Tshipepele tshia mu nzubu mujima anyi tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia CFM tshikole: Kukoka kapepe ka carbone ka lufu panshi mu tshiamu tshieba tshia kuowa natshi mayi¶

Paudi utemesha ventilateur wa bukole wa nzubu mujima, ela kapia ka 600 to 1,200 cubic feet per minute (CFM) kitchen range hood, anyi musangu umue enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bilamba, ventilateur ibidi ya mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi, ne kapia ka nkunyi munda mua nzubu wa tshilala benyi udi ne tshitupa tshia matuku etu aa madidishi makanga, udi ukudimuna diakamue nzubu webe mujima mu nzubu munene wa tshisuku. Bu mudi luya kaluyi mua kubuela munda bipepele kupitshila ku madidishi adi ne madidishi asatu, ku bimanu bia ku nseke, anyi ku biibi bia pambelu bidi kabiyi ne luya bua kupingana pa muaba wa nkama ya metre kubike ya luya ludi lupatuka mu nzubu ku minite yonso, tshipepele tshia mu nzubu tshidi tshipueka ne 5 too ne ku 30 Pascals (0.0.2 too ne ku 0.2) munda mua mayi anyi pambelu pa tshibumba. tshipepele tshia mu lupepele. Tshipepele tshibi tshia munda mua nzubu tshidi tshipita bipepele bukole bua pa mutu (anu 2 anyi 4 Pascals) bua tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi tshia mu lupepele, tshioshelu tshia gaz tshidi tshienza mudimu bimpe menemene 80 pa lukama, anyi tshioshelu tshia gaz. Pamutu pa luya lua kapia lukole ludi lubanda mu tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia B-vent too ne kuulu kua nzubu, nzubu webe udi unua kapepe ka mashika ka pambelu kupingana panyima mu tshiibi tshia kapia ne udi wenza bua 100 pa lukama ya monoxide de carbone (CO), dioxyde de azote, ne luya lua kapia lukole lua tshiamu tshiebe tshia kapia tshipatuke buludiludi muinshi mua tshiibi, mu nzubu webe wa tshiibi, anyi mu nzubu webe wa mudimu. Lama muaba webe nomba ya tshimpitshimpi balame, ne ubale bulombodi buetu pa tshioshelu tshia gaz naturel tshidi tshishintakaja kapia ne tshidi tshipingaja luya kunyima, dinyanguka dia monoxide de carbone ne dipatuka dia gaz, ne monoxide de carbone wa mu garage ne disukula dia kapia kadiyi ne tshifungu.

Bishilangane na dinyanguka dia tshiamu munda mua tshiamu tshinyanguke, dinyanguka dia luya lubi didi dienzeka ku biamu bipiabipia bia kuenza nabi mudimu ne bia kuenza nabi mudimu dîba didi muntu utemesha ventilateur wa bukole bua bungi kayi mubulule dididishi bua kupeta kapepe ka makeup. Kumanya mua kutshibula tshiamu tshia mu nzubu mu masekonde 10, kumona bipese bia milonda ya plastique misunguluke pa mutu pa tshiamu tshiebe tshia kuenza natshi mudimu, ne kuteta Combustion Appliance Zone (CAZ) wa mu nzubu webe bua kupangisha dipuekesha dia luya butuku ne kapia ka kapia.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Bikala alarme wa monoxide de carbone wenda udila NANSHA muntu yonso mu nzubu umvua mutu usama ku mpala, tshiji, tshiji, anyi dipanga dia lungenyi dia tshimpitshimpi: umbusha muntu yonso ne nyama yonso pambelu diakamue. Kuimana bua kukangula madidishi anyi kutangila nzubu wa mudimu bikala alarme webe wa CO wenda udila (mutoyi inayi mikole, kuimana, ne bantu banayi badi mu nzubu) anyi pikala mbila tshimanyishilu. Lekela tshiibi tshia pambelu tshiunzulula paudi upatuka ne ubikile bena mutumba nebe nomba ya tshimpitshimpi (911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) ku kapepe kimpe pambelu.
2. **Bikalaku kakuyi alarme udi udila ne muntu nansha umue kayi ne bimanyinu, kadi udi umvua mupuya wa kapia, wa tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi wa gaz wa mashika padi ventilateur wa nzubu mujima anyi tshiamu tshia nzembu tshienza mudimu: kanga ventilateur yonso wa mu nzubu mujima, tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia mu tshikuku, tshilamba tshia kusukula natshi bilamba, tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi ne tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu bionso bia mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi kupatula kapepe ka mu nzubu mu tshibuikidiji tshia nzubu.
3. Kangula madidishi abidi adi ku nseke mishilangane ya nzubu mu bule bua santimetre 10 too ne ku 15 (4 too ne ku 6 inches) bua kuenza bua luya lua munda ne lua pambelu luikale lua muomumue. Kukangula dididishi kudi kutshibula diakamue tshipepele tshibi tshidi munda mua nzubu, kuenza bua luya lua pambelu lubuele mu dididishi pamutu pa kupueka mâyi mu tshina tshia kapia anyi mu tshina tshiebe tshia kapia tshipupu.
4. Kudimuna tshiamu tshia mudilu wa mayi a gaz ku "PILOT" anyi "VACATION / OFF" ne uteke tshiamu tshia luya tshia munkatshi mua "OFF" bua biamu binene bia kapia bimane kuenza kapia. Too ne padi luya lua mashika ludi munda mua tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia kapia lujika ne lushintulula njila, tshiamu tshionso tshia kapia netshitungunuke ne kuela monoxide de carbone mu nzubu wa mudimu.
5. Tangila pa mutu pa tshiamu tshieba tshia kukanga natshi mayi a gaz ku tshiibi tshimpe bua kumona ni milonda ya plastique misunguluke, peinture muosha, anyi mâyi adi apueka mu tshibuelelu tshia luya. Kuteka mpala webe pabuipi ne tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku (tshibuikidiji tshia luya) pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mayi, muaba udi luya lua 200-degree-Celsius (39-F) ne luya lua gaz monoxide de carbone wa bungi udi upatuka pambelu mu tshikondo tshia dipingana dia luya lua panyima.
6. Kuena ne bua kuenza mudimu ne ventilateur wa mu nzubu mujima to, anu padibu banji kunzulula madidishi 4 anyi 6, ne kukanga madidishi onso a mu nzubu padi ventilateur wa nzubu mujima wenda unyunguluka to. Enza bua se: madidishi adi ne bua kunzulula kumpala kua kutenga tshiamu tshia ventilateur, ne ventilateur ikale muimane bikole **kumpala kua madidishi kaayi makanga butuku.

Mutshi wa mapangadika: Disungula ne dishintulula dia bukole bua dipuekesha dia bukole dia nzubu¶

Ingidija mutshi wa mapangadika a mudimu ewu paudi wela meji ne: tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi kapia, tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi bilamba, tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba, anyi tshiamu tshia kapia tshidi tshikoka luya lua kapia lua kapia kunyima mu tshina tshia kapia anyi tshia tshiamu tshia kapia.

flowchart TD
    Start["Lungenyi lua kapia: mupuya wa kapia, bipese bia tshiamu tshia kapia tshia mayi, lupuishi, anyi didimuija dia CO padi biamu bia kapia bienda"] --> CheckCO{"1. Alarme wa CO udi udila ANYI muntu udi ne mutu usama, mutshima, tshiji, anyi dipanga dia lungenyi?"}

    CheckCO -->|"EYOWA: Njiu ya disama dia CO"| EvacuateNow["PUTUKA DIAMUE: Upatule bantu bonso ne nyama ya pambelu bua kupeta kapepe kimpe -> Lekela tshiibi tshia pambelu tshiunzulula -> Bikila 911 / 112 / 999 pambelu"]

    CheckCO -->|"NO: Kakuena alarme ne kakuena bimanyinu, kadi luya lua kapia/luya ludi lupatuka mu nzubu wa mudimu"| KillVacuum["MUSHINDU 2 (TSHISHILA MUSHINDU MU 10 SEKONDE): 1. Jima ventilateur wa mu nzubu mujima ne tshilamba tshia mu tshikuku 2. Jima tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba, tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mâyi ne ventilateur wa mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi 3. Kangula madidishi abidi a pambelu a bule bua 15 cm (6 in) diakamue"]

    KillVacuum --> ShutBurners["TSHITUPA 3 (LEKELA KUJIMA): - Kudimuna tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mayi ku PILOT anyi ku OFF - Teka Thermostat wa Furnace / Boiler ku OFF - Kanga biibi bia makala pa tshioshelu tshionso tshia nkunyi"]

    ShutBurners --> InspectHood{"4. Tangila pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mayi / tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi kunyima kua minite 15 ya dipuekesha luya"}

    InspectHood -->|"Bipese bia milondo ya plastique misunguluke, lupuishi lufiike pa tshibuikidiji tshia pa mutu, anyi tshintu tshidi tshipatuka"| ChronicBackdraft["BUALU BUA KUENZA BIKOLE: Tshipepele tshia mu tshina tshia kapia tshivua tshipingajibua kudi tshipepele tshibi tshia mu nzubu anyi dikanga dia tshiibi tshia kapia"]

    InspectHood -->|"Kakuyi tshiamu tshiosha, tshibuikidiji tshia mashika"| PerformSmokeTest["TSHIPA 5: Enza 60-Second Window-Closed vs. Window-Open Smoke / Mirror Draft Test (Tangila mushindu udi kuinshi eku)"]

    ChronicBackdraft --> CallPro["KUENJI mudimu ne biamu bia CFM bia bungi ne madidishi makanga to; Lomba muena mudimu wa HVAC / BPI bua kuteka tshintu tshia kukanga natshi kapepe anyi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi kapia tshidi ne luya lua kapia"]
    PerformSmokeTest --> CallPro

Fizike wa dijimija dia bukole mu nzubu: Pascals, CFM, ne "5-Pascal Death Threshold"¶

Bua kumvua bua tshinyi nzubu ya lelu idi kayiyi ilomba luya lua bungi ne nzubu ya kulamba milongolola idi mikole bua kupeta kapepe ka carbone kupita nzubu ya mu bidimu bia 1950, udi ne bua kumvua mvita idi pankatshi pa buoyancy thermal naturel (effet stack) ne suction wa ventilateur wa tshiamu tshia nzembu.

1. Mushindu kayi udi tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mayi anyi tshia mu tshikuku tshienza mudimu¶

Pabuipi ne 60 pa lukama ya biamu bia kuowa nabi mâyi bia mu nzubu bia gaz naturel ne bia propane, ne kabidi biamu bia kale bia 80 pa lukama bidi bienza mudimu bimpe, bidi biamu bia mudimu bia mu lupepele bia mulongo wa kumpala. - Tshintu tshia kuosha natshi mayi katshiena ne ventilateur wa nzembu udi utuma kapia mu tshina tshia kapia to. - Pamutu pa nanku, tshiamu tshia kapia tshidi tshiosha luya lua kapia too ne ku 175 too ne ku 230 degre Celsius (350 too ne 450 degre Fahrenheit). Bu mudi kapepe ka kapia kadiyi ne bujitu bua bungi kupita kapepe ka mashika ka mu nzubu, kadi kabanda muulu kupitshila mu tshibuelelu tshia munkatshi mua tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mayi, kapitshila mu tshitupa tshia kapepe tshidi pa mutu pa tshina tshidibu babikila ne: tshilamba tshia luya (draft diverter), ne tshibandila mu tshiamu tshia aluminium tshia B-vent anyi mu tshiibi tshia kapia too ne kuulu kua nzubu. - Mmunyi mudi tshipepele tshia mu tshina tshia kapia tshitekete? Bukole budi bubandisha munda mua tshina tshia kapia tshia metre 5 (16-foot) budi bukese: pa tshibidilu anu -2 to -5 Pascals (-0.008 to -0.020 inches of water column), bujitu bua tshintu tshidi pa tshianza tshiebe.

2. Bua tshinyi mikenji ya luibaku ne mikenji ya BPI idi iteka tshipiminu tshia dijimija dia luya lua nzubu ku -5.0 Pascals¶

Muinshi mua Building Performance Institute (BPI-1200) ne ASHRAE Standard 62.2 mikenji ya bukubi bua kapia, Combustion Appliance Zone (CAZ) Depressurization Limit bua nzubu yonso udi ne tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi tshia gaz naturel tshidi tshinyanguka ku -2.0 too ne ku -5.0.. - Padi tshipepele tshia munda mua nzubu tshipueka too ne ku -5.0 Pascals pa kumona pambelu, tshipepele tshidi tshikoka munda mua nzubu muebe tshidi tshifuanangane anyi tshipita tshipepele tshidi tshibandila munda mua tshiibi tshia kapia ka mayi. - Shi tshiamu tshia kuosha natshi mayi tshidi tshilongolola padi tshiamu tshieba tshia kuosha natshi anyi tshiamu tshia kuulu tshipuekesha nzembu mu nzubu too ne ku -5 Pascals, lupepele lua pambelu ludi luenda lupingana panyima mu tshiibi tshia kapia mu nzubu webe wa muinshi mua buloba. - Padi muntu mukuabu utemesha pompi wa mayi a kapia ne tshiamu tshia 40,000 BTU/hr tshidi tshitema, kapepe ka mashika kadi kapueka munda mua tshina tshia kapia kadi kapangisha luya lua kapia bua kubandila ne kafila 100 pa lukama lua luya lua kapia mu nzubu muebe mu tshikondo tshijima tshia kapia.

3. Bua tshinyi biibi bia nzubu ya tshilala benyi ne mashika a pambelu bidi bivudija njiwu¶

1. Biibi bia nzubu wa mudimu bikanga ne tshina tshia kapepe ka kupingana: Shi tshiamu tshieba tshia kapia tshia gaz tshidi munda mua kazubu kakese ka kapepe ka ku luseke lua kapepe ka bukole, ne kudi tshitupa tshidi katshiyi tshikanga mu tshikuku tshia tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia kapepe tshia kupingana anu ku luseke lua tshiamu tshia kapia, tshiamu tshia kapia tshia 1,200-C tshia kapia tshidi tshikoka kapepe ka mu nzubu au -15 too ne ku -35 Pascals dîba dionso didiku kapia.
2. Mashika a pambelu a mabue a mashika: Shi tshiamu tshieba tshia kapia tshipatuka mu tshikuku tshia mabaya tshidi katshiyi tshikuba ku tshimanu tshia pambelu pa nzubu mu tshikondo tshia mashika, tshintu tshikole tshia luya lua mashika tshidi munda mua tshikuku atshi tshidi tshituta panshi (reverse stack effect) nansha kumpala kua ventilateur wa exhaust kuikala mutemeshibue.

Difuanyikija dia bintu bia mu nzubu ne njiwu yabi ya dijimija dia luya¶

Kapepe konso anyi tshiamu tshionso tshidi tshipuekesha kapepe kupitshila ku tshina tshidi tshiya pambelu pa nzubu webe tshidi tshiambuluisha bua kupuekesha kapepe mu nzubu. Padi bantu babidi anyi basatu benda musangu umue mu nzubu mukese (muinshi mua 3 anyi 5 ya dishintuluka dia kapepe ku dîba ku 50 Pascals, ACH50), badi bapita bipepele tshipiminu tshia -5 Pascal:

Bua tshinyi biamu bia kukanga nabi mayi bidi bienza "Oxygen-Starved CO Multiplication Loop" udi unyema.¶

Bena nzubu ba bungi batu bela meji ne: tshiamu tshia kuosha natshi mâyi tshia gaz tshidi anu tshiela luya lua mâyi a kapia ne dioxide de carbone mu nzubu bualu tshiamu tshia kuosha natshi mâyi tshidi tshipatula anu 10 to ne 40 parts pa million (ppm) ya monoxide de carbone mu tshina tshiatshi tshia kapia. Mu bulelela, tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi tshidi tshienda tshipingana munda mua nzubu wa mudimu tshidi tshilua lukasa tshintu tshidi tshipatuisha monoxide de carbone:

1. Dipingana dia luya mu tshibuelelu tshia kuinshi kua kapia ("Dinyanguka"):
2. Tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mayi tshia mu tshina tshidi tshikoka kapepe katshi ka kapia mu bipese bidi pabuipi ne tshitupa tshia kuinshi kua tshina, 10 centimètres (4 inches) pa mutu pa panshi.
3. Padi luya lubi lua mu nzubu luenzeja luya lua kapia (ludi anu ne 8 too ne ku 11 pa lukama lua oxygène pamutu pa 20,9 pa lukama lua oxygène mu lupepele luimpe) bua kupatuka mu tshibuelelu tshia kuulu mu nzubu wa mudimu, luya elu ludi kaluyi ne oxygène ludi luwuja nzubu ne **luela kabidi mu tshibuelelu tshia kuinshi kua luya lua kapia.
4. Dikola dia monoxide de carbone (kubangila ku 25 ppm too ne ku 4,000+ ppm mu minite mikese):
5. Dîba didi lubimbi lua kapia ka gaz naturel anyi ka propane lufila luya lua kapia ludi lupatuka ne oxygène muinshi mua 17 too ne ku 18 pa lukama, kapia kadi kanyanguka tshishiki.
6. Pamutu pa kuosha bule bua kuenza dioxide de carbone (\(CO_2\)), lubimbi ludi lujuka ku biibi bia kapia, ludi lulua jaune-orange, ne ludi lukudimuna carbone udi kayi muoshe mu monoxide de carbone mukezuke (\(CO\)) ​​ne aldehydes mikole.
7. Mu minite 5 too ne ku 15 ya dibutuka dia bintu ne dipingana dia bintu bidi bipatuka mu luya, bungi bua monoxide de carbone budi bupatuka mu tshibuelelu tshia luya budi buenda buvula kumbukila ku 25 ppm too ne ku 1500 too ne ku 5.000+ ppm, bidi bipita tshipiminu tshia Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDH = 200 ppm) tshidi mua kufikisha ne ppm dipanga lungenyi mu minite 30.
8. Dipatuka dia kapia ku nshindamenu wa tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mayi:
9. Shi tshiamu tshia kuulu tshia nzubu mujima anyi tshiamu tshia kupingana natshi tshia mu tshikuku tshidi tshipatuka tshikoka luya lukole (-15 to -30 Pascals) mu tshina tshia mâyi tshia tshiamu tshia kapia, lupepele ludi lupueka ludi lupueka mu tshina tshia mâyi tshia munkatshi mua tshina tshia mâyi ne lututa tshiamu tshinene tshia kapia, luela kapia ka 900-degree Celsius panshi mu tshiibi tshia plastique tshia kuinshi, lufika mu tshiibi tshianyi tshia plastique valve ne kapia ka mu bibombi bidi pabuipi.

Dikonkonona dia mubidi dia 60-Second: Mushindu kayi wa kumanya ni tshiamu tshiebe tshia kuowa natshi mayi tshidi tshienda tshipingana kunyima¶

Enda ku tshiamu tshiebe tshia mayi tshia gaz mpindieu ne utangile bimanyinu bitanu ebi bidi pa mutu ne kuinshi kua tshina:

.¶

Tangila milonda ibidi ya mayi (muaba udi mayi mashika abuela ne muaba udi mayi a kapia apatuka) idi ipatuka ku tshibuikidiji tshia tshiamu tshia kuulu tshia tshina tshiebe tshia mayi, tshidi mutantshi wa santimetre 10 too ne ku 15 (4 too ne ku 6 inches) ne tshibuikidiji tshia tshiamu tshia munkatshi (tshibuikidiji tshia luya). - Bantu badi benza bintu batu bateka tshilamba tshia plastike tshia bule (grommet) pabuipi ne tshiamu tshia mashika ne tshilamba tshia plastique tshikunze pabuipi ne tshiamu tshia mashika bua kukanga mabulu a tshiamu tshia mashika. - Bikala tshiibi tshia kapia tshipatuka bimpa: Kapepe ka mashika ka mu nzubu kadi anu kakoka munda muinshi mua muelelu wa kuinshi kua tshiibi tshia kapia (kapepe ka dilengeja) ne kakoka mulondo wa kapia, kulama tshibuikidiji tshia tshiamu tshia kuulu ne bipese bia plastique bikale bipepele padibu babilenga nansha padi tshiamu tshia kapia tshienza mutoyi. - Bikala tshiibi tshia kapia tshienda tshipingana panyima: 200-degree-Celsius (400-degree-Fahrenheit) kapepe kadi kapatuka pambelu muinshi mua tshilamba tshia tshiibi tshia kapepe ne kapatuka ku luseke lua ku mutu kua tshina. Nsongo ya bipese bia plastique bia bule ne bikunze bidi bitangile ku tshibuikidiji tshia munkatshi mua tshiamu tshia nzembu netshikale tshisunguluke, tshibuikila mulu, tshibuele, anyi tshitoke, ne tshilamba tshia foam tshidi tshipatuka tshidi muinshi muatshi netshikale tshimueneka tshifiike.

2. Njila ya lupuishi lua carbone mufiike anyi dinyanguka dia acide mutoke wa lupuishi pa tshibuikidiji tshia kuulu¶

Temesha muendu pa tshilamba tshia kuulu tshia tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi ne pambelu pa tshilamba tshia kuowa natshi mâyi. Mashinyi mafike adi manyunguluke ku nshindamenu wa tshibuikidiji, anyi tshitoka anyi filme wa vert mutoke (mukele wa aside wa karbonike ne wa nitrique udi ufuma ku luya lua gaz wa mashika) udi upatuka ku mutu kua tshina, udi ujadika dipatuka dia kapia ka tshiendelele.

3. Milonda ya mvinyo ne mayi adi apueka pambelu pa tshina tshia luya¶

Dijima dia gaz naturel didi dipatula pabuipi ne 3.8 litres (1 gallon) ya luya lua mayi pa 100,000 BTUs yonso ya gaz udibu bosha. Padi tshina tshia kapia tshiimana anyi tshipingana panyima pa lupepele lua mashika ludi lupueka panshi, luya alu ludi lubuela munda mua tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi kapepe ne lupueka panyima pa tshilamba tshia kapepe pa mutu pa tshina tshia mâyi, lushiya bipese bia mvinyo bia orange pa biamu bia tshiamu tshia mitaku.

4. Peinture muosha anyi tshiamu tshia plastique tshisunguluke ku tshilamba tshia kuinshi¶

Inama panshi (anu padi tshiamu tshia kapia tshijima ne nzubu muikale ne kapepe) ne utangile tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia pambelu tshidibu bapende tshidi tshibuikila nzubu wa tshiamu tshia kapia tshidi kuinshi kua tshina tshia mâyi, ne kabidi tshiibi tshia plastique tshidi ku luseke luatshi. Dipende dia nsongo, dia mputa didi dinyunguluke tshiibi tshia kuinshi anyi tshianza tshia tshiamu tshia plastique tshidi tshikosa tshidi tshileja ne: luya lukole ludi luenda lupueka ludi lupatuka mu nzubu wa kapia (dipatuka dia kapia).

5. "Spill Switch" wa kapia uvua munyanguke pa tshilamba tshia ku tshiibi¶

Mashinyi a bungi a kapia a mu lupepele ne a kapia ka mu tshitupa tshia kumpala adi ne tshiamu tshia Thermal Spill Switch (Blocked Flue Switch) tshiteka ku luseke lua tshibuelelu tshia kapia ne nshinga ibidi milamakaja. Shi luya lua kapia lupatuka mu tshibuelelu tshia kapia munkatshi mua masekonde mapite pa 60 to ne 120, ludi luenza bua tshintu tshidi tshipatuka luya tshipite pa 95 too ne ku 120 degre Celsius (200 to ne 250 degre Fahrenheit) ne tshikanga tshiamu tshia gaz. Kuena ne bua kupita anyi kupingaja tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshinyanguke to.

Mushindu kayi wa kuenza "Worst-Case Depressurization Smoke / Mirror Test" mu bukubi¶

Shi bipese biebe bia plastike kabiyi binyanguke ne udi musue kujadika ni kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshieba tshia mu tshikuku, tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba, ne biamu bia kuowa nabi mâyi bidi mua kuenza bua tshiamu tshiebe tshia kuowa natshi mâyi tshipingane panyima, enza BPI Worst-Case CAZ Depressurization Test mu minite 5:

1. Tshitupa 1 (Longolola nzubu bua tshipupu tshibi menemene):
2. Kanga madidishi onso a pambelu, biibi bia pambelu, ne bintu bia kukanga nabi kapia mu nzubu mujima, ne kanga biibi bionso bia munda mua nzubu wa bulalu.
3. Shi tshiamu tshieba tshia kuowa natshi mayi tshidi mu nzubu wa kusukula bilamba anyi mu tshilaminu tshia bintu tshidi ne tshiibi tshikanga, kanga tshiibi atshi paudi muimane munda ne toshete.
4. Tshitupa 2 (Kutemesha tshiamu tshionso tshia dipatula dia kapepe):
5. Temesha mashinyi onso a mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi, tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba, ne tshilamba tshia mu tshikuku pa HIGH.
6. Kudimuna tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi tshifila kapia ka mashika pa ON (bua kuteta ni dipingana dia mu njila didi mua kukepesha bukole mu nzubu wa mudimu).
7. (Dimanyisha: Kuena ne bua kutemesha tshiamu tshia 4,000+ CFM tshia mu nzubu mujima ne madidishi makanga to, bualu netshipingaje tshipepele tshionso tshia muulu diakamue.)
8. Tshitupa 3 (Ela kapia ka tshiamu tshia kuosha natshi mayi ne teta tshiamu tshia kuosha natshi mu tusunsa 60):
9. Kangula pompi wa mayi a kapia ku tshina tshia mu tshikuku bua tshiamu tshia kapia tshia mayi a gaz tshitema.
10. Kuata mutshi wa musenga wa manananshi mutemesha, tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia mabaya tshidi tshipatuka mu luya, anyi lumuenu lua mu tshibombi lua mashika pabuipi ne 2,5 centimètres (1 inch) kule ne tshitupa tshia kuinshi tshia tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia tshiamu pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi.
11. Tshitupa 4 (Bala tshipeta):
12. PASS (Positive Upward Draft): Mu 60 secondes ya ditemesha dia kapia, muishi udi ukokibua lukasa munda ne muulu muinshi mua mushiku wa tshiamu tshia nzembu mu tshina tshia kapia, ne dikalashi dia mu tshibombi didi dilama pabuipi ne tshitupa didi dishala 100 pa lukama ditoke ne diume.
13. FAIL (Active Backdrafting / Spillage): Panyima pa tusunsa 60, muishi udi upatuka pambelu mu nzubu, udi umvua luya lua kapia ne luya luenda lupueka ku tshianza tshiebe, ne lumuenu lua mu tshibombi lua mashika lukuate pabuipi ne tshilamba tshia muishi ludi lujika diakamue ne lupuishi lua mâyi a bungi.
14. Tshijadiki tshia dijadika: Lekela tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mayi tshienza mudimu ne lomba muena mu dîku diebe abulule dididishi dia pabuipi 15 centimètres (6 inches) ne ujime tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi tshia mu tshikuku. Shi muishi mupingane mu tshimpitshimpi ne mubuela lubilu muulu mu tshiibi tshia kapia mu masekonde 10 kunyima kua wewe mumane kunzulula dididishi, udi muleje ne: bukole bua mu nzubu budi bufumina ku biamu biebe bia luya ke budi buenza bua kapepe kapatuke panyima.

Dilongolola dia kashidi dia malu a enzenjiere: Diumusha dia dipingaja dia malu adi kaayi makane¶

Paudi ujadika ne: biamu bia kupatula nabi luya bia mu nzubu muebe, tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi bilamba, tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba, anyi tshiamu tshia kutemesha natshi mâyi tshia mu nzubu mujima bidi mua kupingaja tshiamu tshiebe tshia kukanga natshi mâyi anyi tshioshelu tshia kapia, enza mudimu ne umue wa ku mishindu inayi eyi ya kashidi:

1. Teka tshiamu tshia "Makeup Air Damper" tshidi tshienza mudimu nkayatshi bua 400+ CFM Kitchen Range Hoods¶

Mu International Residential Code (IRC Section M1503.6) mu États-Unis ne mu Canada ne ku Mputu, tshiamu tshionso tshia mu tshikuku tshidi tshipita 400 CFM tshidi ne tshia kuikala ne tshiamu tshia kuenza natshi luya tshidi tshifila kapepe ka pambelu pa tshipiminu tshia muomumue. - Mudiwu wenza mudimu: Mumanyi wa malu a HVAC udi uteka tshiamu tshia 150-to-250-millimeter (6-to-10-inch) tshidi tshilama kapepe ka pambelu tshidi ne tshiamu tshia motere, tshidi tshikanga tshiamu tshidi tshienza mudimu nkayatshi (bu mudi Broan, Fantech, anyi Honey Air Makeup Damperup). - Tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshilamakaja ku tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshifila nzembu mu tshikuku tshieba. Mu milliseconde uudi utemesha tshiamu tshieba tshia 600-to-1,200 CFM, motere wa damper udi unzuluka bua kulekela kapepe ka pambelu kabuela mu nzubu, ne udi ulama bukole bua mu nzubu pabuipi ne 0.0 Pascals bua tshiamu tshieba tshia kukanga natshi mayi ne tshikuku tshia kapia kabiyi bipingana panyima to.

2. Teka tshiamu tshieba tshia kuowa natshi mayi mu lupepele ku "Power-Vented" anyi "Sealed-Combustion"¶

Mushindu mutambe buimpe wa kuenza bua tshiamu tshieba tshia mayi a kapia katshiyi tshinyanguka kudi dipuekesha dia luya lua mu nzubu nkumbusha tshibuelelu tshia luya lukole: - Power-Vented Gas Water Heater: Udi wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi ne tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi pa mutu pa tshina tshia mâyi bua kupatula kapepe ka nzembu muinshi mua bukole buimpe kupitshila ku tshiamu tshia PVC tshikole tshikanga pambelu pa tshimanu tshia nzubu webe, tshipita -25 too ne ku -50 Pascals ya dipuekesha dia kapepe ka nzubu. - Direct-Vent (Sealed-Combustion) Tank anyi Tankless Gas Water Heater (Best): Udi ukoka 100 pa lukama wa oxygène wende wa kapia buludiludi pambelu kupitshila ku tshintu tshimue tshia PVC tshikanga ne utuma 100 pa lukama wa exhaust wende pambelu kupitshila ku tshintu tshibidi tshikanga tshia PVC. Bu mudi lubimbi lua kapia lukanga bimpe menemene ku kapepe ka mu nzubu, kabiena mua kuenzeka bua tshiamu etshi kupingana mu nzubu to. - Pompe wa kapia (Hybrid Electric) Water Heater: Kawena wenza mudimu ne gaz to, kapia ka kapia, ne kapia ka mu tshina tshia kapia, udi ujikija njiwu ya monoxide de carbone.

3. Ela tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi madidishi anyi tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi pa madidishi a mu nzubu mujima¶

Lomba muena mudimu wa nzembu bua kuteka Differential Pressure Cutout Switch (udi mua kujika pikala pression wa mu nzubu mupueka muinshi mua -5 too ne ku -8 Pascals) anyi wireless magnetic reed switches pa madidishi abidi a kumpala mu mulongo ne tshiamu tshia ventilateur, bienza bua se: ventilateur wa mu nzubu mujima kawuyi mua kuenza mudimu to, anu padi madidishi au kaayi mabulule 15 santimetre (16 inches).

4. Pingaja biibi bia tshilaminu tshia bintu bia mudimu ne biibi bidi ne tshiamu tshia nzembu ne ukanga milonda ya dipingana dia tshioshelu¶

Kuena ne bua kukuata tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mayi ne tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba kunyima kua tshiibi tshia mabaya to. Pingaja tshiibi tshikole ne tshiibi tshiuwule tente (anyi teka bimanu bia luya lua kapia kakole ne kakese), ne ukanga tshitupa tshionso tshia mu tshikuku tshiebe tshia tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia kupingana natshi kapepe munda mua nzubu wa mudimu ku diambuluisha dia tshilamba tshia UL-181 bua tshiamu tshia luya tshia mu tshikuku katshiyi mua kukoka kapepe ka mu nzubu wa kapia.

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

• États-Unis ne Canada:
• Dituma dia malu a tshimpitshimpi (Alarme anyi Bimanyinu bia CO bidi bienza mudimu): Bikila 911 pambelu pa nzubu.
• Diteta dia bukubi bua kapia: Tangila Building Performance Institute (BPI) Certified Building Analyst anyi NATE-Certified HVAC Technician (mu Canada, TSSA / CSA B149.1 gas technician) bua CAZ Worst-Case Depressization Diteta. Tshitupa tshia IRC M1503.6 tshidi tshilomba bua kuikala ne tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshipita 400 CFM.
• Bukalenge bua ditunga:
• Dituma dia malu a tshimpitshimpi: Bikila 999 bua malu a tshimpitshimpi a luondapu, anyi bikila 24/7 tshianana Tshibambalu tshia malu a tshimpitshimpi tshia gaz ku 0800 111 999.
• Dimanya ne mikenji: Anu Mukanda wa bukubi bua gaz (gassaferegister.co.uk) muena mudimu udi mua kukontonona anyi kuteta biamu bia gaz muinshi mua Mukanda muanyishibue kudi mikenji ya nzubu J.
• Buobumue bua matunga a ku Mputu:
• Dituma dia lukasa: Bikila 112.
• German Exhaust Hood Conlock Law (FeuVO): Mu Allemagne ne mu Autriche, kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia exhaust range hood (Dunstabzugshaube) mu nzubu udi ne tshikuku tshia kapia anyi tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi tshia gaz (Gastherme) bidi bikengela kuikala ne **DIBt-certified Windoww Contact (*) 4-Pascal Pressure Cutoff (Druckwächter) approved by district master chimney sweep (Bezirksschornsteinfeger).
• Australie ne Nouvelle-Zélande:
• Dituma dia lukasa: Bikila 000 mu Australie anyi 111 mu Nouvelle-Zélande. Energy Safe Victoria (ESV) ne AS/NZS 5601.1 bidi bilomba bua kuenza mateta a dibutuka dia luya lukole dîba dionso didi biamu bia luya bidi bienza mudimu pabuipi ne biamu bia kapia bidi ne luya luunzulula.
• India ne Asia-Pacifique:
• Dituma dia lukasa: Bikila 112 mu Inde; 119 mu Japon ne mu Corée du Sud; 995 mu Singapour. Kuena mua kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia LPG instant bathroom geyser tshidi katshiyi ne luya anyi tshidi ne luya luipi munda mua nzubu wa kuowa mâyi mukanga ne tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi luya tshidi tshienza mudimu to; teka biamu bia LPG pambelu pa tshibandilu tshidi ne kapepe.

Kulonga diambuluisha dia kumpala ne dia CPR kudi Croix-Rouge, St John Ambulance, anyi kudi mufidi wa diambuluisha udi muanyishibue kudi kukujadikila ne: udi mua kumanya disama dia monoxide de carbone ne kukuambuluisha bua kusungila muoyo paudi muindile baminganga.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bua tshinyi bipese bianyi bia plastike bia bule ne bikunze bivua pa mutu pa tshiamu tshianyi tshia kuowa natshi mâyi tshia gaz bivua binyanguke anyi bikuate?¶

Bipese bia plastique bia mekala bidi binyunguluke milonda ya mayi a kapia ne mashika bidi pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia kapia tshia gaz bidi anu binyanguka anyi binyanguka padi kapia ka 200-degree-Celsius (400-degree-Fahrenheit) kapatuka kunyima mu tshibuelelu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku pamutu pa kubanda mu milonda ya tshiibi tshia kapia. Bipese bia plastique bisunguluke bidi tshijadiki tshia se: tshiamu tshiebe tshia kuowa natshi mâyi tshidi tshipingaja luya lua kapia ka carbone mu nzubu muebe, pa tshibidilu padi ventilateur wa CFM wa bungi, tshiamu tshia kuyumija natshi bilamba anyi tshiamu tshia kuela natshi luya mu tshikuku tshipuekesha luya mu nzubu.

Bungi bua CFM budi ne tshia kuikala ne tshikuku tshia mu tshikuku kumpala kua kulomba tshiamu tshia kujika natshi kapepe?¶

Muinshi mua meyi a nzubu ya pa buloba bujima (IRC Section M1503.6) adibu benza nawu mudimu mu matunga a bungi a mu États-Unis, tshintu tshionso tshidi tshipatuka mu tshikuku tshidi ne bukole bua kupita 400 cubic feet ku minite (CFM) tshidi ne bua kuikala ne tshiamu tshia automatique tshia dikuba dia kapepe dîba dionso didi nzubu muikale ne tshiamu tshimue tshidi tshienza mudimu ne mafuta a bufuki bu mudi: tshiamu tshia kuosha natshi kapia, 800 anyi tshikuku tshia nkunyi.

Ndiku mua kuenza mudimu bimpe ne ventilateur wa kuulu kua nzubu mujima bikala tshiamu tshianyi tshia kuosha natshi mâyi tshia gaz ne tshioshelu tshianyi tshidi mu nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba ne tshiibi tshia muinshi mua buloba tshikanga anyi?¶

Tòo, kukanga anu tshiibi tshia nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba kakuena kukuba tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi anyi tshioshelu tshia mu nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba ku tshiamu tshia kuulu tshia nzubu mujima to, wewe mutemeshe tshiamu tshia kuulu ne madidishi a nzubu makanga. Tshiamu tshia 4,000-to-6,000 CFM tshia mu nzubu mujima tshidi tshikoka kapepe mu bitupa bidi muinshi mua tshiibi tshia muinshi mua buloba ne tshiya buludiludi mu tshina tshia luya tshia munkatshi, tshipuekesha luya lua muinshi mua buloba ne 10 too ne ku 30 Pascals mu tusekonde tukese ne tshikoka kapepe ka pambelu panyima mu tshiibi tshia muinshi mua buloba. Misangu yonso, kangula madidishi 4 anyi 6 a mu nzubu munene kumpala kua kutemesha ventilateur wa mu nzubu mujima.

Bua tshinyi alarme wanyi wa monoxide de carbone kavua wela mbila pavua tshiamu tshianyi tshia kuenza natshi mayi tshienda tshipingana panyima?¶

Ma alarme a mu nzubu adi aleja UL 2034 anyi EN 50291 adi malongolola bua kuindila kumpala kua kuela mutoyi mu tshipiminu tshia pa tshibidilu: kaena muanji kuela mutoyi muinshi mua 30 ppm munkatshi mua matuku 30 to, ne pa 70 ppm adi aindila minite 60 too ne ku 240 kumpala kua kuela mutoyi. Bu mudi tshiamu tshia kuosha natshi mayi a kapia tshitamba kuenza mudimu anu minite 20 anyi 40 panyima pa wewe mumane kuowa mâyi, tshidi mua kuela 50 anyi 100 ppm ya monoxide de carbone mu nzubu muebe ne kujima kumpala kua tshiamu tshia alarme tshia pa tshibidilu kujikatshi kubala. Teka tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshileja bungi bua 5 ppm.

Mmunyi mudi tshioshelu tshia kapepe tshidi tshipingaja luya mu nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba tshienza bua tshiamu tshia kapia tshidi ku luseke luatshi tshipingane panyima?¶

Shi tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshidi tshipingaja kapepe tshidi ku luseke lua tshioshelu tshieba tshia munkatshi tshidi ne milonda idi kayiyi mikanga anyi tshibuikidiji tshia tshibuelelu tshia tshioshelu tshidi katshiyi tshikumbane munda mua nzubu wa mudimu mukanga anyi mu nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba, tshiamu tshia tshioshelu tshidi tshikoka kapepe ka 200 too ne ku 400 CFM mu nzubu au ne tshitshikoka kuulu. Bua kupingaja kapepe kavuabu bibe mu nzubu wa mudimu, nzubu udi ukoka kapepe ka pambelu mu tshina tshia kapia ka tshiamu tshia kapia tshia gaz tshidi pabuipi apu, ukoka kapepe ka carbone ka tshiamu tshia kapia ka mâyi buludiludi mu tshina tshia kapia tshidi tshipatuka.

Meme mupingaje tshiamu tshianyi tshia kuenza natshi mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kuenza natshi mudimu tshia direct-vent anyi heat pump, tshiamu tshianyi tshia kuenza natshi mudimu tshidi mua kufikisha ku disama dia CO anyi?¶

Kulengeja bintu bionso bia mu lupepele bidi ne luya luunzulula ku biamu bia kapia bidi bikanga (bidi bienza mudimu ne milonda ibidi ya PVC mikanga idi milamakaja buludiludi pambelu) anyi biamu bia pompe wa kapia bia ku nzembu bidi bijikija njiwu ya dijimija dia bukole bua nzubu didi dikoka tshiamu tshia kapia anyi kapia ka mu tshikuku munda mua nzubu. Ino, shi udi anu ne tshikuku tshia kapia tshia nkunyi anyi tshia gaz mu nzubu muebe wa tshilala benyi, kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia 600+ CFM ne madidishi makanga kudi anu mua kukoka muishi ne monoxide de carbone mu tshikuku tshia kapia.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Tshintu tshidi tshishintulula kapia ka mu tshikuku tshipanduluke ne tshidi tshipingaja luya kunyima
• Disama dia monoxide de carbone ne dipatuka dia gaz
• Monoxide de carbone wa mu garage: tshiamu tshia kapia tshidi katshiyi ne tshifungu tshidi tshishala tshienda ne tshiamu tshia garage tshidi tshilamakaja
• Dibutuka dia tshifulu tshia kapia ne dikanga dia kapia ka monoxide de carbone kudi tshikuku tshia nyunyi anyi tshilamba tshidi tshikuluka
• Mukanda wa nomba ya tshimpitshimpi

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Building Performance Institute (BPI - United States): ANSI/BPI-1200 Standard Practice for Basic Analysis of Buildings: Combustion Appliance Zone (CAZ) Worst-Case Depressurization Testing and -5.0 Pascal Thresholds.
• International Code Council (ICC) & NFPA: International Residential Code (IRC Section M1503.6 Makeup Air for Exhaust Hoods Over 400 CFM) and NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Code.
• TUETU. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) & Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL): Depressurization-Induced Backdrafting in Residential Natural-Draft Gas Water Heaters.
• Mulombodi wa malu a bukola bua mubidi ne bukubi (HSE - Royaume-Uni) ne mukanda wa malu a bukubi bua gaz: Mukanda wa mikenji ya nzubu mianyishibue J (Diumvuangana dia biamu bia gaz bidi ne luya luunzulula ne biamu bia luya lukole).
• Energy Safe Victoria (ESV - Australia) & Standards Australia: AS/NZS 5601.1 Gas Installations: Negative Pressure Testing and Open-Flued Heater Spillage Prevention.