Geyser wa hydrant wa kapia mukosa anyi dipuekesha dia mayi a mu tshimenga: kuimanyika bukoya bua Back-siphonage mu nzubu muebe¶

Paudi utangila ku dididishi diebe dia kumpala bua kumona 10-metre (33-foot) high-pressure geyser of water wela mbila muulu kunyima kua mashinyi mamane kukosa wet-barrel fire hydrant ku nseke ya njila, anyi kutemesha pompi webe wa mu tshikuku padi kapia ka mu nzubu wa pabuipi anyi **mutoyi wa mâyi manene ** bua kuenza bua pompi webe ikale anu ne dîyi dikole, "kunua / kuela mbila" mutoyi (negative vacuum pressure) kumpala kua kuela tshisuku tshitoka, ntshilumbu tshia lukasa tshia hydraulique, tshia nzembu ne tshia makanda a mubidi a bantu bonso. Bena nzubu ba bungi batu bela meji ne: padibu bakosa tshiamu tshia kapia anyi padibu bashipa tshiamu tshia 400-millimetre (16-inch) tshia mu njila, tshilumbu tshimuepele ntshia dijimija dia mâyi a mu pompi bua tshitupa tshîpi. Mu bulelela, dipatuka dia mâyi a bungi mu tshimpitshimpi ku bule bua njila didi dipuekesha bukole bua mâyi adi munda mua tshina tshia mâyi tshia mu tshimenga tshia pa tshibidilu 275 to 550 kilopascals (40 to 80 psi) kuinshi 0 psi (creating a powerful sub-atmospheric siphon vacuum munda mua tshina tshia mu njila), nangananga bua nzubu idi miaba mitumbuke kakese ku luseke lua nzubu.

Pa kumbusha wewe muenze bualu kampanda mu minite 2 anyi 3 ya kumpala bua kutapulula milonda ya mâyi ya mu nzubu muebe, tshiamu tshia mu njila tshidi tshikoka mâyi kunyima mu milonda ya mu nzubu muebe ne ya mu kartshie (Back-Siphonage): kupatula bintu bidi bipangisha dinyanguka dia ethylene glycol anyi chromate mu biamu bia kuenza nabi kapia ka hydronic, ma tablette a bule a quaternary-ammonium/chlorine mu bisuku bia mu tshina tshia mâyi, **Ortho/Roundup lawn weed-killer ne fertilizer mu garden-hose dial dial sprayers ** mu bisuku bia muinshi mua buloba ne bishi bia panshi bikoka kupitshila ku bipese bikese bia mu njila munene udi kayi ne bukole bua bungi buludiludi mu milonda ya mâyi a kunua a tshiamu tshia mitaku/PEX ne mu tshina tshia mâyi a kapia a mu nzubu muebe. Mu kitatyi kimo, luya lubi ludi mua kukoka tshibumba tshia kuulu tshia tshiamu tshieba tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku munda bu mudi tshibombi tshia soda tshitshibule (vacuum implosion) anyi kumbusha tshintu tshia kuulu tshidi tshifila kapia tshiume bua tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia 4,500-watt tshidi ne bukole tshioshe ("dry-firing") mu tusunsa 60. Paudi ukanga diakamue Tshiamu tshinene tshia kukanga natshi mâyi a mu nzubu, ujima tshintu tshidi tshikosa njila (anyi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi gaz tshiteka pa Pilot) pa tshiamu tshiebe tshia kuowa natshi mayi a kapia, ne kukangula pompi wa tshina tshia kuulu bua kutshibula tshipepele tshia munda, udi ulama tshiamu tshiebe tshia mâyi, biamu biebe bia mudimu ne mâyi a kunua ku bukoya bubi menemene.

(Bua meyi a mayi a mu tshimenga tshijima ne a dinyanguka dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi, bala Mashinyi a mu tshimenga tshijima ne mibelu ya mayi a kutokesha ne Mubelu wa kubenga kunua anyi kuela mayi: dinyanguka dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi anyi dia mafuta mu mayi a mu pompi. Shi tshiamu tshieba tshinene tshia kukanga natshi tshidi ne tshiamu tshia mitaku, tangila Tshiamu tshinene tshia kukanga natshi mayi tshidi tshilamakaja, tshiamu tshia tshiibi tshidi tshinyanguke, ne tshiamu tshia kuimanyika natshi njila ne buloba bujima nomba ya tshimpitshimpi tshilaminu.)

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Bikala mashinyi mafuma ku dikosa tshiamu tshia kapia mu njila wenu (Erupting Street Geyser): Ikala mutantshi wa metre 15 (50 feet) panyima, KUENJI anyi kuendesha mashinyi anyi kubuela mu tshina tshia mayi, ne ubikile 911 NE 24/7 Water Utility Emergency Line (311) mpindieu.
2. Bua tshinyi kuena ne bua kusemena pabuipi ne tshina tshia mâyi: Tshiamu tshia mâyi tshikosa (or a broken dry-barrel hydrant stem) udi upatula 4,000 too ne ku 9,500 litre (1,000 to ne 2,500 gallons) ya mayi ku minite 400 to 700 kPa (60 to 100 psi). Ndeke eu udi ututa bitupa bia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshitshibuka, mabue a nsongo, ne asphalte kupitshila ku madidishi a mashinyi, ne mu minite 3 anyi 5 mâyi adi akola adi anyanga buloba budi muinshi mua tshibandilu tshia mu njila, wenza tshina tshia muinshi mua tshibandilu tshidi katshiyi tshimueneka tshidi mua kumina mashinyi anyi muntu mujima.
3. Bikala mashinyi adi makuluke makuate ku mutshi wa nzembu udi mukuluke NE mu tshina tshia mâyi: Angata tshina tshijima tshia mâyi a mvula tshidi tshipueka mu tshina tshia mâyi tshia mu njila bu tshidi ne bukole bua 7 200 volts (see Nsinga ya nzembu mipueka ne dikuma dia nzembu dia mashinyi).
4. Ndaku mu nzubu webe wa muinshi mua buloba, mu tshilaminu tshia bintu bia mudimu, muaba wa tshilala benyi, anyi mu garage LELU ne ukange tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mâyi tshia mu nzubu muebe (Ball Valve anyi Gate Valve).
5. Kukanga tshiamu tshieba tshinene tshia munda mua nzubu (located right where the main water pipe enters your foundation wall or slab, next to the water meter) udi ukanga tshiamu tshijima tshia nzubu muebe ku tshina tshia mâyi tshia mu njila.
6. Tshienzedi tshimue etshi tshidi tshienza malu abidi a mushinga musangu umue: (a) tshidi tshikuata 150 too ne ku 300 litre (40 too ne ku 80 gallons) ya mayi a kunua adi ne bukole munda mua tshiamu tshieba tshia kuowa natshi mâyi ne mu milonda ya mu nzubu, ne (b) tshidi tshipangisha tshipepele tshibi tshidi mu njila munene tshidi katshiyi ne bukole bua kunua mâyi a mu tshisuku, a mu njila anyi a bitotshi bia mu njila dipingana mu milonda ya mu nzubu muebe.
7. Kudimuna tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia 240V tshia tshiamu tshiebe tshia kuowa natshi mâyi a kapia ku OFF (anyi kukudimuna tshiamu tshieba tshia Gas Water Heater ku PILOT) mu minite 2.
8. Shi luya lua mu njila lupueka kuinshi kua zero kumpala kua wewe kukanga tshiibi tshieba tshinene, mayi adi apingana kunyima mu tshina tshia mayi mashika tshidi ku mutu kua tshina tshieba tshia mayi a kapia, bipuekesha bungi bua mayi adi munda mua tshina ne santimetre 20 too ne ku 30 (8 too ne ku 12 inches).
9. Pa Tshintu tshia kuosha natshi mayi tshia nzembu, Tshiamu tshia kuosha natshi tshia 4,500-Watt tshidi tshiteka pabuipi ne mutu wa tshina tshia mâyi: dîba didi tshintu atshi tshibuela mu luya pamutu pa mâyi, tshidi tshidiosha nkayatshi ("Dry-Firing") mu masekonde 30 too ne ku 60, udi ulengeja tshilamba tshia tshintu ne udi ulomba bua kupingaja muena plombier. Kujima tshiamu tshia kujika natshi (labeled "Water Heater") udi ukandika dienza dia dry-firing diakamue.
10. Kangula tshiamu tshimua tshia mayi mashika tshidi pa mutu pa nzubu webe (ne umbusha tshiamu tshia mâyi tshia pambelu tshia mu budimi) bua kutshibula tshiamu tshionso tshia munda tshidi tshishala.
11. Wewe mumvue tshina tshia mâyi tshiela mbila anyi tshinua kapepe kumpala kua wewe kufika ku tshiamu tshiebe tshinene tshia kukanga natshi mâyi, kunzulula tshina tshimue tshia kuowela mâyi tshia mu nzubu wa kuulu kudi kuenza bua kapepe kimpe ka mu nzubu webe kabuela ku mutu kua tshiamu tshiebe tshia kuulu (acting as a manual vacuum breaker), udi ukandika tshina tshieba tshia mayi a kapia tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku bua kukuluka munda mu tshikondo tshia bukole bubi.
12. Enda pambelu ne diakamue upuekeshe tshiamu tshionso tshia mu budimi tshidi mu tshibombi, mu tshina tshia bana, mu tshina tshia mâyi, anyi tshidi tshilamakaja ku mulondo wa dial-sprayer wa insecticide/weed-killer (even if the spigot has a brass vacuum breaker, old rubber diaphragms stick open and allow weed killer to be sucked straight into your kitchen water line during a street pressure drop).
13. KUENA kunua, kusukula menu, kuenza mabele a bana, anyi kuenza mudimu ne glace wa mu frigo weba pikala pompi kampanda muele kapepe anyi mayi mafike kumpala kua wewe kukanga tshiibi tshinene.
14. Dîba dionso didi tshipepele tshia mu njila munene wa mu tshimenga tshipueka muinshi mua 140 kilopascals (20 psi) (the federal EPA and state regulatory minimum threshold), tshibambalu tshia mayi tshidi tshilombibua kudi mikenji bua kupatula Didimuija dia mayi a kulamba (or Do-Not-Drink Notice) bua tshitupa tshia pression tshidi tshinyanguka too ne padi pression muimpe upingana, tshitupa tshinene tshidi ne hyper-chlorinated, ne matuku abidi malondangana (24 to 48 hours) wa E mubi. coli / total coliform bacterial lab samples kumbusha mulongo.

Mutshi wa mapangadika: Kuandamuna ku tshina tshia kapia tshikosa anyi dipuekesha dia tshimpitshimpi dia mayi a mu tshimenga¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Geyser wa tshiamu tshia kapia tshikosa mu njila anyi mishiku idi ipuekesha/iela mbila ne bukole bua mayi"] --> StreetCheck{"Kudi Geyser anyi mvula wa bungi udi wenza mudimu mu njila wenu mpindieu anyi?"}

    StreetCheck -->|"EYOWA: Hydrant udi wenza mudimu anyi Geyser munene"| SceneSafety["Tshitupa 1: Ikala 15+ Metres (50 ft) panyima; Tangila mionji ya nzembu idi mipueka ne miaba ya asphalte; Bikila 911 ne Water Utility (311)"]

    StreetCheck -->|"TSHIENA: Mapompi adi apuekesha bukole anyi adi apuya kapepe"| IsolateHome["Tshitupa 2: Kanga tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mayi tshia mu nzubu weba diakamue bua kupangisha dibuela dia mayi"]
    SceneSafety --> IsolateHome

    IsolateHome --> ProtectHeater["Tshitupa 3: Jima tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia 240V (anyi Teka tshiamu tshia nzembu ku PILOT) bua kuepuka kapia kakole ne dikuluka dia tshina"]

    ProtectHeater --> BreakVac["Tshitupa 4: Kangula tshiamu tshimue tshia mashika tshia kuulu bua kutshibula tshiamu tshionso tshia munda tshia tshiamu tshia mashika + Ubulule tshiamu tshia mashika tshia pambelu"]

    BreakVac --> SiphonCheck{"Mapompi eba adi apuya kapepe anyi apatula mayi adi mashintuluke KUMPALA kua wewe kukanga tshiibi tshinene anyi?"}

    SiphonCheck -->|"NO: Valve munene mukanga kumpala kua tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia kunyima"| SafeReserve["Milonda yebe ya mu nzubu ne tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mayi bidi bishala bikezuke; Bindile too ne padi tshimenga tshiumbusha mibelu ya mayi a kuela kumpala kua kunzulula tshiamu tshinene"]

    SiphonCheck -->|"EYOWA: Dinyanguka dia bintu diakaenzeka"| PurgeProtocol["Tshitupa 5: Tuangate ne: Back-Siphonage mmuenzeke -> KUNUA mâyi a mu pompi to; Kumpala, ela mayi a pambelu, pashishe mapompi a mashika, ne upuekeshe tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mayi panyima pa dipingana dia bukole"]

Tshitupa 1: Fizike wa "Back-Siphonage" (Why a street water break sucks poison into your drinking pipes)¶

Mu mudimu wa pa tshibidilu wa ku dituku ne ku dituku, nzubu wenu wa mâyi wa mu tshimenga udi ulama tshipiminu tshimpe tshia 275 to 550 kPa (40 to 80 psi) mu njila yonso ya muinshi mua buloba. Tshienzedi tshimpe tshia pambelu tshidi tshijadika ne: bikalaku tshitupa tshikese tshia mu njila wa muinshi mua buloba anyi wewe mulekele tshintu tshia mu budimi tshibuikila mu tshibombi tshia nsabanga, mâyi malenga adi anu atuma pambelu.

Padibu bakosa tshiamu tshia kapia kuinshi kua mukuna webe, anyi padi motere isatu ya pompe ya tshibambalu tshia kapia ilamakaja ku biamu bia kapia bia mu kartshie ne ikoka 15 000 litre (4 000 gallons) ku minite bua kujima kapia ka mu tshisalu, Mukenji wa Bernoulli ne bukole budi bukokela bintu panshi bidi bipueka lukasa mu tshibandabanda. Munda mua milonda idi ikuatshisha nzubu idi ku mutu kua tshibandabanda, tshipiminu tshia bukole tshidi tshipueka muinshi mua 0 kPa / 0 psi mu tshitupa tshia tshianana (-30 to -85 kPa / -5 to -12 psi).

Bintu 5 bia mu nzubu ne bia mu musoko bidi bibuela mu milonda ya kunua mu tshikondo tshia tshibilu tshia vacuum¶

Tshitupa 2: Bua tshinyi bukole bua mayi budi bunyanguka (implodes) bintu bia kapia bia mayi a kapia ne bidi biosha bintu bia kapia¶

Nansha mudi bintu bia tshimpitshimpi kabiyi bibuela mu milonda yebe, dipuekesha dia tshimpitshimpi dia mu njila munene didi mua kunyangakaja tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi a kapia tshia mushinga wa dolare 1500 too ne ku 3000 mu minite mikese menemene 3 ku diambuluisha dia mishindu ibidi ya dipanga dia mashinyi:

1. Dibutuka dia tshina tshia mâyi a kapia ("The Crushed Soda-Can Effect")¶

• Mushindu udibi bienzeka: Tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi tshia mu nzubu (150 to 300 liters / 40 to 80 gallons) mmuenza bua kutantamena dikengesha dia pambelu dia munda (tested to 2,068 kPa / 300 psi), kadi bimanu biende bia tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi bia tshiamu tshia mitaku bidi ne bukole bukese bua kukandamena dinyanguka dia lupepele lua pambelu padi tshipepele tshia munda (-50 to -90 kPa / -7 to -13 psi) udi ukoka mayi mu tshibombi tshia mayi mashika.
• Shi njibo yebe keyi na Vacuum Relief Valve (ANSI Z21.22 / CSA 4.4, bu mudi Watts N36) muteka pa tshiamu tshia kubueja natshi mayi mashika pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mayi, ne kuena mua kukanga tshiamu tshieba tshinene tshia kukanga natshi anyi kunzulula tshina tshia kuulu bua kubueja kapepe to, bukole bua mu lupepele (101.3 kPa / 14.7 psi kuela tshianza pa tshitupa tshionso tshia pambelu pa tshina tshia mâyi) kudi mua kukanga ne kukuluka tshina tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku munda, kutshibula tshilamba tshia munda tshia tshiamu tshia porcelaine bua tshina tshipatuke dîba didi mâyi a mu tshimenga apingana.

2. "Dry-Firing" Burnout of Upper 4,500-Watt Electric Heating Element¶

• Munda mua 240-volt electric tank water heater, mudi bintu bibidi bia tshiamu tshia mitaku/Incoloy: tshintu tshia kuinshi tshidi pabuipi ne kuinshi ne tshintu tshia kuulu tshidi tshiteka pa bule bua 25 centimètres (10 inches) ku mutu kua tshina.
• Bualu tshiamu tshia kubueja natshi mayi mashika (dip tube) udi ne tshina tshikese tshia anti-siphon tshienza pabuipi ne ku mutu kua tshina, tshiamu tshia mu njila tshidi tshipatula 20% too ne ku 30% ya mayi mu tshina, tshishiya tshintu tshia kuulu tshidi tshifila luya mu tshibombi tshia kapepe.
• Mu tshikondo atshi, tshiamu tshia luya tshidi tshimona ne: mutu wa tshina tshidi tshienda tshijika ne tshidi tshishintulula 240 volts (18.75 amps / 4,500 watts) pa tshitupa tshia kuulu. Padiku kakuyi mayi a mu mayi adi munyunguluke tshiamu tshia mitaku bua kumbusha kapia, tshintu etshi tshidi tshikenka bu tshitoke mu lupepele ne tshidi tshinyanguka/tshipatuka mu masekonde 30 too ne ku 60 ("Dry-Firing").
• Mukenji wa bushuwa kumpala kua kupingaja tshiamu tshieba tshia kukanga natshi mayi kunyima kua dijika dia mayi: KUENA mua kupingaja tshiamu tshieba tshia kukanga natshi mayi ku ON too ne kunyima kua wewe mumane kutemesha pompi wa mayi a kapia mu tshikuku tshieba anyi mu tshina tshia kuowa mâyi ne mutangile mâyi makole, kaayi apueka, kaayi ne kapepe mu minite 2 mijima (bileja ne: tshina tshidi tshiuwule tente 100% too ne ku mutu menemene ne mifuba yonso ya kapepe idi mibuikila mmipatuke).

Tshitupa 3: Tshia kuenza padi tshimenga tshipingaja tshina tshia mayi (Avoiding "Water Hammer" & Purging Rust/Contaminants)¶

Padi bena mudimu ba mayi ba mu tshimenga bajikija kuela tshiamu tshipiatshipia tshia kujima natshi kapia anyi kukanga tshina tshinene tshia mu njila tshidi tshinyanguke ne kukangula tshiibi tshia njila, mifuba ya kapepe kakole ne tshipiminu tshia milonda ya tshiamu tshia mitaku (tuberculation) badi batuta mu njila munene ne lubilu lua bungi. Kukangula tshiibi tshinene tshia nzubu muebe kakuyi budimu padibu bapingaja mashika kudi mua kukanga tshiamu tshionso tshia kuela kapepe, tshiamu tshia frigo, ne tshiamu tshia solenoïde tshia mashinyi a kusukula nawu bilamba mu nzubu muebe.

Mulongo wa 5-Step Safe Household Repressurization & Flushing Sequence¶

1. Indila minite 15 to ne ku 20 kunyima kua luya lua mu njila lumane kupingana kumpala kua wewe kunzulula tshiibi tshieba tshinene: Lekela bena mutumba bebe ne bena mudimu ba mu tshimenga bapatule mashi a mu njila wa kumpala.
2. Kusukula ku tshina tshieba tshia pambelu tshia panshi (Or Pre-Meter Laundry Tub) TSHIA KUMPALA:
3. Tangila Valve munene wa munda mua nzubu udi unzulula anu 25% (quarter-open) ku ntuadijilu bua wewe kubenga kukuma milonda yebe ya mu nzubu ne biamu bia kuowa nabi mâyi bia mu tshina tshia mâyi ne tshintu tshidi tshibutula tshiamu tshia mâyi tshia mu tshibombi tshia luya.
4. Diakamue, kangula tshilamba tshia pambelu tshia mu budimi (spigot) kumpala kua nzubu anyi pompi wa mashika wa tshina tshia mâyi tshia muinshi mua buloba (tshidi katshiyi ne biamu bia kuela nabi kapepe bimpe) ne utshilekele tshienda munkatshi mua minite 5 anyi 10 too ne padi kapepe kadi kapatuka kajika ne mâyi ajika bimpe menemene ne mashika.
5. Umbusha tshiamu tshia Mesh Aerators ku robinet yebe ya mu nzubu kumpala kua wewe kuowa mapompi a mashika:
6. Umbusha tshiamu tshia luya tshidi tshinyunguluke ku nsongo ya robinet ya mu tshikuku ne ya mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi (use your fingers or a cloth-wrapped wrench), pashishe teka pompi yonso ya mayi mashika (bathtubs first, then sinks) bua minite 5**. Kumbusha bintu bidi bifila kapepe kudi kupangisha bipese bia mvinyo ne nsenga bua kuikala bikuata bikole kunyima kua tshilamba tshia ku pompi ne kushipa bukole bua mayi ebe.
7. Bikala Back-Siphonage muenzeke (Blue Toilet Water, Chemical Odor, or Boiler Siphon): Sukula tshina tshia mayi a kapia tshijima:
8. Lamakaja tshiamu tshia mu budimi ku tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi kuinshi kua tshiamu tshiebe tshia kuowa natshi mâyi a kapia (with the electric breaker still OFF), kangula tshina tshia mâyi, ne upuekesha mâyi mu tshina too ne paditshi tshitoke ne katshiyi ne mupuya kumpala kua kuwuja kabidi.
9. Umbusha tshibombi tshiebe tshia kapepe ka tshiamu tshia kapia tshia mayi a kapia KUMPALA kua wewe kupingaja tshiamu tshia 240V tshianyima ON:
10. Kangula luseke lua mayi a kapia lua tshina tshieba tshia kuulu tshia kuulu ne ulekela tshiela mbila ne tshiela kapepe too ne padi musulu wa mayi makole wenda minite 2 mijima. Anu pashishe, udi mua kupueka ku tshiamu tshia nzembu ne kupingaja tshiamu tshia Water Heater circuit breaker ON.

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Shi tshipiminu tshia mayi tshia mu nzubu wanyi tshidi ne "Check Valve" muenza munda, bua tshinyi ndi anu dijinga ne kukanga Main Indoor Water Shutval Valve mu tshikondo tshia dikisha dia mu njila?¶

Nansha mudi bena mudimu ba bungi bateka tshiamu tshia mitaku **Dual Check Valve (`ASSE 1024`)** ku luseke lua basumbishi ba biamu bia kupima nabi mâyi bia lelu, nzubu miliyo ya bungi miibaka kumpala kua 2005 idi ne biamu bia kupima nabi mâyi bia kale bidi ne **zero internal check valve** (bidi bienza bua mâyi apingaje tshiamu tshia kupima natshi mâyi mu njila munene). Nansha mu nzubu idi ne tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi metre, mabue a mushinga mukole ne tshipiminu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku bitu misangu ya bungi bikuata tshintu tshia munda tshidi ne tshiamu tshia ressort tshiunzulula kakese mu bule bua matuku. Kabidi, nansha mudi tshiamu tshieba tshia tshiamu tshia mita tshilama 100%, dipueka dia tshimpitshimpi ku `0 psi` ku tshipiminu tshidi tshianyishila mayi a mu **milonda yebe ya mu tshisasa tshibidi ne mu bisuku bia mu nzubu wa kuulu/wa kuulu bua kupueka mu tshina tshiebe tshia kunua tshia mu tshisasa tshia kumpala** munda mua nzubu webe pa kumbusha wewe mukanga tshiamu tshinene tshia kukanga natshi mâyi ne kuyi ukangula milonda ya mu tshisasa tshia panshi.

Mmunyi mudi ba-pompier anyi bena mudimu ba mu nzubu wa mâyi mua kujima tshiamu tshia Wet-Barrel Fire Hydrant tshidibu bakose padi tshina tshia mâyi tshia bule bua metre 10 (33-foot) tshipatuka mu njila?¶

Kabena bateta bua kukanga tshina tshia hydrant tshidi tshipatuka to. Bilondeshile mikenji ya mudimu wa mu tshimenga (**AWWA C502/C503 ne NFPA 24**), tshiamu tshionso tshia tshiamu tshia kapia (`the "hydrant lateral"`) udi na **Valve wa tshiibi tshia diambuluisha tshia muinshi mua buloba (`called a "Watch Valve" or "Street Valve"`)** mujika muinshi mua tshibuikidiji tshikese tshia **15-centimetre (6-inch) tshia tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku** mu njila wa asphalte anyi mu tshitupa tshia bisonsa pabuipi ne **1 too ne ku 3 metre (3 too ne ku 10 feet) kumpala kua tshina tshia mâyi**. Bena mudimu ba mu tshibambalu tshia mayi (anyi ba-pompier) badi bumbusha tshibuikidiji tshikese tshia tshiamu tshidi tshinyunguluke mu njila, bapuekesha **1.8-metre-bule (6-foot) tshiamu tshia T-handle Street Valve Key** panshi pa tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mudimu, ne batshikudimuna **15 too ne ku 20 mu tshikoso tshia dîba** bua kujima hydrant kayi ujima ditamba dia mâyi bua kuikisha musoko.

Nzubu wanyi udi ne tshiamu tshia "Closed-Loop" tshidi ne tshiamu tshia Thermal Expansion Tank pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mayi - kukanga tshiamu tshianyi tshinene tshia kukanga nabi nekuenze bua tshiamu tshianyi tshia kukanga natshi mayi tshikale ne bukole bua bungi meme mushiye kapia kakole anyi?¶

Shi njibo yeba ikadi na **Potable Thermal Expansion Tank** ya bunene bukumbane, miteka pa tshiamu tshia mayi mashika tshidi pa mutu pa tshiamu tshieba tshia mayi a kapia, tshiamu atshi tshidi tshikuata 2% ya bungi bua mayi a kapia padi valve webe munene mukanga (ne tshiamu tshionso tshia mayi tshidi kabidi ne **Temperature ne Pressure Relief [`T&P`] valve** muteka pa `1,034 kPa / 150 psi`). Ino, shi njibo yobe *keyi* na tshina tshia luya (nansha pikala tshibombi tshia munda tshidi tshiuwule tente ne mayi), kukanga tshiamu tshieba tshinene tshia mu nzubu eku ushiya tshiamu tshia gaz anyi tshia nzembu tshienza mudimu ne kapia kakole nekuenze bua bukole bua mu tuyilu tua munda tubandile kupita `150 psi` too ne padi **T&P valve udila mayi a kapia pa tshisasa tshieba tshia muinshi mua buloba**. Ke bualu buibidi budi buenza bua se: udi ne bua kukudimuna tshiamu tshiebe tshia kuowa natshi mâyi tshia ku nzembu `OFF` (anyi tshintu tshieba tshia kukanga natshi mayi tshia gaz `PILOT`) padi tshiamu tshieba tshinene tshia mayi tshikanga ke mushindu mutambe buimpe.

Netuambe tshinyi meme mumvue tshiona tshikole anyi tshiona ("Water Hammer") mu bimanu bianyi padi tshimenga tshipingaja tshina tshia mâyi tshia mu njila?¶

Dikuma dia tshikisu edi didi difumina ku **mifuku ya kapepe kakole** idi ipita mu milonda yebe mibuejakaja ne bipese bia mayi a lubilu lukole. Dîba dionso didi tshibombi tshia kapepe tshipatuka mu tshina tshia mâyi ne tshimanu tshikole tshia mâyi tshituta mu tshina tshia mâyi tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku ku metre 3 (10 feet) ku sekonde, tshidi tshipatula tshipepele tshikole tshidi tshipita **`1,400 kPa (200 psi)`** udi mua kutshibula milonda ya mashinyi a kusukula nawu bilamba anyi milonda ya plastique ya kuwuja nayi tshiibi. Diakamue **puekesha tshiamu tshieba tshia kukanga natshi mayi tshia mu nzubu too ne ku 25%** (`acting as a flow restrictor`), kangula **mishimi yebe ya mu budimi bua pambelu ne mishiku ya mashika ya mu tshina tshia kuowa mâyi** tshitupa tshia njila bua kupatula kapepe bimpe mu mifuku ya kapepe ku lubilu lukese, ne kangula anu tshiamu tshinene tshia nzembu 100% padi luya luonso lujika.

Nnganyi udi ufuta pikala muendeshi wa mashinyi mukuatshike anyi mupangile lungenyi muele tshiamu tshia kapia tshidi kumpala kua nzubu wanyi ne tshiamu tshia geyser tshiwuja nzubu wanyi wa muinshi mua buloba anyi tshisukula njila wanyi wa mashinyi?¶

Bishilangane na dibutuka dia mayi a muinshi mua buloba (mudi bimenga bia mu matunga a bungi a mu États-Unis bilomba budikadidi bua mbulamatadi pa kumbusha wewe muleje ne: uvua muenze bualu bubi), **tshiamu tshia kapia tshikosa tshidi tshifumina ku njiwu ya mashinyi tshidi tshikuba 100% kudi Property Damage Liability wa muendeshi udi ne tshilema (** kudi bamfumu ba mashinyi ne assurance ya nzubu anyi ya nzubu webe Dikuba dia malu onso pikala mashinyi makuluke pa nzubu webe). Kumpala kua mashinyi a mpulushi kukoka bantu, enda mu njila (kuikala kule ne mayi ne mionji idi mikuluke) ne webeja mpulushi udi wenza makebulula **Nombre wa luapolo lua njiwu ya mpulushi, dina dia muendeshi, plaque wa mashinyi, ne nomba wa assurance wa mashinyi**, ne wangate video udi uleja tshiamu tshia hydrant tshidi tshienda tshibuela buludiludi mu madidishi anyi mu tshina tshiebe tshia muinshi mua buloba.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Mashinyi a mu tshimenga tshijima ne mibelu ya mayi a kutokesha
• Mubelu wa kubenga kunua anyi kuela mayi: dinyanguka dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi anyi dia mafuta mu mayi a mu pompi
• Tshiamu tshinene tshia kukanga natshi mayi tshidi tshilamakaja, tshiamu tshia tshiibi tshidi tshinyanguke, ne tshiamu tshia kuimanyika natshi njila
• Njiu ya dibutuka dia tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mayi ne dinyanguka dia valve wa TPR
• Nsinga ya nzembu mipueka ne dikuma dia nzembu dia mashinyi
• Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ne dituma dia matunga makuabu

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water: Cross-Connection Control Manual (Back-Siphonage Physics Under Sub-Atmospheric Street Main Depressurization, Boiler/Irrigation/Hose-Bib Chemical Intrusion Case Studies and the Minimum Distribution Mukenji).
• American Water Works Association (AWWA): Manual M14: Backflow Prevention and Cross-Connection Control, Standard C502 (Dry-Barrel Fire Hydrants), Standard C503 (Wet-Barrel Fire Hydrants), and Standard C503 (Disinfecting Waterins After Disinfecting Dijimija dia bukole).
• Bibambalu bia diluisha ne dikuba dia masama (CDC, États-Unis): Mibelu ya mayi a kunua: disukula dia mayi a mu nzubu, dilengeja dia tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mayi, ne dishintulula dia tshiamu tshia kuenza natshi mashika kunyima kua dilongesha dia mayi a kulamba.
• International Code Council (ICC) & Canadian Standards Association (CSA): International Plumbing Code (IPC) Section 608 (Protection of Potable Water Supply) & Section 504.2 (Vacuum Relief Valves ANSI Z21.22 / CSA 4.4 Required for Heaters).
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a mayi a kunua (DWI, Royaume-Uni) ne Komite wa ku Mputu wa Dilongolola (CEN): Mikenji ya difila dia mayi (Biamu bia mayi) 1999 (Bitupa bia mayi 1-5) ne EN 1717 (Dikuba dia mayi a kunua ku dinyanguka dia mâyi a kunua ku diambuluisha dia dienda dia panyima).