Disangisha dia nkamba ya PSU: Bua tshinyi kuenza mudimu ne nkamba ya mu tshiamu tshikuabu tshia nzembu kudi kunyanga disque dur ne SSD¶

Kulengeja tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia ku mesa (PSU) anyi kusakidila tshiamu tshipiatshipia tshia 2.5-inch SATA SSD anyi 3.5-inch hard disk pa kuangata tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia pa mutu mu tshibuta anyi kushiya tshiamu tshieba tshia kale tshia nzembu munda mua tshibombi ntshimue tshia ku bilema binene bia dienza dia PC. Paudi ufina butone bua nzembu ne tshiamu tshia PSU tshidi katshiyi tshipetangana, neuteleje dikuma dimue dikole difumina ku tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi katshiyi ne boot*, anyi neumone muishi wa muishi mubi ufumina ku disque dur yebe ya SATA, ku biamu bia RGB, anyi ku AIO liquid cooler controller, pashishe SATA udi ufuma ku BIOS yonso.

Bidi bienzeka bualu tshiamu tshia ku luseke lua PSU tshia nkamba ya nzembu katshiena tshilongolola mu mudimu wa PC to. Nansha mudi tshitupa tshia ku ndekelu kua tshiamu tshionso (tshiamu tshia 15-pin tshia SATA, tshia 24-pin tshia motherboard, anyi tshia 8-pin tshia PCIe GPU) tshilonda mikenji mikole ya ATX ne ya Serial ATA, **6-pin, 8-pin, anyi 18+10-pin idi kunyima kua tshiamu tshia nzembu idi mifila kudi Corsair Corsair mu mushindu mushilangane, EVGA, Asus, Cooler Master, be quiet, ne Thermaltake, ne imue misangu mene badi bashilangane pankatshi pa bipungu bibidi bia tshimanyinu tshimue (bu mudi Corsair Type 3 vs. Type 4, anyi EVGA SuperNOVA G2 vs. GQ). Kubueja tshiamu tshia Seasonic anyi EVGA tshia SATA mu Corsair PSU (anyi vice versa) kudi kufila +12V tshitekelu tshia bukole bua bungi buludiludi mu +5V logic rail (anyi swaps +5V ne Ground), kutuma 12 volts mu biamu bia SSD bia 5-volt ne mu biamu bia motere bia disque dur.

Shi tshiamu tshiebe tshia ordinatere tshidi tshifuma, tshitema, anyi tshipatula mupuya wa plastike udi utema, umbusha tshingoma tshia AC diakamue ne ubikile ku nimero wa njiwu wa muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni; tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi) pikala kapia katungunuka. Shi ki mmuomu, londa PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR connector melt, and electrical burning smell in PC mulombodi, dipanga dia disque dur ne dipingaja dia bintu, ne tshiamu tshia ku luseke tshia PC tshia makala matshibuka ne tshikebelu tshia panyima pa dibutuka dia mupenyi pamue ne protocole wa TVS diode rescue udi kuinshi eku bua kulama mikanda yebe idi kayiyi mua kupingajibua.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. LEKELA kufina butone bua PC, uteke tshiamu tshia PSU tshia panyima pa O (Off), ne umbusha tshingoma tshia ku tshimanu tshia AC. Shi tshiamu tshiebe tshipiatshipia tshia nzembu tshienza click umue wa tshiamu ne tshibenga kutemesha, Short Circuit Protection (SCP) udi usungila ordinatere webe bua kapia bualu tshiamu tshidi katshiyi tshipetangana tshidi tshilamakaja +12V/+5V ku Ground, anyi Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) diode wa mulambu udi pa tshisanji tshia tshiamu tshieba tshikole tshisangisha mu tshitupa tshipi. Kufina butone bua nzembu misangu ne misangu kudi mua kupitshila ku diode wa bukubi udi mufupike ne kuosha tshina tshidi mu tshiamu tshia mashinyi.
2. Umbusha ne umbusha nkamba yonso ya mu tshiamu tshia nzembu ne ku tshintu tshionso tshidi munda mua ordinatere. Kuela meji ne: nkamba kayi ivua mifumine ku PSU wa kale ne ivua mifumine ku kazubu kapiakapia to. Umbusha 100 pa lukama ya nkamba ya nzembu ya munda mu tshibombi (24-pin ATX, 8-pin EPS CPU, 8-pin PCIe GPU, ne 6-pin SATA/Molex) ne kutangila nzubu ya tshiamu tshia plastike bua kumona ni bimanyinu bia tshitampi (bu mudi Corsair Type 4, Seasonic RT- Series, anyi EVGA PERIF / VGA).
3. Umbusha bionso bia 3.5-inch SATA hard disk, 2.5-inch SATA SSDs, SATA-powered RGB/fan hubs, ne SATA-powered AIO liquid cooler pumps kumpala kua kuteta kabidi PC. Mismatched 6-pin Peripheral/SATA nkamba i tshintu tshia kumpala tshidi tshishipa bintu bualu idi ne voltage isatu mishilangane (+12V, +5V, ne +3.3V) ku luseke Ground mu tshitupa tshia 6-pin tshidi katshiyi tshiakane. Umanye ne: M.2 NVMe SSDs mikanga buludiludi ku karte ka mamu itu misangu yonso ipanduka ku disangisha dia nkamba ya SATA.
4. Kuena ne tshia kuela 8-pin EPS (CPU) nkamba mu 8-pin PCIe (GPU) socket (anyi vice versa), nansha biobi bienzejibue. Nansha mudibi bionso bibidi bienza mudimu ne nzubu wa tshijengu tshia 8-pin, polarite wabu udi 100 pa lukama mushintuluke: pa 8-pin EPS CPU tshintu tshia kulamakaja, mulongo wa kuulu (ku luseke lua tshitupa) udi +12V ne mulongo wa kuinshi udi Ground, kadi pa 8-pin PCIe GPU tshisangisha, mulongo wa kuulu udi Ground ne mulongo wa kuinshi udi +12V.
5. Tangila tshitupa tshia kuinshi tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshia 3.5-inch anyi 2.5-inch SATA SSD bua kumona ni kudi tshimanyinu tshikole pabuipi ne tshiamu tshia 15-pin SATA power connector kumpala kua kuela tshiamu etshi kule. Pabuipi ne biamu bionso bia 3.5-inch bia pa mesa (Western Digital, Segate, ne bia bungi 2.5-inch SSDs idi na TVS protection diodes (5V ne 12V) kunyima kua minu ya or ya bukole bua SATA. Padibu bakuma ne 12V pa 5V pin, 5V TVS diode udi unyunguluka mu budisuile 0.0-ohm circuit muipi bua kupangisha PSU webe ne kukuba bipese biebe ne bintu biebe.
6. Kumpala kua kulamakaja tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi katshiyi tshimueneka ku tshiamu tshia mashinyi anyi ku GPU, tangila bukole bua pinout ku diambuluisha dia Digital Multimeter padi tshiamu etshi tshibueja ANYI mu PSU. Kueyemenyi nansha kakese ne: nzembu ibidi idi imueneka muomumue pambelu; mionji ya munda ya 18AWG itu misangu ya bungi isabuka munda mua tshilamba tshifiike muaba uudi kuyi mua kuyimona.

Mutshi wa dipangadika: disangisha dia nkamba ya PSU ne disungula dia tshiamu tshia SATA tshifua¶

Londa njila wa dikonkonona eu diakamue panyima pa wewe mumane kumona ne: udi musambakaja nkamba ya PSU anyi panyima pa ordinatere mupiamupia mumane kujika anyi mupangile bua kumona biamu bia SATA.

flowchart TD
    A["Modular PSU Cable Mix-Up Occurred (Kulama nkamba ya kale mu tshibombi anyi nkamba ya pa mutu mienza mudimu mu tshibuta)"] --> B["Diakamue, ela tshiamu tshia PSU ku OFF (O), umbusha tshiamu tshia AC tshia ku tshimanu, ne umbusha nkamba yonso ya mu PC"]
    B --> C{"Nsinga kayi ya module ivuabu basangisha?"}
    C -->|"6-Pin SATA / Molex Peripheral Cable Only"| D["Patula bintu bionso bia 3.5-inch HDDs, 2.5-inch SATA SSDs, AIO pump SATA plugs, ne RGB hubs"]
    C -->|"24-Pin Motherboard, 8-Pin CPU, anyi 8-Pin PCIe GPU Cables"| E["Teka 100% ya nkamba ya bushuwa ivua milue mu kazubu ne tshimfuanyi etshi tshia PSU -> Tangila motherboard ne GPU bua kumona mupuya wa VRM muosha"]
    D --> F["Lamakaja anu nkamba ya 24-pin ATX ne 8-pin CPU ya bushuwa ya mu PSU wa mpindieu -> Boot ku BIOS anu ne tshiamu tshia M.2 NVMe tshiteka"]
    E --> F
    F --> G{"PC udi mua kutuadija mudimu bimpe mu BIOS ne nkamba ya bushuwa ne biamu bia SATA kabiyi bibueja anyi?"}
    G -->|"EYOWA: Motherboard, CPU, RAM, GPU, ne M.2 NVMe mbimpe"| H["Teta SATA HDD/SSD udi munyanguke pa tshiamu tshia USB-to-SATA anyi tangila tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi ne Multimètre mu mushindu wa Continuity/Ohm"]
    G -->|"NO: Utshidi anu ujika anyi mufue"| I["Kumbusha GPU ne kuteta PSU nkayende (Pin 16 to Pin 17 jumper) -> Tangila ni motherboard 5VSB/3.3V rail mupangile"]
    H --> J{"Ntshinyi tshidi tshienzeka padibu bateta SATA HDD / SSD udi munyanguke?"}
    J -->|"PSU udi ujika padi tshiamu tshibueja, anyi Multimètre udi wela 0.0 Ohms pankatshi pa +5V/+12V pins ne Ground"| K["SACRIFICIAL TVS DIODE SHORTED TO SAVE YOUR DATA: Umbusha diode wa TVS muipi (ne upingaje 0-ohm fuse resistor pikala mubulula) NANSHA shintulula PCB ne 8-pin BIOS ROM chip"]
    J -->|"Tshiamu katshiena tshishipa PSU to, kadi tshidi tshishala tshifua anyi tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi tshidi tshilua tshikole (>80C)"| L["5V PMIC anyi Marvell/SiliconMotion Controller Fried: Bua 3.5-inch HDD, enza PCB + 8-pin ROM swap; bua 2.5-inch SSD, tangila eFuse/capacitor anyi utume ku cleanroom lab"]

Tshitupa 1: Bua tshinyi nkamba ya PSU kayiyi milongolola (Tshiamu tshia mudimu)¶

Lumingu luonso, bena mudimu bapiluke ba malu a ordinatere ne badi benza ordinatere bua musangu wa kumpala batu bajimija terabytes ya foto ya dîku, midimu ya video, ne ya tshiamu tshia mudimu mu buteyi bumue: badi bapingaja tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia module, bamona ne: tshiamu tshifiike tshidiku 6-pin SATA ne 8-pin PCIe nkamba ikadi misuika bimpe kunyima kua tshitekelu tshia motherboard, ne kuela nkamba ya kale buludiludi kunyima kua PSU mupiamupia bualu biamu bia plastique bidi bikumbanangana bimpe ne mishindu ya muomumue ya tufungu.

1. Dilongolola dia ku luseke lua tshitupa ne dinyanguka dia ku luseke lua PSU¶

Mu malu a ordinatere ya pa mesa, malu abidi mashilangane adi alombola nkamba ya nzembu: 1. Ndekelu wa tshitupa (100% mulongolola pa buloba bujima): - 24-pin ATX motherboard connector, 4+4-pin EPS12V CPU connector, 6+2-pin PCIe GPU connector, 16-pin 12VHPWR / 12V-2x6 connector, ne 15-pin SATA power connector are strictly standardized by Intel Design CIX, PCI-GIDs, ne PCIe-GIDs Bulongolodi bua buloba bujima bua ATA (SATA-IO). - Pa 15-pin SATA plug udi ubuela mu SSD anyi mu disque dur webe: - Pins 1, 2, 3: +3.3V DC (Orange mu code wa dikala dia kale) - Pins 4, 5, 6: COM / Ground (Mufike) - Pins 7, 8, 9: +5V DC (Mukunze, udi ufila bukole 100% ya 2.5-inch SATA SSDs ne logic board ya 3.5-inch HDDs) - Pins 10, 11, 12: COM / Ground (Mufike) - Pins 13, 14, 15: +12V DC (Jaune, udi unyunguluka motere wa 3.5-inch HDDs) 2. The Power Supply Modular Backplane End (ZERO Industry Standard): - Nansha Intel ATX 3.0/3.1 nansha bulongolodi kampanda bua pa buloba bujima kabuena buleja mushindu udi 6-pin, 8-pin, 10-pin, anyi 18-pin pa PCB wa munda wa tshiamu tshia nzembu ne bua kuikala ne nshinga to. - Bintu bia kufila nabi nzembu bidi bipunga na Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) bu mudi Seasonic, CWT (Channel Well Technology), Great Wall, Super Flower, FSP, ne HEC. - OEM yonso udi uteka bimanyinu bia tshiamu tshia mitaku pa kazubu kende ka dipatuka mu mushindu mushilangane. Pin 1 pa 6-pin peripheral socket wa PSU Brand A udi mua kupatula +12V, padi Pin 1 pa tshitekelu tshia 6-pin tshidi tshimueneka tshimue tshia PSU Brand B tshidi tshipatuka +5V anyi Ground.

2. Bilejilu bia dibenga kupetangana dia pinout ya PSU ya mu buloba bulelela (Nansha mu tshimanyinu tshimue)¶

Tshitupa 2: Mushindu kayi udi 12V-mu-5V unyanga 3.5-inch HDDs vs. 2.5-inch SSDs vs. M.2 NVMe¶

Padi njila ya tshiamu tshia SATA kayiyi ipetangana +12V mu +5V pins (anyi reverse polarity), tshitupa tshia muoyo tshia bintu biebe tshidi tshilondeshila ku form factor ne circuit wa bukubi wa munda wa tshiamu tshionso tshia kulama bintu:

1. M.2 NVMe SSDs (Bolted directly into motherboard M.2 slots): 99% Bungi bua bantu badi bapanduka¶

• Bua tshinyi badi bashala ne muoyo: Mashinyi a M.2 NVMe kaena enza mudimu ne nkamba ya nzembu ya SATA to. Badi bazola +3.3V DC ku tshitupa tshia PCIe M.2 tshia karte ka mamu, kupueka ku 24-pin ATX nkamba ya tshiamu tshia mamu udi ulombola voltage. Shi udi anu musambakane 6-pin SATA/Molex nkamba, biamu biebe bia M.2 NVMe kabiena bikuata to.

2. 3.5-Inch Mechanical SATA Hard Drives (WD, Seagate, Toshiba): 95% Tshipiminu tshia dipanduka dia bintu (PCB / TVS Diode Rescue)¶

• Mushindu udi tshiamu etshi tshienza: Disque dur wa 3.5-inch udi ne bitupa bibidi bishilangane: tshiamu tshikanga Hard Disk Assembly (HDA) tshidi ne bipese ne mitu, ne Printed Circuit Board (PCB) wa pambelu wa vert anyi bleu muela kuinshi kua disque dur ne Torx 5 to ( 7T6 anyi T8) bipese.
• Tshienzedi tshia mulambu: Kunyima kua tshiamu tshia 15-pin tshia SATA tshidi pa PCB wa pambelu mudi bintu bibidi bia mulambu pa bionso bibidi +5V ne +12V njila: Zero-Ohm Fuse Resistor mu mulongo, ne Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) Diode miela mu parallel pankatshi pa tshiamu tshia nzembu (+5V anyi +12V) ne Ground. Microsecond +12V udi ukuma +5V tshintu tshia kubueja, 5-volt TVS diode (kukanga ku 6.4V to 6.8V) ku budisuile udi usunguluja tshitupa tshia munda tshia silicon mu tshintu tshia kashidi 0.0-ohm circuit muipi mufue ku Ground (ne misangu ya bungi udi ukangula tshiamu tshia zero-ohm tshidi pabuipi).
• Tshipeta: Etshi tshienzedi tshipi tshia budisuile tshidi tshipangisha diakamue tshiamu tshieba tshia nzembu tshidi tshikuba tshienzedi tshipi (SCP), kukosa bukole mu 1 millisecond kumpala kua tshipepele tshia 12V kufikatshi ku biamu bia magnétique anyi ku preamplifier munda mua tshibumba tshia mashinyi tshikanga. Ma dosie eba adi pa bipese adi 100 pa lukama; anu $0.50 TVS diode (anyi PCB wa pambelu) mmunyanguke.

3. 2.5-Inch SATA SSDs (Samsung 870 EVO, Crucial MX500, WD Blue, Kingston): 50% to 75% Bungi bua bantu badi bapanduka¶

• Mushindu udi tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshienza: 2.5-inch SATA SSD udi wenza mudimu anu ne +5V rail (Pins 7, 8, 9) ne kena ne bimanyinu bia munda bidi bilamakaja ku +12V tshitekelu (Pins 13, 14, 15). Shi tshilema tshia nkamba tshivua anu tshinyanga +12V bipese, SSD wa 2.5-inch udi ushala ne muoyo kayi munyanguke to.
• Ntshinyi tshidi mua kuenzeka pikala +12V udi ukuma +5V bipese (bipese 7, 8, 9):
  • Samsung (850/860/870 EVO/PRO), Intel, ne Crucial (MX500) SSDs idi ne input eFuse / Over-Voltage Protection (OVP) controller IC anyi 5V TVS diode + SMD capacitor bank ku luseke lua SATA power pins. Padibu bakuma ne 12V, diode wa TVS anyi capacitor udi ujika, anyi eFuse udi unzuluka, ulama biamu bia flash bia NAND mudi malu ebe.
  • Budget DRAM-less 2.5-inch SSDs imue misangu idi ifila +5V buludiludi mu Power Management Integrated Circuit (PMIC), udi ulomba dishintulula dia PMIC bua kubala NAND flash.

Tshitupa 3: Tshikebelu tshia multimètre ne protocole wa disungila dia TVS diode¶

Shi diske diebe dia 3.5-inch SATA anyi 2.5-inch SATA SSD kadiyi kabidi dimueneka mu BIOS (anyi dienza bua tshiamu tshia nzembu tshijike dîba dionso didibu batshibueja) kunyima kua dikosolola dia nkamba, kufutshi to $1,500 bua kupeta tshilongo tshia mu nzubu mukezuke kumpala kua kuenza tshikebelu tshia PCB tshia minite 5.

Tshitupa 1: Dikonkonona dia mesu ne dia mupuya dia PCB wa diendesha¶

1. Padibu bapatule tshiamu tshia mashinyi ku ordinatere, umbusha 4 too ne ku 7 Torx mukese (T6 anyi T8) bipese bikuata tshiamu tshia tshijengu tshia vert/bleu (PCB) kuinshi kua disque dur wa 3.5-inch ne ubalulula PCB bitekete bitekete. (Pa SSD wa 2.5-inch, kangula bipese 4 bia tshibuta anyi bipese bia kukanga nabi.)
2. Tangila bimpa na muendu ne tshiamu tshia kubandisha natshi bintu ku bintu munda mua 2 centimètres (0.8 inches) ya 15-pin SATA power gold fingers:
   • Keba bipese bibidi bikese bifiike bia maulu abidi bifunda pa tshiamu tshia silkscreen ne D1, D2, D3, D4, TVS, 5V, anyi 12V (misangu ya bungi batu bafunda pa mutu ne kode bu mudi AE, KE, LG, 6V8, SMAJ5.0A, anyi SMBJ12A).
   • Keba muaba mukese, tshitupa, anyi muishi mutoke pa 5V TVS diode anyi tshintu tshikese tshidi pabuipi natshi R / F tshikandakanda tshia fuse.

Tshitupa 2: Kuteta 5V ne 12V TVS diodes na Digital Multimeter¶

1. Teka tshiamu tshia bungi tshia ku Continuity / Diode Beep Mode anyi 200-Ohm Resistance (Ω) mode ne kulenga biamu bibidi pamue bua kujadika bipendu bia metre (0.0 to 0.2 Ohms).
2. Teka tshiamu tshimua pa dikasa dimue dia tshiamu tshia 5V TVS diode** ne tshintu tshikuabu tshidi pa dikasa dia tshiamu dia diode dimue adi:
   • Diode wa TVS udi ne makanda a mubidi udi kauyi muipi: KAYENA mbila misangu yonso mu nseke yonso ibidi (udi ubala tshijengu tshiunzulula OL anyi 0.5V to 1.5V upueka anu mu luseke lumue).
   • Shorted (Blown) TVS Diode: Multimètre udi wela mbila misangu yonso mu nseke yonso ibidi ya tshikebelu ne udi ubala 0.0 to 1.5 Ohms.
3. Enza kabidi mateta abidi mu 12V TVS diode, pashishe teta Zero-Ohm Fuse Resistor (0, 000, R, F1, anyi F2 ku luseke lua TVS diode): tshiamu tshia fuse tshimpe tshidi tshiela mbila (0.0 Ohms), kadi tshiamu tshia fuse tshidi tshipatuka tshidi tshibala OL (Open Loop).

Tshitupa 3: Kusungula mushindu muimpe wa kulongolola bua kupingaja malu ebe diakamue¶

Padi tshiamu tshieba tshia bungi tshijadika diode wa TVS muipi (0.0 Ohms) pa PCB wa tshiamu tshieba, enza mudimu ne umue wa ku mishindu ibidi mijadika bua kupingaja tshiamu tshiebe ku Enternete ne kukopa mikanda yebe:

1. Mushindu A: Kumbusha anyi kukosa diode wa TVS muipi (Dikuatshisha dia lukasa):
   • Bualu tshiamu tshia TVS tshidi tshilamakaja mu parallèle pankatshi pa tshiamu tshia nzembu (+5V anyi +12V) ne Ground, mudimu wandi udi anu wa kuenza mudimu bu tshintu tshidi tshipangisha mvula. Kumbusha bimpe diode wa TVS muipi (anyi kukosa dimue dia ku maulu ende abidi a tshiamu ne biamu bia kukosa nabi) kudi kumbusha diakamue tshitupa tshipi tshidi pankatshi pa +5V/+12V ne Ground.
   • Note: Shi tshintu tshia zero-ohm tshidi pabuipi natshi tshidi kabidi tshipatuka (OL), udi ne tshia kupingajibua anyi kubuikila ne pico-fuse bua bukole buende. Padibu bumbusha diode muipi, tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi ne zero over-voltage protection too ne padi tshipiatshipia $0.50 SMAJ5.0A / SMBJ12A diode udi muela, nunku udi mua kumulamakaja anu ku tshiamu tshia 5V/12V PSU anyi USB dock bua kukopa mikanda yebe diakamue.
2. Mushindu B: Dishintakaja dia PCB wa mufidi + Dishintakaja dia tshiamu tshia 8-Pin BIOS ROM:
   • Shi IC wa mulombodi wa motere (Smooth anyi ROHM tshitupa) tshidi kabidi tshijika, sumba PCB wa mufidi wa muomumue pa kukumbaja nomba wa tshiamu tshia PCB (bu mudi Western Digital 2060-8000xx-001 REV P1 anyi Seagate 1008xxxxx).
   • Mukenji wa mushinga mukole: Kuena mua kukuata anu PCB wa difila ku disque dur wa matuku etu aa nkayende to. Disque dur yonso wa matuku etu aa udi ne mesa a pa buawu adibu mua kuenza nawu mudimu munda mua tshiamu tshia 8-legged SPI Flash ROM chip (tshidibu bafunde U12 anyi 25Qxxx) pa PCB wa ku ntuadijilu. Udi ne tshia kutuma tshiamu tshikese tshia 8-pin ROM tshifumina ku PCB webe udi muoshe ku PCB wa mufidi ku diambuluisha dia kapepe ka kapia (bafidi ba bungi ba HDD PCB ba ku Enternete badi ne mudimu wa dituma dia ROM bua $10 to $15).

Tshitupa 4: Mushindu kayi wa kujadika tshiamu tshia PSU tshidi ne tshiamu tshia bungi kumpala kua kutshibueja mu tshiamu tshia mashinyi¶

Shi udi na kazubu ka nkamba ya PSU mifike misambakaja ne kuyi mujadike 100 pa lukama nkamba kayi idi ya mu tshiamu tshieba tshia nzembu, kuena muanji "kuteta pa kuela tshiamu tshia kale tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu to." Pamutu pa nanku, enza mudimu ne 3-Minute No-Component Multimeter Pinout Verification:

1. Umbusha PSU ku bitupa bionso bia ordinatere (umbusha nkamba ya 24-pin, CPU, GPU, ne SATA ku motherboard, ku karte ka graphique, ne ku mashinyi).
2. Ela anu tshiamu tshia ATX tshia 24-pin ne tshiamu tshia 6-pin SATA anyi tshiamu tshia PCIe tshia 8-pin) mu biamu bia PSU.
3. Teka PSU nkayende ku diambuluisha dia 24-pin PSU Jumper Block (bridging Pin 16 PS_ON# to Pin 17 Ground, bu mudibi bileja mu PSU capacitor pop ne mupuya wa nzembu mu PC).
4. Teka Digital Multimètre webe pa 20V DC (Direct Current Voltage).
5. Kuata Mufiike (COM) tshikebelu munda mua tshintu tshionso tshimanyike Ground tshina tshidi pa tshiamu tshia 24-pin (bu mudi Pin 17), ne tenga bimpe Red (V) tshikebelu ku bipese bia dipetangana ku ku ndekelu kua tshitupa tshia tshiamu tshia nshinga:

Tablo wa dijadika dia voltage wa ku ndekelu kua tshitupa (Tshidi multimètre webe ne bua kubala)¶

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Shi circuit muipi wa tshiamu tshia nzembu udi ukebesha kapia ka nzembu, muishi wa plastique mubi, anyi nzembu misunguluke munda mua ordinatere webe wa pa mesa, anyi shi udi dijinga ne luapolo lua bukubi lua bintu, enza mudimu ne bintu bidi kuinshi eku:

États-Unis ne Canada¶

• Dituma dia kapia mu tshimpitshimpi: Bikila 911 diakamue pikala kapia anyi muishi utungunuka kunyima kua dikosa dia nzembu ya AC.
• Dimanyisha dia bilema bia bintu bia nzembu: Mu ditunga dia États-Unis, manyisha nkamba ya bantu bakuabu idi kayiyi ne bukubi anyi ya nzembu idi kayiyi ne bukubi bua tshitupa tshîpi (SCP) ku U.S. Tshibambalu tshia bukubi bua bintu bia bantu badi basumba (CPSC) ku SaferProducts.gov anyi 1-800-638-2772. Mu Canada, funda kudi Health Canada Consumer Product Safety anyi kudi tshibambalu tshia bukubi bua nzembu tshia mu provense webe (ESA mu Ontario).

Royaume-Uni¶

• Dituma dia kapia mu tshimpitshimpi: Bikila 999 (anyi 112).
• Dimanyisha dia bukubi bua nzembu: Dimanyisha dia nkamba ya nzembu idi kayiyi mimpe anyi biamu bia PSU bia dishima kudi Citizens Advice Consumer Service (0808 223 1133) / local Trading Standards, ne tangila Electrical Safety First (electricalsafetyfirst.org.uk).

Buobumue bua matunga a ku Mputu¶

• Nombre wa tshimpitshimpi wa Pan-European: Bikila ku 112 bua kapia anyi malu a luondapu mu matunga onso adi mu UE.
• EU Safety Gate (RAPEX): Tangila anyi manyisha malu adi kaayi malonda mikenji ya PC ne nkamba ku diambuluisha dia European Commission Safety Gate Rapid Alert System (ec.europa.eu/safety-gate) muinshi mua mukenji wa UE wa Voltage mukese (2014/35/EU).

Australie ne Nouvelle-Zélande¶

• Dituma dia kapia mu tshimpitshimpi: Bikila 000 mu Australie anyi 111 mu Nouvelle-Zélande.
• Dimanyisha dia malu a bukubi: Tangila Tshimanyinu tshia dilonda dia mikenji (RCM) pa bintu bia nzembu ku diambuluisha dia ERAC ne kumanyisha bintu bia nzembu bidi kabiyi bia bukubi kudi ACCC (ProductSafety.gov.au) mu Australie anyi WorkSafe New Zealand (Energy Safety).

India ne Asia-Pacifique¶

• India: Bikila 112 anyi 101 (Kapia). Tangila ni bintu bia nzembu bidi na Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS CRS IS 13252 / IEC 62368-1) difunda.
• Singapore & Japan: Mu Singapour, bikila 995 (SCDF) ne tangila Enterprise Singapore SAFETY Mark. Mu Japon, bikila 119 (Kapia) ne ujadike METI PSE funda pa bintu bionso bia PC.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Tshijadiki tshia muenji wa PSU tshianyi tshidiku tshitangila disque dur anyi SSD yanyi mikanga bikalabi ne: ndi muenze mudimu ne nkamba ya modular ya ku tshiamu tshikuabu tshia nzembu anyi?¶

Tòo. Muntu yonso udi wenza PSU (Corsair, Seasonic, EVGA, Asus, be quiet, Cooler Master, Thermaltake) udi wamba mu mêyi ende a tshijadiki ne: kuenza mudimu ne nkamba ya mishindu ne mishindu idi kayiyi mifunda mu mukanda wende wa Cable Compatibility Chart kudi kupangisha dikuba dia bintu bidi binyanguka. Shi uvua muenze mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kupingaja natshi tshidi tshileja patoke bua modele webe wa PSU ne tshilema tshia nshinga ya ku tshiapu tshinyange biamu biebe bia mudimu, tshilumbu tshia dilomba dia garantie tshia muenji wa PSU tshidi mua kukuba bintu ebi wewe mulame PSU ne tshiamu bua kutshikonkonona.

Bua tshinyi ordinatere wanyi uvua mubenge bua kuenza mudimu ne dîyi dimue dia "click" pamvua muele tshiamu tshia SATA tshivua katshiyi tshipetangana, ne dikuma adi divuaku dinyanga karte kanyi ka mamu anyi?¶

Dikuma dia tshiamu dimua adi lumu luimpa bua karte kebe ka mamu, CPU, ne karte ka graphique. I mutoyi wa tshiamu tshieba tshia nzembu tshia munda mua 1 anyi 2 millisecond bualu tshiamu tshidi katshiyi tshipetangana tshidi tshilamakaja tshiamu tshia nzembu ku buloba anyi tshienza bua diode wa dikuba dia TVS udi pa diske diebe dikole dikale mu tshitupa tshipi tshia 0.0-ohm. Bu mudi SCP ukanga tshiamu tshia nzembu diakamue, motherboard webe, CPU, RAM, GPU, ne M.2 NVMe SSDs kabiena binyanguka mu misangu mipite pa 95 pa lukama paudi umbusha tshiamu tshidi katshiyi tshipetangana ne tshiamu tshia SATA tshidi tshifupike to.

Meme mutshibule anyi mumbushe diode wa 5V TVS mu tshitupa tshia circuit tshia disque dur wanyi bua kupeta mikanda yanyi, mbimpe kutungunuka ne kuenza mudimu ne disque dur au kashidi anyi?¶

Angata diumusha dia TVS diode muipi anu bu bualu bua tshitupa tshîpi bua kupatula malu a tshimpitshimpi, ki mbua dilongolola dia kashidi to. Padibu bumbusha 5V anyi 12V TVS diode ku circuit board, tshiamu tshidi tshienza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia nzembu tshikezuke, kadi katshiena kabidi ne tshiamu tshia bukubi tshia nzembu mipite bungi pikalaku dikola dia nzembu mu matuku atshilualua to. Diakamue kunyima kua tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshimane kunyunguluka, funda 100 pa lukama ya mikanda yebe mu tshiamu tshipiatshipia tshia kulama nabi bintu; bua kutungunuka ne kuenza mudimu ne disque dur mulongolola pashishe, ela diode mupiamupia wa TVS (`SMAJ5.0A` bua 5V anyi `SMBJ12A` bua 12V) pa bipese.

Biamu bia kukolesha nabi nkamba (bu mudi CableMod anyi AsiaHorse) bidiku bimpa bua kuenza nabi mudimu mu mishindu yonso ya difila dia nzembu anyi?¶

Kudi dishilangana dinene pankatshi pa "Modular Replacement Cable" (udi ubuela buludiludi mu bipese bidi kabiyi biakane bidi kunyima kua tshiamu tshia nzembu) ne "Universal Cable Extension" (udi ubuela mu tshitupa tshia ndekelu tshia nkamba ya kumpala ya PSU webe). Nsinga ya 24-pin ATX, 8-pin EPS CPU, ne 8-pin PCIe GPU idi ne 1-to-1 pass-through extensions idi ilamakaja ku ndekelu kua tshitupa tshia pa tshibidilu, nunku idi yenza mudimu mu tshitupa tshionso tshia PSU. Nsinga ya modular ya bule bujima idibu bapingaja buludiludi mu nzubu wa PSU idi mimanyine pa modele ne idi mua kunyanga bintu bikalabu bayienza mudimu mu PSU mubi.

Tshiamu tshia SATA tshidi mua kuenza mudimu ne AIO liquid CPU cooler pump anyi RGB ventilator controller hub anyi?¶

Eyowa. Pabuipi ne biamu bionso bia matuku etu aa bia All-in-One (AIO) bia CPU bia mâyi ne biamu bia ARGB bidi bikoka +12V bua motere ya pompe/fan ne +5V bua biamu bia LED bia RGB (`WS2812B`) ne microcontroller kupitshila ku 15-pin SATA power plug. Shi tshiamu tshia SATA tshidi katshiyi tshipetangana tshituma +12V mu tshitekelu tshia +5V, tshidi tshiosha tshiamu tshia 5V tshidi munda mua RGB hub ne tshiosha 5V ARGB LEDs. Shi tshiamu tshieba tshia CPU tshibanda too ne ku 100 degrés Celsius patudi tubanga mudimu kunyima kua dinyanguka dia nkamba, tshiamu tshieba tshia AIO tshidi tshinyanguke bua dikola dia bukole dia SATA (tangila bulombodi buetu bua dikuata dia PC dia pa buadi ne dipatuka dia tshiamu tshia mashika).

Netuambe tshinyi meme musangishe tshiamu tshia 24-pin ATX anyi tshiamu tshia 8-pin tshia CPU pankatshi pa mishindu ibidi ya PSU?¶

Nansha mudi ma karte a matuku etu aa ne karte ka graphique ne biamu bia kubueja nabi ne VRM MOSFETs idi ne bukubi bua circuit muipi idi misangu ya bungi inyanga SCP wa PSU kumpala kua dinyanguka dinene kuenzeka (nangananga bikalabu bashintulule tshiamu tshia CPU tshia 8-pin ne tshiamu tshia PCIe tshia 8-pin, tshienza 12V-to-G 24-pins), kusanganya cAT X muipi udi mua kutuma +12V mu +5VSB anyi +3.3V ya tshiamu tshia mamu. Umbusha nkamba yonso idi kayiyi ipetangana, teka nkamba ya bushuwa ivua milue ne PSU webe, umbusha bateri wa CMOS munkatshi mua tusunsa 60, ne teta bua kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia breadboard tshikese.

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Intel Corporation (United States): ATX Version 3.0 ne ATX Version 3.1 Multi-Rail Power Supply Design Guide (Standardized component-side 24-pin ATX, 8-pin EPS12V, and 15-pin SATA voltage tolerances vs. unstandardized OEM module backplances, plus SCP ne OVP malu a luendu).
• Serial ATA International Organization (SATA-IO, International): Serial ATA Revision 3.5 Electrification and 15-Pin Power Connector Specification (Pin 1-3 +3.3V, Pin 4-6 GND, Pin 7-9 +5V, Pin 10-12 GND, Pin 13-15 +12V midimu ne bule bua dipetangana dia precharge wa hot-plug).
• Corsair Memory, Inc. & Seasonic Electronics Co., Ltd.: Official PSU Modular Cable Compatibility Matrices (Corsair Type 3 / Type 4 / Type 5 ne Seasonic Focus / Prime / Vertex Pinout Documentation).
• Littelfuse, Inc. & Vishay Intertechnology: Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) Diode Application Notes (SMAJ5.0A / SMBJ12A Crowbar Short-Circuit Clamping Behavior on Storage Drive Power Rails).
• Underwriters Laboratories (UL) & Komite wa malu a nzembu wa pa buloba bujima (IEC): UL/IEC 62368-1 Malu adibu balomba bua kulama bintu bia kuteleja/bimona, bia kumanyisha ne bia dimanyishangana.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR connector melt, and electrical burning smell in PC
• Tshiamu tshia ku luseke tshia tshiamu tshia ordinatere tshia makala matshibuka ne tshikebelu tshia panyima pa dibutuka dia mupenyi
• PC wa pa buawu udi upita luya ne dipatuka dia tshiamu tshia mashika
• Dipanga dia disque dur ne dipingaja dia bintu
• Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi