Bukokeshi bua kupingaja mashinyi, dishipa dia ditalala, ne dipingaja mashinyi¶

Kupatuka mu njila webe anyi muaba wa kutekela mashinyi ku mudimu bua kumona ne: mashinyi ebe kaenaku to, anyi kujuka pa dîba 2:00 wa dinda ne mutoyi wa mashinyi adi akukoka mashinyi adi apingana ku tshibuelelu tshiebe, mbualu budi buenza buôwa mu nsombelu webe, mu dilama dia bana ne mu mudimu webe. Mu matunga a bungi a mu États-Unis, mu Canada ne mu Australie, padi muntu udi musombe makuta upanga kufuta makuta a mashinyi anyi kayi ulama assurance wa njiwu, mufidi wa makuta udi ne bukenji bua kuangata mashinyi au kayi muanji kuya ku kabadi, anu yeye muenze nanku mu ditalala.

Ino, bafidi ba bintu ne bafidi ba mashinyi badi ne tshia kutumikila mikenji mikole ya bukubi bua bantu badi basumba bintu, bu mudi dikandika dionso dia "kushipa ditalala," mikenji mikole idi itangila dikuba dia bintu bia muntu nkayende bidi munda mua mashinyi ebe, mikenji mikole ya dimanyisha dia panyima pa dikuata dia mashinyi, ne dididishi dikese dia mikenji bua kupingaja mashinyi ebe kumpala kua kuasumbisha ku tshisalu. Mukanda ewu udi umvuija tshiudi mua kuenza padi mashinyi a dikoka mashinyi mu njila webe, mushindu wa kuenza mudimu ne bukenji buebe bua kuimanyika dikuata dia bintu mu mushindu udi kauyi mu diumvuangana ne mikenji, mushindu wa kupeta bintu biebe bia pa nkayebe kuyi ufuta bitadi bia dikuata dia bintu bibi, ne mushindu wa kupingaja mashinyi ebe ku diambuluisha dia dipingaja dia mfranga, dia dipikula, anyi dia nshapita wa 13 wa dijimija dia makuta.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Bikala muena mudimu wa dipingaja bintu udi mu njila webe mpindieu ne kayi muanji kuela ne kubandisha mashinyi ebe pa nzubu, amba ne dîyi dikole ne dîyi dikole ne: "Ndi nbenga dipingaja dia mashinyi aa, ne ndi nkulomba bua kumbuka muaba wanyi diakamue": Muinshi mua tshitupa tshia 9-609 tshia mikenji ya malu a bungenda (UCC) mu États-Unis ne self-up mikenji ya dipingaja dia bintu mu Canada, muena mudimu wa dipingaja dia bintu udi anu ne bukenji bua kuangata mashinyi kayi ne mukenji wa ku kabadi pikalaye mua kuenza nanku kakuyi dishipa dia ditalala, ne kuangata mashinyi pa mutu pa dibengangana dia mêyi dia muena dibanza dia mpala ne mpala mu njila wabu udi dishipa dia ditalala didi dibengangana ne mikenji.
2. Tuadija kukuata binjinjimbi ku telefone webe diakamue, ikala kule ne bakuabu, ne kulenga muntu udi ukuambuluisha, mashinyi adi akoka mashinyi, anyi kubuela mu mashinyi adibu bamane kubandisha pa tshiamu tshia kukoka natshi mashinyi: Kukuata video ne mêyi kudi kuleja ni uvua mubenge ku mêyi kumpala kua mashinyi kuikalawu makuate anyi ni muena mudimu au mmukose tshiibi, mukangule nzubu wa mashinyi, mupangile mashinyi, muenza mudimu anyi wenza mudimu kushala panyima kudi kukukuba ku mputa ne ku bilumbu bia dibunda.
3. Bikala mashinyi ebe mamane kuya, udi mua kuanji kubikila bampulushi ba muaba unudi bua kujadika ni bavua baapingaje anyi bavua bayibe: Mikenji ya ditunga ne ya musoko idi ne tshia kumanyisha bampulushi ba muaba unudi mu minite 30 anyi 60 ya dikoka mashinyi bua bampulushi kabajimiji bintu bua kukeba mashinyi adibu bibe to; muena mudimu wa bampulushi udi mua kujadika dipingaja dia mashinyi ebe ne kukupesha dina ne nimero ya telefone ya kumpanyi udi mukuate mashinyi ebe.
4. Bikila diakamue tshibambalu tshia dijimija dia bintu anyi tshia dipingaja dia bintu bia mashinyi ne ulombe nimero ibidi misunguluke: "Bushinga bua dipingaja dia bintu" ne "Bushinga bua difutu dia dipikula": Funda bungi bulelela bua dolare (kusangisha ne makuta adibu bafute panyima pa dîba, makuta adibu bafuta panyima pa dîba, ne makuta adibu bafute bua kukoka mashinyi anyi a kulama bintu), dîna dia tshitupa tshia mashinyi, dituku dilelela dia muaba wa kulamina bintu ne dîba dia kulama bintu mashinyi adi ne tshia kuya ku tshisalu.
5. Bikila muaba wa kulamina bintu mu mêba 24 too ne ku 48 bua kuenza ndongamu wa kuangata bintu bionso bia muntu nkayende bidi munda mua mashinyi: Tshilumbu tshia bukubi tshia mufidi wa makuta tshidi tshitangila anu mashinyi nkayawu ne bintu bia mu tshiapu bidi bilamakaja kashidi, kakuyi nansha kakese bintu biebe bia pa nkayebe (biamu bia mudimu, mashinyi a ku bianza, nkuasa ya bana, manga anyi mashinyi a bana bilamba bia mudimu), bidibu balomba kudi mikenji bua kubala ne kukupingajila.
6. Tangila mu kazubu kebe ka mikanda dituku dionso bua kupeta "Dimanyisha dia malu atudi balongolole bua kusumba nzubu" (Dimanyisha dia dijinga dia kusumba): Muinshi mua tshitupa tshia UCC tshia 9-611 too ne ku 9-614, mufidi wa makuta udi ne bua kukutumina mukanda wa dimanyisha dia panyima pa dipingaja dia bintu matuku makese 10 too ne ku 21 kumpala kua kusumba mashinyi ku tshisalu; Lama amvelope ne dimanyisha, bualu tshilema tshionso tshia mikenji tshidi mu mukanda eu tshidi mua kujimija bukenji buabu bua kukufunda bua dipanga dia makuta pashishe.

Dipangadika dia malu: dipingaja dia bintu ne dipingana dia panyima pa disama dia tshiadi¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Tshilumbu tshia dipingaja dia mashinyi"] --> Timing{"Tshiamu tshia dikoka natshi tshidi apa mpindieu anyi mashinyi mmaye kale?"}
    Timing -->|"Tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi mu njila / muaba wa kutekela mashinyi mpindieu"| CheckHook{"Sheriff udiku anyi mashinyi mmamane kukoka mu njila anyi?"}
    CheckHook -->|"Tòo: Muena mudimu udi udiambuluisha nkayende mu njila wa mashinyi kumpala kua kujikija"| Object["Enza video ne uleje patoke ne: 'Ndi nbenga dipingaja dia bintu ebi, uleke bintu bianyi'"]
    Object --> AgentResp{"Muena mudimu udi unzulula tshingoma ne uya anyi?"}
    AgentResp -->|"Eyowa: Muena mudimu udi uya"| HideFollow["Bikila mufidi wa makuta diakamue bua kuyukila anyi kujikija dipanga dia makuta bilondeshile mikenji"]
    AgentResp -->|"Tòo: Muena mudimu udi wenza mudimu ne bukole, utshinyisha anyi ubenga kuimanyika"| CallPolice["Bikila bampulushi diakamue (kulenga muena mudimu to): Ufunde dishipa dia ditalala didi kadiyi dilonda mikenji"]
    CheckHook -->|"Eyowa: Motoka ukadi muye anyi muena mudimu wa ku kabadi udiku"| GoneFlow["Tshitupa 1: Bikila bampulushi ba muaba unudi badi kabayi benza mudimu wa tshimpitshimpi bua kujadika ne: Repo anyi Theft"]
    GoneFlow --> GetLot["Tshitupa 2: Bikila tshibambalu tshia dipingaja dia makuta bua kupeta adrese wa lupangu ne dimanyisha dia dijinga dia kusumba"]
    GetLot --> PropRec["Tshitupa 3: Teka dîba dia kuangata diakamue bintu bionso bia muntu nkayende ne miaba ya kusomba ya bana"]
    PropRec --> DecidePath{"Udiku ne makuta a kupingaja mashinyi mu matuku 10-21 anyi?"}
    DecidePath -->|"Udi mua kufuta bitadi bia kale + bitadi bia dipingaja"| Reinstate["Kuenza mudimu ne dipingaja dia mfranga (lua ne mfranga ya mpindieu ne ikala ne tshipungidi tshidiku)"]
    DecidePath -->|"Udi mua kufuta/kupingaja makuta onso adi mashale"| Redeem["Kuenza mudimu ne bukenji bua kupikula (futa makuta onso adi mashale + bitadi)"]
    DecidePath -->|"Ikala ne makuta adi kaayi ashintuluka adi malongolola bua plan wa ku kabadi"| Ch13["Fila mukanda wa tshimpitshimpi nshapita wa 13 wa dinyanguka dia makuta mu matuku 10 bua dijimija dia makuta dia tshianana"]
    DecidePath -->|"Katuena mua kusumba mashinyi to: Lekelayi kuya ku tshisalu"| AuditDef["Konkonona makuta a mufidi wa makuta panyima pa dipana dia bintu ne kudikuba ku tshilumbu tshia dipanga dia makuta"]

Ngabu webe wa mikenji mu tshikondo tshia dikoka dia bintu: Ntshinyi tshidi tshienza "Dishipa dia ditalala" didi dibengangana ne mikenji?¶

Mu ditunga dia États-Unis (muinshi mua tshitupa tshia 9-609 tshia mikenji ya bungenda mushinga, miangatshibue mu matunga onso 50 pa kumbusha muaba udi Louisiana ne Wisconsin baya kule menemene ne dilomba dia tshilumbuluidi anyi dimanyisha dikole dia dianyisha), Canada (muinshi mua mikenji ya bukubi bua bintu bia muntu nkayende ya mu provense, pa kumbusha Québec idi ilomba kabadi ka mbulamatadi), ne mikenji ya ditunga dia Australie idi ilomba makuta udi muanyishibue bua kuangata mashinyi kakuyi mukenji wa ku kabadi anu pikalaye wenda kayi ne dishipa dia ditalala.

Shi muena mudimu wa dipingaja dia bintu wenza tshilema tshia ditalala, bukokeshi buabu bua kuangata mashinyi budi bujika diakamue. Kuangata mashinyi mu mushindu kayi wonso kudi kumvuija dipingaja dia bintu mu mushindu mubi, dishintulula dia bintu (buivi bua bintu), dibuela mu nzubu, ne dishipa dia mikenji ya ditunga idi itangila disangisha dia mabanza (FDCPA Section 808(6), 15 U.S.C. 1692f(6)).

Bienzedi bidi tubadi tumona bu dishipa dia ditalala didi kadiyi dilonda mikenji¶

Ndîba kayi didibu bangata dipingaja dia bintu bilondeshile mikenji bu "dijika"?¶

Dîba didi ne mushinga bilondeshile mikenji. Tubadi tudi tushilangana pankatshi pa dibenga kuenza mu tshikondo tshia dipingaja dia bintu ne panyima pa dipingaja dia bintu dimane kujika:

• Kumpala kua kujikija (Udi mua kuimanyika ku dibenga dia mêyi): Bikala mashinyi a dikoka bintu apingana mu njila webe, muena mudimu udi utangila VIN, anyi muena mudimu udi uteka bianza bia dibandisha dia nkata muinshi mua nkata yebe pa lupangu luebe, dipingaja dia bintu didi anu dienda dienzeka. Dibenga diebe dia mêyi ditalala ne ditoke didi dienzeja muena mudimu bua kuimana, kupuekesha mashinyi pikalawu mabandishibue tshitupa mu njila webe, ne kuya.
• Panyima pa dijikija (Dibenga dia ku meyi didi dipite pa dîba): Padi muena mudimu wa dipingaja dia bintu muele mashinyi bimpe ne mumane kuapatula mu njila webe wa mashinyi mu njila wa bantu bonso (anyi mumane kuambula mu muaba wa mashinyi a bantu bonso kumpala kua wewe kupatuka pambelu), "dikuata" dia mikenji didi dijika. Kulonda mashinyi adi akoka bantu mu njila anyi kutuluka pa tshibandilu tshia mashinyi padiku muendu mutoke kakuakupangisha bua kupingaja bintu ebi to, ne kudi kuteka muoyo webe mu njiwu mikole.

Mikenji ya dipingaja dia bintu bia pa buloba bujima: muaba udibu bakandike dikoka dia bintu kudi muntu nkayende¶

Mikenji ya dipingaja dia bintu idi mishilangane bikole bilondeshile muaba uudi musombele ne bungi bua makuta audi mufute:

• Mu Royaume-Uni (Consumer Credit Act 1974: The "One Third Rule"):
  • Shi uvua musumbe mashinyi eba bilondeshela tshipungidi tshia Disumba dia bintu (HP) anyi Disumbisha dia malu adibu balomba ne ukadi mufute tshia bisatu (⅓) anyi kupita apu tshia bungi buonso budibu ne bua kufuta bilondeshile tshipungidi etshi, mashinyi adi alua "Bintu bidibu balame" bilondeshile tshitupa tshia 90 tshia meyi a mfranga ya bantu badi basumba bintu 1974.
  • Mufidi wa makuta mmukandika bikole bua kuangata kabidi bintu bidibu balame kakuyi mukenji wa kabadi ka mu tshimenga (pa kumbusha wewe muele tshiala pa mukanda wa dianyisha dîba dijalame dia kuangata bintu). Kabidi, mu tshitupa tshionso tshia tshipungidi tshia disumba dia bintu mu UK, nansha wewe mufute makuta makese kupita tshia bisatu, muena mudimu wa repo kena mua kuangata mashinyi adi mashika pa njila webe wa mashinyi anyi mu garage kuyi ne mukanda wa ku kabadi to (nansha mudibu mua kuambula mu njila wa bantu bonso padibu bafuta tshitupa tshimue tshia bisatu).
  • Bilumbu bia dishipa dia mukenji wa tshitupa tshimue tshia bisatu tshia mu UK (Tshitupa tshia 91): Shi mufidi wa makuta mu UK muangate mashinyi eba mu njila kayi ne dîyi dia kabadi, anyi wangata bintu bidibu balame (bipite pa ⅓ bifuta) kayi ne dîyi dia kabadi, tshipungidi tshia mfranga tshidi tshijika nkayatshi kudi mikenji, udi mulekeledibue ku malu makuabu onso, ne udi ne bukenji bua kupingaja 100 pa lukama ya pound yonso Ukadiku mufute bilondeshile tshipungidi.
• Mu Canada ("Kukuata anyi Kufunda" Maprovense ne Mikenji ya Dimanyisha):
  • Mu British Columbia ne Alberta, mikenji mikole ya mu provense "Seize or Sue" idi ikuba bantu badi basumba bintu ku bipungidi bia dipana bidi ne mikalu: bikala mufidi wa makuta musungule bua kuangata ("kuangata") mashinyi ebe, dipingaja edi didi dijikija dibanza dionso didi dishala. Kabena mua kusumbisha mashinyi ku tshisalu ne pashishe kukufundila bua kupeta makuta adi kaayi makane to.
  • Mu Quebec, dipingaja dia bintu mu njila wa "kudiambuluisha" kakuyi dimanyisha didi dibengangana ne mikenji; muena dibanza udi ne tshia kufila Dimanyisha dia dienza dia bukenji bua kusumba bintu mu matuku 30 anyi kupeta bukenji bua ku kabadi, ne biwikala mufute nansha 50 pa lukama ya dibanza dionso dia dipana dia bintu, muena dibanza udi ne tshia kupeta dianyisha dia kabadi kumpala kua kuangata mashinyi.
• Mu États-Unis: Wisconsin, Louisiana, ne "Budikadidi bua kuondopa" mu matunga:
  • Wisconsin (Wisconsin Consumer Act, Wis. Stat. 425.206) ne Louisiana batu batamba kukandika dipingaja dia bintu mu tshimpitshimpi kuyi muanji kufila mamanyisha a dipanga dia dikumbaja dia mikenji anyi kupeta dilumbuluisha/diandamuna dia ku kabadi, anu padibu balonda mikenji misunguluke ya difila dia bintu.
  • Matunga adi aleja "bukenji bua kuondopa": Matunga mapite pa dikumi ne abidi a mu États-Unis (mudi kabidi California mu nsombelu kampanda, Colorado, Connecticut, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, South Carolina, West Virginia, ne District of Columbia) adi akulomba bua kufunda mukanda wa mikenji mu mukanda wa mbulamatadi Dimanyisha dia bukenji bua kujikija dipanga dia makuta didi dikupesha matuku 10 too ne ku 21 bua kufuta anu bitadi bia kale kumpala kua bobu kupeta bukenji bua kutuma mashinyi a dikoka.
• Mu États-Unis: Dikuba dia basalayi badi mu mudimu (Servicemembers Civil Relief Act / SCRA):
  • Munshi mua 50 U.S.C. 3952 (SCRA), pikala muena mudimu wa busalayi udi wenza mudimu (anyi muntu udibu balama) musumbe anyi mufutshile mashinyi ne mufute nansha dibanza dimue anyi difuta dia tshitupa tshimue KUMPALA kua kubuela mu mudimu wa busalayi, mufidi wa makuta udi **mukandike bikole kudi mikenji ya ditunga bua kuangata mashinyi au kakuyi dîyi dia kabadi, ne udi ushipa mikenji ya mbulamatadi ** tshilema tshikese.

Tshitupa 2: Kupeta bintu biebe munda mua mashinyi adibu bakuate¶

Padibu bakoka mashinyi munkatshi mua butuku, misangu yonso adi ne bintu bia muntu nkayende: bibombi bia makuta, makalashi a munganga, insuline, biamu bia ku bianza, bintu bia mudimu, bisaka bia mu kalasa, nkuasa ya bana anyi nfungulu ya nzubu.

Bukokeshi buebe bua bintu biebe bia pa nkayebe¶

1. Mufidi wa makuta kena ne bukenji nansha bumue bua kulama anyi kulama bintu biebe bia pa nkaya: Tshipungidi tshia bukubi bua dibanza dia mashinyi tshidi anu tshipesha mufidi wa makuta bukenji bua kulama mashinyi ne bintu bikuabu bia kashidi (bu mudi tshiamu tshia stereo anyi nkata). Bintu bidi munda mua tshibombi, mu tshibombi tshia bianza, anyi mu nkuasa wa panyima bidi bishala 100 pa lukama bintu biebe bia mikenji.
2. Makuta a "Dipikula dia bintu" adi kaayi malelela: Nansha mudi mikenji mikuabu ya ditunga yanyishila nzubu wa dilamina bintu wa muntu mukuabu bua kulomba bitadi bikese bia mudimu anyi bia dilama dia bintu (misangu ya bungi 25 too ne ku 75 USD) bua kulama ne kulama bintu biebe bidi kabiyi ne mushinga, Biro bia dikuba dia makuta bia basumbishi (CFPB) mbipatule mikenji idi itangila dilombola dia mikenji eyi kubenga kupingaja bintu bia muena mudimu (nangananga manga, bintu bia luondapu, bintu bia mudimu, ne nkuasa ya bana mu mashinyi) too ne padi muena dibanza ufuta makuta a dikoka anyi a dilama: anyi kulomba makuta a bungi bua kuangata bintu bia muntu nkayende: mbualu budi kabuyi bulonda mikenji budi kabuyi buakane, budi bushima anyi budi bunyanga bantu (UDAAP).
3. Mushindu wa kulomba bintu biebe mu bukubi:
   • Bikila nzubu wa dipingaja bintu mu 24 too ne ku 48 mêba a dikoka bua kuenza ndongamu wa kuangata nzubu (mikenji ya bungi ya ditunga idi ilomba nzubu bua kulama bintu bia muntu nkayende munkatshi mua matuku 30 anyi 60 ne kukutumina mukanda wa dimanyisha dia bintu).
   • Ulue ne mukanda wa mbulamatadi udi ne foto, mulunda anyi ntemu, ne tushete anyi mifuku ya tshianana bua kuambula bintu biebe.
   • Tangila liste wa bintu biebe kumpala kua kutua tshiala: Bantu badi bapingaja bintu nebakulombe bua kutua tshiala pa mukanda wa "Receipt de rélease des propriétés personnelles" padibu bakupesha mifuku ya bintu biebe. Kuena mua kutua tshiala pa mukanda udi wamba ne: "Bintu bionso bia muntu nkayende mbipeta bionso" kuyi mubulule mifuku anu ku tshisalu ne mutangile tshintu tshionso to.
   • Tshia kuenza pikala bintu bia mushinga mukole (biamu bia mudimu, makuta, bintu bia ku nzembu) kabiyiku: Shi tshiamu tshieba tshia ku bianza, kazubu ka biamu bia mudimu, anyi tshibombi tshieba tshia makuta bivua mu mashinyi pavuabu bakukoka ne kabiyi mu mifuku ivuabu bakupeshe, funda patoke pa mukanda wa dipeta dia bintu pa mutu pa tshiala tshiebe ne: "Bintu bidi kabiyiku [funda nomba milelela ne nomba ya mulongolongo] Muena nzubu kavua mupete bintu bionso to." Diakamue, funda luapolo lua buivi kudi tshibambalu tshia bampulushi tshia muaba unudi ne dîna dia muaba udibu bakoka mashinyi, ne utume mukanda wa dilomba ku diambuluisha dia Certified Mail kudi mufidi wa mashinyi (udi ne bujitu bua malu adi muena mudimu wende wa dipingaja bintu muenze) ne kumpanyi udi upingaja bintu.

Tshitupa 3: Mishindu inayi ya mikenji ya kupingaja mashinyi ebe adibu bangate kumpala kua kusumba¶

Padi muena mudimu wa dipingaja mashinyi ufila mashinyi eba mu tshilaminu tshia bintu, mufidi wa makuta udi ne tshia kulama mashinyi mu tshikondo tshia kuindila tshidi tshilomba (pa tshibidilu matuku 10 too ne ku 21 bilondeshile mikenji ya ditunga anyi ya ditunga) kumpala kua kuyisumbisha ku tshisalu tshia mashinyi anyi ku tshisalu tshia mashinyi. Mu tshikondo etshi, udi ne mishindu inayi mishilangane ya kupeta mashinyi:

Bua tshinyi "Difila dia budisuile" kaditu anu diandamuna dia majimbu to¶

Padi bantu badi basomba bintu bamona ne: kabena mua kufuta makuta a mashinyi a ngondo udi ulonda, bafidi ba makuta ne bafidi ba makuta batu imue misangu bafila lungenyi lua "Difila dia budisuile" (kuendesha mashinyi ku tshisalu anyi ku nzubu wa basombeshi ne kufila nfungulu), bamba ne: "nebikusungile makuta" anyi "nebijikije dibanza."

Umvua malu makole a mfranga kumpala kua kufila nsapi yebe:

• Difila dia budisuile didi anu dipingaja dia bintu mu luapolo luebe lua mfranga: Didi difila luapolo kudi Equifax, Experian, ne TransUnion bu dipanga dinene dia dipepeja ("Difila dia budisuile / Dipingaja dia bintu") munkatshi mua bidimu 7, dipuekesha tshitupa tshiebe tshia mfranga pabuipi ne dikoka dia mfranga dia tshianana.
• Utshidi anu ne dibanza dia makuta onso adi mashale panyima pa disumbisha dia bintu: Difutu dimuepele didi difila dia budisuile dikusungila ndifutu dia 350 too ne ku 500 USD dia dikoka dia mashinyi. Mufidi wa makuta udi anu mua kutuma mashinyi ku tshisalu tshia basumbishi ba bintu bia bungi (muaba udi mashinyi adibu bapingaje pa tshibidilu asumbishibua ku 30 anyi 50 pa lukama muinshi mua mushinga wa tshisalu), kumbusha mushinga mukese wa tshisalu ku difutu diebe dia mfranga, kusakidila bitadi bia tshisalu, ne kukulomba anyi kukufunda bua binunu bia dolare bidi bishale (""dipanga).
• Misangu yonso keba mishindu mikuabu mimpe kumpala kua kudifila:
  1. Tangila mushinga wa mashinyi ebe udiku mpindieu mu tshitupa tshia pa nkayebe anyi tshia makuta adibu bafila diakamue (ku CarMax, Carvana, AutoNation, anyi kudi mupanyi wa muaba unudi): Bikala mashinyi ebe ne mushinga wa pabuipi anyi mupite wa difutu diudi mufute, umupane buludiludi kudi mupanyi anyi musumba wa pa nkayende bua kufuta dibanza dimpe kakuyi dipingaja dia makuta ne dipanga dia dibanza nansha dikese.
  2. Lomba mufidi wa makuta bua kufila difutu dia ngondo umua too ne ku ibidi: Bantu ba bungi badi bafila makuta a mashinyi badi ne lutatu lua tshitupa tshîpi batu banyishila bafidi ba makuta badi ne lutatu lua tshitupa tshîpi bua kuya ne makuta 1 anyi 2 adibu bapangile ku ndekelu kua tshikondo tshia dibanza bua difutu dikese dia dibandisha dia makuta, ne bidi bifikisha ku konte wa makuta diakamue.

Tshitupa 4: Mushindu kayi wa kudikuba ku "Tshilumbu tshia dipanga" tshia panyima pa disumbisha dia bintu.¶

Shi kuena ne mushindu wa kupingaja anyi kupikula mashinyi ne kualekela kuya ku tshisalu, dikuba diebe dia mikenji kadiena dijika padibu bapana mashinyi to. Mu mafuku 30 to ne ku 90 kunyima kua dipana dia bintu, mufidi wa makuta udi ne tshia kukutumina mukanda mufunda wa Diumvuija dia dibala dia tshitupa tshia makuta tshidi tshishala anyi tshidi katshiyi tshikumbane (tshidi tshilomba bilondeshile tshitupa tshia 9-616 tshia UCC).

Bikala mashinyi masumbishibue ku makuta a bungi kupita auvua ne dibanza (Surplus), mufidi wa makuta udi ne tshia kukutumina tsheke wa makuta makuabu. Misangu ya bungi, mashinyi adi asumbishibua ku tshisalu tshia bintu bia bungi ku mushinga mukese menemene kupita makuta audi musombe, adi ashiya Makuta a dipanga a 5 000 too ne ku 15 000 USD adi bafidi ba mabanza mua kukulomba anyi kukufundila ku tubadi.

Konkonona malu 5 aa adi atangila kanungu ka 9 ka UCC bua kutshimuna dilomba dia dipanga¶

Muinshi mua Uniform Commercial Code Sections 9-610 too ne 9-626, mufidi wa makuta udi anu ne bukenji bua kuangata makuta adi mashale padiye mutumikile mukenji wonso wa dimanyisha dia kumpala kua disumbisha ne muenze Disumbisha diakane mu malu a bungenda. Lama mukanda wonso udi mufidi wa makuta ukutumina ne tangila bilumbu bitanu ebi bidi mufidi wa makuta utamba kuenza:

• 1. Mufidi wa makuta uvuaku mupangile bua kutuma mukanda wa kumpala kua disumbisha "Dimanyisha dia tshitudi balongolole bua kusumba nzubu" (UCC 9-611 / 9-614) anyi? Bikala mufidi wa makuta mupane mashinyi kayi mukutumine mukanda wa dimanyisha dia kumpala kua disumbisha nansha matuku 10 kumpala kua disumbisha (anyi muwutumine ku adrese wa kale pavuabu ne adrese webe wa dipana dia mpindieu), uvua mushipe kanungu ka UCC 9.
• 2. Dimanyisha dia kumpala kua dipana divuaku ne malu onso adibu ne bua kumanyisha kudi basumbishi bilondeshile UCC 9-614 anyi? Muinshi mua UCC 9-614, dimanyisha dia kumpala kua dipana didi ne bulema mu mikenji padidi dilekela: (a) diumvuija dia muena dibanza ne dia mashinyi, (b) mushindu mulelela wa dipana dia bintu (dipana dia bantu bonso anyi dia pa nkaya), dipana dia pa nkaya (dia pa nkaya) dituku dilelela, dîba, ne muaba wa dipana dia bintu, anyi bua dipana dia pa nkayebe, dituku dilelela panyima pa mashinyi neapatuke, (d) mukanda udi uleja ne: udi ne bukenji bua kupeta dibanza diudi kuyi mufute, ne (e) nimero ya telefone ya kubikila bua kumanya bungi bulelela bua dipikula.
• 3. Mushinga wa dipana uvua mupuekele bikole anyi dipana kadivua "diakane mu malu a bungenda" (UCC 9-610)? Tshitupa tshionso tshia dipana: mushindu, mushindu, dîba, muaba, ne mêyi: bidi ne bua kuikala biakane mu malu a bungenda. Shi mufidi wa makuta mupanyishe mashinyi a mushinga wa 18,000 USD kudi muntu udi munda anyi udi kayi mumanyishibue ku 2,500 USD kayi muanji kuakonkonona anyi kuasukula, udi mua kuela mpata bua mushinga wa dipana adi.
• 4. Mufidi wa makuta uvua muvudije dipanga edi ne bitadi bidi kabiyi bilondeshila mikenji anyi mupangile bua kufila bitadi bia makuta bivuaye kayi mupete ne mupangile bua kupingaja makuta a GAP/Garantie anyi? Padi dibanza diebe dienda dikola ne dipingana dia mashinyi, tshintu tshionso tshia **Guaranteed Asset Protection (GAP) assurance, Extended Service Contract (extended warranty), anyi Credit Dibility assurance idi ne tshia kubueja mu dibanza diebe dia makuta udi mushipa ku dituku dia dipingaja dia bintu, ne pro-rata premium unearned (misangu ya bungi 800 too ne ku 2,500 USD) udi ne tshia kupingajibua bua kukepesha makuta audi musombe.
• 5. Tangila mikenji ya bidimu 4 ya UCC ya mikalu kumpala kua kufuta dibanza dia kale dia tshibutshilu: Bualu bua tshipungidi tshia dipana dia bintu tshia mashinyi tshidi "tshipungidi tshia dipana dia bintu" tshidi tshilombodibua kudi kanungu ka 2 ka meyi a bungenda mushinga (tshitupa tshia UCC 2-725), tubadi tua mu matunga a bungi a mu États-Unis tudi ne mikalu kufunda bua dipanga dia makuta a dipingaja dia bintu mu mashinyi kudi anu bidimu 4** kubangila ku dituku dia dipanga kukumbaja/dishipa dia mikenji (mu tshitupa tshîpi kupita tshikondo tshia bidimu 6 too ne ku 10 tshia mikalu ya bipungidi bifunda bia pa tshibidilu mu matunga a bungi). Kuenji nansha kakese "difuta dia ditabuja dimpe" dikese pa dibanza dia kale dia repo didi dijika, bualu kuenza nunku kudi mua kutuadija kabidi dîba dia tshikondo tshia dijika dia matuku.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Miaba mifumina¶

• Tshibambalu tshia malu a bungenda (FTC, États-Unis): Dipingaja dia mashinyi: Malu a bantu badi basumba bintu padibu babikuata, Dikuba dia bintu bia muntu nkayende, Dipikula ne Dipingaja, ne Makuta adi kaayi makumbane.
• Biro bia dikuba dia makuta a badi basumba bintu (CFPB, mu États-Unis): Malu manene a dilombola ne a dikumbaja dia mikenji adi atangila dilongolola dia mashinyi didi kadiyi diakane ne dia dishima, dipingaja dia bintu mu mushindu mubi, bitadi bia bintu bia muntu nkayende bidi kabiyi bilondeshile mikenji, ne dikuba dia bena mudimu ba mu mikenji ya diambuluisha dia bena mudimu (SCRA).
• Uniform Law Commission ne American Law Institute (ULC / ALI, United States): Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) Kanungu ka 9 Secured Transactions: Section 9-609 (Secured Party's Right to Take Possession After Default; Without Breach of the Peace), Sections 9-610 to 9-616 (Reasonablely Reasonable Reposition and American Regulatory Reposition Mamanyisha), Tshitupa tshia 9-623 (Bukenji bua kupikula tshintu tshia tshishimikidi), ne Tshitupa tshia 9-625 (Dinyanguka dia mikenji bua dibenga kutumikila).
• Tshibambalu tshia mikenji ya ditunga (NCLC, mu États-Unis): Tshikandakanda tshia dipingaja dia bintu: Mikenji ya ditunga ne ditunga idi itangila bukokeshi bua kuondopa, mikenji ya dipingaja dia bintu, dishipa dia mikenji ya ditalala, ne tshitupa tshia UCC tshia 2-725 tshia mikenji ya bidimu binayi ya mikalu.
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a mfranga ne mibelu ya bena ditunga (FCA / Citizens Advice, Royaume-Uni): Consumer Credit Act 1974 Sections 90 and 91: Repossession of Hire Purchase Vehicles, Protected Goods ("The One Third Rule"), and Private Drive Way Protections.
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a mfranga tshia mu Canada ne biro bia dikuba dia bintu bia mu provense (FCAC, Canada): Mikenji ya dikuba dia bintu bia muntu nkayende ya mu provense (PPSA), mikenji ya dikuba dia bintu bia mu Colombie-Britannique ne Alberta ya "Seize or Sue", ne mamanyisha a dipingaja dia bintu bia mu Quebec Consumer Protection Act.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Motoka mukoka anyi mukuata
• Lutatu lua tshimpitshimpi lua malu a mfranga
• Dikengesha dia bafidi ba mabanza
• Dilongolola dia makuta mu tshimpitshimpi mu tshikondo tshia dijimija dia makuta