Harabar wutar lantarki, hayaki mai tsafta da kai, da ƙofar tanda¶

Abubuwan gaggawa na tanda guda biyu masu ban tsoro suna kama masu gida a kullun: ** gasa na lantarki ko kayan dumama wanda ke taso ba zato ba tsammani, ya fashe, kuma ya fashe a cikin makantar wutar lantarki mai farin-orange mai kama da fitilar walda ta karkashin ruwa ko walƙiyar hanya, da ** babban zafin jiki na pyrolytic mai tsabtace kai zuwa 0 ° C. Fahrenheit 930) wanda ke kunna maiko mai nauyi a cikin rami yayin da ** kulle ƙofar tanda ta injina . A cikin abubuwan gaggawa guda biyu, buɗe ƙofar tanda ko yin tafiya mara kyau na iya haifar da fashewar maiko mai walƙiya ( backdraft*) ko kuma fallasa ku ga girgizar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin volt 240.

Lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wutar lantarki ta kunna wutar lantarki, kawai danna "Cancel / Off" akan allon taɓawa na gaba ba koyaushe yana dakatar da walƙiya ba, saboda idan wayar nichrome ta ƙonawa ta haɗu da kullin ƙarfe na waje ko kuma idan relay na allo ya rufe, 120 zuwa 240 volts na wutar lantarki yana ci gaba da gudana kai tsaye a cikin ramin wutar lantarki. a cikin babban rukunin wutar lantarki na gidanku. Hakazalika, idan tanda ta kama wuta ko ta busa hayaki a lokacin kulle-kullen sake zagayowar kai, kiyaye ƙofar a rufe da yanke wuta a wurin mai karyawa yana kashe wutar iskar oxygen kuma yana ba da damar kulle zafin jiki na ciki ta saki ta atomatik da zarar rami ya huce ƙasa da digiri 260 zuwa 315 Celsius (500 zuwa 600 digiri Fahrenheit).

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. KADA KA taɓa buɗe ƙofar tanda idan ka ga wuta, tartsatsin wutar lantarki mai makanta, ko hayaƙi mai kauri / launin ruwan kasa a ciki: Tsayawa mai nauyi, rufe ƙofar tanda ya ƙunshi yanayin zafi 500-digiri-Fahrenheit (930-Fahrenheit) a cikin akwatin wuta na ƙarfe da yunwar wuta mai iskar oxygen. Bude kofa yana gabatar da guguwar iskar oxygen na dakin da ke haifar da tururi mai zafi mai zafi ya fashe a waje zuwa fuskarka da kabad ɗin kicin (** fashewar hayaki / flashover**).
2. ** Jeka kai tsaye zuwa babban sashin wutar lantarki na gidan ku kuma juya 240V "Range / Oven" mai jujjuya sandar sanda biyu zuwa KASHE ***: Kada ku dogara kawai akan maɓallin gaban tanda ko maɓallin taɓawa yayin da kayan dumama ke harba kamar wuta. Yi tafiya zuwa akwatin mai watsewar wutar lantarki kuma juya babban ** 40-amp ko 50-amp biyu-pole Range / bangon murhun bango ** gaba daya zuwa ** KASHE *** don kashe duk wutar lantarki nan take. (Idan tanda gas ce, danna Cancel/A kashe kuma kunna bawul ɗin kashe gas ɗin hannu a bayan kewayon idan ana iya samun dama ba tare da kai kan wuta ba, ko barin rufe kofa kuma kira sashin kashe gobara).
3. **Kada ku taɓa ƙoƙarin buɗe ƙofar tanda mai kulle-kulle tare da maƙarƙashiya, screwdriver, ko ƙarfi ***: Yayin sake zagayowar tsaftar kai, latch ɗin ƙarfe mai motsi da makullin zafin jiki na injin bi-metallic suna kiyaye ƙofar a duk lokacin da yanayin zafi na ciki ya wuce **260 zuwa 315 digiri Celsius (500 zuwa 600 digiri Fahrenheit)*. Tilasta latch ɗin yana ɗaukar sandar kulle na ciki har abada, yana wargaza taga gilashin mai zafin rai, kuma yana buɗe ƙwallon wuta na hayaƙin mai mai kunnawa.
4. **Fitar da tsuntsayen dabbobi nan da nan kuma buɗe tagogi don shakar carbon monoxide da hayakin pyrolysis *: Zazzabi mai zafi mai tsafta yana fitar da mahimmanci ** carbon monoxide (\(\ rubutu {CO}\)), acrolein, da ** PTFE/fluoropolymer tururi ** daga tanda liners ko enamel coatings da ke da hatsarin kashi 100 cikin 100 na mutane a cikin minti 100. jarirai, da masu juna biyu.
5. Kira 911 / 112 / 999 nan da nan idan wuta ko hayaki yana turawa a kusa da gasat ɗin tanda, a bayan murhu, ko cikin manyan ɗakunan ajiya **: Idan wuta ba a bayyane take mutuwa a cikin akwatin da aka rufe a cikin mintuna 2 zuwa 3 bayan ta da mai watsewa, ko kuma idan hayaki yana zubo daga bangon baya bayan na'urar, kira lambar gaggawa ta Kanada a waje da na'urar. 112 a cikin EU, 999 a Burtaniya duba lambobin gaggawa).
6. **Ba da damar tanda mai tsaftar da kan ta shan taba ko kayan dumama don yin sanyi gabaɗaya na mintuna 60 zuwa 90 kafin buɗe ƙofar **: Da zarar mai karyawa ya kashe (ko kun danna Cancel / Kashe akan sake zagayowar kai), yana ɗaukar mintuna 30 zuwa 90 ** don zafin zafin tanda ya faɗi ƙasa da 260 ° C (kulle 500 ° F) ta atomatik.

flowchart TD
    A["Gaggawa ta Tanda: Hasken Wuta, Hayaki, ko Kulle Wuta mai Tsaftace Kai"] --> B["MULKI #1: Kiyaye Ƙofar Tanderu a Rufe sosai (Masu Ƙofar Buɗewa)"]
    B --> C["Jeka Nan da nan zuwa Babban Kwamitin Lantarki & Juya 240V 'Range / Oven' breaker zuwa KASHE"]
    C --> D{"Wane Irin Gaggawa Ke Faruwa?"}
    D -- "Makãho Fari / Orange Blowtorch Tartsatsi a kan Dumama Element" --> E["Arcing Yana Tsayawa Nan take Da zarar 240V Breaker Ya Kashe (Ko da Taɓallin taɓawa ya gaza)"]
    E --> F["Jira Minti 60 Don Abun Ya Yi Sanyi, Sannan Duba Blistered/Raba Calrod Tube & Maye gurbin Abun"]
    D -- "Hayaƙi mai kauri ko harshen wuta yayin zagayowar Tsaftace Kai da Kulle" --> G["Latsa Soke/Kashe (ko Juya Mai karyawa) & Karɓa Kulle Ƙofa da Ƙarfi"]
    G --> H{"Ko Harshen Wuta Yana Gusa Gasket ɗin Ƙofar Da Ta Gabata Ko Daga Bayan Range?"}
    H -- "Ee" --> I["Kashe Gidan Nan da nan, Rufe Ƙofar Kitchen, kuma Kira 911/112/999"]
    H -- "A'a: Kunshe Cikin Kogon Tanderu Mai Rufe" --> J["Fitar da Tsuntsayen Dabbobin Dabbobin Dabbobin Dabbobin Dabbobi, Sanya iska mai iska, & Tsaya Tare da Class B/K ko ABC Extinguisher"]
    J --> K["Jira Minti 45 zuwa 90 don Kogon Ya yi sanyi ƙasa da 260°C (500°F) Har sai Ƙofa ya buɗe ta atomatik"]

Kashi na 1: Tanda mai dumama wutar lantarki da rashin ƙarfi¶

Kadan gazawar kayan aikin gida sun fi yin tashin hankali fiye da gasa tanda na lantarki ko abin da ke gaza tsakiyar gasa. Ba tare da faɗakarwa ba, wani tartsatsin lemu mai launin shuɗi-fari ko makauniyar tartsatsi ya barke a wani sashe na sandar dumama ƙarfe mai duhu, tare da ƙarar ƙarar wutar lantarki, ƙyalli, ko ƙara. Tsawon dakika 10 zuwa 60, wurin yana konewa kamar fitilar hanyar magnesium ko fitilar walda ta oxy-acetylene yayin da take narkewa ta wani yanki mai tsawon santimita 2 na bututun karfe kafin daga bisani ya kona tazarar da ya isa ya karya kewaye.

Me yasa abubuwan tanda na lantarki ba zato ba tsammani su narke kamar wuta¶

Kowane nau'in tanda na lantarki (sau da yawa ana kiransa ** Calrod element **) ya ƙunshi yadudduka masu tattarawa guda uku:

1. **Cibiyar Cibiyar *: Naƙuda ** nichrome (nickel-chromium) waya juriya wacce ke ɗaukar 240 volts AC ( zana 2,000 zuwa 4,000 watts) kuma tana haskaka ja-zafi a ciki.
2. Layin Insulating: Cike da kyau **magnesium oxide (\(\rubutu{MgO}\)) yumbu foda *** kewaye da murɗaɗɗen waya, wanda ke gudanar da zafi a waje yayin da ta hanyar wutan lantarki ke toshe wayan 240-volt mai rai daga bututun waje.
3. Sheath Outer Metal: Bakin karfe ko Incoloy na waje bututu wanda kuke gani a cikin tanda.

Tsawon shekaru na zagayowar zagayawa da sanyaya, ko lokacin da abinci mai acidic ya zubo (tumatir miya, cikawar 'ya'yan itace, gishiri, ko marinades masu daɗi) suna digo a kan kashi kuma a ramin ƙarfe, ko foil ɗin alumini an sanya shi kai tsaye a kan tarkacen ƙasa, tsattsage gashin gashi ko blister yana tasowa a cikin kullin karfe na waje. Da zarar danshi ko iska ya shiga cikin fashe, ko coil na nichrome na ciki ya faɗaɗa ya taɓa kullin ƙarfe na waje, a ** matattu gajere-zuwa ƙasa (240V/120V arc fault*** yana faruwa. Sakamakon wutar lantarki ya kai yanayin zafi sama da digiri Celsius 2,500 (digiri 4,500 Fahrenheit)**, nan take ta zubar da kullin bakin karfe cikin shawa na narkakkar tartsatsin wuta.

Me yasa latsa "Kashe / Soke" akan murhu wani lokacin baya dakatar da wani abu mai kisa¶

A mafi yawan zamani na 240-volt na Arewacin Amurka da tanda na bango, ana ciyar da kayan dumama ta ƙafafu masu zafi 120-volt guda biyu (L1 kuma L2). Don adana farashin masana'anta, yawancin allon sarrafa tanda na lantarki kawai suna canzawa ** ɗaya *** na ƙafafu 120-volt guda biyu (L2) ta amfani da gudun ba da sanda lokacin da ka danna Cancel/A kashe, barin sauran ƙafar 120-volt (L1) ana samun kuzari na dindindin muddin aka toshe murhu a ciki.

• Yayin aiki na yau da kullun, buɗe ƙafa ɗaya yana dakatar da kwarara ta cikin nada.
• Duk da haka, lokacin da wani abu ya fashe da guntun wando kai tsaye zuwa kwandon karfensa na waje, wutar lantarki na gudana daga rayuwa ta dindindin. L1 Kafa kai tsaye zuwa cikin chassis na ƙarfe na ƙarfe, ma'ana ** kashi na iya ci gaba da harbawa da konewa ko da bayan kun danna "Cancel / Off" a kan tanda **, ko kuma idan karuwar ta kunna lambobin sadarwa na gasa gasa ta rufe.
• ** Hanya guda 100 kawai da aka ba da tabbacin dakatar da abin da ake kunna wuta nan da nan ita ce a jujjuya na'urar keɓewar tanda 240-volt zuwa KASHE a rukunin wutar lantarki na gidan ku.**

Sashe na 2: Tsaftace Kai Haƙƙin tanda, gobara, da kulle-kulle na gaggawa¶

Pyrolytic ** tanda mai tsabtace kai *** yana aiki ta hanyar kulle ƙofar tanda da dumama rami na ciki zuwa matsanancin zafin wuta, tsakanin * 425 da 500 digiri Celsius (Fahrenheit 800 da 930 Fahrenheit)** na sa'o'i 2 zuwa 5, don ƙona gasa-kan abinci da maiko a cikin ɗan ƙaramin farin. Domin zafin wutar lantarki ta atomatik na yawancin mai, kitsen dabbobi, da man shanu yana tsakanin ** 340 zuwa 425 digiri Celsius (644 da 797 digiri Fahrenheit)**, duk wani kauri mai kauri na man naman alade da aka manta, drippings pan drippings, ko hagu-bayan tanda ko liner a cikin tanda zai ** ba tare da bata lokaci ba.

Me ya sa ba za ku taɓa tilasta buɗe ƙofar tanda da aka kulle a lokacin gobara mai tsafta da kai ba¶

Lokacin da masu gida suka ga harshen wuta na lemu yana yawo a bayan tagar tanda ko hayaki mai duhu yana fitowa daga murhu sama da baya yayin da ake sake zagayowar tsaftar kai, hankalinsu shine su ja hannun kofar tanda, kuma lokacin da suka gano kofar tana kulle, su kama wani sikirin ko mashaya don tilasta kulle kulle ta yadda za su iya fesa wuta da soda burodi ko abin kashe wuta. Yin haka shine sanadi na 1 da ke haifar da musibar gobarar kicin da kuma tsananin kunar fuska a lokacin da ba ta dace ba:

1. ** Akwatin Tanderun Anyi Injiniya azaman Wuta ta Wuta ***: Rufaffen tanda mai tsaftace kai yana da rufin fiberglass mai girma mai bango biyu da gask ɗin zafi na fiberglass a kusa da ƙofar da aka tsara don ɗaukar yanayin zafi 500°C (930°F) cikin aminci a cikin akwatin ƙarfe. Yayin da ƙofar ke kulle kuma a rufe, man shafawa mai ƙonewa yana cinye iyakacin iskar oxygen da ke cikin ƙaramin rami kuma ya sa kansa cikin wuta mai walƙiya.
2. **Haɗarin fashewar Backdraft / Flashover ***: A cikin tanda 480°C (900°F) da aka rufe, tururin mai mai kauri wanda ba'a kone ba yana zafi sama da wurin kunnawa ta atomatik, yana jiran oxygen kawai. Idan kun sami nasarar buɗe ƙofar, ba zato ba tsammani na iskar ɗakin yana haɗuwa da tururin mai mai zafi kuma yana haifar da bugun wuta mai saurin gaske wanda ke fashewa da mita 1 zuwa 2 (ƙafa 3 zuwa 6) daga ƙofar tanda zuwa fuskarku, tufafi, da ɗakunan abinci na sama.
3. Lalacewar Dindindin ga Majalisar Latch: Tilasta lashin ƙofar mota yana lanƙwasa sandar cam ɗin ƙarfe na ciki kuma ya karya ƙananan maɓalli a kan injin latch, yana barin tanda ta dindindin a cikin tanda. F9 / F5 / Door Lock Error jihar da ake kashe daruruwan daloli don gyarawa.

flowchart TD
    A["Ana Kulle Ƙofar Tanda Bayan Tsaftace Tsabtace Kai ko Katsewar Wuta"] --> B{"Tanda Har yanzu Yana zafi (> 260°C/500°F) ko yana shan taba?"}
    B -- "Ee: Har yanzu zafi ko shan taba" --> C["KAR KU tilasta Hannu: Latsa 'Cancel / Kashe' & Jira 45 zuwa 90 Mins don Makullin thermal don sanyi"]
    B -- "A'a: Tanda Yayi Cikakkiyar Sanyi Don Taɓawa" --> D["Mataki 1: Latsa ka riƙe 'Cancel / Off' ko 'Clear' Button na daƙiƙa 5"]
    D --> E{"An Buɗe Latch ɗin Motoci?"}
    E -- "Ee" --> F["Bude Kofa, Shafa Farin Ash Tare da Tufafi, da Duba Gasken Ƙofa"]
    E -- "A'a: Har yanzu A kulle Lokacin Sanyi" --> G["Mataki 2: Sake saitin Wutar Wuta: Juya Mai Wutar Wuta na Wuta na tsawon mintuna 5 Cikakkun, Sannan Komawa ON."]
    G --> H{"Shin Sake Saitin Wutar Lantarki ya Buɗe Motar Latch zuwa Zagaye?"}
    H -- "Ee" --> F
    H -- "A'a" --> I["Mataki na 3: Guda Takaitaccen Tsaftace Tsabtace Kai na Minti 15, Sannan Latsa 'Cancel' & Jira Minti 30 don Sake saita Kamara"]
    I --> J{"Har yanzu Kulle (Ko Yana Nuna F9 / Latch Code Error Code)?"}
    J -- "Ee" --> K["Mataki na 4: Kashe Mai Kashewa & Yi Amfani da Waya Sirarriyar Coat Hanger Waya / Wuƙa A Ƙarƙashin Babban Rata don Zamewa Latch Hook"]

Mataki-mataki: Yadda ake buɗe ƙofar tanderun da ke makale lafiya BAYAN tanda yayi sanyi¶

Da zarar kun kashe sake zagayowar tsaftar kai (ko kutse mai karya yayin taron hayaƙi) kuma ku jira ** 60 zuwa 90 mintuna ** har sai gilashin gaba da firam ɗin ƙarfe na tanda sun kasance ** cikakke sanyi don taɓawa **, kulle ƙofar yakamata ya saki ta atomatik. Idan tanda tana da dutse-sanyi kuma ƙofa tana ** har yanzu a kulle take **, bi waɗannan matakan magance matsalar rashin lalacewa guda 4 domin:

Mataki 1: Share tsarin sarrafa lantarki¶

A kan tanda masu yawa, GE, Frigidaire, Bosch, Samsung, da LG, idan wutar lantarki ta tashi ko kuma aka kashe mai kashe wuta yayin da latch ɗin ke cikin kulle, kwamfutar tana jiran takamaiman soke umarnin da zarar an dawo da wutar lantarki. - Tabbatar cewa mai karya tanda yana ** ON ***, danna ** Cancel / Kashe *** (ko riƙe ** Share / Kashe ** na tsawon daƙiƙa 3 zuwa 5 inda ƙaramin gunkin makullin makullin ya nuna akan madannin taɓawa), sa'an nan kuma saurare a hankali don shiru **4-na biyu sautin motsi na motsi ** danna * karfe * yayin da ƙugiya ta ja da baya.

Mataki 2: Yi Sake saitin Wutar Wuta na Minti 5 a Mai karyawa¶

Idan microprocessor allon sarrafawa ya daskare saboda zafi ko hawan lantarki: - Jeka panel breaker ɗin ku kuma juya Range / Oven circuit breaker OFF. - Jira cikakken ** 5 mintuna *** (ba da damar duk capacitors akan allon sarrafa lantarki don fitarwa gaba ɗaya). - Juya mai karya baya ON. A kan tanda na zamani da yawa, gwajin kai na taya ta atomatik yana jujjuya maƙalar kofa zuwa wurin da ba a buɗe ba a cikin daƙiƙa 30 na maido da wuta.

Mataki 3: Fara sabon sake zagayowar Tsabtace Kai na daƙiƙa 60, sannan danna Cancel¶

Idan cam ɗin latch ɗin mai motsi ya tsaya rabin lokaci daga aiki tare: - Fara sabon sake zagayowar ** Tsaftace Kai *** kuma bari motar latch ta yi motsi na ** 60 seconds ** har sai LOCKED haske yana haskakawa sosai (kar a bar tanda yayi zafi). - Danna Soke/Kashe nan take. Jira mintuna 2 zuwa 5 don injin ya kammala cikakken jujjuyawar jujjuyawar baya.

Mataki na 4: Sakin inji na hannu (Don tanda mai sanyi tare da gazawar latch motor ko thermal fiusi)¶

Idan sake zagayowar tsaftar kai ta busa tanda ** high-limit thermal fuse / thermostat ** a bayan rami (rashin gama gari wanda ya bar nuni gaba ɗaya ya mutu ko kuma ya hana motar latch ɗin gudu): - ** Juya Range / Oven mai keɓewar kewayawa zuwa KASHE.** - Hana hasken walƙiya mai haske a cikin kunkuntar tazarar kwance tsakanin madaidaicin tsakiyar ƙofar tanda da leɓen ƙasa na babban kwamiti na kulawa (ko ɗaga girkin girkin da aka ɗora da ɗanɗano akan tsoffin jeri na yanci). - Nemo ƙaramin ƙarfe mai lanƙwasa ** ƙugiya mai latch ** yana ɗaukar ramin rectangular a saman ƙofar tanda. - Zamar da madaidaicin rigar rigar waya wanda aka lanƙwasa cikin ƙaramin ƙugiya (ko wuƙa na bakin ciki) a cikin ratar, a hankali tura ƙugiya mai ɗorewa ko motsi mai motsi ** santimita 1.5 (inci 0.5) zuwa hagu ko dama** (ya danganta da hanyar da ƙugiya ta fuskanci), sannan a buɗe ƙofar tanda yayin riƙe ƙugiya a sarari.

Sashe na 3: Yadda ake amintaccen maye gurbin abin gasa tanda da ta ƙone da kanka¶

Idan abin gasa na tanda na lantarki ya lalace, blistered, ko tsince gida biyu, kuma bai ƙone kayan aikin waya na baya ba, maye gurbin kashi ɗaya ne daga cikin mafi sauƙi, mafi aminci na gyare-gyaren gida na mintuna 15, muddin kun bi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin kulle wutar lantarki:

1. ** Juya 240V Range / Oven mai jujjuyawar kewayawa zuwa KASHE kuma tabbatar da gwajin wutar lantarki mara lamba **: Kada a taɓa dogaro da kullin tanda. Kashe mai katse sandar sandar igiya biyu a babban kwamiti kuma tabbatar da cewa nunin tanda da hasken ciki sun mutu gaba ɗaya.
2. Cire rakiyar tanderun sannan a kwance screws 2 masu hawa sama: Da zarar abin da ya lalace ya yi sanyi gaba ɗaya, sai a haska fitilar bangon bayan tanda inda ƙafafu biyu na sinadaran ke shiga bangon baya. Cire kan hex guda biyu ** kwata-inch (6 mm) ko skru na Phillips** mai riƙe da farantin abin hawa a bangon baya.
3. ** Cire kashi a hankali a gaba 5 zuwa 8 centimeters (2 zuwa 3 inci) kuma a buga wayoyi don kada su zamewa cikin bango ***:
4. A hankali ja abun a hankali gaba har sai wayoyi biyu da aka keɓe da ke haɗe zuwa tashoshi na baya sun fito cikin ramukan bangon baya.
5. ** MATAKI MAI KYAUTA ***: Kafin cire faifan haɗe-haɗe na spade daga tsohon sinadari, ** matsa nau'i biyu na makullin kulle (Vise-Grips), fil ɗin tufafi, ko guntun tef ɗin fenti akan kowace waya *** a wajen ramin. Gilashin fiberglass ɗin da ke bayan bangon tanda yana ja da baya kamar bazara; idan ka saki wayar da ba a yanke ba kuma ta koma cikin ƙaramin ramin da ke bangon tanda na baya, dole ne ka cire gaba ɗaya murhu mai nauyi daga bangon sannan ka cire katakon baya-bayan nan don kamun wayan baya.
6. Duba masu haɗin waya na ƙarfe: Idan madaidaicin madaidaicin mata na ƙarfe a ƙarshen waya ta tanda yana sheki kuma yana da ƙarfi, zame shi da ƙarfi a kan sabon nau'in maye na maza. Idan mai haɗin waya ya ƙone, baƙar fata, ko kwance daga baka na lantarki, yanke tip ɗin da ya kone a kan wani tashar spade mai zafin jiki mai zafi na nickel-plated ** (kada ku taɓa amfani da daidaitattun masu haɗin keɓaɓɓun kayan aikin filastik ko tef ɗin lantarki a cikin bangon tanda, saboda za su narke da kama wuta a 2450 ° C / F).
7. ** Matsar da sabon nau'in a wurin kuma kunna mai karyawa baya ***: Matsa tashoshi a hankali a cikin ramukan baya, amintar da skru biyu masu hawa biyu, zame racks ɗin baya, sannan dawo da wuta a mai fasa. Lura cewa sabon nau'in dumama zai fitar da warin mai mara lahani mara lahani da hayaki a cikin mintuna 10 na farko na dumama yayin da murfin masana'anta ke ƙonewa.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

An duba tushe¶

• Hukumar Kula da Wuta ta Amurka (USFA/FEMA, Amurka) da Ƙungiyar Kariyar Wuta ta Ƙasa (NFPA): Tsarin Tsaron Wuta: Ƙunshewar Wuta, Hatsarin Tsabtace Kai, da Ka'idojin Ware Kayan Wuta.
• Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC, United States): Electric Range and Wall Oven Safety Standards (UL 858), Heating Element Ground-Fault Arcing, and Self-Cleaning Door Interlock Requirements.
• Laboratories Underwriters (UL Standards & Engagement, United States / International): * UL 858 Matsayi don Matsakaicin Wutar Lantarki na Gida: Iyakancin Tsabtace Kai na Pyrolytic da Matsalolin Latch ɗin Motoci*.
• Tsaron Wutar Lantarki Na Farko (Birtaniya): Mai dafa abinci da Tanderu Tsaron Wutar Lantarki: Ware Abubuwan da ba daidai ba a Rukunin Masu Bugawa / Sashin Kaya.
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL Indoor Environment Group, United States): Indoor Indoor Indoor Pollutants Watsattsarin Tsabtace Kai Tsabtace Tandera (Carbon Monoxide, Acrolein, and Ultrafine Particulates).
• Hukumar kashe gobara ta kasa (NFCC, United Kingdom): Kayan Wuta da Wuta: Me yasa Bude Kofar Tanderu Mai zafi Yakan Haifar da Fitowa.

*Duk wanda ya shaka hayakin tanda mai nauyi kuma ya kamu da hushi, rashin numfashi, juwa, ko ciwon kirji, a gaggauta zuwa asibiti. Yi la'akari da kammala aikin taimako na farko da na kashe gobara ta hanyar Red Cross ko sabis na gaggawa na gida.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Kitchen gobara
• Kayan aiki yana gobara
• Wutar lantarki da tartsatsin wuta
• Taimakon farko na shakar hayaki