Dikuma dia tshiamu tshia buatu ne mikenji ya ECOS Kill-Switch Lanyard: Dilama dia mashi mu mayi¶

Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku isatu anyi inayi tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi katshiyi tshinyanguka tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka ku 3 200 revolutions per minute (rpm) tshidi tshienza 96 too ne ku 128 ya bipese bia muntu pa nkayende ku sekonde, tshienda tshifumina ku nsongo too ne ku makasa pa mubidi wa muntu mu muinshi mua tshia dikumi tshia sekonde. Padi muena mayi, muena wakeboard, tuber, anyi muendeshi wa buatu mupatuke ututa kudi tshiamu tshia mu mayi tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka, biamu bia mitaku bidi ne mishiku kabitu anu bikosa dikoba to: bidi bikosolola mu bulongame ku 2,5 too ne ku 5 santimetre (1 too ne ku 2 inches) buludiludi kupitshila mu tshilamba tshia mâyi tshia neoprene, gastroneus, ne mifuba ya bel mishipa ya mu tshiadi, ya tshiadi, anyi ya tshiadi, ne mishipa ya tshiadi, ya tshiadi, anyi ya mutu, idi yenza bipendu bia bungi bidi biunzuluke ne mashi a bungi adi apatuka buludiludi mu mayi adi manyunguluke.

Tshidi tshitamba kuenza buôwa ntshia mudi bipupu bia bungi bia pa nkaya anyi bia mazuwa makese bienzeka: buatu bua "Circle of Death" budi bunyema. Padi muendeshi wa buatu bua munkatshi, buatu bua bass, anyi buatu bua mupuya ututa mu tshibandilu anyi mu tshipepele tshikole ne muela mu mâyi kayi muvuale tshilamba tshikunze tshia Engine Cut-Off Switch (ECOS) kill-switch lanyard, buatu budi kabuyi ne muntu kabuena buenda mu mulongo mululame to. Pamutu pa nanku, propeller rotational torque udi ukoka diakamue volant anyi tshianza tshia tiller tshidi katshiyi tshikuate ku luseke lumue, ukanga buatu budi kabuyi ne muntu mu tshijengu tshikole tshidi tshienda lubilu lukole tshidi tshipingana buludiludi pa mutu pa muena mudimu udibu bumbushe mu mayi misangu ne misangu. Kumanya mua kuepuka buatu budi buenda buenda buenda buendakana pa kubuela mu mâyi anyi kuowa mâyi mu mushindu udiye unyunguluka, mushindu wa kujima kapia ne kujadika Neutral kumpala kua kusemena kudi muena mayi, ne mushindu wa kuela **windlass anyi ratchet tourniquet MU MAYI KUMPALA kua kubandisha tshintu tshidi tshipatuka mashi pa tshibandilu tshia buatu bua kusungila muoyo. Tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi, njiwu ya buatu, kudina mu mayi, ne kupatuka mashi.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Koka tshingoma tshikunze tshia Engine Cut-Off Switch (ECOS) anyi ujime tshifungu tshia ignition tshijima (ki nganu mu Neutral to) dîba didi muntu yonso upona pa mutu pa buatu anyi kumpala kua muenji wa mâyi kusemena pabuipi ne kunyima kua buatu. Transmission wa buatu udibu bashiye mu "Neutral" ne motere kayi wenza mudimu udi mua kutungunuka ne kunyungulula tshiamu tshia nzembu ku diambuluisha dia gear hydraulique anyi mu tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshikoka panyima pa buatu kudi mbwa, muana, anyi muendeshi muiname pa mutu pa tshibandilu.
2. **Bikala muena mayi anyi muendeshi udi mupatuke mu buatu mukuatshike kudi tshiamu tshia buatu ne mashi makunze adi apueka mu mayi afumina ku diboko anyi ku dikasa, tuluka anyi buela mu mayi ne tshiamu tshia kuambuluisha natshi bua kuenda pa mâyi ne wela tshiamu tshia windlass anyi tshia ratchet tourniquet MULE NE MUSHINDE pa tshitupa tshidi tshitapike PADI MU MÂYI kumpala kua kumukoka mu buatu anyi mu buatu bua kapia. mayi makole, mishipa ya mu tshiadi anyi ya mu tshiadi idi mitangalake idi ipatuka mashi mu mu tusunsa 90 too ne ku 120; kudienzeja mu minite isatu bua kukoka muntu mutambe bunene, muwule tente ne mayi pa tshibandilu tshile anyi pa tshibandilu tshia kuowa mâyi kumpala kua kuimanyika dipatuka dia mashi bitu bitamba kushipa muntu; mona kupatuka mashi.
3. Bikalabu bakuele mu mayi ne buatu buebe budi kabuyi ne muntu budi butuadija kukupingana ("Tshijengu tshia Lufu"), KUTEKI bua kuowa mâyi panyima pa buatu anyi kukuata tshintu tshia kuela nabi buatu bua kupingana mu buatu paditshi muinshi mua bukole to. Patuka diakamue mu njila wa dikudimuna, anyi pikala tshilamba tshia buatu tshikukoka panshi, ela mupuya muinshi mua mayi mu mushindu udibi bikumbana (mutantshi wa metre 1.5 too ne ku 2.5 / metre 5 too ne ku 8 mu butshiama) nunku tshilamba tshia muinshi mua buloba ne tshiamu tshia kuinshi tshidi tshipita pa mutu kakuyi bualu bubi.
4. **Ela "MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY" dibikila dia dikenga ku VHF Marine Channel 16 (156.8 MHz) NE ubikile nimero ya tshimpitshimpi ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne Canada, 112 mu Union européenne, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) ne coordonnées ya GPS yebe milelela ne buatu anyi buatu bua pabuipi menemene: **Etats. dikuma dia propulseur ne dipatuka dia mashi a bungi a mu mishipa / dikosa dia mubidi"; tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi.
5. Paudi ubandisha muntu udibu bakuate ku tshiamu tshia nzembu mu mayi pa tshibandilu tshia kuowa mâyi anyi pa tshibandilu tshia buatu, ikala ne mubidi wende muimane bikalaku mushindu ne ukuatshishe mutu, nshingu, ne bitupa bia mubidi bidi bitshibuka. Dibandisha dia tshimpitshimpi dia muntu udi upatuka mashi bikole, udi ne disama dia hypothermique mu mâyi didi dienza bua mashi adisangishe mu bitupa bia kuinshi (**circum-rescue /**collapse hydrochock) kuenza bua mutshima wimane diakamue; mona kudina mu mayi ne hypothermie ne frostbite.
6. Padi muntu mutapike mumane kuikala pa tshibandilu tshia buatu, tangila ni tshilamba tshia mu mayi tshimane kuimanyika mashi onso (ela tshilamba tshibidi buludiludi pa mutu pa tshia kumpala pikala mashi atshidi anu apita, nangananga pa mutu pa tshilamba tshia neoprene tshikole), ela mputa mikole ya mubidi anyi ya mu nshingu bimpe ne tshiamu tshia hemostatic gauze, ne ujike tshilamba anyi tshilamba tshia pa mutu bilamba diakamue. Hypothermie udi ukandika mashi bua kukola (tshitupa tshisatu tshia lufu tshia disama).

Mutshi wa dipangadika: dikuma dia propeller wa buatu ne disungula dia tshimpitshimpi dia buatu bua bukole budi bunyema¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Dikuma dia propeller wa buatu anyi njiwu ya muntu-pa mutu pa buatu"] --> Scenario{"Nsombelu kayi udiku mpindieu pa mayi?"}
    Scenario -->|"Muendeshi wa mâyi / Muendeshi wa kabalu mukuatshike kudi tshiamu tshia nzembu mu mayi"| PropHit["1. KUJIMA MOTERE BIONSO (koka tshingoma tshia ECOS / jika tshifungu); 2. Ela tshintu tshidi tshienda pa mâyi (tshiamu tshia muoyo / PFD) ne ufike kudi muntu udibu bashipe diakamue; 3. Shi tshitupa tshia mubidi tshidi ne mashi a bungi, ela Tourniquet mu mayi kumpala kua kutshibandisha; 4. Ubandishe pa tshibandilu; Weja 2e tourniquet anyi tshibombi tshia mputa pikalabi bikengela"]
    Scenario -->|"Muendeshi wa buatu udi mupatuka ne kayi ne muntu udi unyunguluka ('Tshijengu tshia lufu')"| Runaway["1. Bena mayi badibu bumbusha: Kuowa mu mayi mu tshijengu anyi DIVE DEEP (2+ m / 7+ ft) padi buatu buenda busemena; 2. KUANGATA luseke lua buatu budi buenda anyi kuteta bua kubuela muinshi mua bukole to; 3. Mazuwa a lupandu: Semena ku tshijengu tshia pambelu; Ela muonji wa polypropylène udi wenda pa mâyi pa njila wa kumpala too ne ku propulseur mubi"]
    Scenario -->|"Dikuma dia propeller ku mutu, ku tshiadi, anyi ku difu"| TorsoHead["1. Lama njila wa luya ne mukolo wa mu nshingu mu mayi ku diambuluisha dia dienda dia pa mutu pa mâyi; . 3. Uteke mputa mikole ya mu tshiadi/ya mu tshiadi bikole ne tshiamu tshia gaze; 4. Kumanyisha MAYDAY pa VHF Ch 16 ne lubilu too ne ku tshitudilu tshia njiwu"]
    PropHit --> PostDeck["Muntu udi mufue, umubuikila mu bilamba bia kapia bua kuepuka disama dia hypothermie coagulopathie, ne ulongolole Coast Guard / EMS intercept"]
    Runaway --> PostDeck
    TorsoHead --> PostDeck

Mashinyi a tshinyangu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu ne "Tshijengu tshia lufu"¶

Bua tshinyi ma propulseur a mu mayi adi anyangakaja mifuba ya bungi ne mifuba¶

Bishilangane na tshingoma tshimue anyi tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku, tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia mu mayi tshidi tshienda tshiya kumpala mu mayi paditshi tshinyunguluka, tshienza tshitupa tshia nzembu tshia bipese bia lubilu lua bungi bidi bipetangana:

1. Misangu ya dikuma dia tshiamu: Motere wa pa tshibidilu wa V6 wa pambelu anyi wa V8 udi wenza mudimu ku 4,000 rpm ne dipuekesha dia tshiamu tshia 2:1 tshia kuinshi udi unyunguluka tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi ne nzembu isatu ku 2,000 nzembu (33,3 revolutions ku sekonde), ufila **100 **dikuma dia tshiamu tshia mitaku ku sekonde.
2. Bipendu bia "bread-slicing" bia muomumue: Mu 0.15 secondes, tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshienza 15 bipendu bia muinshi mua buloba, bia parallèle, bikoseka bishilangane mu bule bua santimetre 3 too ne ku 6 (1.2 too ne ku 2.4 inches) bilondeshile bule bua tshiadi tshia muntu udibu bashipe, kadi, mukolo, anyi tshifu. Muntu yense udi utapa dikoba, mifuba, mishipa minene, ne mijilu ya sciatic/femoral padiye ukuma mufuba udi muinshi bu tshingoma, ushiya bipese bia bungi biunzuluke (flail limb) ne utshibula bitupa bia mubidi bipepele bikole menemene bienza bua ne: dikuma dia buludiludi kadiena mua kukanga mishipa idi ipatuka mashi to.
3. Dinyanguka dikole dia bactérie ya mu mayi: Dikuma dionso dia tshiamu tshia propeller didi difikisha mayi a mu dijiba, a mu musulu anyi a mbuu too ne mu mifuba mitshibuka ne mu bitupa bia mifuba mitshibuka. Bactérie ya mu mayi ne ya mu mayi mimpe, nangananga Aeromonas hydrophila mu majiba/misulu ya mayi mimpe ne Vibrio vulnificus / Vibrio parahaemolyticus mu mayi a muelelu wa mâyi ne mu misulu (bu mudi Golfe wa Mexique), idi ifila disama dia **necrotizing fasciitis ne myonecrose ne 124 mêba a bungi bikalabi kabiyi bikole to diumusha ne diondapa ne manga a antibiotique adibu bafila mu mijilu. (Gulf of Mexico)

Mushindu kayi udi "tshijengu tshia lufu" tshienzeka ne mikenji ya USCG ECOS (46 USC 4312)¶

Padi muendeshi wa buatu (nansha buatu bua kuloba budi ne tshiamu tshia kuendesha natshi anyi buatu bua kuloba budi ne nkata anyi bowrider) ututa mu mavuala, mu wakesurf roller, anyi mu mutshi udi muinshi mua mâyi ne bamuela panshi ku tshibandilu kayi ne tshilamba tshia Engine Cut-Off Switch (ECOS) tshilamakaja:

• Bua tshinyi buatu budi bunyunguluka mu tshijengu tshikole: Padi tshiamu tshia ku dia balume tshienda tshinyunguluka mu mayi makole, mukenji muisatu wa Newton udi wenza tshiendedi tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne tshienzedi tshia dilombola tshikole pa skeg wa tshitupa tshia kuinshi. Diakamue padi bianza bia muendeshi bipatuka ku tshianza tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi anyi tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi katshiyi tshikanga, torque wa hydrodynamique udi ukuma motere wa pambelu anyi tshiamu tshia mashinyi bikole ku dia balume (anyi ku tshitudilu).
• Mushindu wa lufu: Padi tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshiteka pa lubilu lua dienda anyi lua dienda, buatu budi kabuyi ne muntu budi buenda bujika mu tshijengu tshia 15-to-30-metre (50-to-100-foot) anu muaba menemene uvuabu bele muendeshi ne bantu bavua mu buatu mu mayi. Mu masekonde onso 4 to ne ku 8, buatu budi buenda bupingana pa mutu pa bantu badi benda mu mâyi ne lubilu lua 20 to ne ku 40 nodes.
• Mikenji ya mbulamatadi ne ya pa buloba bujima ya ECOS Lanyard: Mu mikenji ya ditunga dia États-Unis (46 U.S.C. 4312, miteka mu 2021) ne ya US Coast Guard (USCG), bena mudimu ba mazuwa a dijikija lutetuku adi muinshi mua 7,9 metre (26 feet) adi ne motere wa 15 lbs bukole (pabuipi ne bukole bua tubalu 3 anyi kupita apu) udi ne bua kuvuala tshiamu tshia Engine Cut-Off Switch (ECOS) dîba dionso didi buatu buenda mu ndeke anyi pa mutu pa lubilu lua dienda (pa kumbusha mu nzubu mukanga). Mikenji ya muomumue ya dishipa dia mionji idi mienzedibua kudi UK Royal Yachting Association (RYA), Maritime New Zealand, ne Australian state marine authorities.

Kupanduka ne kuimanyika buatu bua "Circle of Death" budi bunyema¶

1. Shi udi mu mayi munyunguluka kudi buatu budi kabuyi ne muntu¶

1. Manya muaba udi buatu buenda buenda ne muaba udi buatu buenda: Botu budi kabuyi ne muntu budi buenda kabuyi bushala muaba umue menemene to; lupepele ne nzembu bidi bienda bitekete bitekete njila mujima wa tshijengu mu lupepele anyi muinshi mua nzembu.
2. Kuowela mu njila wa tshijengu, pambelu pa tshitupa tshia tshijengu: Teka tshikondo tshia dipita dia buatu ne kuowela bikole kule ne muelelu wa pambelu wa tshijengu mu angle wa 90-degree ku dienda dia lupepele/dienda dia mâyi.
3. Bikala buatu buenda buenda buludiludi kuudi, buela mu mâyi diakamue:
4. Kutetshi bua kupita buatu bua 30-knot pa mutu pa mâyi to.
5. Ela luya luonso, udikoka mu tshiadi (dibuela mu mâyi), ne wela mâyi bululame too ne kuinshi too ne mu buondoke bua mutantshi wa metre 1,5 too ne ku 2,5 (5 too ne ku 8 feet). Nansha tshitupa tshia kuinshi tshia motere munene wa pambelu katshitu tshitamba kupita 0.75 too ne ku 1.0 metre (2.5 too ne ku 3.5 feet) kuinshi kua mayi to.
6. Shi udi muvuale tshilamba tshia kupandisha natshi tshidi tshipangisha bua kubuela mu mayi, anyi PFD wa foam, wela mu njila wa kumpala padi buatu buenda unyunguluka bua wewe kupita pambelu pa tshibandilu tshiabu tshia kunyima (vuluka ne: mu dikudimuna dikole, kunyima kua buatu ne tshiamu tshia nzembu bidi binyunguluka mutantshi mule kupita kumpala kua buatu).
7. KUTETA bua kukuata luseke lua buatu budi buenda lubilu bua kubanda: Kuteta bua kukuata tshilamba tshia ku mutu anyi tshingoma tshia buatu budi buenda ne lubilu lupite pa 3 anyi 4 bidi bipatula dikaya diebe mu tshibuelelu tshiadi ne bikoka maulu ebe buludiludi muinshi mua tshiamu tshia buatu tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka.

2. Mushindu kayi udi buatu bukuabu mua kuimanyika buatu budi buenda bunyunguluka¶

Shi udi wenza mudimu ne buatu bukuabu pabuipi apu ne umona buatu budi kabuyi ne muntu budi bunyunguluka bantu badi benda mu mayi:

1. Ikala ne tshia kumpala tshia kusungila bantu badi benda mu mayi wewe mua kubakoka bimpe: Tangila tshikondo tshia buatu budi bunyema ne usemena ku muelelu wa pambelu anu padiku bukubi, anyi wela Mufuku wa dipandisha / Tshibombi tshia kupandisha natshi bantu pa mulongo mule udi wenda pa mâyi bua wewe kumona mua kukoka muena mayi bua kupatuka mu tshijengu wewe nkayebe kuyi ubuela mu tshijengu.
2. Kunyanga tshiamu tshia buatu tshidi tshinyema ne tshingoma tshile tshia polypropylene tshidi tshienda pa mâyi:
3. Kukoki buatu buebe ku luseke lua buatu budi buenda lubilu lukole ne kuteta bua kututa ku tshibandilu ne ku tshibandilu bu mu filme wa mvita to; dibutuka dia tshimpitshimpi dia mavuala nedikutshibule pankatshi pa mazuwa anyi neakuele muinshi mua biamu bionso bibidi.
4. Pamutu pa nanku, ela 15-to-30-meter (50-to-100-foot) wa polypropylene ski rope anyi dock line (anyi tshingoma tshisuika pankatshi pa bimanu bibidi/bipese bia kupandisha nabi bantu) mu njila wa buatu budi bunyema pambelu pa tshijengu tshiabu.
5. Padi buatu budi bunyema buenda pa mutu pa mulongo wa polypropylene udi wenda pa mâyi, tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshinyunguluka tshidi tshikoka tshingoma mu tshitupa tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu, tshinyunguluka bikole ku tshiamu tshia nzembu ne tshiimanyika motere anyi tshikosa tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshinyunguluka mu tusekonde tukese.

Dilama dia mashi mu mayi: bua tshinyi udi ne tshia kuela tourniquet KUMPALA kua kubandisha mu buatu¶

Tshilema tshinene tshia kulekela dienza dia tourniquet too ne padi muntu udibu bashipe ulua pa mazuwa¶

Padi muena mayi upeta disama dia mu tshiadi, tshia ku tshiadi, anyi tshia ku tshianza tshia mu tshiadi tshia buatu, malu abidi adi mua kufikisha ku dijimija dia mashi lukasa:

1. Mâyi adi asokoka bungi bulelela bua mashi adibu bajimija: Pa buloba, 1,5 litre ya mashi a mu mishipa idi yenza tshina tshia buôwa panshi tshidi tshisaka bantu bua kuenza bualu kampanda diakamue. Mu dijiba anyi mu mbuu munene, mashi a mu mishipa adi atangalaka mu ditutu difiike mu mayi, apueka kayi umueneka eku bukole bua mayi busukula mashi adi mafuma ku dikola.
2. Buteyi bua dipanga dia kubuela mu buatu mu minite 2 too ne ku 4: Kubandisha muntu mukole udi mutapike, udi ne buôwa anyi udi kayi mumanye tshidiye muvuale bilamba biume anyi tshilamba tshia mâyi mu mâyi manene pa mutu pa buatu anyi pa tshibandilu tshikese tshia 3-step tshidi tshitshiokesha ne tshidi tshienda bitekete bitekete, misangu ya bungi tshidi tshilomba minite 2 too ne ku 5**. Mushipa wa tshiadi mukosa mujima udi upatuka mashi ku 1,000 too ne ku 1,500 millilitres ku minite, udi ukebesha tshipupu tshia mashi tshidi katshiyi mua kupingana ne kuimana kua mashi mu 90 too ne ku 120 sekonde. Bikala basungidi bapitshishe minite isatu mu lutatu lua kukoka muntu udibu bashipe mu buatu kumpala kua kumuela tshiamu tshia tourniquet, muntu udibu bashipe neikale mumane kuikala ne disama dia mutshima padibu bafika ku mazuwa.

Mukenji wa tshitupa ku tshitupa bua kuela tourniquet MU MAYI¶

Mazuwa onso a nzembu, mazuwa a ski, ne mazuwa a ku muelelu wa mâyi adi ne bua kuikala ne mashinyi abidi adibu balomba kudi CoTCCC (bu mudi C-A-T Combat Application Tourniquet, SOFTT-W, anyi **tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mu mayi bu mudi RMT/2 udi kayi ne tshiamu tshia ratchet kusesuka padiku mâyi anyi kusesuka ne tshintu tshia kukuba natshi munya/mashi) tshikosa buludiludi ku luseke lua tshifulu ne tshibandilu tshia kuowa mâyi:

1. Kumpala, enza mudimu wa dienda pa mâyi: Ela tshilamba tshia muoyo, ela tshilamba tshia kulala, anyi utuluke muvuale tshiamu tshia dienda pa mâyi (PFD) ne tshilamba tshikuate ku tshianza tshiebe anyi tshikuate ku tshilamba tshiebe. Lama bukole bua muntu udibu bashipe bua se: nansha umue wa kunudi kajimina padi bianza bienu bienza mudimu.
2. Ela tshilamba tshia "High and Tight" pa tshitupa tshia mubidi MU MAYI:
3. Kujimiji dîba bua kukosa jeans anyi kukosa tshilamba tshia neoprene tshikole tshidi ne mâyi mu mayi to.
4. Ela tshilamba tshia tourniquet ku diboko anyi ku dikasa didi disama (anyi kupatula tshilamba tshia SOFTT-W / RMT ne kutshinyunguluka ku tshitupa tshia mubidi) muulu mu tshiadi (tshidi pabuipi ne tshiadi) anyi mu tshiadi (tshidi pabuipi ne tshianza tshia kuulu), nansha 5 too ne ku 7 santimetre (2 too ne ku 3 inches) pa mutu pa tshilamba tshia ku mutu.
5. Koka tshilamba tshia tshijengu bikole menemene kumpala kua kunyungulula mutshi wa windlass anyi kututa tshilamba tshia ratchet.
6. Kunyungulula mutshi wa windlass misangu ne misangu (pa tshibidilu misangu 3 anyi 5 mijima, anyi kupita apu pa tshilamba tshia mâyi tshinene tshidi mua kufina) ne utshisuike mu tshiamu tshia windlass.
7. Bandisha muntu udi mutapike pa buatu mutangile kuulu pikalaku mushindu:
8. Ela muntu udi mutapike pa wakeboard, surfboard, kneeboard, anyi tshibandilu tshia kuowa mâyi tshidi muinshi mua mâyi bua kuenza mudimu bu mutshi wa mukolo/tshiamu tshia kubandisha natshi bintu, ulama mubidi wende ne maulu ende bimane bimpe bua kuepuka dikuluka dia mashi.
9. Ela kabidi tshilumbu tshia tourniquet diakamue musangu umua pa tshibandilu tshia buatu tshiume:
10. Didimuija dia dikuma dia tshilamba tshia mâyi: Bilamba bia mâyi bia neoprene (3 mm too ne ku 7 mm bia bunene) mbiuwule tente ne bipese bia azote ne mâyi. Padibu bapatula muntu udibu bashipe mu mâyi pa tshibandilu, mâyi adi apatuka mu tshilamba tshia mâyi ne misunya ya ku makasa idi itaba, bidi mua kulekesha tshilamba tshia mu mâyi.
11. Tangila bimpa mputa ya propulseur idi pa tshibandilu: pikala mashi makunze atshidi anu apueka anyi apueka ku tshianza, kanga tshiamu tshia nzembu misangu mikuabu 1 anyi 2 anyi ela tourniquet MUIBIDI buludiludi pa mutu pa (pabuipi ne) tourniquet wa kumpala, ukose tshilamba tshia mâyi tshikole pa mutu pa tourniquet muibidi bikalabi bikengela; mona kupatuka mashi.

Kulama tshifu, difu, ne mutu pa tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshikuma pa mazuwa¶

Padi tshiamu tshia nzembu tshipita pa mukolo, tshiadi, mataku anyi mutu wa muena mayi:

• Open Pneumothorax ("Sucking Chest Wound") from Rib Strikes: Shi tshiamu tshia propulseur tshipita mu tshiadi ne mu tshiadi, kapepe kadi kabuela ne kapatuka mu tshimanu tshia tshiadi ne mupuya wonso, ne kunyangakaja mifuba. Diakamue, kukupula mayi ku kikoba tshidi tshinyunguluke tshilonda ne wela tshiamu tshia tshiadi tshidi ne luya (anyi tshibombi tshia plastike tshikezuke / tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidibu basuike ku nseke isatu bua kuenza tshiamu tshia flutter valve) bua kapepe kapatuke mu tshiadi kakuyi dipingana munda. Teka mubedi udi ne lungenyi mululame kakese anyi muinamine ku luseke lua mputa pikala mukolo mutapike.
• Dikuma dia mu tshifu, dia mu tshifu, ne dia mu tshifu: Dikuma dia propeller mu mataku ne mu tshiadi didi difikisha ku dipatuka dia mashi a bungi mu mishipa ne mu mishipa pamue ne ditshibuka dia mu tshifu. Bu mudi tshilamba tshia ku makasa katshiyi mua kutekibua pa mutu pa tshitupa tshia mu nshingu, lamakaja njila ya dipanda dia muinshi mua buloba bikole menemene kumbukila kuinshi too ne kuulu ku diambuluisha dia mivungu ya gauze wa hemostatic anyi bilamba bia kuowa nabi mâyi bimpe ne ikala anu ne bianza bibidi ne bujitu bua mubidi webe mujima; Lamakaja tshifu ku mifuba ya tshiadi (trochanters minene) ku diambuluisha dia tshilamba anyi tshintu tshia kulamakaja tshifu; mona mifuba mityumuke.
• Dikuba dia hypothermie: Muntu udi wenda mu mâyi udi mujimije litre 1 anyi 2 ya mashi udi ulua ne hypothermie mu minite mikese, nansha mu 30-degree-Celsius (86-degree-Fahrenheit) mu muvu wa été mu mapingaja, bualu lupepele ludi luenda lupita pa muelelu udi wenda usungila kikoba lukasa. Luya lua muinshi mua 35 degrés Celsius (95 degrés Fahrenheit) ludi lupangisha enzyme idi ikolesha mashi (hypothermic coagulopathy). Kosa bilamba bitoka padi mashi apatuka, umisha dikoba, ne uvuike mubedi mujima mu bilamba biume, mu bisaka bia kulala, anyi mu tshilamba tshia pambelu tshidi katshiyi tshibuela mâyi/tshilamba tshia muulu padibu benda lubilu lukole batangile ku tshitudilu tshia ambulanse; mona hypothermie ne frostbite.
• Carbon monoxide (CO) Triage on Exhaust-Exposed Swimmers: Bena mayi ne ba wakesurfers badibu bumbusha mu mayi pabuipi ne tshibuelelu tshia mazuwa a esanse, wakeboat, anyi houseboat badi kabidi mua kupeta disama dia carbon monoxide wa mu mayi ("teak surfing" hypoxia, ne dijimija dia mayi wa lungenyi ludi lufuanangana ne disama dia ku mutu anyi dijimina mu mayi. Ufila 100 pa lukama ya oxygène wa bungi diakamue padi baminganga bafika; mona monoxide de carbone.

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Mu dibunda dionso dia mu mayi, ku muelelu kua mayi, anyi mu dijiba dinene, ela Coast Guard / Marine Rescue on VHF Channel 16 (156.8 MHz) ne ubikile numero webe wa telefone wa njiwu udi pa buloba bua buatu anyi helikoptere wa tshiluilu tshia balami ba ku mpenga akukuate pa mayi padi ambulance milongolola pabuipi ne tshibandilu tshia buatu anyi tshitudilu tshia mazuwa. Tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bua tshinyi buatu budi kabuyi ne muntu budi buenda bupingana bua kunyema pa mutu pa muendeshi wabu udi mupatuke pamutu pa kuya mu mulongo mululame?¶

Padi tshiamu tshia nzembu tshienda tshinyunguluka lukasa mu luseke lumue (pa tshibidilu mu luseke lua dîba pa mazuwa adi ne motere umue), ditantamana dia mâyi ku mabeji adi mu njila didi dipatula bukole bua bungi bua kunyunguluka ("tshiendedi tshia nzembu" ne bukole bua dilombola) pa tshiamu tshia kuinshi anyi pa tshiamu tshia kuendesha natshi mazuwa. Padi muendeshi mukuate tshiamu tshia kuendesha natshi mashinyi anyi tshiamu tshia kuendesha natshi mashinyi, udi ukandamena bukole abu kayi wela meji to. Diakamue padi muendeshi wela mu buatu kayi muvuale tshiamu tshia Engine Cut-Off Switch (ECOS) tshidi tshishipa, tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi tshidi katshiyi tshikuate tshidi tshikosa bikole ku luseke lumue, tshikanga buatu budi kabuyi ne muntu mu tshijengu tshikole tshia lubilu lua bungi ("tshijengu tshia lufu") anu pa mutu pa muaba uvua muendeshi mukulukile.

Bua tshinyi bidi ne njiwu bua kusemena kudi muena mayi mu mayi ne transmission wa buatu mu Neutral ne motere utshidi anu wenza mudimu?¶

Tshia kumpala, biamu bia mu mayi bidi mu Neutral bidi mua kutuma bukole bua bungi bua mayi anyi bua tshiamu tshia mashinyi bua kunyunguluka tshiamu tshia nzembu bitekete bitekete, ne muena mayi kena mua kumvua anyi kumona tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia muinshi mua mâyi tshienda tshinyunguluka mu mâyi adi kaayi malelela to. Tshibidi, padi muendeshi wa mashinyi wimana pa tshibandilu anyi pa tshibandilu bua kuambuluisha bua kukoka muendeshi wa mayi, muendeshi, muana, mbwa, anyi dikasa dia muendeshi nkayende udi mua kututa tshiamu tshia throttle/shift mu mpukapuka mu Forward anyi Reverse, bienza bua biamu bia stainless-steel bienze lubilu lua 1000+ rpm buludiludi ku maulu a muendeshi. Misangu yonso ikala ujima tshiamu tshia kapia kumpala kua muntu nansha umue kubuela anyi kupatuka mu mayi pabuipi ne buatu.

Bua tshinyi badi ne tshia kuela tshiamu tshia tourniquet mu mayi kunyima kua tshiamu tshia buatu tshimane kukuma pamutu pa kuindila too ne padibu babandisha muntu udibu bashipe pa buatu?¶

Dikuma dia tshiamu tshia buatu ku dikasa anyi ku diboko ditu misangu ya bungi dipanda mushipa wa tshiadi, wa tshiadi anyi wa tshiadi miaba ya bungi. Mushipa wa tshiadi mukosa udi upatuka mashi kupita pa litre 1 ku minite, ne udi ufila dijimija dia mashi mu masekonde 90 too ne ku 120 patupu, ne mayi adi manyunguluke adi asukula bitupa bia mashi bidi bipatuka bua mashi kaayi apueka. Bualu bua kukoka muntu mule, mutapike, muwule tente ne mayi mu mayi manene pa mutu pa tshibandilu tshia buatu anyi pa tshibandilu tshikese tshia kubandila kudi kuangata minite 2 anyi 5, kuindila too ne padi muntu udibu bashipe ulua pa buatu bua kuimanyika dipatuka dia mashi kudi kumvuija ne: muntu udibu bashipe udi ufua padibu bamubandisha. Ela tshiamu tshia windlass anyi tshia ratchet tourniquet muulu ne mushindame pa tshitupa tshia mubidi paudi anu mu mayi, pashishe ubibandishe pa buatu ne utangile diakamue ni tshikole.

Tourniquet udi mua kuenza mudimu pa mutu pa tshilamba tshia mâyi tshia neoprene kunyima kua disama dia propeller anyi?¶

Eyowa, udi mua kuela ne udi ne tshia kuela tourniquet buludiludi pa tshilamba tshia mâyi paudi mu mayi bua wewe kubenga kujimija sekonde ya mushinga mukole bua kuteta bua kukosa neoprene mukole paudi wenda mu mayi. Ino, bu mudi bilamba bya neoprene (3 mm too ne ku 7 mm) bikale ne tshiamu tshia nsongo ne mayi adi apatuka padibu babandisha muntu udibu bashipe pa tshibandilu tshia buatu, tshilamba tshidibu bateka pa mutu pa tshilamba tshia mâyi tshidi mua kupatuka kakese panyima pa dibuela mu buatu. Tangila diakamue mputa padi muntu udibu bashipe ufika panshi pa mazuwa: pikala mashi atungunuka ne kupatuka, udi mua kukolesha tshilamba tshia ku tshianza anyi teka tshilamba tshibidi pa mutu pa tshia kumpala pa dikoba didi kadiyi ne tshintu panyima pa wewe mumane kukosa tshilamba tshia kuowa mâyi.

Bua tshinyi mputa ya nzembu ya buatu itu ipeta masama lukasa nansha mudibu bakokeshe mashi adi apatuka?¶

Biamu bia propeller bidi binyunguluka bidi bifikisha mâyi a mu dijiba, mu musulu anyi a mbuu too ne mu mifuba mikosoloke ne mu mifuba miunzulula. Mâyi a mu bufuki adi ne tuishi tudi tudia munyinyi, nangananga Aeromonas hydrophila mu mayi mimpe anyi a mukele ne Vibrio vulnificus mu mayi a mukele ne mu misulu, adi akola mu bitupa bia mubidi bidi kabiyi ne oxygène. Padiku kakuyi dipanda dia lukasa mu nzubu wa dipanda ne manga a pa buawu adibu bafila mu mijilu (adi akumbaja dikuba dia pa mutu pa manga a dikoba adibu batamba kuenza nawu mudimu), mputa ya propeller idi mua kufikisha ku disama dia mubidi didi mua kushipa muntu mu mêba 24.

Mukanda ewu udi ufila bukubi bua mu mayi, dinyema dia mazuwa adi anyema, ne mikenji ya dikuba dia mashi mu mayi mu tshimpitshimpi ne kena upingana pa muaba wa dilongesha dia bukubi dia bena mazuwa anyi luondapu lua mudimu to. Ela meji bua kulonga tulasa tua US Coast Guard Auxiliary / RYA Powerboat ne tulasa tua Stop the Bleed and First Aid ku diambuluisha dia Croix-Rouge, St John Ambulance, anyi American College of Surgeons.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Njiwu ya mazuwa
• Dituta dia Jet Ski (PWC): bua tshinyi kulekela tshiamu tshia mashinyi kudi kushipa steering ne mputa ya mu tshina tshia jet-nozzle
• Dina mu mayi
• Kupatuka mashi
• Dikosa ne dilama dia bitupa bia mubidi bikosa

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Balami ba ku muelelu wa mâyi ba mu États-Unis (USCG): 46 U.S.C. 4312 Tshintu tshia kukanga natshi motere (ECOS) Mikenji ya dinyanguka ne Mikenji ya kuepuka dibunda dia propeller
• Tshisumbu tshia Royal Yachting Association (RYA) & UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB): Kuenza mudimu bimpe ne mionji ya kushipa nayi mazuwa ne mazuwa a mâyi adi ne bukole (RIBs)
• Komite wa dilama dia bantu badi bafua mu mvita (CoTCCC) ne tshilongelu tshia baminganga ba mu Amerike (ACS): Lekela mashi: Mikenji ya dienza dia Tourniquet mu mayi ne mu mayi
• Wilderness Medical Society (WMS): Mibelu ya mudimu wa luondapu bua dibuela mu mayi, dibuela mu mayi, ne dilama dia njiwu ya mu mayi
• Bibambalu bia diluisha ne dikuba dia masama (CDC, États-Unis): Dilama dia masama a Vibrio vulnificus ne Aeromonas hydrophila mu mputa ya mu mayi