Tshintu tshia kuenza natshi kapia mu fulu, muishi udi udilengeja nkayende, ne tshiibi tshia fulu tshikanga¶

Malu abidi a tshimpitshimpi adi akuatshisha buôwa adi akuata bena nzubu dituku dionso: tshintu tshia kuosha natshi mudilu tshidi tshipatuka mu tshimpitshimpi, tshipasuka, ne tshipatuka mu tshipepele tshitoke tshia nzembu tshidi tshifuanangane ne muendu wa soudure wa muinshi mua mâyi anyi muendu wa mu njila, ne **tshiamu tshia pygro-cycle tshidi tshienza mudimu ne luya lua bungi too ne ku 2550 degre Celsius / 800 to 930 degre Fahrenheit) udi utemesha mafuta a bungi munda mua tshina eku ukanga tshiibi tshia fulu. Mu ntatu yonso ibidi, kunzulula tshiibi tshia fulu anyi kuenza bualu bubi kudi mua kufikisha ku dibutuka dia mafuta (backdraft) anyi kukuteka mu njiwu ya nzembu ya 240 volt.

Padi tshintu tshia kuosha natshi mu fulu wa nzembu tshienda tshikola, anu kuela "Cancel / Off" pa tshiamu tshia kumpala kakuena kuimanyika kapia to, bualu pikala tshiamu tshia nichrome tshidi tshiosha tshilamakaja ku tshiamu tshia pambelu tshidi tshilamakaja panshi anyi pikala tshiamu tshia nzembu tshikanga, 120 too ne ku 240 volts ya nzembu idi itungunuka ne kubuela buludiludi mu tshilema tshisatu too ne paudi wenza tshilema ** Tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia nzembu tshia mu tshikuku** munda mua tshiamu tshinene tshia nzembu tshia nzubu webe. Bia muomumue, pikala tshikuku tshikuata kapia anyi tshipatula muishi mufike mu tshikondo tshia disukula dia tshiibi, kulama tshiibi tshikanga ne bukole bua kukosa ku tshintu tshidi tshikosa bidi bipangisha kapia ka oxygène ne bidi bienza bua tshiibi tshia munda tshipatuke nkayatshi padi tshina tshifika ku 260 too ne ku 315 degre Cel (too ne ku 600 degre Celsius).

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. KUENA mua kunzulula tshiibi tshia fulu wewa mumone lubimbi lua kapia, kapia ka nzembu, anyi muishi mufike/mufiike munda: Kulama tshiibi tshia fulu tshikole tshidi tshikanga kudi ne luya lua 500-degree Celsius (930-degree-Fahrenheit) munda mua kazubu ka kapia ka tshiamu ne kudi kujimija mafuta a lubimbi lua kapia ka oxygène. Kukoka tshiibi kudi kubueja tshimpitshimpi tshia oxygène wa mu nzubu udi wenza bua luya lua mafuta lukole lupatuke pambelu mu mpala webe ne mu bitanda bia mu tshikuku (dibutuka dia muishi / dibutuka).
2. Ndaku buludiludi ku tshitekelu tshia nzembu tshia ku nzubu kuebe ne uteke tshiamu tshia 240V "Range / Oven" tshidi ne mionji ibidi ku OFF: Kueyemenyi anu ku tshiamu tshia kumpala tshia fulu anyi ku buto bua touchpad padi tshintu tshidi tshifila kapia tshienda tshienda bu mudilu. Enda ku kazubu kebe ka tshiamu tshia nzembu ne ukudimuna tshiamu tshinene tshia 40-amp anyi 50-amp double-pole Range / Wall Oven breaker tshijima ku OFF bua kushipa nzembu yonso diakamue. (Bikalabi ne fulu wa gaz, fina Cancel/Off ne ubalulule tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi gaz kunyima kua tshitekelu tshia kapia pikalabi bikumbana kuyi ufika pa mutu pa kapia, anyi shiya tshiibi tshikanga ne ubikile bena mudimu ba kapia).
3. Kuteta nansha kakese bua kukangula tshiibi tshia fulu wa Self-Clean udi ne tshingoma, tournevis anyi bukole: Mu tshikondo tshia mudimu wa kudisukuila, tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia motere ne tshikunji tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku bidi bikuata tshiibi dîba dionso didi luya lua munda lupita 260 too ne ku 31555 degrés Cel (6000 degre Cel) Fahrenheit). Kuenzeja tshiibi kudi kutshibula tshiibi tshia munda bua kashidi, kutshibula dididishi dia makala, ne kupatula kapia ka muishi wa mafuta udi udienzeja nkayawu.
4. Umbusha nyunyi ya mu nzubu diakamue ne kangula madidishi bua kupatula kapepe ka monoxide de carbone ne muishi wa pyrolyse: Bienzedi bia kudilengeja ne kapia kakole bidi bipatuisha carbon monoxide (\(\text{CO}\)), acrolein, ne PTFE/fluoropolymer fumes bia bungi bidi bifumina ku bintu bia mu fulu anyi bia mu tshisuku bidi bishipa nyunyi mu minite 1000 pa lukama njiwu kudi bantu badi ne disama dia tshiadi, bana batekete, ne bantu badi ne difu.
5. Bikila 911 / 112 / 999 diakamue pikala kapia anyi muishi upatuka pabuipi ne tshiibi tshia fulu, kunyima kua tshioshelu, anyi mu bibambalu bia kuulu: Shi kapia kakayi kamueneka munda mua kazubu kakanga munda mua minite 2 anyi 3 kunyima kua dishipa dia tshiamu tshia nzembu, anyi pikala muishi ufuma ku tshimanu tshia tshiamu tshionso, enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshionso pambelu ne ubikile nimero ya njiwu ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne Canada, 112 mu UE, 999 mu Grande-Bretagne; tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi).
6. Lekela fulu udi udisukuila nkayende anyi tshintu tshidi tshifila kapia ka mu tshiibi tshikale tshikole mu minite 60 to ne ku 90 kumpala kua kunzulula tshiibi: Padi tshiamu tshia kujika natshi kapia tshijima (anyi wewe muele Cancel/Off pa tshikondo tshia kudisukula), bidi bilomba minite 30 too ne ku 90 bua luya lua mu tshina tshia fulu lupueke muinshi mua tshipiminu tshia bukubi tshia 26°C (50°F) muaba udi tshiibi tshia tshiibi tshidi ne mashinyi tshiunzuluka nkayatshi.

flowchart TD
    A["Tshilumbu tshia tshimpitshimpi tshia mu tshikuku: Midilu mikole, muishi, anyi kapia kadi kajika nkayaku"] --> B["MUKENDE #1: Lama tshiibi tshia fulu tshikanga bikole (kukangula tshiibi kudi kuenza bua tshipepele tshikole)"]
    B --> C["Ndaku diakamue ku tshiamu tshinene tshia nzembu ne uteke 240V 'Range / Oven' Breaker bua kujima"]
    C --> D{"Mbualu kayi bua tshimpitshimpi budi buenzeka?"}
    D -- "Blowtorch mutoke/orange udi ufila kapia pa tshintu tshidi tshifila kapia" --> E["Arcing udi wimana diakamue padi 240V Breaker mujika (nansha shi Touchpad Cancel kayi mupangile)"]
    E --> F["Bindile minite 60 bua tshintu tshifike ku mashika, pashishe tangila tshiamu tshia Calrod tshidi ne mputa/tshitapuluke ne upingaje tshintu tshikuabu"]
    D -- "Muishi mukole anyi lubimbi lua kapia mu tshikondo tshia kudilengeja" --> G["Fina Cancel/Off (anyi Flip Breaker) ne Kokukosa tshiibi tshia tshiibi tshikanga ku bukole to"]
    G --> H{"Lubimbi ludi lupatuka ku tshiibi tshia tshiibi anyi kunyima kua tshiibi anyi?"}
    H -- "Eyowa" --> I["Patuka mu nzubu diakamue, kanga tshiibi tshia tshikuku, ne ubikile 911 / 112 / 999"]
    H -- "Tòo: Bidi munda mua tshina tshia fulu tshikanga" --> J["Umbusha nyunyi ya mu nzubu, enza luya mu madidishi, ne ikala pabuipi ne tshiamu tshia kujima natshi kapia tshia mulongo wa B/K anyi ABC"]
    J --> K["Bindile minite 45 too ne ku 90 bua tshina tshikale tshikole muinshi mua 260°C (500°F) too ne padi tshiibi tshiunzuluka nkayatshi"]

Tshitupa 1: Tshintu tshia kuosha natshi fulu wa nzembu tshidi tshinyanguka ne tshioshelu tshidi tshinyanguka¶

Malu makese a mu nzubu adi anyanguka adi amueneka bu a tshikisu kupita fulu wa nzembu wa tshiamu tshia nzembu anyi tshintu tshia kuosha tshidi tshinyanguka munkatshi mua dilamba. Kakuyi didimuija, kapia ka bule-mutoke anyi ka orange kadi kafiika mêsu kadi kapatuka pa tshitupa tshimue tshia tshiamu tshifiike tshia tshiamu tshia kapia, tshienda pamue ne mutoyi mukole wa nzembu, mutoyi wa nzembu anyi mutoyi wa nzembu. Mu tusunsa 10 to ne ku 60, tshitupa etshi tshidi tshiosha bu tshiamu tshia magnésium anyi bu tshiamu tshia oxy-acetylene paditshi tshienda tshinyanguka mu tshitupa tshia 2-centimètre tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku kumpala kua ndekelu wa bionso kuosha tshitupa tshinene tshidi tshikumbane bua kutshibula tshijengu.

Bua tshinyi bintu bia mu fulu wa nzembu bidi binyanguka mu tshimpitshimpi ne binyanguka bu muendu wa kapia¶

Tshintu tshionso tshia mu fulu wa nzembu (tshidibu babikila misangu ya bungi ne: tshintu tshia Calrod) tshidi ne bitupa bisatu bidi bipetangana:

1. Mutshima wa munkatshi: Tshiamu tshia nichrome (nickel-chromium) tshidi ne 240 volts AC (tshikoka 2,000 too ne ku 4,000 watts) ne tshidi tshikenka munda.
2. Tshitupa tshia dikuba: magnesium oxide (\(\text{MgO}\)) tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshibuikila bimpe tshidi tshinyunguluka tshiamu tshia mitaku, tshidi tshilombola kapia pambelu eku tshikuba tshiamu tshia 240-volt tshidi tshipatuka ku tshiamu tshia pambelu.
3. Tshiamu tshia pambelu tshia tshiamu: Tshiamu tshia pambelu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi tshia Incoloy tshiudi umona munda mua fulu.

Mu bidimu bia bungi bia dienza dia kapia ne mashika, anyi padi biakudia bidi ne aside (mutoyi wa tomate, tshintu tshia kuela mu mampa a bimuma, mukele anyi bintu bia sukadi) bipueka pa tshintu ne bibueja tshiamu, anyi padibu bateka tshiamu tshia aluminium buludiludi pa tshitekelu tshia kuinshi, tshitupa tshia nsuki tshidi tshipatuka anyi tshipupu tshidi tshipatuka mu tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia pambelu. Padi luya anyi kapepe bibuela mu tshitupa, anyi tshibombi tshia nichrome tshia munda tshidi tshivula ne tshilenga tshilamba tshia pambelu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi panshi, mufue muipi wa panshi (240V/120V arc fault) udi wenzeka. Tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshipatuka tshidi tshifika ku luya lua pa mutu pa 2,500 degre Celsius (4,500 degre Fahrenheit), diakamue tshienza bua tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshilue tshipepele tshikole.

Bua tshinyi kufina "Off / Cancel" pa tshioshelu imue misangu kakuena kuimanyika tshintu tshidi tshienda tshikola to¶

Mu biamu bia nzembu bia 240-volt bia mu Amerike wa ku Nord ne bia ku bimanu, tshintu tshidi tshifila kapia tshidi tshifila kudi maulu abidi a 120-volt (L1 ne L2). Bua kulama mushinga wa dienza, biamu bia mudimu bia bungi bia fulu bia nzembu bidi anu bishintulula umue wa ku maulu abidi a 120-volt (L2) wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia nzembu paudi ufina Cancel/Off, ushiya dikasa dikuabu dia 120-volt (L1) udi ne bukole bua kashidi pikala tshioshelu tshibueja mu nzembu.

• Mu tshikondo tshia mudimu wa pa tshibidilu, diunzulula dikasa dimue didi diimanyika dienda dia nzembu mu tshiamu tshia bobine.
• Kadi, padi tshintu tshipatuka ne tshipita buludiludi ku tshiamu tshia pambelu tshidi panshi, mudilu udi ufuma ku tshintu tshidi ne muoyo kashidi L1 dikasa dilulame mu tshiamu tshia fulu, mbuena kuamba ne: tshintu tshidi mua kutungunuka ne kuenza mudimu ne kuosha nansha wewe mumane kufina "Cancel / Off" pa tshiamu tshia fulu, anyi bikala luya lukole lukanga biamu bia tshiamu tshia kulombola nabi mudilu.
• Mushindu umuapele wa 100% wa kuimanyika tshiamu tshia fulu tshidi tshienda tshikola diakamue nkukudimuna tshiamu tshia 240-volt Range/Oven circuit breaker ku OFF ku tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia ku nzubu kuebe.

Tshitupa 2: Muishi wa fulu udi udisukula nkayende, kapia, ne biibi bikanga¶

Ma fulu a pyrolytic a kudisukuila nkayawu adi enza mudimu pa kukanga tshiibi tshia fulu ne kuosha tshina tshia munda too ne ku luya lukole lua fulu, pankatshi pa 425 ne 500 degre Celsius (800 ne 930 degre Fahrenheit) munkatshi mua mêba 2 too ne ku 5, bua kuosha biakudia bikuate ne mafuta mu tshibungubungu tshikese tshia bintu bitoke. Bu mudi luya lua mafuta a bungi a kutekela, mafuta a nyama ne manteka ludi pankatshi pa 340 ne 425 degre Celsius (644 ne 797 degre Fahrenheit), tshitupa tshionso tshinene tshia mafuta a nyama wa ngulube tshidibu bapue muoyo, mafuta a mu tshilongo tshia kuosha natshi, anyi tshitekelu tshia fulu anyi tshilamba tshidi tshishala munda mua fulu netshibutuke diakamue lubimbi** munkatshi mua tshikondo tshia kudilengeja.

Bua tshinyi kuena ne bua kukangula tshiibi tshia fulu tshikanga ku bukole padi kapia ka kudisukula to¶

Padi bena nzubu bamona lubimbi lua kapia lua orange luenda lutema panyima pa dididishi dia fulu anyi muishi mufiike upatuka mu tshiibi tshia fulu tshidi pa mutu pa tshioshelu tshia panyima padibu badisukula, lungenyi luabu ludi lua kukoka tshiibi tshia fulu, ne padibu bamona ne: tshiibi ntshikanga, kuangata tournevis anyi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi bua kukangula tshiibi bua bobu kumona mua kupatula kapia anyi kapia kakole. Kuenza nunku ke tshintu tshia kumpala tshidi tshikebesha kapia ka mu tshikuku ne kapia kakole ka mpala padibu kabayi benza mudimu bimpe:

1. Kazubu ka fulu kadi kalongolola bu tshilaminu tshia kapia: Furu mukanga udi udisukula nkayende udi ne bimanu bibidi bia tshiamu tshia fibre de verre tshikole ne tshiamu tshia fibre de verre tshidibu basuike tshinyunguluke tshiibi tshienza bua kuikala ne luya lua 500°C (930°F) bimpe munda mua kazubu ka tshiamu. Padi tshiibi tshishala tshikanga ne tshikanga, mafuta adi atema adi adia lukasa oxygène mukese udi munda mua tshina tshikese ne adi ajika nkayawu mu kapia kadi kakenka.
2. Njiwu ya dibutuka dia Backdraft / Flashover: Munda mua fulu mukanga wa 480°C (900°F), luya lua mafuta lukole ludi kaluyi luosha ludi lutemeshibua bimpe kupita muaba udilu lua kudienzela kapia, bindile anu oxygène. Shi udi mufika ku diunzulula tshiibi, lupepele lua mu nzubu ludi lubuela mu tshimpitshimpi ludi lusambakana ne luya lua kapia lukole ne ludi luenza mutoyi wa kapia udi upatuka mu tshiibi tshia fulu mutantshi wa metre 1 too ne ku 2 (maboko 3 anyi 6) mu mpala webe, mu bilamba biebe ne mu bibombi bia mu tshikuku bidi pa mutu.
3. Dinyanguka dia kashidi dia tshiibi tshia tshiibi: Kuenzeja tshiibi tshia tshiibi tshidi ne motere tshidi tshikosa tshiamu tshia munda ne tshitshibula biamu bikese bidi pa tshiibi tshia tshiibi, tshishiya fulu webe mulamate kashidi mu tshintu F9 / F5 / Door Lock Error ditunga didi dilomba dolare nkama ne nkama bua kulongolola.

flowchart TD
    A["Tshiibi tshia fulu tshidi tshikanga panyima pa dienza dia mudimu anyi dijika dia nzembu"] --> B{"Furu udi anu ne kapia (>260°C / 500°F) anyi udi wenda ufuma?"}
    B -- "Eyowa: Utshidi anu ne kapia anyi udi unua makanya" --> C["KUENZEJI tshintu tshia kukuata natshi: Fina pa 'Cancel / Off' ne windile minite 45 too ne ku 90 bua Thermal Lock kujika"]
    B -- "Tòo: Fulu udi ne mashika onso padibu bamulenga" --> D["Tshitupa 1: Fina ne kulama butone bua 'Cancel / Off' anyi 'Clear' mu tusunsa 5"]
    D --> E{"Tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mashinyi tshivuaku tshiunzulula anyi?"}
    E -- "Eyowa" --> F["Kangula tshiibi, ukupula lupuishi lutoke ne tshilamba tshitoke, ne tangila tshiibi tshia tshiibi"]
    E -- "Tòo: Utshidi anu mukanga padi mashika" --> G["Tshitupa 2: Dipingaja dia nzembu mikole: Ujime tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia fulu mu minite 5 mijima, pashishe upingaje"]
    G --> H{"Power Reset Trigger Latch Motor bua Cycle Open anyi?"}
    H -- "Eyowa" --> F
    H -- "To" --> I["Tshitupa 3: Enza mudimu muipi wa minite 15 wa kudilengeja, pashishe fina 'Cancel' ne windile minite 30 bua kupingaja kamera"]
    I --> J{"Utshidi anu mukanga (Anyi udi uleja F9 / Latch Error Code)?"}
    J -- "Eyowa" --> K["Tshitupa 4: Jima tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi bintu ne wenze mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bilamba / tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu muinshi mua tshitupa tshia kuulu bua kuela tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi"]

Tshitupa ku tshitupa: Mushindu kayi wa kukangula tshiibi tshia fulu tshidi tshikanga bimpe PANYIMA pa fulu mumane kuikala mashika¶

Paudi ujima tshiamu tshia kudilengeja natshi (anyi muele tshintu tshidi tshikosa mu tshikondo tshia muishi) ne muindile minite 60 too ne ku 90 too ne padi dikalashi dia kumpala ne tshiamu tshia fulu bikale bipepele bua kubilenga, tshiibi tshia tshiibi tshidi ne bua kupatuka nkayatshi. Shi fulu udi ne mashika bu dibue ne tshiibi tshidi anu tshikanga, londa malu 4 aa adi kaayi mua kunyanga bintu mu bulongame:

Tshitupa 1: Kumbusha tshikondo tshia dilombola dia tshiamu tshia nzembu¶

Pa biamu bia bungi bia whirlpool, GE, Frigidaire, Bosch, Samsung, ne LG, pikala nzembu mimane anyi tshiamu tshia nzembu tshijima pavua tshiibi tshikanga, ordinatere udi windila dîyi dia dishipa dia nzembu padi nzembu mupingane. - Ikala mushindike ne: tshiamu tshia kukanga nabi fulu tshidi ON, fina Cancel / Off (anyi ikala ne Clear/Off munkatshi mua sekonde 3 anyi 5 muaba udibu baleje kudi tshimanyinu tshikese tshia tshikunji pa tshiamu tshia kulenga natshi), ne teleja bimpe bua mutoyi wa motere wa sekonde 4 udi ulonda kudi click wa tshiamu padi tshikunji tshikoka.

Tshitupa 2: Enza 5-minute Hard Power Reset ku Breaker¶

Shi microprocesseur wa tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi mudimu mufue bua luya anyi bua mudilu: - Enda ku tshiamu tshieba tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu ne ujime tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia Range / Oven. - Bindile minite 5 (kulekela biamu bionso bia mudimu bidi pa tshiamu tshia nzembu bua kupatuka bionso). - Pingaja tshiamu tshia kutshibula natshi ON. Pa fulu ya bungi ya matuku etu aa, tshiamu tshia kudienzeja natshi tshidi tshipingaja tshiibi tshia tshiibi tshidi ne motere muaba uvuatshi tshiunzulula mu masekonde 30 a dipingaja dia nzembu.

Tshitupa 3: Tuadija tshikondo tshipiatshipia tshia kudilengeja mu tusunsa 60, pashishe fina Cancel¶

Shi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi tshia motere tshiimane munkatshi mua njila kayi tshienza mudimu pamue: - Tuadija tshikondo tshipiatshipia tshia Kudilengeja ne lekela tshiamu tshia tshiibi tshienda tshinyunguluka munkatshi mua sekonde 60 too ne padi LOCKED butoke budi bukenka bikole (kulekedi fulu utema to). - Fina pa Kulekela / Kujika diakamue. Bindile minite 2 to ne ku 5 bua motere ajikije dishintuluka diende dijima dia diunzulula.

Tshitupa 4: Dipatula dia mashinyi ku bianza (Bua fulu ya mashika idi ne motere wa tshiibi anyi fuse wa kapia udi munyanguke)¶

Shi tshienzedi tshia kudilengeja tshivua tshibutula fuse / thermostat wa fulu kunyima kua tshina (dipanga dia pa tshibidilu didi dishiya tshimuenenu tshifua anyi dipangisha motere wa tshiibi bua kuenza mudimu): - Kudimuna tshiamu tshia Range / Oven ku OFF. - Temesha muendu mutoke mu tshitupa tshikese tshidi pankatshi pa tshitupa tshia kuulu tshia tshiibi tshia fulu ne mushiku wa kuinshi wa tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi mudimu (anyi ubandishe tshiamu tshia kutekela natshi tshia porcelaine kakese pa biamu bia kale bidi bimane nkayabi). - Keba tshiamu tshikese tshia tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi tshidi tshikuata tshitupa tshia tshijengu tshidi ku mutu kua tshiibi tshia fulu. - Ela tshiamu tshia nshinga tshikole tshidi tshikoseka mu tshibombi tshikese (anyi muele mutekete wa putty) mu tshitupa, ela bitekete bitekete tshingoma tshidi ne ressort anyi tshidi ne motere 1,5 centimètres (0,5 inches) ku dia bakaji anyi ku dia balume (bilondeshile mudi tshibombi tshitangile), ne koka tshiibi tshia fulu paudi ulama tshingoma tshiunzulula.

Tshitupa 3: Mushindu kayi wa kupingaja tshintu tshia kuosha natshi mu fulu wa nzembu tshidi tshiosha wewe nkayebe¶

Shi tshiamu tshieba tshia kuosha natshi mudilu tshidi tshikoseka, tshibutuka, anyi tshipanduluke mu bitupa bibidi, ne katshiyi tshiosha tshiamu tshia kunyima, kupingaja tshiamu etshi ntshimue tshia ku bintu bipepele, bidi kabiyi ne njiwu mu minite 15 ya kulongolola nzubu, anu wewe mulonde mikenji mikole ya dikanga dia nzembu:

1. Tangila tshiamu tshia 240V Range / Oven circuit breaker ku OFF ne ujadike ne tshiamu tshia non-contact voltage tester: Kueyemenyi nansha kakese pa tshiamu tshia fulu to. Jima tshiamu tshia mitaku ibidi ku tshiamu tshinene ne ujingulule ni tshiamu tshia fulu ne butoke bua munda mbifue bionso.
2. Umbusha bitekelu bia fulu ne unzulula bipese bibidi bia tshitekelu: Padi tshintu tshidi tshinyanguke tshikale tshikole, temesha muendu ku tshimanu tshia panyima pa fulu muaba udi maulu abidi a tshintu atshi abuela mu tshimanu tshia panyima. Umbusha bipese bibidi bia tshitupa tshia inch (6 mm) tshia hex anyi biamu bia Phillips bidi bikuate tshiamu tshia kuela nabi bintu ku tshimanu tshia panyima.
3. Koka tshintu etshi bitekete bitekete kumpala 5 too ne ku 8 santimetre (2 too ne ku 3 inches) ne ela nshinga bua kayiyi mua kubuela munda mua tshimanu:
4. Koka tshintu etshi bitekete bitekete too ne padi mionji ibidi milamakaja ku bipese biatshi bia panyima imueneka kupitshila mu mabulu adi mu tshimanu tshia panyima.
5. MUSHINDU WA MUSHINDU WA KUENZA: Kumpala kua kukoka biamu bia kulamakaja nabi bintu bia kale, ela tshiamu tshia kukanga nabi (Vise-Grips), tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi bilamba, anyi tshitupa tshia tshilamba tshia kupenta natshi pa tshiamu tshionso pambelu pa tshina. Tshilamba tshia fibre de verre tshidi panyima pa tshimanu tshia fulu tshidi tshikoka panyima bu tshintu tshidi tshipatuka; Wewe mulekele tshiamu tshidi katshiyi tshikanga ne tshidi tshipingana munda mua tshina tshikese tshia mu tshimanu tshia panyima pa fulu, udi ne bua kukoka tshioshelu tshijima tshikole ku tshimanu ne kumbusha tshilamba tshia panyima tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku bua kupingaja tshiamu.
6. Tangila bipese bia nshinga ya tshiamu: Shi tshiamu tshia ku ndekelu kua nshinga wa fulu tshikenkesha ne tshikole, utshiteke bikole pa tshiamu tshipiatshipia tshia kupingana natshi. Shi tshiamu tshia kulamakaja natshi tshia nzembu tshivua tshiosha, tshifiike, anyi tshipatuke ku tshiamu tshia nzembu, ukose tshitupa tshidi tshiosha ne tshikuate pa tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia nickel-plated tshia luya lua bungi (kuena ne bua kuenza mudimu ne biamu bia nzembu bia mu mashinyi anyi tshilamba tshia nzembu munda mua tshimanu tshia fulu to, bualu netshinyanguke ne tshikuate kapia ku 230°C /F40°C).
7. Ela tshintu tshipiatshipia pa muaba watshi ne upingaje tshiamu tshia kutshibula natshi mudimu: Upingaje bitekete bitekete mu mabulu a panyima, uteke biamu bibidi bia kukanga nabi, upingaje biamu bia kukanga nabi bintu, ne upingaje bukole ku tshiamu tshia kutshibula natshi bintu. Umanye ne: tshintu tshipiatshipia tshia kuenza natshi kapia netshipatule mupuya mutekete wa mafuta a mu tshiapu ne muishi mukese mu minite 10 ya kumpala ya kapia padi tshilamba tshia kukuba natshi bintu tshienda tshijika.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Miaba mifumina¶

• Tshibambalu tshia kapia tshia mu États-Unis (USFA / FEMA, États-Unis) ne tshisumbu tshia dikuba dia kapia tshia mu ditunga (NFPA): Dikuba dia kapia mu dilamba: Kapia ka mu fulu, njiwu ya tshikondo tshia kudisukula, ne mikenji ya dikuba dia biamu bia nzembu.
• Tshibambalu tshia bukubi bua bintu bia bantu badi basumba (CPSC, États-Unis): Mikenji ya bukubi bua tshiamu tshia nzembu ne tshiamu tshia ku tshimanu (UL 858), tshiamu tshia kapia tshidi tshinyanguka panshi, ne malu adibu balomba bua kukanga tshiibi tshidi tshisukula nkayatshi.
• Underwriters Laboratories (UL Standards & Engagement, United States / International): UL 858 Standard for Household Electric Ranges: Pyrolytic Self-Cleaning Temperature Limits and Motorized Latch Interlocks.
• Dikuba dia nzembu dia kumpala (Royaume-Uni): Dikuba dia nzembu dia tshiamu tshia kulamba natshi ne tshia fulu: Kutapulula bintu bidi bienza mudimu bibi ku tshiamu tshia mudilu / ku tshiamu tshia dishipa dia nzembu.
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL Indoor Environment Group, United States): Bintu bidi binyanga kapepe ka mu nzubu bidi bipatuka mu tshikondo tshia dilengeja dia fulu (Carbon Monoxide, Acrolein, ne Ultrafine Particulates).
• Tshipangu tshia balombodi ba kapia ka ditunga (NFCC, Royaume-Uni): Dikanda dia kapia mu tshikuku ne mu fulu: Bua tshinyi kunzulula tshiibi tshia fulu tshidi ne kapia kakole kudi kufikisha ku kapia.

Bikala muntu mupuya muishi wa fulu ne upeta disama dia mupuya, dipanga dia mupuya, disama dia tshiadi, anyi disama dia mu tshiadi, ndaku diakamue kudi munganga. Ela meji bua kujikija dilonga dia diambuluisha dia kumpala ne dia bukubi bua kapia ku diambuluisha dia Croix-Rouge anyi dia midimu ya lukasa lukasa ya muaba unudi.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Midilu ya mu tshikuku
• Kapia ka tshiamu
• Midilu ya nzembu ne nzembu
• Diambuluisha dia kumpala dia kupuya muishi