I-Boat Propeller Strike kanye ne-ECOS Kill-Switch Lanyard Imithetho: Ukulawulwa Kokopha Kwamanzi Ngaphakathi¶

Ibhodi elingaphandle elinezinsimbi ezintathu noma ezine-blade ezine-stainless-steel noma uphephela wesikebhe we-sterndrive ojika 3,200 ukuphenduka ngomzuzu (rpm) uletha imithelela ye-blade engu-96 kuye ku-128 ngomzuzwana, isuka phezulu iye ozwaneni emzimbeni womuntu ngaphansi kokukodwa kweshumi kwesekhondi. Lapho umbhukudi, i-wakeboarder, i-tuber, noma umqhubi wesikebhe esikhishiwe eshaywa uphephela wasolwandle ophothayo, izindwani zensimbi ezicijile, ezifakwe inkomishi azigcini nje ngokusika isikhumba: zisika ngokulandelana njalo 2.5 kuya ku-5 amasentimitha (1 kuya ku-2 amayintshi) ziqonde ku-wetsuit neoprene, quadriceps, the muscle popnemoc imithambo ye-brachial**, kanye ne-femur, tibia, noma ugebhezi, okudala ukuhlukana okuphindaphindiwe okuvulekile okuhambisanayo kanye nokopha okukhulu kwe-arterial ngqo emanzini azungezile.

Okuthusa kakhulu ukuthi ukushaya kophephela oyedwa umuntu oyedwa noma abancane kwenzeka kanjani: "Isiyingi Sokufa" isikebhe esibalekayo. Uma umqhubi wesikebhe esine-centre-console powerboat, i-bass boat, noma isikebhe esiphefumulayo sishaya iwake noma ijika elicijile futhi aphonswa emanzini ngaphandle kokugqoka okubomvu okugoqiwe I-Engine Cut-Off Switch (ECOS) kill-switch lanyard, isikebhe esingenamuntu asihambi ngomugqa oqondile. Esikhundleni salokho, i-torque ejikelezayo ka-propeller ngokushesha idonsa isiteringi esingabanjwanga noma isibambo setiyela kanzima ohlangothini olulodwa, ikhiya isikebhe esinezikebhe esingenamuntu esiyingini esiqinile, esinesivinini esikhulu esijika ngokuqondile phezu komqhubi okhishiwe emanzini kaninginingi. Ukwazi ukuthi ungavika kanjani isikebhe esigijimayo esigijimayo ngokutshuza ujule noma ubhukude uqonde endaweni yaso ephendukayo, indlela yokuvala umlilo futhi uqinisekise Ukungathathi hlangothi ngaphambi kokusondela kumbhukudi, kanye nendlela yokufaka i-windlass noma i-ratchet tourniquet EMANZI NGAPHAMBI kokuphakamisa abalimele abophayo phezu kwedekhi yebhokisi Bheka izinombolo eziphuthumayo, izingozi zesikebhe, ukuminza, futhi ukopha.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Donsa intambo ebomvu ye-Engine Cut-Off Switch (ECOS) noma ucime ngokuphelele ukhiye wokushisa (hhayi nje ku-Neutral) ngokushesha noma ubani ewela phezu kwamanzi noma ngaphambi kokuba noma yimuphi umbhukudi asondele ngemuva kwesikebhe. Ukudluliswa kwesikebhe okushiywe kokuthi "Neutral" nge-idling injini isengakwazi ukuzungeza uphephela nge-hydraulic dog noma i-buttered dog noma i-hydraulic gearmp encike phezu kwe-transom.
2. klzzwxh:0024 imithambo ye-brachial yopha nge- ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-90 kuya kwangu-120**; ukuzabalaza imizuzu emithathu ukudonsa izisulu ezinzima, ezigcwele amanzi phezu kwesibhamu esiphezulu noma isiteji sokubhukuda ngaphambi kokumisa ukopha ngokuvamile kuyabulala; bona ukopha.
3. Uma ujikijelwa emanzini futhi isikebhe sakho esinamandla esingenamuntu siqala ukuzungeza sibuyela kuwe ("Umjikelezo Wokufa"), UNGAZAMI ukubhukuda ngemva kwesikebhe noma ubambe isibhamu ukuze ugibele ubuyele esikebheni ngenkathi sinamandla. Swisha uphume endleleni ejikayo ngokushesha, noma uma isikebhe sidonsa kanzima kuwe, donsa umoya bese ucwilisa ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-5 ukuya ku-5 / 2 ngangokunokwenzeka. 8 amafidi ukujula) ngakho uhlaka olungajulile kanye nophephela weyunithi ephansi kudlula ngokungenangozi phezulu.
4. Sakaza ikholi yokucindezeleka ethi "MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY" ku-VHF Marine Channel 16 (156.8 MHz) FUTHI ushayele inombolo yakho yasendaweni yezimo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States nase-Canada, 112 ngaphesheya kwe-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom) kanye nezixhumanisi zakho ze-GPS kanye nerempu yesikebhe eseduze noma i-marina. Isiteleka se-propeerial esinamandla / ukopha okukhulu kwe-Boat. hlola izinombolo eziphuthumayo.
5. Lapho uphakamisa isisulu se-propeller-strike esikhipha emanzini simyisa endaweni yokubhukuda noma indawo yomkhumbi, gcina umzimba waso uvundlile uma kungenzeka futhi usekele ikhanda, intamo, nezitho eziphukile. Ukuphakama kungazelelwe okuma mpo okopha kakhulu, ukulimala okubangelwa yi-hypothermic emanzini kubangela ukuthi igazi lihlangane emaphethelweni aphansi /** kanye ne-cuella-cuellam ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo ngokushesha; bona ukuminza futhi i-hypothermia kanye ne-frostbite.
6. Uma oshonile eseyisicaba endaweni yesikebhe, hlola ukuthi i-tourniquet engaphakathi emanzini ikumise ngokuphelele ukopha (engeza i-tourniquet yesibili ngokuqondile ngaphezu kweyokuqala uma igazi lisangena, ikakhulukazi phezu kwe-neoprene wetsuit ewugqinsi), bopha isifuba esijulile noma amanxeba e-groin aqine nge-hemostatic gauze, futhi usonge isisulu ngengubo yokulala eyomile vimba indwangu yegazi eyomile ngokushesha. (the lethal triad of trauma).

Isihlahla sesinqumo: isiteleka sikaphephela wesikebhe kanye nokuzama okuphuthumayo kwesikebhe esinamandla¶

flowchart TD
    Start["I-Boat Propeller Strike noma I-Man-Overboard Emergency"] --> Scenario{"Siyini isimo esisheshayo emanzini?"}
    Scenario -->|"Umbhukudi/Umgibeli Ushaywe Uphephela Emanzini"| PropHit["1. YIVALE IZINJINI NGOKUPHELELE (donsa i-ECOS lanyard / cisha ukhiye); 2. Phonsa i-flotation (indandatho yokuphila / PFD) futhi ufinyelele isisulu ngokushesha; 3. Uma isitho sinokopha kakhulu, gcoba i-Tourniquet PHAKATHI KANYE UQINISE EMANZI ngaphambi kokuyiphakamisa; 4. Phakamisa uqonde emphemeni; engeza i-tourniquet yesi-2 noma ukupakisha amanxeba uma kudingeka"]
    Scenario -->|"Isiyingi Sesikebhe Esikhishiwe Nesingenamuntu ('Umjikelezo Wokufa')"| Runaway["1. Ababhukudi abakhishiwe: Babhukuda ngendlela eyindilinga noma DIVE DEEP (2+ m / 7+ ft) lapho isikebhe sisondela; 2. UNGALOKOTHI ubambe uhlangothi lwesikebhe esinyakazayo noma uzame ukugibela ngaphansi kwamandla; 3. Isikebhe sokuhlenga: Sondela kusuka kumbuthano wangaphandle; phonsa umugqa we-polypropylene ontantayo ngaphesheya kwendlela yomnsalo ukuya kuphephela ongcolile"]
    Scenario -->|"U-Propeller Ushaya ekhanda, esifubeni, noma esiswini"| TorsoHead["1. Gcina indlela yokuphefumula kanye nokuzinza komgogodla womlomo wesibeletho emanzini usebenzisa i-flotation; 2. Vala amanxeba okumunca esifubeni avuleke ngokuvala umoya noma upulasitiki ovalekile kanye emphemeni; 3. Pakisha izilonda ezijulile ze-groin/axilla nge-gauze; 4. Sakaza I-MAYDAY ku-VHF Ch 16 futhi ugijimele endaweni ekhethiwe yokuhlukumezeka"]
    PropHit --> PostDeck["Isisulu esomile, bopha ngezingubo zokulala ezifudumele ukuvimbela i-hypothermia coagulopathy, futhi uqondise i-Coast Guard / EMS intercept"]
    Runaway --> PostDeck
    TorsoHead --> PostDeck

I-Mechanics ye-propeller trauma kanye ne "Circle of Death"¶

Kungani ophephela basolwandle bedala ukusika okulimazayo kwamazinga amaningi kanye nokuqhekeka kwamathambo¶

Ngokungafani nommese owodwa noma i-blade yesaha, uphephela wasolwandle uya phambili emanzini njengoba ezungeza, enze i-helical spiral yokushayisana kwe-cleaver yesivinini esiphezulu:

1. Imvamisa ye-Blade impact: Injini evamile ye-V6 outboard noma i-V8 sterndrive egijima ngo-4,000 rpm enokunciphisa kwegiya leyunithi engu-2:1 ijikelezisa uphephela onamablade amathathu ku-2,000 propeller rpm (33.3 revolutions per second), iletha 100 insimbi ngayinye iziteleka zensimbi ngayinye.
2. Ukusika okuhambisanayo "kokusikwa kwesinkwa": Ngemizuzwana engu-0.15, uphephela ukhipha imicu 15 ejulile, ehambisanayo, egobile ihlukaniswe ngamasentimitha angu-3 kuya kwangu-6 (1.2 kuya ku-2.4 amayintshi) ngobude bethanga lesisulu, noma isinqe, isinqe, isinqe, isinqe somuntu ohlukunyeziwe. Umuntu ngamunye oshayayo usika esikhumbeni, emisipha, emithanjeni emikhulu, nasemithanjeni ye-sciatic/femoral ngenkathi eshaya ithambo elingaphansi njengembazo, eshiya ukuphuka okuvulekile okuhlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi (**ilungu le-flail **) futhi kuhlikihle izicubu ezithambile kakhulu kangangokuthi ukucindezela okulula okuqondile akukwazi ukuvala imithambo ephuma igazi.
3. Ukunukubezeka okukhulu kwamagciwane olwandle: Konke ukushaya kwe-propeller blade kuyisa ichibi, umfula, noma amanzi olwandle ajule kumnkantsha wethambo ophukile kanye nezingxenye zemisipha eziqhekekile. Amagciwane asolwandle namanzi ahlanzekile, ikakhulukazi I-Aeromonas hydrophila emachibini/emifuleni enamanzi ahlanzekile kanye ne-Vibrio vulnificus / Vibrio parahaemolyticus* emanzini anosawoti asogwini afudumele nezizalo zezizalo (njengeGulf of Mexico), abangela ukugcwala **necrotizing fasciitis kanye ne-myonecrosis emahoreni angu-2 phakathi namahora ama-2 ngama-antibiotic ahlosiwe.

Kwenzeka kanjani "Umjikelezo Wokufa" kanye noMthetho we-USCG ECOS (46 USC 4312)¶

Uma umqhubi wesikebhe esinamandla (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukudoba okunamasondo okudonsa ngamasondo noma i-bowrider) eshaya igagasi, i-wakesurf roller, noma ilogi ecwilisiwe futhi aphonswa kusukela ku-helm ngaphandle kwe-Engine Cut-Off Switch (ECOS)* enamathiselwe:

• Kungani isikebhe siphenduka sisiyingi esiqinile: Njengoba uphephela ongakwesokudla uzungeza njengokuya kwewashi emanzini aminyene, umthetho wesithathu ka-Newton udala i-propeller walk and steering torque eqinile ku-skeg yeyunithi ephansi. Ngokushesha izandla zomqhubi zishiya isibambo setiyela noma isondo lokuqondisa elingakhiyi, itorque ye-hydrodynamic ishaya injini engaphandle kwebhodi noma iphini lokuqondisa ngokuqinile ukuze libekwe inkanyezi (noma imbobo).
• I-loop ebulalayo: Njengoba i-throttle isacushwe kusivinini sokuhamba noma sokuhlela, isikebhe esinganamuntu sikhiyela embuthanweni oqhubekayo 15-to-30-metres (50-to-100-foot) khona kanye endaweni lapho u-opharetha nabagibeli bejikijelwe khona emanzini. Njalo emizuzwaneni emi-4 kuya kweyisi-8, isikebhe sijika sinqamula ababhukudi ngamafindo angama-20 kuye kwangama-40.
• Imithetho kahulumeni neyamazwe ngamazwe ye-ECOS Lanyard: Ngaphansi komthetho wombuso wase-United States (46 U.S.C. 4312, owenziwe ngo-2021) kanye nemithetho Imithetho yase-US Coast Guard (USCG), abaqhubi bemikhumbi yokuzijabulisa engaphansi kuka-7.9 amamitha (26 amafidi) ubude ifakwe injini engagudluki engu-3 noma i-5 yehhashi enamandla angu-1 okwengeziwe) kumele ifake isixhumanisi Sokunqamula Injini (i-ECOS) noma nini lapho isikebhe sisebenza endizeni noma ngaphezu kwejubane lokusuka (ngaphandle kwalapho kungaphakathi kwendlwana evalekile). Imithetho efanayo eyisibopho yokubulala isetshenziswa UK Royal Yachting Association (RYA), Maritime New Zealand, kanye neziphathimandla zasolwandle zesifunda sase-Australia.

Ukusinda nokumisa isikebhe esibalekayo esithi "Circle of Death".¶

1. Uma usemanzini uzungezwa isikebhe esinganamuntu¶

1. Thola isikhungo esiyindilinga kanye ne-pivot drift: Isikebhe esiyindilinga esingenamuntu asihlali endaweni eyodwa ngqo; umoya namanje kuphusha kancane kancane yonke indlela eyindilinga ibheke phansi noma iye phansi.
2. Bwida uqonde endleleni yokukhukhuleka, ngaphandle kwendawo eyindilinga: Isikhathi sokudlula kwesikebhe bese ubhukuda ngamandla usuka emaphethelweni angaphandle endingilizi nge-engeli engama-degree angu-90 ukuya emoyeni/ukukhukhuleka kwamanje.
3. Uma isikebhe siqonde ngqo kuwe, JIJULA ngokushesha:
4. Ungazami ukubhukuda ngaphandle kwesikebhe esinamafindo angama-30 ngaphezulu.
5. Thatha umoya ogcwele, usonge okhalweni (i-pike dive), bese ubhukuda uqonde phansi uye phansi ekujuleni okungenani amamitha angu-1.5 kuya kwangu-2.5 (amafidi angu-5 kuya kwangu-8). Ngisho neyunithi enkulu ephansi yemoto engaphandle ayivamisile ukunwebeka ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-0.75 kuye ku-1.0 (amafidi angu-2.5 ukuya kwangu-3.5)* ngaphansi kwamanzi.
6. Uma ugqoke ijakhethi lokuphila eliphefumulayo elivimbela ukutshuza, noma i-PFD eyigwebu, bhukuda ngendlela eqondile njengoba isikebhe siphenduka ukuze udlule ngaphandle kwe-wake yaso engemuva (ukhumbula ukuthi ngokujika okucijile, ingemuva ne-propeller swing ** banzi** kunomnsalo).
7. UNGALOKOTHI uzame ukubamba uhlangothi lwesikebhe esijikelezayo esigijimayo ukuze ugibele kuso: Ukuzama ukubamba i-bow rail noma i-gunwale yesikebhe esihamba ngamafindo angaphezu kuka-3 ukuya kwangu-4 kuklebhula ihlombe lakho liphume esisekelweni salo bese kudonsa imilenze yakho ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwe-chine ku-propeller ephendukayo.

2. Esinye isikebhe singamisa kanjani ngokuphepha isikebhe esizungezayo esibalekayo¶

Uma usebenzisa omunye umkhumbi eduze futhi ubona isikebhe esingenamuntu sizungeza ababhukudi emanzini:

1. Beka kuqala ukusindisa ababhukudi kuqala uma ukwazi ukubadonsa bacace ngokuphepha: Buka iluphu yesikhathi yesikebhe esibalekayo bese usondela onqenqemeni olungaphandle kuphela uma uphephile, noma ujikijele i-buoyant Isikhwama Sokuphonswa Kwezokuhlenga / I-Lifebuoy emugqeni omude ontantayo ukuze ukwazi ukudonsa umbhukudi umkhiphe endingilizini ngaphandle kokungena kwiluphu.
2. Kona uphephela wesikebhe esibalekile ngentambo ye-polypropylene ende entantayo:
3. Ungalokothi udonse isikebhe sakho eduze kwesikebhe esibaleka ngesivinini esiphezulu bese uzama ukugxuma usuka kwelinye idekhi uye kwelinye njengefilimu yesenzo; i-wave bounce engazelelwe izokuchoboza phakathi kwama-hulls noma ikuphonse ngaphansi kokubili kophephela.
4. Esikhundleni salokho, sakaza 15-to-30-metres (50-to-100-foot) polypropylene ski rope esintantayo noma umugqa wedokhi (noma intambo eboshelwe phakathi kwamafenda/amajakhethi okuphila) ngaphesheya kwendlela yomnsalo wesikebhe esibalekile ngaphandle kwendingilizi yaso.
5. Njengoba isikebhe esibalekayo sishayela phezu komugqa we-polypropylene ontantayo, uphephela udonsa intambo kuhabhu lophephela, ugoqe ngokuqinile ku-prop shaft futhi umise injini noma ukugunda ihabhu ngokuphotha-bushing ngemizuzwana.

Ukulawula ukopha kwamanzi emanzini: kungani kufanele ufake i-tourniquet NGAPHAMBI kokuthi ukhuphuke¶

Iphutha eliyingozi lokubambezela isicelo se-tourniquet kuze kube yilapho isisulu sisedekhini¶

Lapho umbhukudi ehlushwa umthambo ojulile we-femoral, popliteal, noma we-brachial ophuma ku-propeller yesikebhe, izici ezimbili ezibulalayo zomzimba zisheshisa ukulahleka kwegazi:

1. Amanzi afihla umthamo wangempela wokulahleka kwegazi: Ezweni, amalitha angu-1.5 egazi le-arterial akha ichibi elesabekayo phansi elibangela isenzo esisheshayo. Echibini noma olwandle, igazi le-arterial lihlakazeka libe yifu elimnyama emanzini, ligeleze lingabonakali ngenkathi umfutho wamanzi ugeza amahlule egazi asanda kuzalwa.
2. Isicupho sokulibaziseka sokugibela esiyimizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwemi-4: Ukuphakamisa umuntu omdala olimele, othukile, noma oqulekile ogqoke izingubo ezimanzi noma ingubo emanzi ephuma emanzini ajulile eceleni kwesikebhe noma ukhuphuka iledi yokugibela eyizinyathelo ezi-3 ewumngcingo kuyakhathaza futhi kuhamba kancane, kuvame ukuthatha 2 kuya kumaminithi angu-5. Unqanyulwe ngokuphelele umthambo wesifazane wopha ku-1,000 kuya ku-1,500 millilitha ngomzuzu*, okubangela ukushaqeka okungenakulungiseka ukopha nokuphuma kwenhliziyo ukuboshwa amasekhondi angu-90 kuya kwangu-120. Uma abatakuli bechitha imizuzu emithathu bezabalaza ukuhudulela isisulu esikebheni ngaphambi kokufaka i-tourniquet, isisulu sizobe sesivele sibanjwe inhliziyo lapho sishaya phansi.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo iphrothokholi yokufaka i-tourniquet EMANZINI¶

Sonke isikebhe esinamandla, isikebhe sokushushuluza, kanye nesikebhe esisogwini kufanele siphathe okungenani ingilasi yomoya emibili etuswa yi-CoTCCC noma ama-tourniquets agijimayo (njenge-C-A-T Combat Application Tourniquet, SOFTT-W, noma i-marine **i-rancheting tourniquet efana ne-RMT*t mechanical tourniquet lapho i-MMT ingenzi-lip mechanical, senza noma ukushelela ngesikhilimu selanga/igazi) esikwe eduze kwesigqoko sokuzivikela kanye nesikhulumi sokubhukuda:

1. Misa i-flotation kuqala: Phonsa indandatho yokuphila, jikijela umcamelo, noma gxuma ugqoke Idivayisi Yokuntanta Yakho (PFD) ebanjwe i-tourniquet esandleni sakho noma enamathiselwe ivesti yakho. Vikela ukuqina kwesisulu ukuze akekho kini ocwilile ngenkathi izandla zenu zimatasa.
2. Faka i-tourniquet "High and Tight" phezu kwesitho EMANZINI:
3. Ungachithi isikhathi uzama ukusika amajini noma ukhumule i-wetsuit emanzi ye-neoprene emanzini.
4. Shelelezisa i-tourniquet loop phezulu ingalo noma umlenze olimele (noma uqaqa ibhande ku-SOFTT-W / RMT bese uyigoqa emlenzeni) phezulu uye phezulu enqeni (ithanga eliseduze) noma ikhwapha (ingalo engenhla eseduze) ngangokunokwenzeka, okungenani 5 ukuya ku-7 amasentimitha ngaphezu kweprope ephakeme kakhulu.
5. Donsa ibhande eliyindilinga liqine ngendlela ongakhona ngayo ngokomuntu ngaphambi kokusonta induku ye-windlass noma uchofoze ibhande le-ratchet.
6. Phendula induku ye-windlass ngokuphindaphindiwe (imvamisa ukuphenduka okungu-3 ukuya ku-5 okugcwele, noma ngaphezulu phezu kwe-wetsuit eqinile ecindezelayo) bese uyikhiyela kusiqeshana se-windlass.
7. Phakamisa olimele emkhunjini ngokuvundlile uma kungenzeka:
8. Shelelezisa oshonile ebhodini elicwilisiwe wakeboard, surfboard, kneeboard, noma iplathifomu yokubhukuda ewa phansi ukuze usebenze njengebhodi elithuthukisiwe lomgogodla/lokuphakamisa, ugcine umzimba wabo womzimba uvundlile ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uvimbele ukugoqa komfutho wegazi we-hydrostatic.
9. Phinda uhlole i-tourniquet NGOKUSHESHA kanye endaweni eyomile yesikebhe:
10. Isexwayiso sokuminyanisa i-Wetsuit: Izingubo zokumanzisa ze-Neoprene (ugqinsi olu-3 mm ukuya ku-7 mm) zigcwele amabhamuza amancane e-nitrogen namanzi acindezelayo. Uma isisulu sesikhishiwe emanzini siyiswa edekhini, amanzi aphuma ku-wetsuit futhi imisipha yezitho iyakhululeka, okungakhulula i-tourniquet yangaphakathi emanzini.
11. Bhekisisa amanxeba ophephela kudekhi: uma igazi elibomvu elikhanyayo lisaphuma noma liconsa kusukela esithweni, qinisa ingilazi yomoya omunye ukuphenduka oku-1 kuya ku-2 noma sebenzisa i-tourniquet YESIBILI ngqo ngenhla (okuseduze) ne-tourniquet yokuqala, usika irabha ewugqinsi ye-wetsuit phezu kohambo lwesibili; bona ukopha.

Ukuphatha isifuba, isisu, nophephela wekhanda ushaya emphemeni¶

Uma uphephela ugijima emhlane, esifubeni, ezinqeni, noma ekhanda lombhukudi:

• Vula i-Pneumothorax ("Inxeba Lesifuba Elimunca") Ku-Rib Strikes: Uma i-propeller blade isika ku-ribcage kanye ne-pleura, umoya uyangena bese uphuma amagwebu odongeni lwesifuba ngokuphefumula ngakunye, kubhidlike iphaphu. Sula amanzi ngokushesha esikhumbeni esizungeze isilonda bese ufaka isivalo sesifuba esiphuma umoya (noma isikwele sesikhwama sepulasitiki esihlanzekile / ucwecwe olunamathiselwe phansi ezinhlangothini ezintathu ukuze udale ivalvu eshaywayo) ukuze umoya uphume esifubeni ngaphandle kokumuncwa futhi. Beka isiguli esiphapheme siqonde kancane noma sincike ohlangothini olulimele uma ukuhlukumezeka komgogodla kuvumela.
• Ukushaya kwe-Pelvic, Gluteal, kanye Ne-Perineal: U-Propeller ushaya ezinqeni nasezinqeni kubangela ukopha okukhulu kwe-venous kanye ne-arterial eduze nokuphuka kwe-pelvic okuvulekile. Ngenxa yokuthi i-tourniquet yesitho ayikwazi ukubekwa ngaphezu kwe-groin crease, pakisha imigudu ejulile yokuphuka uyiqinise kusukela phansi ukuya phezulu usebenzisa imiqulu ye-hemostatic gauze noma amathawula ahlanzekile futhi ugcine ingcindezi eqondile yezandla ezimbili nesisindo somzimba wakho esigcwele; bopha i-pelvis emathanjeni e-hip (ama-trochanters amakhulu) usebenzisa ishidi noma i-pelvic binder; bona amathambo aphukile.
• I-Aggressive Hypothermia Prevention: Umbhukudi omanzi olahlekelwe ilitha legazi elingu-1 ukuya kwangu-2 uba nokushisa okunamandla phakathi nemizuzu, ngisho nasemini engu 30-degree-Celsius (86-degree-Fahrenheit) ntambama ehlobo, ngenxa yokuthi umoya ovunguza esikebheni sokuhlenga esinyakazayo upholisa isikhumba esimanzi ngokushesha. Amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit)* enza ama-enzyme avala igazi angasebenzi (hypothermic coagulopathy). Nquma izingubo ezimanzi uma ukopha sekulawulekile, sula isikhumba, futhi usonge isiguli ngokuphelele ngamathawula omile, izikhwama zokulala, noma ingubo yangaphandle yethayili/ emkhathini engangeni manzi ngesikhathi ugijima ngesivinini esikhulu esiteshini se-ambulensi; bona i-hypothermia kanye ne-frostbite.
• I-Carbon Monoxide (CO) Ukuvivinya Ababhukudi Abavezwa I-Exhaust-Exposed: Ababhukudi nama-wakesurfers abadonswa emanzini eduze nendawo yokuthutha i-petroli cabin cruiser, i-wakeboat, noma i-houseboat bangase futhi baphathwe ushevu obukhulu wasolwandle be-carbon monoxide ("i-teak surfing" hypoxia), okubangela ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukudideka nokulingisa ukuminza. Lawula i-oksijini egeleza kakhulu engamaphesenti angu-100 ngokushesha nje lapho abezimo eziphuthumayo befika; bona i-carbon monoxide.

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo zesifunda kanye nezinqubomgomo ze-ejensi¶

Kunoma isiphi isiteleka sophephela emanzini avulekile, ogwini, noma echibini elikhulu, kanyekanye dumisani I-Coast Guard / Marine Rescue ku-VHF Channel 16 (156.8 MHz) futhi ushayele inombolo yakho yocingo ephuthumayo esekelwe emhlabeni ukuze isikebhe sokuhlenga esisheshayo noma indiza enophephela emhlane ikwazi ukukubamba emanzini ngenkathi i-ALS ishayela eduze nesiteji sasolwandle. Bheka izinombolo eziphuthumayo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa¶

Kungani isikebhe esingenamuntu sizungeza emuva ukuze sigijime phezu komshayeli waso okhishiwe esikhundleni sokushayela sihambe ngomugqa oqondile?¶

Uma uphephela wesikebhe uzungeza ngokushesha ohlangothini olulodwa (ngokuvamile ulandela iwashi ezikebheni ezinenjini eyodwa), ukumelana kwamanzi nezindwani ezine-engeli kukhiqiza i-torque ejikelezayo eqinile ("i-propeller walk" kanye ne-torque yokuqondisa) engxenyeni engezansi noma iphinikhodi. Uma nje umshayeli ebambe isiteringi noma isibambo se-tiller, baphikisana nalawo mandla ngaphandle kokucabanga ngawo. Khona manjalo umshayeli uphonswa ngaphandle kwe-Engine Cut-Off Switch (ECOS) kill lanyard, isiteringi esingabanjwanga sishaya ngamandla sibheke kolunye uhlangothi, sikhiyele isikebhe esinganamuntu esiyingini esiqinile, esinesivinini esikhulu ("i-Circle of Death") khona kanye endaweni lapho umshayeli awele khona.

Kungani kuyingozi ukusondela kumbhukudi emanzini uhambisa isikebhe ku-Neutral kanti injini isamile?¶

Okokuqala, ama-marine transmissions ku-Neutral asengadlulisela i-hydraulic eyanele noma ukudonsa komshini ukuze kuphequlule uphephela kancane, futhi umbhukudi akakwazi ukuzwa noma ukubona uphephela ongaphansi kwamanzi uphenduka emanzini amdaka. Okwesibili, ngenkathi umshayeli encike phezu kwesibhamu noma i-transom ukuze asize ukudonsela obhukuda emkhunjini, umgibeli, ingane, inja, noma idolo lomshayeli angashayisa ngephutha i-throttle/shift lever iye ku-Forward noma Reverse, ephotha izinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali ngo-1,000+ rpm ngokuqondile emilenzeni yombhukudi. Vala okokuthutha ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuthi noma ubani angene noma aphume emanzini eduze kwesikebhe.

Kungani kufanele kusetshenziswe i-tourniquet EMANZINI ngemva kokuteleka kophephela wesikebhe kunokulinda kuze kube yilapho isisulu siphakanyiswa esikebheni?¶

Uphephela wesikebhe ushaya emlenzeni noma engalweni uvamise ukusika umthambo we-femal, popliteal, noma we-brachial ezindaweni eziningi. Umthambo wesifazane onqanyuliwe wopha ngaphezu kwelitha elingu-1 ngomzuzu, okubangela ukulahlekelwa igazi eliyingozi kumasekhondi angu-90 kuya kwangu-120, futhi amanzi azungezile ageza amahlule ukuze ukopha kugijime ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ukukhipha umuntu omdala osindayo, olimele, ogcwele amanzi emanzini ajulile phezu kwesibhamu sesikebhe noma ukhuphuka iledi encane yokugibela ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu emi-2 kuya kwemi-5, ukulinda kuze kube yilapho isisulu sisesiteki ukuze sinqande ukopha ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi isisulu sopha size sife ngesikhathi sokuphakamisa. Faka i-windlass noma i-ratchet tourniquet phezulu futhi iqine esithweni ngenkathi isemanzini, bese uyiphakamisela ngaphakathi bese uhlola ukuqina ngokushesha.

Ingabe i-tourniquet izosebenza phezu kwe-neoprene wetsuit ngemva kokulimala kophephela?¶

Yebo, ungakwazi futhi kufanele ufake i-tourniquet ngqo phezu kwe-wetsuit ngenkathi usemanzini ukuze ungachithi imizuzwana eyigugu uzama ukusika i-neoprene eqinile ngenkathi unyathela amanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi izingubo zokumanzisa ze-neoprene eziwugqinsi (3 mm kuya ku-7 mm) zinegwebu elicindezelayo namanzi aphumayo lapho isisulu sesiphakanyiselwe endaweni yesikebhe, i-tourniquet efakwe phezu kwesudi yokumanzi ingaxegika kancane ngemva kokugibela. Ngokushesha hlola isilonda uma isisulu sesiphansi edekhini: uma noma yikuphi ukopha kuqhubeka, qinisa i-windlas ngokuqhubekayo noma ubeke i-tourniquet yesibili ngenhla kweyokuqala esikhumbeni esingenalutho ngemva kokusika i-wetsuit.

Kungani izilonda zophephela wesikebhe zitheleleka ngokushesha kangaka ngisho noma ukopha kulawulwa?¶

Ama-propeller blades ajikela echibini, emfuleni, noma amanzi olwandle ajule abe yizicucu kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo ovulekile. Imizimba yemvelo yamanzi ibamba amagciwane adla inyama anolaka, ikakhulukazi i-Aeromonas hydrophila emanzini amasha noma anosawoti kanye ne-Vibrio vulnificus emanzini afudumele anosawoti nezizalo zemifula, aphila kahle ezicutshini ezichotshoziwe, ezibulawa umoya-mpilo. Ngaphandle kokugeza okuphuthumayo okuphuthumayo egunjini lokuhlinza kanye nama-antibiotic akhethekile ane-spectrum ebanzi (engeza ukumboza okungaphezu kwamagciwane esikhumba ajwayelekile), amanxeba ophephela angaba nezifo ezisongela ukuphila zezicubu ezithambile ezisongela ukuphila phakathi namahora angu-24.

Lo mhlahlandlela uhlinzeka ngokuphepha olwandle, ukubalekela isikebhe esibalekayo, kanye nezinqubo eziphuthumayo zokulawula ukopha kwamanzi emanzini futhi awuthathi indawo yemfundo yokuphepha kwezikebhe eqinisekisiwe noma ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuchwepheshile. Cabangela ukuthatha izifundo ze-US Coast Guard Auxiliary / RYA Powerboat kanye nesifundo sokuStop the Bleed and First Aid nge-Red Cross, i-St John Ambulance, noma i-American College of Surgeons.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Izingozi zesikebhe
• Ukushayisana kweJet Ski (PWC): kungani ukudedela i-throttle kubulala isiteringi kanye nokulimala kwe-jet-nozzle orifice
• Ukuminza
• Ukopha
• Ukunqunywa nokugcinwa kwezitho ezinqanyuliwe

Imithombo neziqondiso ezisemthethweni¶

• I-United States Coast Guard (USCG): 46 U.S.C. 4312 I-Mandatory Cut-Off Switch (ECOS) Law Wear Law & Guidelines Prevention Strike Prevention
• I-Royal Yachting Association (RYA) kanye Negatsha Lokuphenya Ngezingozi Zasolwandle lase-UK (MAIB): Ukusetshenziswa Okulungile Kwezintambo Zokubulala Ezikebheni Ezinamandla kanye Nezikebhe Eziqinile Ezine-Inflatable (RIBs)
• IKomidi Lokunakekelwa Kwezisulu Zokulwa Nge-Tactical (CoTCCC) kanye Nekolishi LaseMelika Lodokotela Abahlinzayo (ACS): Misa Ukopha: Izinqubomgomo Zokufaka Isicelo Sezokuvakasha Zasolwandle Nezamanzi
• I-Wilderness Medical Society (WMS): Iziqondiso Zomtholampilo Zokusebenza Zokugwiliza, Ukucwiliswa emanzini, kanye Nokulawulwa Kokuhlukumezeka Emanzini
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, United States): Ukuphathwa kwe-Vibrio vulnificus kanye ne-Aeromonas hydrophila Infections in Aquatic Trauma Wounds