Construction Guidance, umoya ocindezelwe-ukukhipha umoya akuvunyelwe ngokuqinile ngaphandle umukugeza kwamanzi kungenakwenzeka ngokwenyama, ikhanda elingena komoya kanye nobhasikidi wokuthulula (umbambeli webhola) kuboshwe ngokuvikelekile ekugcineni kwerabha, insimbi iboshwe ngokuvikelekile ekugcineni kwerabha wonke umsebenzi uyasuswa endaweni yokukhishwa.

I-Ready-mix mixer concrete drum kanye ne-pump hopper lockout yokuhlenga¶

Kungani ukufaka isigubhu sokuxuba ukhonkolo ukuze ukhihlize ukhonkolo oqinile kubulala kangaka¶

Emavikini amaningi okudonsa ukhonkolo osulungile, ukhonkolo oyinsalela uyaqina eduze kwamaphiko okuhlanganisa asontekile ("T-blades") ngaphakathi komgqomo wensimbi ojikelezayo weloli lokuhlanganisa izinto ezihambayo, kunciphisa umthamo kanye nokulahla isigubhu ngaphandle kokulingana. Ngezikhathi ezithile, izisebenzi kufanele zigibele ku-45-to-55-centimeter (18-to-22-inch) encane yokushaja* noma ikhoni yokushaja yangemuva ngesando sokukhipha umoya (i-jackhammer) ukuze zihlikihle amakhilogremu angu-500 kuya ku-2,000 (1,100 kuya ku-4,400 wamaphawundi) kakhonkolo oqinile

Ukufaka isigubhu sengxube kakhonkolo kuhlanganisa Izingozi Zesikhala Esivaliwe nezicupho ezimbili ezicindezelayo eziwumshini (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146 kanye Ne-OSHA Directive CPL 02-00-100):

1. Ukuqala kwenjini ngengozi noma ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic drum lever: Uma injini yeloli ishiywe isebenza kumasistimu omoya aphehla amandla noma uma umshayeli egibela kubhasikidi futhi agibe iloli ukuze ayisuse endaweni yokuwasha ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi kunomshini wokushibilika ongaphakathi kwesigubhu, ama-spiral blades ayawa bese egunda isisebenzi ngekhoni yensimbi ngemizuzwana.
2. I-"drum rollback" ebangelwa amandla adonsela phansi injini IVIKE ngokuphelele: Ngisho nalapho injini kadizili ivaliwe futhi nokhiye wokuthungela uvaliwe, isigubhu se-mixer esinamakhilogremu angu-1,000 (amakhilogremu angu-2,200) sikakhonkolo oqinile obambelele ohlangothini olulodwa lwegobolondo langaphakathi* sinzima kakhulu. Njengoba isisebenzi siqopha ukhonkolo phansi noma sikhuphukela ohlangothini olulodwa lwamaphiko angaphakathi, noma uma ingcindezi ye-hydraulic ngaphakathi kwe-hydrostatic drum-drive motor yopha kancane kancane ama-seal angaphakathi, isisindo esingekho maphakathi senza ukuthi isigubhu esinamathani amaningi sigingqike 90 kuya ku-180 degrees by gravity, sichoboze isisebenzi ngaphansi kwezilayidi eziwayo kanye nokuvula uhlaka lukakhonkolo.

Ukukhiya Okuphoqelekile/I-Tagout (LOTO) nokuvinjwa ngokomzimba ngaphambi kokungena kwesigubhu¶

Ngaphambi kokuthi noma yisiphi isisebenzi sibeke ikhanda noma umzimba waso ngaphakathi kwesigubhu sengxube kakhonkolo noma sinyathele empompini kakhonkolo ethola i-hopper grate:

• Ngezigubhu Zokuhlanganisa Ukhonkolo:
• Vala injini yeloli, khipha ukhiye wokuthungela, bese ubeka ilokhi ye-Lockout/Tagout (LOTO)* yomuntu siqu emshinini wokuxhuma oyinhloko yebhethri kanye nesiteringi/umnyango wekhebhu.
• Nciphisa futhi unqamule noma ukhiye i-hydrostatic hydraulic hydraulic drum-drive pump control linkage.
• Vimba ngokoqobo igobolondo lesigubhu ngokumelene nokuzungezisa amandla adonsela phansi kuzo ZOMBILI izikhombisi-ndlela: Faka amaweji okhuni oluqinile (amashokhi) aqine phakathi kwegobolondo lesigubhu sensimbi yangaphandle/iringi le-roller kanye nesisekelo se-chassis yeloli nhlangothi zombili, FUTHI usonge iketango le-alloy elilinganiselwe noma uhlanganise iphinikhodi yokukhiya isigubhu esiwumshini uma idramu ingakwazi ngisho nephini lokukhiya isigubhu esiqinile.
• Nikeza ngokuqhubekayo komoya ophoqelelwe, isivikelo sokuphefumula kothuli lwe-silica, kanye nesisebenzi esivalekile esikhala esiqeqeshiwe esimi ngaphandle kwe-hatch.
• Okwamapumpu Kakhonkolo Owamukela Ama-Hopper (i-S-Tube ne-Remixer Auger):
• Ungalokothi unyathele igridi yokuphepha yensimbi phezu kwe-hopper yephampu kakhonkolo ngenkathi injini isebenza, futhi ungalokothi ufinyelele noma uphakamise i-hopper grate ukuze usule i-rock jam ngezandla zakho noma ngefosholo ngenkathi amandla asebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi esebenza.
• I-S-valve (i-valve yedwala) engaphakathi kwe-hopper ishintsha iye emuva naphambilingamathani amaningana wamandla okugunda amanzi adalwe i-hydraulic accumulator eshajwa yi-nitrogen esebenza ku-140 kuya kubha engu-200 (2,000 kuya ku-2,900 psi).
• Isexwayiso esibalulekile se-accumulator: Ngokumane ushaye i-E-Stop noma ukuvala injini yeloli yephampu kadizili AKUYEnzi i-hopper iphephe ngaphandle kwalapho i-nitrogen hydraulic accumulator yokopha ivalvu ivuliwe kanye negeji yokucindezela ifundeka 0 bar (0 psi); umfutho we-nitrogen ogciniwe ku-accumulator ungashisa i-S-valve emaceleni okokugcina ngamandla anele okunquma umlenze noma ingalo ngaso leso sikhathi; bona Ukuqhuma kwepayipi le-hydraulic hose, ukuthungela kwesifutho soketshezi olushisayo, kanye ne-accumulator yopha.

Ukuhlenga isinyathelo ngesinyathelo kwesisebenzi esivaleleke kusigubhu se-mixer noma i-pump hopper¶

1. Vala amandla bese wopha i-hydraulic accumulator (kumapumpu hopper):
2. Ku-concrete pump hopper, vala injini yedizili FUTHI uphendule ngokushesha imanuwali i-accumulator dump/valvu yokopha ibe uziro ngaphambi kokufaka izisakazeli zokuhlenga ezinama-hydraulic, noma ishubhu ye-S ingase ibuyele esithweni sesisulu lapho ikhululwa.
3. Ekufakweni kwesigubhu sengxube kakhonkolo, vala injini yeloli futhi ngokushesha ushayele amaweji ezingodo ngaphansi kwezinhlangothi zombili zegobolondo lesigubhu sensimbi yangaphandle ukuze isigubhu singahlehle siye emuva lapho umlenze wesisulu ukhululiwe.
4. Ungalokothi uphendukise isigubhu se-mixer ngaphansi kwamandla ukuze ukhulule isisebenzi esivaleleke: Ukuzama "ukugijima" i-hydraulic drum lever ihlehle ibuyisela emuva ngokungalindelekile futhi kuvame ukudonsa isisulu sijule ku-T-blades ezungezayo. Esikhundleni salokho, abasebenzi bosizo lomlilo bazosebenzisa amathoshi e-oxy-acetylene / plasma, izinti zokusika ezishisayo, noma ama-hydraulic cutters asindayo ukuze asike iwindi lokufinyelela ngegobolondo lesigubhu sensimbi elingu-5-millimeter (3/16-intshi) noma asike i-fin yokuhlanganisa yangaphakathi kude nesisulu ngenkathi epholisa insimbi ngezifutho zamanzi futhi sivikela izinto ezingenalutho.
5. Faka i-tourniquet ngaphambi kokukhulula isitho esichotshoziwe noma esinqanyuliwe: Uma i-auger noma i-S-valve ichoboze noma inqanyulwe ingxenye ingalo noma umlenze ngaphakathi kwehopper kakhonkolo, sebenzisa i-windlass tourniquet amasentimitha angu-5 ukuya kwangu-7 (2 kuya ku-3 amayintshi) uma i-auger noma i-S-valve iphule noma inqamule ingalo noma umlenze phakathi kwe-hopper kakhonkolo. udaka; bona ukopha.

Ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali kakhonkolo we-alkaline (pH 13) nokuchaphazeka kwamehlo¶

Kungani ukhonkolo omanzi ubangela ukusha okungenabuhlungu kwezinga lesithathu ("Cement Poisoning")¶

Impushana kasimende eyomile yasePortland iqukethe i-calcium oxide (i-quicklime). Amanzi asheshayo axutshwe nosimende ukuze enze ukhonkolo osulungile, udaka, noma i-shotcrete, ukusabela kwekhemikhali hydration kukhiqiza saturated calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ne-potassium hydroxide, okuphakamisa i-alkalinity yokunamathisela kwamanzi amanzi kube yi-caustic ephezulu pH ka-12.5 kuya ku-13.5., cishe njengoketshezi oluhlanzekile njenge-alkaline ehlanzekile. I-Trace i-chromium ene-hexavalent (Cr VI) kusimende iphinda ibangele i-aleji eqinile ye-allergies contact dermatitis.

Ngokungafani nama-acids aqinile, ahlanganisa amaprotheni esikhumba abe uqweqwe oluvikelayo (eschar) olukhawulela ukungena okujulile futhi abangele ubuhlungu obuhlabayo obubukhali, ama-alkali aqinile afana nokhonkolo omanzi enza okuphambene ncamashi:

1. I-Liquefaction necrosis kanye ne-saponification: I-calcium ne-potassium hydroxide iguqula amafutha emvelo esikhumbeni somuntu abe insipho (saponification), ancibilikisa ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana futhi aqhubeke ajule emafutheni angaphansi kwesikhumba, imisipha, kanye nemisipha inqobo nje uma usimende omanzi usele esikhumbeni.
2. Ukubhujiswa kwemizwa ekhohlisayo ("Ukushiswa kwebhuthi"): Lapho ukhonkolo omanzi wehlela phezu kwamabhuzu enjoloba yesisebenzi noma ucwiliswa ngamabhulukwe okusebenza aguqe ngamadolo, i-alkali ibhubhisa ama-receptors obuhlungu angaphezulu kuyilapho isihlabathi esihubhukayo netshe ligaya i-epidermis engaphandle. Ngenxa yokuthi ukusabela kwe-hydration kufudumeza ukhonkolo kancane, isisebenzi sizwa ukufudumala okuncane noma ukulunywa kuphela futhi siyaqhubeka nokusebenza2 kuya kumahora angu-6. Lapho ekugcineni bekhumula amabhuzu abo namasokisi ekupheleni kweshifti, isikhumba esiphezu kwamanqina, amaqakala, nezinyawo siba mpunga, isikhumba, noma siphuma ukuqina okugcwele kwezilonda zamakhemikhali zezinga lesithathu ezidinga ukuxhunyelelwa esikhumbeni ngokuhlinzwa.

Usizo lokuqala lokusha kwesikhumba sikakhonkolo esimanzi kanye nokuchaphazeka kwamehlo¶

1. Ngokhonkolo Omanzi noma I-Grout Emehlweni (Isimo Esiphuthumayo Se-Ophthalmic):
2. Qala ukugezisa iso emizuzwaneni eyi-10 usebenzisa isiteshi sokugeza amehlo esithobela i-ANSI, usawoti ohlanzekile, nanoma yimuphi umpompi ogelezayo ohlanzekile noma amanzi asebhodleleni.
3. Bamba amajwabu amehlo uvule ngeminwe yakho, gingqa inhlamvu yeso nhlangothi zonke, bese uphendulela ngobumnene (phephisa) amajwabu amehlo angaphezulu nangaphansi ukuze ugeze isihlabathi esivalelekile kanye nezinhlayiya ze-lime emifantwini ejulile ye-cul-de-sac (fornices); izinhlayiya zikasimende ezigciniwe ngaphansi kwejwabu leso eliphezulu zizoqhubeka nokuncibilikisa i-cornea amahora.
4. Qhubeka nokunisela okungaphazamiseki okungenani imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 yonke indlela eya esibhedlela; bona ukulimala kwamehlo futhi usimende, ukhonkolo omanzi, ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali e-alkali, nokuchayeka kwamehlo omcako.
5. Ngokhonkolo Omanzi Esikhumbeni noma Emabhuthini Angaphakathi:
6. Khipha amabhuzu, amasokisi, amagilavu, namabhulukwe afakwe usimende ngokushesha.
7. Hlanza noma iyiphi impushana kasimende eyomile kuqala (ukwengeza ukuchaphaza kwamanzi kancane ukomisa usimende kwenza kusebenze ukusabela kwe-alkali exothermic; sebenzisa amanzi ahambayo anevolumu ephezulu njalo).
8. Geza isikhumba ngaphansi kwamanzi apholile agobhozayoimizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20 usebenzisa insipho emaphakathi ne-pH engathathi hlangothi ukuze ususe unamathisele usimende onamathelayo ngaphandle kokukhuhla izicubu eziluhlaza.
9. Ukusebenzisa uviniga ogobile esikhumbeni esiqinile noma esibomvu kancane: Ngoba i-calcium hydroxide ibopha ngenkani amaprotheni esikhumba ngisho nangemva kokugeza ngamanzi alula, imihlahlandlela yokuphepha ekhonkolo yasemsebenzini (okubandakanya NIOSH, OSHA, kanye ACPA) phawula ukuthi ukuhlanza indlu kasimende nge-asidi ecwebile engu-5% kuhlanjululwe ngesikhumba esimhlophe esine-asidi noma isixazululo sokuhweba se-pH-buffering** ngemva kokushaywa kwamanzi kokuqala kusiza ukwenza i-alkalinity yensalela yendawo ibe lula esikhumbeni esingaguquki. Ungatheli* uviniga emehlweni noma emanxebeni awophayo ajulile.
10. Mboza noma yiziphi izindawo ezinamabhamuza, ezimpunga, noma ezingavuthiwe nge-gauze eyinyumba engenalutho futhi ufune ukuhlolwa kokusha kwezokwelapha ngokushesha; bona ukusha.

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo zesifunda kanye nezinqubomgomo ze-ejensi¶

Uma ucela usizo oluphuthumayo endaweni yokuthela ukhonkolo, cacisa ukuthi isigameko sibandakanya yini ukuhlukumezeka kwesiswebhu sepayipi le-high-pressure, isisebenzi esivaleleke kusigubhu se-mixer/hopper, intambo kagesi engaphezulu, noma ukutakula kwedekhi ephezulu edinga ubhasikidi we-tower crane man-basket. Bheka izinombolo eziphuthumayo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa¶

Kungani ipayipi lerabha yephampu kakhonkolo ishaya ngokuzumayo kudekhi?¶

Ipayipi likakhonkolo lishaya iziswebhu lapho iphakethe lomoya ocindezelayo livaleleka ngaphakathi kwepayipi lokudiliva, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sokuqala kwepompo, ngemva kokwengeza noma ukuvula ingxenye yepayipi, lapho i-hopper eyamukelayo yehla kakhulu futhi imunca umoya kumasilinda, noma ngemva kokuvaleka kwetshe. Ngenxa yokuthi iphampu kakhonkolo esebenza ngogesi isebenza kumabha angama-70 kuye kwangama-200 (1,000 kuya ku-2,900 psi), lelo phakethe lomoya elivaleleke licindezelwa kufika kumfutho womoya ophindwe izikhathi ezingu-80 ngemuva kwe-slug esindayo sikakhonkolo. Ngokuphazima kweso ipulaki likakhonkolo lisula ichopho lepayipi lerabha elilengayo, umoya ocindezelwe unwebeka kakhulu ngama-millisecond, udubula uquqaba njengenganono futhi ushaye ipayipi elingamakhilogremu angu-80 (amaphawundi angu-175) emibuthanweni enobudlova.

Kungani kungekho emthethweni futhi kuyingozi ukubeka insimbi engxenyeni engezansi yokukhipha ipayipi le-boom end-hose?¶

Ipayipi lokuphela kwerabha elijwayelekile (ipayipi lokuwisa) lidizayinelwe ukuthi libe nokuhlangana kwensimbi kuphela ekugcineni kwayo lapho ibambelela khona kwithiphu ye-boom yensimbi, ishiye isiphetho sokuphuma esiphansi njengerabha ethambile, engahlanganisiwe ("ipayipi elinendawo eyodwa"). Uma isisebenzi sinamathisela ipayipi elineziphetho ezimbili noma sishiya ibhande lensimbi, isinciphisi, noma insimbi enamathiselwe ethiphu eliphansi elilengayo lamahhala, futhi iphakethe lomoya libangela ukuthi ipayipi lishaye, lokho kuhlangana kwensimbi esindayo kushwibeka ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-30 ngomzuzwana (70 mph), kusebenze njengebhola elibhidlizayo eliphihliza izigqoko eziqinile, izimbambo, ama-ribs.

Kungani ungalokothi usebenzise umoya ocindezelwe ukusula ulayini wepompo kakhonkolo oxhunyiwe lapho amanzi anomfutho etholakala?¶

Lapho ipayipi likakhonkolo lixhuma futhi izisebenzi zixhuma i-compressor yomoya enomfutho ophezulu ukuze isunduze ibhola lesipontshi lapho livalekile, bonke ubude bepayipi elingemuva kokuvimbekile bugcwala umoya ocindezelwe ogcinwe njengesiphethu esikhulu somoya. Lapho ukuvinjwa kukakhonkolo kuxega futhi kuqala ukunyakaza, ukungqubuzana kwehla ngokuzumayo futhi umoya ocindezelwe okhulayo usheshisa i-slug esindayo sikakhonkolo kanye nebhola lesipontshi phansi ngepayipi ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngaphandle uma ipayipi lokuvala lerabha likhishiwe futhi nesibambi sebhola sensimbi esiqinisekisiwe siboshelwa ekugcineni kwepayipi elihanjiwe, ipulaki yokukhipha kanye nepayipi lokushwiba kuzobulala noma ubani ophambi kwayo. Amanzi anomfutho awacindezeli, ngakho-ke ngokushesha nje lapho ipulaki inyakaza, ingcindezi iyehla ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokwanda kokuqhuma.

Isigubhu esixuba ukhonkolo singachoboza kanjani isisebenzi esingaphakathi kuso ngisho nalapho injini yeloli ivaliwe?¶

Izisebenzi ezigibela ngaphakathi kwesigubhu sikakhonkolo esixubene nokhonkolo ukuze zikhiphe ukhonkolo oqinile zibhekana nengozi ebulalayo yamandla adonsela phansi ebizwa ngokuthi i-drum rollback. Uma amakhilogremu angu-500 kuya ku-1,500 (amaphawundi angu-1,100 kuya kwangu-3,300) kakhonkolo oqinile enamathele ngokungalingani ohlangothini olulodwa lwengaphakathi lomgqomo, isigubhu asilingani kakhulu. Ngisho noma injini kadizili icishiwe kanye nokhiye wokuthungela ususiwe, njengoba isisebenzi sikhipha ukhonkolo kude noma uma uketshezi olusebenza ngamanzi opha kancane ludlule izigxivizo ze-hydrostatic drive motor, amandla adonsela phansi abangela ukuthi uhlangothi olusindayo lwesigubhu sensimbi esinamathani amaningi lugingqike luye phansi ngamadigri angu-90 kuya kwangu-180, luchoboze isisebenzi ngaphakathi noma lusiphuce lapho kuchanyuselwa khona. Ngaso sonke isikhathi faka amabhlogo okhuni oluqinile ngaphansi kwezinhlangothi zombili zegobolondo lesigubhu bese ubopha isigubhu ngaphambi kokungena.

Kungani ukusha kukakhonkolo omanzi ngaphakathi kwamabhuzu okusebenza kuvame ukungabonakali kuze kube yizimo eziphuthumayo zokuhlinzwa zezinga lesithathu?¶

I-Wet Portland Cement paste ine-pH ye-caustic engu-12.5 kuya ku-13.5 ngenxa ye-calcium, i-sodium, ne-potassium hydroxides ekhiqizwa lapho usimende uhlangana namanzi. Uma ukhonkolo omanzi ugobhoza ngaphakathi emabhuzuni esisebenzi noma ucwiliswa ebhulukweni eliguqile, i-alkali eqinile incibilikisa amafutha esikhumba (i-saponification) futhi ibhubhise iziphetho zemizwa ebuhlungu kuyilapho isihlabathi esilumayo sisusa ungqimba lwesikhumba olungaphandle. Ngenxa yokuthi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali zizwa ukufudumala okuncane kuphela futhi kwenza isikhumba sibe ndikindiki, izisebenzi zivame ukushiya ukhonkolo omanzi ngaphakathi emabhuzuni azo amahora amaningi, zithole ekupheleni kosuku ukuthi amanqina namaqakala athinteke ngokujulile, ukuqina okugcwele kwamakhemikhali ashise okwesithathu okudinga ukuxhunyelelwa isikhumba.

Lo mhlahlandlela uhlinzeka ngokuphepha kwempahla yokwakha, ukukhiya ngaphandle/i-tagout, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlukumezeka eziphuthumayo nokushiswa futhi awuthathi indawo yokuqeqeshwa komsebenzisi wephampu kakhonkolo oqinisekisiwe noma ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuchwepheshile. Cabangela ukuthatha usizo lokuqala emsebenzini kanye nesifundo se-CPR usebenzisa i-Red Cross, i-St John Ambulance, noma isikhulu sakho kazwelonke sokuphepha kwezokwakha.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Ukulimala kwesibhamu somoya esicindezelwe kanye ne-air embolism
• Ukuphefumula kwendawo evalekile: imigodi, izisele, namathangi
• Ukuqhuma kwepayipi lepayipi le-Hydraulic, ukuthungela kwesifutho soketshezi olushisayo, kanye ne-accumulator yopha phansi
• Usimende, ukhonkolo omanzi, ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali e-alkali, nokuchayeka kwamehlo e-lime
• Ukulimala kwamehlo

Imithombo neziqondiso ezisemthethweni¶

• I-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): 29 CFR 1926.701 & 1926.702 Izimfuneko Zezisetshenziswa Namathuluzi Okwakha Ukhonkolo Nokwakha Ngamatshe kanye Ne-OSHA Concrete Manufacturing Confined Space Directive
• I-American Concrete Pumping Association (ACPA) & ASME: ASME B30.27 Material Placement Systems Safety Standard kanye ne-Hose-Man Safety Manual
• I-Safe Work Australia: Umhlahlandlela Wokulawula Ubungozi Ekwakhiweni: Ukupompa Ukhonkolo
• I-Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom) & Construction Plant-hire Association (CPA): Umhlahlandlela Wokuzilolonga Okuhle: Ukusetshenziswa Okuphephile Kwamaphampu Kakhonkolo
• I-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, United States): Ukuvimbela Izinkinga Zesikhumba Ekusebenzeni Nge-Portland Cement