Dibanza dia balongi, dia mashinyi, anyi dia nzubu wa tshilala benyi mu dipanga dia makuta: Kukuba tshitupa tshieba tshia mfranga ne kumbusha dibanza dia muena mudimu¶

Kumanya ku diambuluisha dia tshimpitshimpi tshia 90-to-120-point mu FICO credit score webe, anyi dibikila dia tshimpitshimpi dia kudi muena mabanza anyi muena nzubu, ne: muana, muena dibaka nende wa kale, mulela anyi mulunda mmulekele kufuta dibanza dia mulongi, dia mashinyi, anyi dia nzubu uudi mufute mbualu bua lukasa bua makuta. Muinshi mua Kasumbu ka malu a bungenda ka ditunga (FTC) Mukenji wa malu a mfranga (16 C.F.R. § 444.3) ne mikenji ya tshipungidi tshia bungenda, muena mudimu (or lease guarantor) ki ntshimanyinu tshia patupu to: udi **100 pa lukama udi ne bujitu bua dibanza dionso kubangila ku dituku dia kumpala, nansha muudi kuyi muanji kuendesha mashinyi, kuyi mubuele mu iniversite anyi kuyi muanji kuikala ne tshifungu tshia nzubu. Tshidi tshibi menemene, mu matunga a bungi a mu États-Unis, bafidi ba makuta ne bamfumu ba nzubu kabena ne bujitu bua kumanyisha muntu udi mubapeshe makuta padi muntu wa kumpala kayi mufute makuta mu dituku dia 1 anyi dia 15: pamutu pa nanku, udi anu mua kumanya panyima pa konte webe mumane kufika ku matuku 30, matuku 60 anyi 90 ne udi mupangile makuta bua kashidi ku tshisalu tshiebe Equifax, Experian, ne TransUnion luapolo lua mfranga. Shi udi mu lutatu lua mfranga anyi ya difutshila, tangila muaba uudi musombele nomba ya tshimpitshimpi bua kupeta bintu bia diambuluisha dia mikenji kudi badi basumba bintu, ne tangila cosigner default ne joint debt liability guide, wetu bulombodi bua makokeshi a dipingaja dia mashinyi ne dipingaja dia mashinyi, ne wetu mukanda wa dimanyisha dia dipatuka mu nzubu.

Bilondeshile luapolo lua Biro bia dikuba dia makuta a badi basumba bintu (CFPB), pa mutu pa 90 pa lukama ya makuta a balongi ba pa nkayabu ne miliyo ya makuta a mashinyi a subprime/near-prime ne nzubu ya mu bimenga idi itangila cosigner, kadi bafidi ba makuta badi babenga pabuipi ne 90 pa lukama ya dilomba dia Cosigner Release dia musangu wa kumpala bua bilumbu bia dilongolola dia maleta makese. Kumanya mua kuondopa dipanga dia makuta dia matuku 29 kumpala kua dijika dia luapolo lua ngondo yonso kudi biro bia mfranga, kuenzeja bua kufila mamanyisha a difutu dia cosigner misangu ibidi, kuenza Private Student Loan Cosigner Release, kukontonona Auto Repossession Deficiency Notice (UCC § 9-611), ne sever Apartment Lease Holdover Liability udi ukupesha bukokeshi bua lukasa pa malu a mfranga.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Manya lelu ni konte udi munda mua "1-to-29-Day Grace Bucket" anyi ukadi mupita "30-Day Credit Bureau Reporting Cliff." Muinshi mua Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) ne Metro 2® Credit Reporting Standards, bafidi ba makuta kabena mua kufila luapolo lua difuta dia makuta kudi Equifax, Experian, anyi TransUnion too ne padi difuta dijika matuku 30 a kalandriye panyima pa dituku dia difuta. Shi muena dibanza wa kumpala mupangile difuta dia makuta mu dia matuku 1 a ngondo ne lelu ndituku dia 24 (matuku 23 panyima pa matuku), fute makuta a ngondo adi mapite lelu ku Enternete ne tshibombi tshiebe nkayebe. Kufuta tshitupa tshia dolare 450 kumpala kua dituku dia 30 kudi kusungila tshipeta tshieba tshia FICO ku dipueka dia 90 too ne ku 110.
2. Enza tshiamu tshiebe tshia mudimu tshia ku Enternete ne enza mudimu ne "Cosigner Duplicate Delinquency Text/Email Alerts" diakamue. Kueyemenyi muntu wa kumpala udi ukusombesha makuta bua kukudimuija padibu kabayi ne makuta to. Bikila bena mudimu ba mufidi wa makuta lelu, lomba Cosigner Online Portal Login, ne enza SMS/Email Payment Due ne 5-Day Past-Due Alerts. Shi mfranga yebe mifila mu matunga bu mudi Californie (Cal. Civ. Code § 1799.91 & § 1785.26), New York (NY Gen. Oblig. Law § 15-702), Iowa, anyi Wisconsin, udi ulomba bukenji buebe bua kupeta mikanda ya dishipa dia mikenji.
3. Bikala konte kayi ne matuku 30 too ne ku 60 bua musangu wa kumpala, ufila diakamue "Difutu dia diondapangana mu dishintakaja dia luse lua mbulamatadi." Kumpala kua kufuta makuta adi mashale matuku 35, bikila Loss Mitigation / Executive Office wa mufidi wa makuta (nangananga bua mfranga ya mulongi) ne nkonke " bitadi bia kale lelu bua kuenza bua konte eu ikale mpindieu, udi mua kulomba dianyisha dia malu a mbulamatadi didi ditangila matuku 45 adi mapite bua se: tshimanyinu tshia matuku 30 tshia dipanga dia makuta tshiumbushibue mu luapolo luonso lua mfranga anyi?" Bafidi ba mfranga ya balongi batu batamba kufila dianyisha dia malu a mbulamatadi didi dijikija matuku 30 too ne ku 60 adibu bafute matuku mashale aa.
4. Tangila tshipungidi tshieba bua kupeta "Cosigner Release Clause" (Makuta a balongi ba pa nkayabu) anyi enzeja bua kuenza Refinance / Trade-In Sale (Auto Loans) diakamue. Bafidi ba makuta ba bungi ba balongi ba pa nkayabu (Sallie Mae, SoFi, Earnest, College Ave, Citizens, Discover) udi ne tshipungidi tshia Cosigner Release Option kunyima kua 12 too ne ku 48 milondangane, difuta dia makuta a ntuadijilu ne a ntatu pikala muena dibanza wa kumpala mupita tshikebelu tshia mfranga ne tshia makuta. Bua mabanza a mashinyi, kakuena dipatuka dia cosigner: musombeshi wa kumpala udi ne tshia kupingaja makuta a mabanza anu mu dina diende nkayende anyi kusumbisha/kusumbisha mashinyi.
5. Bikala mashinyi adibu bafunde ne tshiala tshiakapingajibua, tangila "Dimanyisha dia dijinga dia kusumbisha nzubu (NOI)" muinshi mua UCC § 9-611 ne § 9-612. Mu kanungu ka 9 ka Mukenji wa malu a bungenda (UCC), pikala mufidi wa makuta mupangile bua kutuma Dimanyisha dia dipingaja dia bintu kumpala kua dipana kudi WEWE (mufundi) nansha matuku 10 kumpala kua dipana dia bintu (kupitshisha grame 30 [1.05 ounces] ya mabeji ne makuta a poste adibu balomba kudi mikenji), mufidi wa makuta udi mua kuikala mukandika bilondeshile mikenji bua kuangata makuta adi mashale panyima pa dipana dia bintu ne balomba bua kufuta bitadi bia mikenji bilondeshile UCC § 9-625.
6. Biwikala mufunda ("mujadike") mukanda wa difutshila nzubu, ufila mukanda mufunda wa "Dimanyisha dia dibenga kupingaja / dijimija dia tshijadiki padi tshipungidi tshijika" matuku 60 anyi 90 kumpala kua tshikondo tshia tshipungidi tshijika. Bamfumu ba nzubu batu misangu ya bungi babueja "Dijadika dia ditungunuka" mu tshipungidi tshieba tshia kufutshila nzubu tshidi mua kupingana diakamue dipingaja dia tshipungidi tshia nzubu, dibandisha dia bitadi bia nzubu, ne dishiya dia ngondo ne ngondo. Tuma Dimanyisha dia ku Enternete kudi muena nzubu wamba ne: tshijadiki tshiebe tshidi tshijika padi ngondo 12 ya mpindieu ijika ne wewe kuena witaba bua kupingaja anyi kushintulula tshintu nansha tshimue.

Mutshi wa mapangadika: Disungula dia tshimpitshimpi bua dibanza anyi dia difutshila didi kadiyi dikumbane¶

Ingidija mutshi wa dipangadika edi dîba diudi wela meji anyi umona ne: muena dibanza wa kumpala kena ufuta makuta mu tshipungidi tshidi ne tshiala tshiebe to.

flowchart TD
    Start["Dibanza anyi difutshila dia nzubu mu dipanga kukumbaja / mu njiwu"] --> CheckAsset{"1. Mmushindu kayi wa tshipungidi uvua mufunda?"}

    CheckAsset -->|"Dibanza dia balongi dia pa nkaya anyi dia mbulamatadi"| StudentTrack["MUSHINDU WA KUFUTA BANTU: - Tangila ni konte udi ne matuku makese panyima pa matuku 30 (Futa diakamue kumpala kua dituku dia 30) - Bikala matuku 30-120 panyima pa matuku: Lomba dianyisha dia malu a mbulamatadi + Diondapangana bua kujimija bimanyinu bia dipanga dia makuta mu luapolo lua makuta - Musangu umue bua ngondo 12-36: Tuma dilomba dia mudimu wa mbulamatadi wa dilomba dia mudimu muinshi mua CFPS mikenji"]

    CheckAsset -->|"Difutu dia mashinyi (dienza mudimu anyi diakapingajibua)"| AutoTrack{"2. Dîna diebe didi pa mukanda wa mashinyi a DMV ('OR' / 'NE') anyi anu pa mukanda wa dilomba?"}

    AutoTrack -->|"Pa mutu bu 'Muena mudimu (OR)'"| CoOwnerSale["BUALU BUA KUSHINTULULA BUA MUENA MUENA: - Muena 'OR' udi pa mukanda udi ne bukokeshi bua kuangata, kusumbisha mashinyi kudi CarMax/Carvana/Dealer, ne kufuta dibanza dijima kayi ne tshiala tshia muntu mukuabu"]

    AutoTrack -->|"Anu pa mukanda wa mfranga (mufundi udi kayi ne tshiena bualu) NANSHA Mupingajibue"| RepoAudit["KUPILULA BUALU NE BUALU BUA KUDIMUENA: - Shi pre-repo: Futa tshibombi tshidi tshipita tshikondo (< Dituku dia 30) ne lomba muena dibanza bua kupingaja makuta mu matuku 30 - Bikalabu bapingaje: Kukonkonona bikala mufidi wa makuta mukutumine UCC 9-611 Pre-Sale Notice matuku 10 kumpala kua disumbisha dia bintu (no mufidi wa makuta)"]

    CheckAsset -->|"Tshijadiki tshia difutshila dia nzubu"| LeaseTrack["MUSHINDU WA KUFUTA MU NZUBU: - Kuyukila ne muena nzubu 'Cash-for-Keys / Mutual Lease Termination' KUMPALA kua tshilumbu tshia diumusha (Muena tshibawu tshidi katshiyi tshikumbanyine mikenji) tshifunda ku kabadi (tshidi tshilama dîna diebe mu mikanda ya diumusha nzubu ya bantu bonso) - Kuenza mudimu ne 'Kakuyi tshijadiki tshia dishipa dia tshipungidi' bua kukanga nzubu' dibanza dia dipingaja/dilama"]

Mushindu udi cosigner credit reporting wenza mudimu ne mushindu kayi wa kuimanyika dikuluka dia 100-point FICO¶

Muinshi mua Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. § 1681s-2) ne Metro 2® Format (ECOA Code 2 / 4 / 5), konte udibu bafunde pamue udi umueneka mu luapolo luebe lua mfranga pabuipi ne mfranga iuvua muangate wewe nkayebe: 1. Dibanza diebe-ku-makuta (DTI) Ratio: Difutu dijima dia ku ngondo dia mashinyi anyi dia mfranga ya mulongi didi dibadibua ku dibanza diebe ne dia makuta audi upeta paudi ulomba nzubu (unless on a mortgage application you provide 12 consecutive months of canceled checks/bank statements proving the primary borrower paid the bill 100% out of their own separate bank account with zero late payments, per Fannie Mae Selling Guide B3-6-05). 2. The 30/60/90-Day Delinquency Cascade: Dîba didi muena dibanza wa kumpala upona matuku 30 panyima, ordinatere udi ufila luapolo lua 30-Day Late pa luapolo lua mfranga lua muena dibanza NE luapolo luebe lua mfranga musangu umue.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|         THE COSIGNER DELINQUENCY TIMELINE & WHEN YOU MUST INTERVENE               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| DAY 1: PAYMENT DUE DATE MISSED                                                    |
|   - Primary borrower fails to pay. Late fee ($25-$50) attaches after grace period.|
|   - FICO Impact: 0 Points. (Lenders almost NEVER call the cosigner at this stage.)|
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| DAY 29: THE GOLDEN RESCUE DEADLINE                                                |
|   - Last possible day to pay the missed installment online before the lender's    |
|     Metro 2® system flags the account as "30 Days Past Due."                      |
|   - FICO Impact if you pay on Day 29: 0 Points. Your credit remains 100% clean.   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| DAY 30 - 89: THE 30-DAY & 60-DAY CREDIT BUREAU CLIFF                              |
|   - Account reports "30 Days Late" (then "60 Days Late") to Equifax, Experian,    |
|     and TransUnion.                                                               |
|   - FICO Impact: -80 to -125 Points (stays on your credit report for 7 years      |
|     unless wiped via Retroactive Forbearance or Goodwill Adjustment).             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| DAY 90 - 180: CHARGE-OFF, REPOSSESSION, OR EVICTION FILING                        |
|   - Auto loans trigger repossession at Day 60-90; credit/student loans charge off |
|     at Day 120-180 (`or Day 270 for federal student loans`).                      |
|   - Full accelerated balance is sent to third-party debt collectors and law firms |
|     who sue the COSIGNER first (because the cosigner has wages and bank assets).  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Bua tshinyi bafidi ba mabanza badi bafunda muena mabanza kumpala (ne balekela muena mabanza wa kumpala)¶

Muinshi mua dilongesha dia mikenji dia Dibanza dia buobumue ne dia bantu ba bungi (and the FTC Credit Practices Rule Notice to Cosigner]. Bu muudi anu muanyishibue bu muena mudimu bua difutu diebe dia pa tshibidilu, tshitupa tshiebe tshia makuta a bungi, ne makuta a nzubu, bibambalu bia mikenji bia disangisha dia makuta bitu bitamba kulengulula muena dibanza wa kumpala udi munyanguke ne bifila Wage Garnishment anyi Bank Levy Lawsuit buludiludi kudi muena mudimu.

Mushindu kayi wa kumbusha dina diebe mu dibanza difunda pamue mu mishindu yonso isatu ya bipungidi¶

Fuanyikija mishindu yebe ya kupatuka mu mikenji idi itangila mabanza a balongi, mabanza a mashinyi, ne mabanza a nzubu:

Mukenji wa tshitupa ku tshitupa: Kupeta dibanza dia balongi dia pa nkaya "Cosigner Release" (CFPB Supervisory Rules)¶

Biro bia bukubi bua makuta a badi basumba bintu (CFPB) uvua mutele misangu ya bungi bena mudimu ba mfranga ya balongi bua mudibu bateke bimanu bidi kabiyi bilondeshila mikenji bidi bishima bantu badi balomba mfranga bua kubenga kupeta Cosigner Release. Epuka mateyi asatu aa paudi ulongolola dilomba dia Cosigner Release:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|           THE 3 SERVICER TRAPS THAT DERAIL STUDENT LOAN COSIGNER RELEASE          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TRAP 1: THE "PREPAYMENT / PADS AHEAD" RESET TRAP                                  |
|   - Suppose the contract requires "24 consecutive on-time monthly payments."      |
|   - On Month 18, the student pays DOUBLE ($800 instead of $400) and the servicer  |
|     advances the due date so Month 19 shows "$0.00 Due."                          |
|   - If the student pays $0.00 in Month 19, many servicers claim that "paying      |
|     $0.00 broke the streak of 24 consecutive Principal & Interest payments" and   |
|     RESET the 24-month clock back to ZERO.                                        |
|   - FIX: Always keep Auto-Debit set to pay the full monthly amount every single   |
|     month even when "paid ahead."                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TRAP 2: THE "FORBEARANCE / INTEREST-ONLY" CLOCK RESET                             |
|   - Taking even a 1-month natural disaster forbearance, administrative pause,     |
|     or graduated "interest-only" modification resets the 12-to-36-month           |
|     consecutive payment clock back to Month 1.                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TRAP 3: APPLYING BEFORE CHECKING THE STUDENT'S CREDIT & DTI                       |
|   - Before submitting the Cosigner Release form, pull the student borrower's      |
|     3-bureau credit reports and verify their FICO score is > 680-700, they have   |
|     0 late payments on any account in the past 24 months, and their gross income  |
|     supports a Debt-to-Income (DTI) ratio below 40%.                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Kudikuba ku dipanga dia makuta a dipingaja dia bintu (UCC Article 9 Audit)¶

Padi muena dibanza wa kumpala ulekela kufuta dibanza dia mashinyi, mashinyi adi akoka mashinyi adi apingaja mashinyi, banke udi usumbisha mashinyi a dolare 18 000 ku tshisalu tshia bantu ba bungi bua dolare 9 500, udi usakidila dolare 1 800 mu bitadi bia dikoka ne disumbisha dia mashinyi, ne ukutumina wewe (muena mukanda) mukanda wa dilomba dia **100$, 300,000 4-Point Uniform Commercial Code (UCC Article 9) Dikonkonona dia malu a mikenji kumpala kua kufuta tshintu: 1. Mufidi wa makuta mmukutumine mukanda wa pa buende anyi UCC § 9-611 / § 9-614 Dimanyisha dia kumpala kua disumbisha ("Dimanyisha dia lungenyi luetu lua kusumbisha nzubu")? - Muinshi mwa UCC Section 9-611©(2), mufidi wa mashinyi udi ne bukubi udi mulomba kudi mikenji bua kutuma mukanda wa dimanyisha dia dijimija dia bintu (telling you the car was repossessed, how much is needed to redeem it, and the date/type of auction) ki nganu kudi muena dibanza wa kumpala to, kadi kabidi kudi muena dibanza muibidi / Cosigner. - Mabanki a mashinyi adi atuma dimanyisha dia dipingaja dia bintu anu ku adrese wa muendeshi wa kumpala ne apua muoyo bua kutuma dimanyisha dikuabu ku adrese wa muena mudimu (anyi kulekela malu adibu ne bua kumanyisha muinshi mua UCC § 9-614). - Tshipeta tshia mikenji: Mu Absolute Bar States (ne muinshi mua mikenji ya dinyanguka dia bintu mu UCC § 9-625©(2)), mufidi wa makuta udi upanga kutuma mukanda wa dimanyisha dia kumpala kua dipanyisha kudi mufundi udi ujimija bukenji buende bua kuangata makuta adi mashale kudi mufundi wa dibanza anyi unyanga dibanza dia mikenji **mushinga wonso wa makuta (makuta onso a matuku onso a dibanza) pamue ne 10 pa lukama ya bungi bua makuta a dibaa. 2. **Mufidi wa makuta uvua mutume mukanda wa panyima pa disumbisha anyi UCC § 9-616 Diumvuija dia dibala dia dipanganyi? - Panyima pa dipana dia bintu, mufidi wa makuta udi ne tshia kufila mukanda wmakuta udi uleja mushinga wa dipana dia bintu, bitadi bia dipingaja dia bintu bidibu bumbushe, ne makuta adibu bafuta bua makuta adibu kabayi bapeta ne makuta adibu kabayi bapeta mu GAP/Extended Warranty**. 3. **Kuenze bua kupingaja makuta a Pro-Rata a GAP ne a dijadika dia matuku a bungi ($1,500 to $4,000 Credit): - Padibu bapingaja mashinyi mu tshidimu tshibidi tshia dibanza dia bidimu 6,ilekedibua dia GAP dionso, tspungidi tshia mudimu tshile (VSC]. Dilomba mu mukanda bua mufidi wa makuta afile 100% ya makuta adibu kabayi bapeta ku tshitupa tshia makuta adi mashale. 4. Tangila nsombe wa tshiena bualu ("NE" vs. "OR") kumpala kua dipingaja dia bintu: - Shi mutu wa bualudi wamba ne: [Primary Borrower] OR [Your Name], muena mashinyi yonso udi mua kutua tshiala pa mukanda nkayende ne kusumbisha mashinyi kudi CarMax, Carvana, anyi kudi tshisalu tshia mashinyi bua kufuta dibanza. Shi udi ubala AND, bidi bikengela kuela bianza bionso bibidi. Shi dina diebe kadiyi pa tshiena bualu (Non-Titled Cosigner), kuena mua kusumbisha mashinyi padi muena mashinyi kayi muele tshiala to.

Mushindu kayi wa kukosa tshipungidi tshia nzubu kumpala kua kunyanga mfranga yebe¶

Bamfumu ba nzubu mu bimenga bidi ne mushinga mukole batu misangu ya bungi balomba baledi anyi balela bua kutua tshiala pa mukanda wa Lease Guaranty udi uleja ne: makuta adibu bapeta ku tshidimu adi mafuanangane ne 80x a mushinga wa ku ngondo. Shi muena nzubu ulekela kufuta nzubu anyi ubenga kupatuka padi tshipungidi tshia nzubu tshijika (a Holdover Tenancy), udikuba diakamue:

1. Kulekedi Muena Nzubu Afile Dilomba Diumusha Mu nzubu Ne Dina Diebe:
2. Shi muena nzubu mufila mukanda ku kabadi Dilomba dia diumusha dia mu nzubu mu mushindu udi kauyi mu mikenji ne muele dina diebe mu tshiena bualu pamue ne dina dia muena nzubu, biamu bia mudimu bia ku kabadi (LexisNexis, CoreLogic, TransUnion SmartMove) nealamakaje Mukanda wa diumusha ku dina diebe, nansha muudi kuyi muanji kusombela mu nzubu au.
3. Tshia kuenza: Udi mua kuyukila ne mulombodi wa nzubu wa muena nzubu kumpala kua dimanyisha dia matuku 3 anyi 14 dia kufuta anyi kulekela kujika. Enza Diumvuangana dia dipatuka ne dilekela dia tshijadiki: umbusha mulela udi kayi mufute makuta mu matuku 7, upingaje nsapi, wenze mudimu ne tshilaminu tshia makuta, ne ufute tshipungidi tshia ndongamu tshia nzubu wa kufutshila nzubu mu tshitupa tshia tshipungidi tshifunda tshia se: **kakuena tshilumbu tshia ku kabadi tshikala mua kufidibua ne tshijadiki tshidi tshijikijibua.
4. Umbusha "Dijadika dia malu adi atungunuka" kumpala kua dipingaja dia tshipungidi:
5. Mikanda ya bungi ya tshijadiki tshia difutshila idi yamba ne: "Dijadika edi didi ditungunuka ne nedishale ne bukole mu tshikondo tshionso tshia dipingaja, divudija anyi dilama dia tshipungidi tshia difutshila."
6. Mushindu wa kumushipa: Mu matunga a bungi (such as New York and California), mufidi wa tshijadiki udi upatuka pikala tshipungidi tshia nzubu tshipingajibua ku mushinga mukole kakuyi dianyisha dia mufidi wa tshijadiki pa kumbusha pikala tshijadiki tshitangila dibandisha dia bitadi bia nzubu. Fila Dimanyisha difunda dia dijimija dia tshijadiki tshidi tshitungunuka bua dipingaja dia matuku atshilualua ku diambuluisha dia mukanda mujadika matuku 60 too ne ku 90 kumpala kua tshipungidi tshia mpindieu kujika, umanyisha muena nzubu ne: dipingaja dionso didi kakuyi tshijadiki tshiebe.

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya tshijadiki¶

• États-Unis:
• Biro bia bukubi bua makuta a badi basumba bintu (CFPB): Fila dilomba ku consumerfinance.gov/complaint anyi ubikile 1-855-411-2372 pikala muena mudimu wa makuta a balongi mubenge mu mushindu mubi Dilomba dia dipatuka dia Cosigner, mupingaje tshiamu tshieba tshia makuta tshidi tshilondangana bua tshilema tshia muena mudimu, anyi mushipe Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA).
• Kasumbu ka malu a bungenda mushinga ka mbulamatadi (FTC) Mukenji wa malu a mfranga (16 C.F.R. § 444.3): Bafidi ba makuta badi ne tshia kukupesha mukanda mufunda pa nkayawu "Dimanyisha kudi Cosigner" kumpala kua wewe kutua tshiala. Mu matunga bu mudi Californie (Civil Code § 1799.91 & § 1799.95), kupanga kufila mukanda wa dimanyisha dia miakulu ibidi udi ukandika muena dibanza bua kuenza mudimu ne dibanza kudi muena mudimu.
• Diambuluisha dia tshianana dia mikenji ne mibelu ya mfranga: Udi mua kubikila Legal Services Corporation wa muaba unudi (LSC ku lsc.gov) nzubu wa luondapu anyi tshisumbu tshidi katshiyi tshikeba makuta Tshibambalu tshia ditunga tshia difila dia mibelu ya mfranga (NFCC ku 1-800-388-2227) mufidi wa mibelu, anyi tangila wetu nomba ya tshimpitshimpi tshilaminu.
• Canada:
• Mikenji ya bukubi bua bintu bia muntu nkayende bia mu provense (PPSA): Muinshi mua polovensa PPSA mikenji (Ontario PPSA s. 63, BC PPSA s. 59).at least 15 to 20 days prior to sale). Mu British Columbia ne Alberta ("Seize or Sue" Provinces), pikala mufidi wa makuta mupingaje mashinyi a bantu badi basumba, bukenji bua mufidi wa makuta bua kufunda muena dibanza anyi muena mudimu nende bua dipanga dia makuta didi dijika kudi mikenji (BC PPSA s. 67).
• Bukalenge bua ditunga:
• Consumer Credit Act 1974 (CCA) & Tshibambalu tshia malu a mfranga (FCA) Mikenji ya mufidi wa tshijadiki: FCA ne Mudimu wa bafidi ba makuta (FOS) kulomba bafidi ba makuta bua kuenza Dikonkonona dia mushinga wa pa nkaya ku ntuadijilu. Shi udi mujadike dibanza dia UK didi kadiyi mua kukumbana, funda "Difutu didi kadiyi mua kukumbana / Malanda adi kaayi makane (CCA s. 140A)" Dilomba ne difila tshianana kudi Tshibambalu tshia malu a mfranga (0800 023 4567 / financial-ombudsman.org.uk).
• Buobumue bua matunga a ku Mputu:
• Mukenji wa bena ditunga udi kayi mukumbane (Cautionnement Disproportionné): Muinshi mua Code consommateur français (Art. L332-1 / Code civil Art. 2300) ne Mukenji wa bena Allemagne (BGB § 138 Abs. 1), tubadi tudi tujimija anyi tukepesha bijadiki bia muntu nkayende bidibu batue biala kudi bena mu dîku bikala tshijadiki atshi tshiyi tshikumbane (manifestement disproportionné / krasse finanzielle Überforderung) ku makuta a mufidi wa tshijadiki ne bintu biende padiye mufunda.
• Australie ne Nouvelle-Zélande:
• Australie (National Credit Code & Banking Code of Practice): Mabanke adi ne tshia kupesha mufidi wa makuta a dîku didimuija dia matuku 3, kufila mibelu ya mikenji idi kayiyi mimanyike, ne kumpala kuanji kulonda muena dibanza wa kumpala (or realize security) kumpala kua kuenza mudimu ne tshijadiki kudi mufidi wa tshijadiki nkayende. Fila bilumbu bia tshianana ne AFCA (1800 931 678), anyi mu Nouvelle-Zélande muinshi mua CCFA ku diambuluisha dia IFSO / FSCL.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bua tshinyi banke anyi mufidi wa mashinyi kavua mumbikile anyi mufundile e-mail lumingu luvua mulela wanyi mupangile bua kufuta makuta, pamutu pa kuindila too ne pavua matuku 30 mapite ne kunyangakaja tshitupa tshianyi tshia mfranga?¶

Mu matunga a bungi a mu États-Unis, mikanda ya dilomba dia makuta idi ne tshitupa tshia "Waiver of Notice of Default", ne mikenji ya mbulamatadi kayena ilomba mufidi wa makuta bua kumanyisha muena mudimu nende padi difuta dia ngondo yonso dipita matuku 5, 10 anyi 20 to. Mushindu wa kufuta bitadi wa mufidi wa makuta udi anu utuma mikanda kudi mufidi wa makuta wa kumpala too ne padi konte upita matuku 30 a dipanga dia makuta ne udi ufila luapolo kudi Equifax, Experian, ne TransUnion. Bua kuepuka bualu ebu budi kabuyi bumueneka, bikila mufidi wa makuta diakamue, enza Cosigner Online Portal Login webe wa pa buende, ne enza bua mesaje ne e-mail ikale mimanyishibue ku dituku dionso dia difuta dia makuta.

Meme mufute makuta adi mashale pa dibanza dia mashinyi dia ngondo 6 bualu muena dibanza wa kumpala mmulekele kufuta, ndiku ne bukenji bua kuya kuangata mashinyi ku njila wabu ne kuasumbisha anyi?¶

Anu pikala dina diebe difunda pa mukanda wa DMV wa ditunga bu "Muena mudimu" (nangananga pikala muaku "OR," bu mudi "John Doe OR Jane Doe"). Shi uvua muele tshiala pa mukanda wa dilaya dia mfranga ya banke bu "Mufundi / Mujadiki" bua kubambuluisha bua kupeta makuta, kadi bobu bafunde mukanda wa bumfumu bua mashinyi anu mu dina diabu nkayabu, udi ne 100 pa lukama ya dibanza dia mfranga ne 0 pa lukama ya bumfumu bua mashinyi. Enza mudimu wonso wa makuta bilondeshile mudi muena dibanza utua tshiala pa mukanda wa dianyisha anyi utua tshiala pa mukanda wa bukokeshi bua mashinyi bua kusumbisha mashinyi ku CarMax anyi ku nzubu wa dipanyishila mashinyi.

Mmunyi mundi mua kupeta tshimanyishilu tshia matuku 30 anyi 60 tshia dipanga dia makuta mu luapolo luanyi lua mfranga kunyima kua dibanza dia balongi dimane kujika tshiyi mumanye?¶

Kumpala kua kufuta makuta adi mapite pa dibanza dia mulongi didi kadiyi difuta, ubikile tshibambalu tshia dijimija dia makuta tshia muena mudimu ne ubalombe bua kuenza mudimu ne "Retroactive Administrative Forbearance" udi utangila ngondo misunguluke idi muena dibanza wa kumpala mupangile, pamue ne difuta diebe dia lukasa bua kuenza bua konte webe ikale ne mudimu. Bantu badi bafila mfranga ya balongi badi ne bukokeshi bua kuenza mudimu ne mikenji ya mbulamatadi too ne matuku 60 anyi 120, adi apingaja ngondo mipite eyi bu "Mpindieu" mu ndongoluelu wa luapolo lua mfranga lua Metro 2® ne ujimija bimanyinu bia matuku 30 ne 60 bia panyima pa matuku mu luapolo lua mfranga yonso ibidi.

Mashinyi a mulela wanyi avua mapingajibue ne masumbishibue ku tshisalu, ne mpindieu tshibambalu tshia disangisha dia bintu tshidi tshindomba dolare 9 400 kudi meme bu mufundi wa mashinyi. Mmunyi mundi mua kuluisha tshilumbu tshia dipanga?¶

Lomba mu mukanda bua mufidi wa makuta anyi mufidi wa makuta aleje kopi wa "Dimanyisha dia kumpala kua dipana dia nzubu" (ne tshijadiki tshia dituma) difunda kudi WEWE ku adrese webe kumpala kua dipana dia bintu. Muinshi mua tshitupa tshia 9-611 tshia meyi a bungenda mushinga, mufidi wa mashinyi udi ne tshia kutuma mukanda wa dimanyisha dia kumpala kua dipana kudi mufidi wa mashinyi. Shi mufidi wa makuta mupangile bua kukutumina dimanyisha dia kumpala kua dipana dia bintu mu tshikondo tshiakanyine, didi dilonda mikenji (anyi mupangile bua kufila GAP udi kayi mupeta ne dipingaja dia makuta a tshipungidi), mu matunga a bungi badi babakandike bua kukuangata makuta adi mashale ne badi mua kuikala ne dibanza dia dijimija dia bintu bilondeshile tshitupa tshia 9-625 tshia UCC.

Ndiku mua kudimbusha bu muena mudimu wa mu nzubu wa muananyi kunyima kua ngondo 12 ya kumpala ya difutshila dimane kujika, nansha muananyi yeye mushale mu nzubu au tshidimu tshibidi anyi?¶

Tangila meyi malelela a mukanda wa tshipungidi tshia nzubu tshiudi muele tshiala: bamfumu ba nzubu ba bungi batu bafunda tshitupa tshia "tshijadiki tshidi tshitungunuka" tshidi tshiamba ne: tshijadiki tshiebe tshidi anu ne bukole bua dipingaja dia nzubu ne dibandisha dia bitadi bia nzubu mu matuku atshilualua. Bua kujikija dibanza diebe kumpala kua tshidimu tshibidi kutuadija, tuma mukanda wa "Dimanyisha dia dijimija ne dia dibenga kupingaja dia tshipungidi tshia nzubu" ku diambuluisha dia mukanda mujadika ne mukanda wa dipingaja udibu balombe kudi muena nzubu matuku 60 too ne ku 90 kumpala kua tshipungidi tshia kumpala tshia ngondo 12 kujikatshi, uleja patoke tshijadiki tshiebe tshia dijimija anyi dishintulula dia matuku atshilualua.

Shi muena dibanza wa kumpala udi ufunda dilomba dia nshapita wa 7 wa dijimija dia makuta, bidiku mua kumbusha dibanza dianyi anyi, anyi banke udi ulua panyima panyi bua 100% ya makuta adi mashale?¶

Padi muena dibanza wa kumpala ufila dilomba dia nshapita wa 7 wa dijimija dia makuta, dijimija dia dibanza didi anu dijimija bujitu bua muena dibanza wa kumpala, kadiena dijimija dibanza diebe bu mufidi wa makuta to, ne mufidi wa makuta neakulonda bua 100 pa lukama ya makuta adi mashale. Kadi, shi muena dibanza wa kumpala udi ulomba bua kufuta dibanza dijima ku diambuluisha dia plan wende wa difuta, 11 U.S.C. § 1301 udi wenza "Co-Debtor Stay" udi ukandika muena dibanza bua kukubikila anyi kukufunda padi plan wa Nshapita wa 13 wenza mudimu.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Dipanga dia makuta dia muena mudimu, dibanza dia tshisumbu, ne malu a nshindamenu a bukubi bua mfranga
• Dipingaja dia mashinyi, bukenji bua kupikula, ne dikuba dia tshitupa tshia dipanga
• Dipanga dia mfranga ya balongi, dilengeja dia difutu, ne dilengejibua
• Dimanyisha dia kuipata, dikuba dia muena lukanu udi kayi mu diumvuangana ne mikenji, ne diambuluisha dia tshimpitshimpi dia kufutshila nzubu
• Mukanda wa nomba ya tshimpitshimpi

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Federal Trade Commission (FTC): Credit Practices Rule (16 C.F.R. § 444.3 - Bienzedi bia Cosigner bidi kabiyi biakane ne Dimanyisha dia Dilomba dia Cosigner Disclosures).
• Biro bia bukubi bua makuta a badi basumba bintu (CFPB): Malu manene adi atangila mudimu wa dilomba dia makuta a balongi (Dibenga kulekela dia makuta a balongi ne dipangisha dia dipanga dia makuta muinshi mua 15 U.S.C. § 1650(g)).
• Kasumbu ka mikenji ya muomumue ne tshilongelu tshia mikenji ya bena Amerike: Mukenji wa malu a bungenda (UCC) Kanungu ka 9, bitupa 9-610, 9-611, 9-614, ne 9-625 (Dimanyisha dia dilomba dia difila dia bintu kudi bafidi ba mikanda).
• Californie Civil Code (§ 1799.91 & § 1785.26) & New York General Obligations Law (§ 15-702): Dikuba dia mikenji ya ditunga bua bantu badi bafila mfranga.
• United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) & Australian Banking Association: UK Consumer Credit Act 1974 Guarantor Affordability Rules and Australian Banking Code Part 4 Guarantor Protections.