Angle Grinder Disc Shatter, Table Saw Kickback, ne Lathe Entanglement¶

Mashinyi a mudimu adi enda lubilu lukole adi apatula bukole bua bungi budi mua kuenza njiwu mikole, dikosa dia minu, ne mputa ya dinyanguka mu tusunsa tukese. Tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia 115-millimetre (4.5-inch) tshidi tshinyunguluka tshiamu tshiatshi tshia kukosolola natshi ku 10,000 too ne ku 13,300 revolutions per minute (RPM), tshituma muelelu wa pambelu wa diske wenda lubilu lua **80 metres ku sekonde (180 miles ku dîba), ** anyi tshitupa tshia lubilu lua mukana bingoma bia lubilu lukese. Padi tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshilamakaja ne tshiamu tshia mitaku, tshikuluka panshi pa beton, anyi tshiteka pa tshiamu tshia kukosolola natshi tshidi tshienda tshipita RPM watshi mutambe bunene, bukole bua centrifuge budi butapa nkata mu bitupa bia balistique bidi mua kubuela mu mpala, mu nshingu, mu tshiadi anyi mu mushipa wa tshiadi.

Mashinyi a mudimu a mabaya ne a tshiamu adi kabidi ne njiwu: tshiamu tshia ku mesa tshia 254-millimetre (10-inch) tshidi tshienza mudimu ne motere wa 2,2-kilowatt (3-horsepower) tshidi mua kukuata muelelu wa panyima wa tshilamba tshidibu basuike ne kutshiela panyima pa difu anyi ku mpala wa muena mudimu ne lubilu lua metre 90 mu sekonde (110 too ne ku 200 miles ku dîba)** paudi ukoka minu ya muena mudimu buludiludi pa meno adi abanda a tshingoma. Mu nzubu ya mashinyi, tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi tshiamu tshia mudimu tshikole tshidi tshinyunguluka ne bukole budi kabuyi bujika budi kabuyi mua kuimanyika kudi bukole bua muntu; shi tshilamba tshia ku tshianza, tshianza tshile, anyi mukila wa mpunda tshikuate ku tshintu tshidi tshinyunguluka anyi ku tshiamu tshia plomb, diboko dia muena mudimu ne tshitupa tshia kuulu tshia mubidi bidi bikoka ku tshintu tshidi tshinyunguluka mu tshitupa tshia sekonde. Kumanya mua kukuma tshitekelu tshia njiwu kuyi muditue mu tshilumbu, kulama tshitupa tshia diske tshidi tshibuela munda menemene kuyi utshikoka, kulama minu mikosa bimpe kuyi uyiteka pa neje, ne kupingana bimpe tshiamu tshia tour tshidi tshikanga kudi kusungila mioyo ne bitupa bia mubidi mu nzubu wa mudimu.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Kukuma butone bua Emergency Stop (E-Stop) bua mushroom mutoke, ujimije tshiamu tshia ku tshimanu, anyi umbusha tshiamu tshia nzembu diakamue. Kuena ne bua kufika ku tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka, ku tshiamu tshia tour, anyi ku tshiamu tshia kutshibula natshi bua kujima tshiamu tshia nzembu to, ne kuangatshi muena mudimu nebe udibu bakoka mu tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshinyunguluka anyi mu tshiamu tshia nzembu too ne padi tshiamu tshia nzembu tshilua ku dijika dia tshiamu tshijima.
2. Ela tshienzedi tshikole tshia bukole pa mashi adi apatuka mu mishipa anyi ela tshiamu tshia windlass tshia mushinga tshia santimetre 5 too ne ku 7 (2 too ne ku 3 inches) pa mutu pa ditapa dia tshitupa tshia mubidi tshidi tshikebesha njiwu. Bikala tshiamu tshia kukosolola natshi anyi tshiamu tshia kuenza natshi mudimu tshikosa mu mushipa wa radial ku tshianza, ku tshianza, ku mushipa wa tshiadi anyi mu mushipa wa tshiadi tshiadi, ufina panshi bikole ne tshiamu tshia gaze tshikezuke ne ukoleshe tourniquet too ne padi mashi adi apatuka mu tshitoke tshijika; mona dipatuka dia mashi dikole.
3. KUPATUDI nansha kakese bitupa bia tshiamu tshia kupela natshi anyi tshitupa tshia mutshi tshidi tshibuikila mu dîsu, mu nshingu, mu mpala anyi mu tshiadi. Bitupa bia disque abrasive ne mafuma a mabaya adibu bashipe adi enza mudimu bu biamu bia kukanga nabi mashi bidi binyanguke; kubapatula mu nzubu wa mudimu kudi kuenza bua mashi apatuke munda adi kaayi mua kuimanyika. Lama tshintu tshidi tshipatuka pa muaba watshi ne bilamba binene anyi bipese bia tshiamu tshia mitaku bitshinyunguluke; mona dikuma ne dijadika dia bintu bia ku babende.
4. Bikila nimero ya njiwu ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) diakamue. Lomba baminganga bapiluke ba diambuluisha dia muoyo ne manyisha muntu udi utuma bantu pikala muena mudimu mukuatshike mu tshiamu tshia tour, tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu anyi tshiamu tshia kuenza natshi mabaya tshia mu midimu, nunku bena mudimu ba mu nzubu wa kapia balue ne biamu bia mudimu bia bungi biamu bia kutangalaja nabi ne bia kukosa nabi biamu; tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi.
5. Lama minu yonso mikosa anyi bitupa bia tshianza tshinene ku diambuluisha dia tshilamba tshitoke ne tshibombi tshikanga pa mutu pa mayi a mashika. Lama tshianza tshikosa mu tshilamba tshikezuke tshidibu balengeje ne mâyi a mukele anyi mâyi a mu pompi, tshikanga mu tshibombi tshia plastique tshidi katshiyi tshibuela mâyi, ne uteke tshibombi atshi munda mua tshintu tshibidi tshiuwule tente ne mâyi a mashika ne mashika; kuena mua kuela tshitupa tshia mubidi mu mayi anyi kutshiteka buludiludi pa neje anyi pa neje miume to.
6. Lekela tshiamu tshia nzembu anyi tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshibuikila mu tshitupa tshia neutre anyi enza mudimu ne frein wa tshiamu anu panyima pa wewe mumane kukonkonona mudi tshitupa atshi tshibuikila. Kuena ne bua kuendesha motere mu njila wa panyima muinshi mua bukole bua nzembu bua kupatula diboko anyi bilamba binyanguke ku tshiamu tshia nzembu to; windile bua kusungila kapia anyi unyungulule tshiamu tshia mashinyi bitekete bitekete ku bianza wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi anyi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi anu pikala kuenza nunku mua kujikija disama dia nshingu anyi dia tshiadi didi mua kunyanga muoyo.

flowchart TD
    Start["Mashinyi a mudimu anyi biamu bia mudimu bia nzembu"] --> MachineType{"Njiwu ya mashinyi ya mushindu kayi ivua mienzeke?"}
    MachineType -->|"Angle Grinder Disc Shatter anyi Wire Wheel Injury"| Grinder["1. Umbusha tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi bintu anyi uleke tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku<br/>2. KUPATUDI bitupa bia diske bidi mu nshingu, mu dîsu anyi mu mubidi<br/>3. Ela tshiamu tshia tourniquet anyi tshienzedi tshia buludiludi pabuipi ne bitupa bia makasa bidi binyanguke<br/>4. Buikila dîsu didi ditapike ne ngabu mukole kuyi ufina tshitupa tshia dîsu"]
    MachineType -->|"Dikosa dia tshiamu tshia ku mesa anyi dikosa dia tshiamu tshia mitaku"| Saw["1. Fina tshiamu tshia ku tshiadi anyi umbusha tshiamu tshia mudimu<br/>2. Lama mashi adi afumina ku munu anyi ku tshianza ne tshiamu tshia gaze tshikole<br/>3. Tangila tshifu/tshifu bua kumona ni udi ne disama dia tshimpitshimpi anyi mutshi wa tshikokedi<br/>4. Fungila minu mikosa mu tshilamba tshitoke munda mua tshibombi tshia plastique tshikanga pa mayi a mashika"]
    MachineType -->|"Lathe, Drill Press, anyi Milling Machine Entanglement"| Lathe["1. Fina tshiamu tshia ku makasa / E-Stop ne wela tshintu tshinene (Lockout/Tagout)<br/>2. KUENA mua kuendesha motere ne nzembu mu tshitupa tshia panyima padi muntu udibu bashipe mubuikila<br/>3. Kosa bilamba bikole pikala nshingu mushipa<br/>4. Kuambuluisha tshianza tshikoseka ne kuindila dipatuka dia mudimu mukole"]
    Grinder --> CallEMS["Bikila bena mudimu ba tshimpitshimpi (911 / 112 / 999) ne kutangila ni udi ne tshipupu"]
    Saw --> CallEMS
    Lathe --> CallEMS

Angle grinder disc shatter ne runaway recoil trauma¶

Fizike wa dibutuka dia nkata ya abrasive¶

Biamu bia kukosela nabi bintu bidi ne njiwu ya bungi mu midimu ya bianza, ya luibaku ne ya kumbelu. Bishilangane na tshiamu tshia mitaku tshienza anu bua kukosa mitshi, tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi mitshi tshidi tshienza mudimu ne tshintu tshikese tshia aluminium oxide, silicon carbide, anyi zirconia alumina abrasive grains mikuate pamue kudi thermosetting organic phenolic resin matrix reinforced with woven fibreglass mesh.

Bilema bia bungi bia mu nzubu wa mudimu bidi bienza bua tshiamu etshi tshia résine ne tshia fibre de verre tshinyanguke bikole ne lubilu luonso:

• Kupita lubilu lua mudimu lua pa mutu (dipanga dia RPM): Disque wa 180-millimetre (7-inch) anyi 230-millimetre (9-inch) udi ne lubilu lua bungi lua 6,500 too ne ku 8,500 RPM bualu diamètre wende munene udi upatula lubilu lua centrimetre lua bungi. Padi muena mudimu umbusha tshintu tshia bukubi ku tshiamu tshia 115-millimetre (4.5-inch) tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka ku 12,000 too ne ku 13,300 RPM bua kuela diske dinene didi dinyanguke, bukole bua centrifuge budi buenda buvula ne lubilu lua dinyunguluka, ne budi bupita diakamue bukole bua tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu ne tshituta nkata pambelu.
• Kukosa ku luseke pa tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi tshia Type 1 / Type 41 anyi Type 27: Ma disque a kukosa nawu (pa tshibidilu 1.0 too ne ku 1.6 millimètres anyi 0.040 too ne ku 0.062 inches) mmalongolola anu bua kukosa ku muelelu wa radial. Kuenza mudimu ne bukole bua ku luseke bua kutshibula dibue dia tshiamu tshia mitaku kudi kukosa bitupa bia fibre de verre, kunyanga malanda a résine, ne kutshibula diske.
• Dikuma ne dilamakaja dia tshintu tshia mudimu: Padibu bakosa mu tshiamu tshia mitaku, mu tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi luya, anyi mu tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikole tshidi tshikoleshibua, tshiamu tshia mitaku tshitu misangu ya bungi tshikanga munda padi dikosa dienda dijika. Shi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi tshikuma diske didi dinyunguluka, bukole bua tshienzelu tshia tshiamu budi mua kutshibula nkata anyi kuela tshiamu tshia kupela natshi bintu kunyima mu bianza bia muena mudimu mu mushindu wa tshikisu kickback arc buludiludi mu tshiadi tshia muena mudimu, mu tshiadi, mu diboko anyi ku mpala.
• Dikuma dia kapia, dinyanguka dia luya, ne dinyanguka dia dikuluka: Mashinyi a résine a phenolic adi ne dituku dia kujika (pa tshibidilu bidimu 3 kubangila ku dienza difunda pa tshiamu tshia blotter ring) bualu luya lua mu lupepele ludi lutekesha malanda a résine organique. Kabidi, pikala tshiamu tshia angle grinder tshiteka panshi ne tshituta ku muelelu watshi, bipese bia nsuki bidi bipatuka mu nkata ne bidi bipatuka dîba didi tshiamu etshi tshifika ku RPM mujima.

Diambuluisha dia kumpala dia tshitupa ku tshitupa bua dinyanguka dia diske dia angle grinder ne dinyanguka¶

1. Bitupa bia disque abrasive bibueja mu mpala, mu nshingu anyi mu mubidi¶

Padi nkata ya tshiamu tshia mitaku itshibuka ne lubilu lua metre 80 ku sekonde (kilometre 180 ku dîba), bitupa bia tshiamu tshia nzembu ne tshia fibre de verre bidi bienza bu tshijengu bitu bitamba kupitshila mu makalashi makese a bukubi anyi mu bipese bia polycarbonate ne bibuela munda menemene mu ditama, mu nshingu, mu nshingu ne mu mushipa wa mu tshiadi anyi mu tshiadi anyi mu tshiadi tshimanu:

1. Lekela tshitupa tshidi tshibuikila bimpe pa muaba watshi: Kuena ne bua kuenza mudimu ne pinse, pense anyi minu bua kukoka tshitupa tshia tshiamu tshia kupela natshi tshidi tshinyanguke mu mputa mukole to. Nsongo ya fibre de verre ne ya aluminium oxide idi ikuata ku bimanu bia mijilu ya mashi, ne tshitupa atshi tshidi misangu ya bungi tshikuata (tshibuikila) mushipa anyi mushipa udi munyanguke.
2. Kukanda mashi adi apatuka ku nshindamenu wa tshitupa: Enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia gaze tshilengeja anyi tshilamba tshilengeja bua kuela tshianza tshikole ne tshishindame pa dikoba didi dinyunguluke tshitupa atshi kuyi utua panshi pa tshitupa tshia nkata tshidi tshipatuka.
3. Enza tshilamba tshia kujingila natshi anyi tshilamba tshia mabaya: Teka bipese bia gaze anyi tshilamba tshikole tshidi tshibuikila ku nseke yonso ibidi ya tshitupa tshia diske tshidi tshipatuka too ne padi tshilamba tshienda tshibandila kakese kupita muelelu wa tshitupa tshidi tshipatuke, pashishe ulamakaja tshilamba atshi bitekete bitekete ne tshilamba tshia luondapu anyi tshilamba tshia roller tshipepele bua tshilamba katshiyi tshiendakana ku luseke lua tshitupa tshidi tshipatuka; mona dikuma ne dijadika dia bintu bia ku babende.
4. Lama muntu udi ne mputa mu nshingu mupuwe ne musombe mululame kakese (bikalaye kayi ne disama dia hypotension): Bikala tshitupa tshia diske tshibuela mu nshingu wa kumpala ne muntu udi mutapike udi ne lungenyi ne udi upuyakana, kulama mutu wende ne mubidi wende bibandishibue ku 30 too ne ku 45 degrés kudi kukepesha luya lua mu mijilu ya mu nshingu paudi utangila njila wende wa luya udi wenda ukola, udi utua mikemu anyi udi utua mikemu mashi adi apueka.

2. Bilonda bia ku makasa bia munda mua tshianza tshifumina ku dikuma dia grinder¶

Shi tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi tshinyunguluka tshipatuka ku tshiamu tshia mitaku ne tshipita pa diboko dia muena mudimu, tshianza anyi tshianza tshia kumpala, tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi katshiena tshishiya tshitupa tshikezuke tshidi tshifuanangane ne tshia muele to; udi utapa tshitupa tshia 2-to-4-millimetre mu butshiama tshia dikoba, tshia mishipa, tshia mifuba, ne tshia mishipa eku utshibula amue mishipa mikese ne utshibula minene, wela mabue a nsongo ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikole munda menemene mua tshitupa tshia mubidi:

1. Leja mputa diakamue: Kosa bilamba bia mudimu, bilamba bia ku mutu, anyi bilamba bia ku tshiseba ne tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi bua kumona muaba menemene udi mashi apatuka.
2. Ela tshilamba tshia ku tshianza tshikole ne tshikole bua dipatukila dia mashi mu mishipa: Bikala mashi makunze apatuka mu tshikondo ne dikuma dia mutshima ku tshianza tshia munda (mushipa wa radial anyi ulnar), ku tshianza tshia munda tshia kuulu (mushipa wa tshiadi), anyi ku tshiadi tshia kuulu (mushipa wa tshiadi), enza tourniquet wa CoTCCC-commended wind (anyi CAT SOFTT-W) 5 to 7 centimètres (2 to 3 inches) pa mutu pa mputa (anyi muulu ne mushindame mu tshiadi anyi mu tshiadi bikala muaba menemene udi mushipa kauyi mumanyike bimpe), kunyungulula mutshi wa windlass too ne padi mashi onso apatuka ku bule ajika ne tshipupu tshia ku bule tshijimina, ukanga mutshi mu tshibombi, ne ufunde dîba dilelela dia dienza dia tourpnique; mona dipatuka dia mashi dikole.
3. Umbusha mputa mikole ne tshiamu tshia hemostatic anyi tshia patupu: Bikala tshiamu tshia kupela natshi tshiakapingana mu tshitupa tshia mu nshingu, tshia mu nshingu (tshia tshiadi), anyi ku nshingu muaba udi tourniquet wa tshijengu kayi mua kukuata, funda muaba wa mputa bimpe menemene ne tshiamu tshia Z-fold (kaolin/hemostatic hemostatic gaze, pikalaku gauze) muela buludiludi pa mushipa udi upatuka mashi ne minu yebe idi ne bianza, pashishe ikala ne minite mitue ku 3 anyi 5 ya dikuma dia bianza bibidi didi kadiyi dijika buludiludi pa tshilonda tshidi tshiuwule tente.
4. Kusukudi anyi kuela mâyi mu mputa ya tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi mishipa mu tshisalu: Kuelayi peroxyde wa hydrogène, maluvu a kusukula nawu, solvant anyi mayi a mu pompi mu mputa wa tshiamu tshia kukosela natshi mashi tshidi tshipatuka mashi a bungi bua kusukula mabue a nsongo mafiike; kuenza nunku kudi kubutula bitupa bia mashi bidi kabiyi ne bukole ne kutuadija kabidi dipatukila dia mashi didi mua kunyanga muoyo. Dipanda dia mashi mu nzubu wa dipanda nedimbushe tshitupa tshidi munda padibu bafika ku dilombola dia mashi.

3. Disama dia mêsu didi dibuela munda ne miosa ya tshiamu tshia mitaku¶

Biamu bia nshinga bidi ne nkata mikosa bidi bipatula miosa ya tshiamu tshikole ne lubilu lua bungi ludi mua kutapa tshitupa tshia mêsu anyi tshia sclera:

1. Kukoki dîsu nansha kakese anyi kupatula tshiamu tshia nshinga: Kukoka tshiamu tshia nshinga anyi tshitupa tshidi tshitobe dîsu kudi mua kupatula mâyi adi munda mua dîsu ne kunyangakaja buloba.
2. Kukuba dîsu didi ditapike ne tshibumba tshikole: Lama tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshikole tshia kukuba natshi dîsu anyi kuinshi kua dikopo dia dibeji dimpe pa mutu pa mufuba wa orbite bua tshintu nansha tshimue kafinyi pa tshitupa tshia dîsu to; mona mputa ya ku mêsu.
3. Fuika dîsu didi kadiyi ditapa: Bu mudi mêsu onso abidi enda pamue mu mushindu udi kauyi umvuangana, kubuikila dîsu dimpe ne tshilamba tshia gaze kudi kuambuluisha bua kulama dîsu didi ditapa too ne padi munganga wa mêsu udikonkonona.

Dikuma dia tshiamu tshia ku mesa, dikuma dia tshiamu tshia mitaku, ne mputa ya tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia mabaya¶

Mishindu ibidi ya tshiamu tshia mesa tshidi tshitangila malu a tshimpitshimpi¶

Pa tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia ku mesa tshidi katshiyi ne frein udi umona mubidi anyi muele wa tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi, mishindu ibidi mishilangane ya disama idi yenzeka, misangu ya bungi mu tshitupa tshia sekonde tshimue:

1. Disama dia nsongo ne dia munda: Padi dikosa dienda dikola, ntatu ya mutshi ya munda itu misangu ya bungi yenza bua tshitupa tshia panyima pa dikoba tshikuate munda ne menu a panyima adi abanda a dikombo dia 254-millimetre (10-inch) didi dinyunguluka, anyi tshintu tshia mudimu tshidi tshienda tshipatuka ku lupangu lua dikosa. Bu mudi menu a kunyima aya mulu ne kumpala kudi muena mudimu ne lubilu lua metre 60 ku sekonde (135 miles ku dîba), adi akuata tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne atshiela buludiludi mu difu, mu tshiadi, mu tshiadi anyi mu mpala wa muena mudimu. Bitupa bikese bidi mua kutapa tshiadi anyi difu, kadi mabaya adi ne bujitu adi mua kutshibula mifuba, ditapa dia tshifu, anyi ditapa dia tshiadi.
2. Dikoka dia tshianza ne dikosa dia nomba ya bungi: Shi muena mudimu ukoka tshiamu ku tshianza kayi ne tshiamu tshia kukoka natshi padi meno a kunyima apuekesha mutshi panyima, dijimija dia tshimpitshimpi dia diambuluisha didi dikoka tshianza buludiludi pa meno a carbide adi enda anyanguka, dikosa anyi dikosa tshianza tshinene ne minu mu tusunsa tukese tua 0.1.

Mushindu kayi wa kulama dikosa dia minu ya tshiamu tshia ku mesa ne kulama minu mikosa¶

Bisumbu bia lelu bia dipanda dia bianza bidi mua kupingaja misangu ya bungi bitupa bionso bia tshianza tshinene ne tshia munu bikalabu balongolole bimpe tshitupa tshia mutshi ne tshitupa tshidibu bakose mu minite 15 ya kumpala:

Tshitupa 1: Kukanda mashi adi apatuka ku tshianza tshia muntu udibu bashipe¶

1. Somba anyi ulale muntu udibu bashipe panshi diakamue: Bena mudimu ba mabaya badi ne mputa batu misangu ya bungi bafua bua disama dia tshimpitshimpi dia vasovagal syncope mu masekonde 30 panyima pa bamane kutangila tshianza tshiabu, ne badi mua kupeta mputa ku mutu pa mêsa a mashinyi a tshiamu tshia mitaku; mona kujimija lungenyi.
2. Ela tshienzedi tshia buludiludi ku bitupa bia munu bidi bipatuka mashi ne tshilamba tshikezuke tshinene: Mishipa ya munu idi ipita ku nseke yonso ibidi ya munu wonso. Funda tshianza tshidi tshitapike bikole mu bilamba bia tshiamu tshia mitaku ne ufina bikole paudi ukuata tshianza tshibandisha pa mutu pa mutshima.
3. Kukanga mishipa ya mashi anyi kusuika tshiamu tshia mitaku ku mishiku ya munu to: Kukanga mushipa udi upatuka mashi munda mua tshitupa tshia munu kudi kutshibula tshitupa tshia mubidi tshidi pabuipi apu, kunyanga kashidi diumvua dia munu udibu bapingaje. Dikosa dia minu dia pa nkayadi didi dilekela kupatuka mu minite 5 too ne ku 10 ya dikuma ne dibandisha dia gaze; Lama tourniquets ya ku diboko bua dikosa dia mijilu ya ku tshianza anyi ya ku tshianza idi ipita mu bilamba.
4. Stabilise partiels amputations in anatomical alignment: Bikala munu mukosolola bikole mu mufuba kadi mushale mulamakaja ku tshibumba tshikese tshia dikoba anyi tshia muonji, kutshinyi anyi kukosa tshibumba tshia dikoba atshi nansha kakese. Misangu ya bungi, tshibumba atshi tshitu anu ne miji ya muinshi mua dikoba idi mishale idi ikengedibua bua kupatuisha mashi kunyima kua dipanda dikese. Teka tshitupa tshidi tshilenga tshilulame ku luseke lua muena mutumba natshi pa tshilamba tshidi ne tshilamba, utshibuikile ne tshilamba tshia mâyi a mukele tshidi katshiyi tshinyanguka, ne utshibuikile tshianza bitekete.

Tshitupa 2: Keba ne uteke minu mikosa bimpe¶

Teka muena mudimu nebe udi kayi ne tshiji bua kukeba mu tshibuta tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku, mu tshina tshia lupuishi, ne mu nzubu wa tshisalu bua kupeta bitupa bionso bia minu bidibu bakose:

1. Sukula mu tshitupa tshîpi anu pikalaye mubuikila ne tshiamu tshia mitshi: Sukula bitekete bitekete lupuishi lua mutshi ludi kaluyi ne mâyi a mukele anyi mâyi a kunua adi kaayi ne tshintu. Kusukudi tshilamba, kuenzedi mudimu ne nsabanga anyi tshintu tshidi tshishipa masama, ne kutshinyi dikoba didi dinyanguke nansha kakese.
2. Ubuikila mu tshilamba tshia gaze tshidi ne mâyi makese: Ubuikile tshianza tshionso mu gaze wa sterile mutokesha ne mâyi a mukele anyi mâyi malenga ne utshikuate bua tshikale tshitoke, katshiyi tshitoka to.
3. Teka munda mua tshibombi tshiume, tshikanga (Tshibuikidiji 1): Ela munu mubuikila ne gaze munda mua tshibombi tshia plastike tshikezuke, upuekesha kapepe kadi kapite bungi, ne utshikanga bikole bua mâyi kaayi apatuka munda.
4. Ela tshibombi tshikanga munda mua tshisambakaja tshia neje ne mayi (tshibuikidiji 2): Uwuje tshibombi tshinene ne tshibombi tshia mashika ne mayi mashika, ne teka tshibombi tshia munda tshikanga pa mutu pa tshina tshia mayi a mashika.
5. Funda pa tshibombi ne tshilame kudi mubedi: Funda dina dia muntu udibu bashipe ne dîba dijalame dia dikosa dia mubidi pa tshibombi ne utshipeshe baminganga.

Kukonkonona ntatu misokoka kunyima kua mesa mumone kickback¶

Kuedi meji a bungi bua mputa wa ku tshianza udi upatuka mashi too ne paudi ujimija mputa wa munda mua lufu udi muenzeke bua dibue dia tshianza didi dikuma ku mubidi wa muena mudimu to:

• Tangila tshifu ne tshifu tshia kuinshi diakamue: Bandisha tshilamba tshia muntu udibu bashipe ne ukebe bua kumanya ni udi ne tshilonda, tshiosha anyi bipese bia nkunyi bidi mu tshifu tshia kuulu, mu tshiadi anyi mu tshiadi.
• Tangila ni mashi adi apatuka munda anyi ditshibuka dia bitupa bia mubidi: Dibue dinene didi dikuma kuulu kua difu dia dia bakaji ne lubilu lua metre 70 ku sekonde (155 miles ku dîba) didi mua kutshibula tshifu, eku dikuma dia munkatshi didi mua kutshibula mala anyi kutshibula mishipa ya mu tshifu. Bikala muntu udibu bashipe ne difu dikole anyi ditekete, dikoba dimpe, dikuma dia lukasa, anyi disama dia ku nsongo ya dikaya, umulame pa mukolo, kumupesha tshintu nansha tshimue ku mishiku, ne udimuije bantu badi ne bua kuya lukasa; mona dikema.

Tour, tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mabue, ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu¶

Bua tshinyi nshinga idi inyunguluka kayena imana¶

Tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku, tshiamu tshia CNC, tshiamu tshia radial drill press, anyi tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikole tshidi tshienza mudimu ne bukole bua bungi bua kunyunguluka ne torque mupuekele kudi tshiamu tshia mashinyi. Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshidi tshienda lubilu lutekete lua 300 too ne ku 600 RPM tshidi tshinyungulula tshiamu tshiatshi 5 too ne ku 10 misangu yonso mu sekonde yonso.

Shi muena mudimu wa mashinyi mufike pabuipi ne tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka, mbwa wa tour, tshiamu tshia plomb, anyi tshiamu tshia bar tshidi tshipatuka padiye muvuale tshilamba tshia ku bianza tshia mushindu kayi wonso, tshiamu tshia kumona natshi dîba tshidi katshiyi tshikanga, bilamba bia maboko male anyi nsuki mile idi kayiyi mikandike:

1. Tshikondo tshia diandamuna tshia zero: Tshikondo tshia diandamuna dia muntu tshidi pabuipi ne 0.25 sekonde. Ku 600 RPM, tshiamu tshia 200-millimetre (8-inch) tshidi tshikoka munu wa tshilamba tshia ku tshianza tshidi tshikuata mu 125 too ne ku 150 millimetre (5 too ne ku 6 inches) ya luendu kumpala kua buongo kufunda dipetangana.
2. Dipuekesha dia ku kakese ku kakese: Maganse a mudimu adi makole, maboko a denim, ne bilamba bia ku tshisalu bidi bienza mudimu bu mikaba idi ikolesha minu ya muena mudimu, tshianza, diboko dia kumpala, ne tshitupa tshia ku tshianza tshikole pa tshintu tshia mudimu tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka anyi ku mishiku ya chuck, bitshibula mifuba ya ku bianza miaba ya bungi kumpala kua kukuma mutu wa muena mudimu ne tshiadi tshia ndekelu ku bulalu bua ndekelu.

Disungila dia ku kakese ku kakese ne dilama dia luondapu bua dibuela dia lathe anyi dia drill press¶

Tshitupa 1: Dikanga dia mashinyi mu tshimpitshimpi ne Dikanga/Dipatuka¶

1. Fina Emergency Stop ne enza mudimu ne frein wa spindle: Pa biamu bia motere bia bungi bia mu midimu, tshiamu tshia ku makasa tshidi tshienda tshilonda tshishimikidi tshia tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku. Kupueka bikole pa tshiamu tshia makasa etshi kudi kunyangakaja tshiamu tshia nzembu ne kuenza mudimu ne frein wa spindle, kuimanyika dienda dia tshiamu tshia nzembu lubilu lukole kupita kukuma tshiamu tshia ku tshimanu nkayatshi.
2. Kumbusha ne kukanga nzembu ya kumpala: Ela diakamue tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshiteka ku tshimanu pa OFF bua tshiamu katshiyi mua kutuadija kabidi pikala muntu mua kututa tshiamu tshia embrayage padibu basungila bantu.
3. Kuena ne bua kunyema anyi kuendesha motere mu tshitupa tshia panyima bua kusulula muntu udi mukuatshike to: Nansha lubilu lua mu tshitupa tshia sekonde ludi mua kuenza bua tshintu tshikole tshikale ne bukole budi kabuyi mua kukokeshibua budi mua kukosa mushipa udi mufina anyi kutshibula mukolo wa muntu udibu bakuate.

Tshitupa 2: Dipatuka dia njila wa luya ne dijadika dia tshiamu¶

Padi tshiamu tshifua ne tshikanga, ela meji bua muntu udibu bashipe mu tusunsa 5:

1. Umbusha disama dia mu nshingu anyi mu tshiadi diakamue: Bikala mionji ya tshilamba tshia muntu udibu bashipe, tshilamba tshia tshilamba tshia ku tshisalu, tshilamba tshia ku tshilamba, anyi nsuki mikuate bikole ku tshilamba ne mishipa njila wende wa luya, enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi anyi muele wa mudimu (ukosa kule ku nshingu) bua kukosa tshilamba anyi nsuki mikole diakamue.
2. Kukuatshisha bujitu bua mubidi wa muntu udibu bashipe: Enza bua bantu babidi badi basungila bakuatshishe makaya a muntu udibu bashipe ku makaya, ku nshingu, ne ku mutu (anyi kuela mabaya makole muinshi muawu) bua bujitu bua mubidi wabu kabukoki panshi pa diboko didi dinyanguke ne pa mijilu ya mu tshiadi.
3. Angata dipangadika dia kulekela tshiamu tshikanga anyi kutshipatula ku bianza:
4. Bikala muntu udibu bashipe upuyakana ne mashi adi apatuka: Lekela diboko muaba udidi, ela tshiamu tshia ku mutu kua diboko padi mashi apatuka mu mishipa, ela nshingu bimpe ku bianza, ne windile bena mudimu ba mu tshibambalu tshia kapia bua kupatula mishiku ya tshiamu tshia mashinyi anyi kukosa bipese bia tshiamu tshia kapia bimpe.
5. Bikala muntu udibu bashipe ne disama dia mutshima, kayi mua kupuyakana bua tshifu tshidi tshikuma ku bulalu bua tshiamu tshia tour, anyi mashi apatuka mu tshintu tshidi katshiyi mua kukokeshibua: Ela biamu bia tshiamu tshia mashinyi mu Neutral anyi uleke frein wa spindle, ne wenze mudimu ne tshiamu tshia chuck wrench anyi bukole bua ku bianza bua kunyungulula chuck bitekete bitekete panyima ** mu tshitupa tshîpi tshia tshianza paudi ukosa bilamba bia mputa bikole ne tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi too ne padi tshifu ne njila wa luya bipatuka.
6. Dilongolola bua ntatu ya ditshibula ne ya dipingaja mashi: Bilamba bikuata bikole bidi binyunguluke tshiamu tshia mitaku bidi bienza mudimu bu tshiamu tshia nzembu tshienza. Shi tshitupa tshia mubidi tshiunzulula kumpala kua kuteka tshiamu tshia luondapu pabuipi, mijilu mitshibuka idi mua kupatuka ne mashi a bungi. Teka tshiamu tshia windlass tshia mushinga muulu pa diboko pabuipi ne dikaya kumpala kua kukosa bilamba bidi bikuata tshitupa tshia mubidi tshidi tshinyanguke bikole; mona disama dia tshiadi ne disama dia tshitupa tshia mubidi.

Bifungu bia tshiamu tshia tourneur tshidi tshienda ne biamu bia mudimu bia drill press bidi kabiyi bikanga¶

Njiwu mikuabu ibidi ya bingoma itu yenzeka misangu ya bungi mu nzubu ya dienza mashinyi:

1. Tshifungu tshia tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidibu bapue muoyo: Shi muena mashinyi mushiye tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia T mu tshitekelu tshia tshiamu tshia 3-jaw chuck ne wela tshiamu tshia nshinga, tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikole tshidi tshituta lubilu lukole mu tshifu, mu tshiadi anyi mu dîsu. Tangila shi udi ne tshitupa tshia mutu tshidi tshibungamija, mashi adi apatuka munda mua mutu, anyi disama dia mu tshiadi; mona mputa ku mutu ne mputa ya mukolo.
2. Tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi tshinyunguluka: Padibu bambula tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku kuyi ulamakaja mudimu ku mesa, biamu bia tshiamu tshia mitaku bidi bikuata padibi bibuela muinshi mua tshina, bikudimuna tshiamu etshi mu tshiamu tshia 1000-RPM tshidi tshikosa minu ne bianza. Lama mputa mikole diakamue ne dikuma dia buludiludi ne dibandisha.

Dilongolola dia njiwu ya mudimu ne liste wa malu a bukubi bua mashinyi¶

• Tshiamu tshia kukanda natshi mashi tshiteka pabuipi ne tshisasa tshia tshisalu: Lama nansha bipese bibidi bia windlass, gauze wa hemostatic, bande ya pression, shears ya traumatisme, gants ya nitrile, tshilamba tshia kukuba natshi mêsu tshikole, ne mifuku ya plastike mikezuke (bua kulama bianza) miteka muaba udi bantu mua kumona.
• Angle grinder guard and verification RPM: Tangila ni tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshidi tshilamakaja pankatshi pa diske ne tshianza tshia muena mudimu, jadika ne: RPM wa nkata udi mufuanangane anyi mupite RPM wa tshiamu tshia grinder tshidi katshiyi ne bujitu, ne ela nkata idi mikuluke anyi idi mimane kujika.
• Table saw riving knife, blade guard, and sticks: Misangu yonso enza mudimu ne muele wa riving kunyima kua dikombo bua kuepuka dikuma dia kerf, ne enza mudimu ne mitshi ya dikosa dîba dionso didi tshimanu tshia rip tshidi mutantshi wa 15 centimètres (6 inches) wa dikombo.
• Kakuyi maboko, maboko malekelela, kakuena mpeta, kakuena nsuki mile" zone: Kandika ma-gant, ma-montre, mpeta, mionji ya kukoka nayi, ne nsuki idi kayiyi mikanga pabuipi ne tshiamu tshia tour, tshiamu tshia kuenza natshi mudimu, tshiamu tshia kuenza natshi mudimu, anyi tshiamu tshia kuenza natshi mudimu.
• Tshifungu tshia tshiamu tshia bukubi tshidi ne ressort ne tshiamu tshia kuimanyika natshi: Enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia nshinga tshidi tshipatuka nkayatshi ne teka tshiamu tshia dikuba natshi tshidi tshienza mudimu ne tshiadi pa biamu bia ku mesa.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bua tshinyi kuena ne bua kuela munu mukosa buludiludi pa neje kunyima kua njiwu ya tshiamu tshia ku mesa?¶

Kuteka munu anyi tshianza tshinene tshikosa buludiludi pa mabue a mashika, pa bipese bia mashika, anyi pa mabue a mashika maume kudi kuenza bua mishipa ya mashi, mijilu, ne selile ya dikoba idi munda mua dikasa ikale mikole, bienza mabue a mashika adi kaayi malelela adi atshibula bimanu bia selile ne anyanga bua kashidi endothelium wa mashika (frostbite). Padi tshitupa tshia mubidi tshimane kuikala mu mashika, baminganga bakese kabena mua kupingaja mashi bua kuenda to, ne tshianza katshiena mua kupingajibua to. Misangu yonso, funda tshitupa tshikosa mu tshilamba tshikezuke tshidibu balengeje ne mâyi a mukele anyi mâyi a mu pompi, utshisuike mu tshibombi tshiume, ne uteke tshibombi atshi pa mutu pa tshintu tshidibu basangisha ne neje ne mâyi mashika bua kutshiosha bimpe menemene too ne ku 4 degrés Celsius (39 degrés Fahrenheit) kuyi utshienza mashika.

Bua tshinyi mbikandike bua kuvuala bianza bia mudimu padibu benza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia tour anyi tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mabue, nansha padibu benza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia mitaku?¶

Paudi wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia ku bianza anyi wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi katshiyi tshienda, tshia dikoba anyi tshia Kevlar tshidi katshiyi tshikosa bidi bikuba dikoba diebe ku mputa mikole. Ino, ku luseke lua tshintu tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka bu mudi tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia tour, vis wa plomb, anyi tshiamu tshia drill press, bifulu bia bianza bidi bishintulula tshitupa tshikese tshia dikoba mu dikosa dia mubidi anyi dibunda dia lufu. Shi dikoba dia patupu dikuma ku tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka anyi ku tshiadi tshia chuck, didi dipeta disama dia lukasa dia kuosha anyi dia kutshibuka didi difikisha ku dilekela diakamue. Shi tshilamba tshiluka anyi tshilamba tshia ku tshianza tshia dikoba tshikuate ku dinu didi dinyunguluka anyi ku tshintu tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka, bukole bua tshilamba tshia ku bianza budi bupangisha bua kutshibula, bikoka minu ya muena mudimu, tshianza ne diboko dijima mu tshintu tshidi tshinyunguluka tshidi ne bukole bua bungi mu tshitupa tshia sekonde.

Ntshinyi tshidi tshienza bua diske dia angle grinder dibutuke, ne bua tshinyi diske dinene didi dinyanguke didi ne njiwu ku grinder mukese?¶

Dikopo dia tshiamu tshia nzembu didi dilamakaja pamue kudi tshiamu tshia fibre de verre tshienza bua kutantamena lubilu lua tshitupa tshia ku mpenga, pa tshibidilu pabuipi ne metre 80 ku sekonde (180 miles ku dîba). Bu mudi diske dinene dia 180-millimetre (7-inch) anyi 230-millimetre (9-inch) dikale ne tshijengu tshinene, didi difika ku lubilu lua tshijengu tshia 6,500 too ne ku 8,500 RPM, kadi tshiamu tshikese tshia 115-millimetre (4,5-inch) tshidi ne lubilu lua 1100 to ne ku 8,500 RPM. RPM. Padi muena mudimu umbusha tshintu tshia bukubi ku tshiamu tshikese tshia nzembu tshia RPM bua kuela diske dinene (nansha didi dinyanguke mu bunene, didi ne tshina tshia munkatshi ne tshilamba tshia fibre de verre bivua bitekete bua dienza mudimu bikole kumpala), lubilu lua dinyunguluka lua bungi ludi luenza bukole bua centrifuge budi bupita mikalu ya tshiamu tshia résine, tshidi tshibueja tshiamu tshia superson tshipese.

Shi tshianza tshia muena mudimu nanyi tshidi tshinyunguluka ku tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne tshiimanyika tshiamu anyi tshiimanyika, bua tshinyi tshiena ne bua kukudimuna tshiamu tshia motere bua kutshipatula?¶

Motere ya tourne ya mu midimu ne biamu bia ku mutu bidi ne tshiamu tshia mashinyi bidi bipatula bukole bua bungi bua kutuadija mudimu ne bukole bua nzembu budibu bafila diakamue. Wewe muele motere bukole mu tshianza tshia panyima padi diboko, dikaya anyi tshilamba tshia muena mudimu nebe tshitshibuka tshisuika bikole ku tshiamu tshia mudimu anyi ku tshintu tshia mudimu, kuena ne bukokeshi nansha bumue pa mushindu udi tshiamu tshia mudimu tshienda tshinyunguluka to; dibutuka dia nzembu dia tshitupa tshia sekonde didi mua kunyungisha mifuba mitshibuke mu njila mukuabu, kutshibula mushipa wa tshiadi udi mufina, anyi kutapa nshingu wa muntu udibu bashipe ku bulalu bua tshiamu tshia nzembu. Misangu yonso, umbusha nzembu yonso, ushintulule tshiamu tshia ku mutu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu mu tshiamu tshia neutre, ne windile bena mudimu ba mudimu wa dipandisha kapia anyi ushintulule tshiamu tshia nzembu bitekete bitekete ku bianza bitupa bia santimetre umue ku musangu paudi ukosa bilamba bikole ne tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi nzembu.

Mukanda ewu udi ufila malu a didilongolola dia lukasa ne diambuluisha dia kumpala bua njiwu ya mashinyi a mudimu ne kawena upingana pa muaba wa dilongesha dia mudimu wa bianza anyi dia luondapu lua mu lupitadi to. Ela meji bua kulonga diambuluisha dia kumpala, CPR, ne Top the Bleed tourniquet kudi Croix-Rouge, St John Ambulance, American College of Surgeons, anyi kudi bulongolodi bua bukubi bua ditunga diebe.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Dipatuka dia mashi dikole ne dienza dia tourniquet
• Impalement ne embedded foreign object stabilization
• Ditapa dia mêsu ne dibutuka dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi
• Dibueja dia tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bintu ne mputa ya tshiamu tshia nzembu
• Ditapa dia ku mudimu ne njiwu ya mu midimu
• Disama dia mutshima ne disama dia tshitupa tshia mubidi

Miaba mifumina¶

• Tshibambalu tshia bukubi ne makanda a mubidi ku mudimu (OSHA, mu États-Unis): Mikenji ya dilama dia mashinyi (29 CFR 1910.212), Mashinyi a tshiamu tshia nzembu (29 CFR 1910.215), ne Malu adibu balomba bua kuenza mudimu ne mabaya (29 CFR 1910.213)
• Mulombodi wa malu a bukola bua mubidi ne bukubi (HSE, Royaume-Uni): Bukubi mu dienza mudimu ne nkata ya tshiamu tshia mitaku (HSG17) ne dienza mudimu bimpe ne biamu bia mudimu bia mabaya (Mikenji mianyishibue L114)
• Société américaine pour la chirurgie de la main (ASSH, États-Unis): Dilama dia lukasa ne dilama dia bianza bidibu bakose bua kubipanda kabidi
• Tshilongelu tshia baminganga ba mu Amerike tshidi tshitangila malu a njiwu (ACS COT, mu États-Unis): Mikenji ya diluisha dipatuka dia mashi ne diambuluisha dia nsombelu wa disama dia kumpala kua lupitadi (PHTLS)
• Tshibambalu tshia mudimu tshia mu Canada tshia malu a bukola bua mubidi ne bukubi (CCOHS, Canada): Mabeji a malu a bukubi a biamu bia mudimu, biamu bia kukosela nabi bintu ne biamu bia ku mesa bia tshijengu