Tshibumba tshia mashika tshia kuulu kua nzubu tshidi ne mashika makole: Milonda idi ipueka, mateyi maume, ne Gaz wa mu tshina tshia mâyi udi upingana kunyima¶

Padi tshipepele tshikole tshia mu Arctique anyi mashika makole a mu muvu wa mashika apuekesha luya lua pambelu muinshi mua -15 to -30 degrés Celsius (5 to -22 degrés Fahrenheit) munkatshi mua butuku bua bungi, bena nzubu batu bajuka misangu ya bungi bua kumona bualu budi kabuyi bumanyike bua malu a mâyi: dîba dionso didi muntu usukula tshina tshia mâyi anyi usukula mâyi a mu tshina tshia mâyi, udi uya mu tshina tshia mâyi udi ukuata, ututa bipese binene bia kapepe, anyi ubanda too ne ku muelelu kumpala kua kupatula mâyi bitekete bitekete, tshina tshia kuowela mâyi tshia pabuipi ne tshia kuowa mâyi tshia kuowa mâyi tshidi tshipatula mutoyi mukole wa mutoyi wa kunua anyi wa dikuma, ne mu mêba makese nzubu udi ununka mayi mabole (hydrogen sulfide) ne gaz wa tshina tshia mâyi. Bu mudi milonda yonso ya mayi idi munda mua bimanu bidi ne kapia itshidi anu ipita bimpe, bantu ba bungi batu bela meji ne: muonji wabu munene wa mâyi a muinshi mua buloba mmukanga. Mu bulelela, muena tshibawu udi musombe ku mutu kua nzubu: kapepe ka luya, ka mu tshina tshia mâyi (15 to 22 degrees Celsius / 60 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit ku 100% relative humidity) udi wenda ubanda mu tshibandilu tshia tshiamu tshia bukoya-tshiamu (DWV) stack pipe udi ukuma ku muelelu wa pipe udi muinshi mua zero udi upatuka pa mutu pa nzubu ne udi unyanguka tshitupa ku tshitupa mu dome wa white hoarfrost ne rime ice, ukanga njila wa luya wa tshiamu tshia plombier muulu. Shi milonda yebe idi ikola ne mupuya wa tshina tshia mâyi udi ubuela mu nzubu yebe mu tshikondo tshia mashika makole, kubandi nansha kakese pa mutu pa nzubu udi ne mashika, tangila tshietu milonda ya mayi mashika mulombodi wa tshimpitshimpi, wetu bulombodi bua mupuya wa P-trap mupuya wa gaz ne methane, ne wetu bulombodi bunene bua dikanga dia mayi ne dibuela dia mâyi, ne ikala ne muaba webe nomba ya tshimpitshimpi udi mudiakaje pikala bipese bia luya bia mu tshikuku bia mudimu mukole bikale kabidi ne mashika ne bienza bua se: kapepe ka monoxide de carbone kapatuke.

Milonda ya mayi kayena mua kupitshila bimpa padi lupepele lua mu lupepele kaluyi lubuela kunyima kua tshina tshia mayi tshidi tshipueka to, anu mudi mayi apita paudi ukudimuna mulondo udi ne nshingu mukese. Tshidi tshibi menemene ntshia se: padi tshina tshia mâyi tshidibu basukule tshituma 6 litre (1,6 gallons) ya mâyi adi apuekela mu tshibumba tshia buloba tshidi tshibuikila ne neje, piston wa mâyi udi upona udi wenza tshitupa tshia mâyi tshidi katshiyi ne tshintu (negative pressure) kunyima kuawu udi ukoka tshibuikidiji tshia mayi tshidi tshiimana buludiludi mu tshina tshia kuowela mâyi, tshia kuowa mâyi, ne tshia kuowa mâyi tshia P-traps tshidi pabuipi, tshiunzulula **mulonda wa gaz wa 38- too ne ku 50-millimetre (1.5- too ne ku 2-inch) udi kauyi mukanga udi ufumina mu tshina tshia mâyi a mu tshina tshia mâyi anyi mu tshina tshia mâyi tshidi tshibuela buludiludi mu nzubu yenu.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. KUbanda pa mutu pa nzubu mubuikila kudi neje anyi ne mashika bua kumbusha neje mu tshina tshia mâyi. Bena nzubu ba bungi mu muvu wa mashika batu batapika padibu bakuluka pa mutu pa nzubu udi ne mashika ne marto, bibombi anyi bibandilu kupita mudibu bapeta njiwu kudi tshina tshia mâyi tshidi tshipatuka bitekete bitekete. Ubwanya kubandaula ne kulengeja tshibuelelu tshia luya lua pa mutu pa nzubu tshidi ne mashika 100 pa lukama munda mua nzubu anyi panshi ku diambuluisha dia mushindu wa difila dia kapia ka mu nzubu wa kuulu, mushindu wa tshiamu tshia luya tshia kuulu, anyi tshiamu tshia luya tshia mu nzubu.
2. Tangila diakamue tshiamu tshiebe tshia Carbon Monoxide (CO) ne ujingulule ne: milonda yebe ya mu tshikuku, ya mu tshikuku, anyi ya mu tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mâyi ki mmikanga to. Tshikondo tshimue tshimue tshia muinshi mua zero (-20 C / -4 F) ne hoarfrost udi ufila mashika mu tshibumba tshia DWV tshidi mua kuenza tshibuikidiji tshia mashika pa tshibumba tshia kuulu anyi tshia ku luseke tshia PVC tshidi tshipatuka kapia bua tshioshelu tshia gaz anyi tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi tshia mushinga mukole. Ikala mujadike ne: biamu biebe bia CO bidi bienza mudimu ne tangila panshi ne: luya ludi lupatuka mu mishipa yebe ya kapia.
3. Uja tshiamu tshionso tshia kuowela mâyi, tshia kuowa mâyi, tshia kuowa mâyi, ne tshia kuowela mâyi tshia panshi diakamue ne 500 millilitres (2 cups) ya mâyi mashika panyima pa disukula dionso dia mu tshina tshia mâyi. Dîba dionso didi tshina tshia mâyi tshisukula muinshi mua tshiibi tshia kuulu tshidi ne mashika, tshipepele tshibi tshidi tshikosa tshibumba tshia mâyi tshidi tshienza bu U (P-trap) muume munda mua bintu bidi pabuipi, nangananga mateyi a kuowa mâyi adi kaayi makole, bisuku bia pa mutu, ne milonda ya muinshi mua buloba. Enza pompi wa mashika mu tshina tshionso tshia kuowa mâyi ne mu tshina tshia kuowa mâyi munkatshi mua 5 sekonde panyima pa wewe mumane kusukula tshiibi tshia kuowa mâyi bua kupingaja tshibuikidiji tshia mâyi ne kupangisha sulfure d’hydrogène (H2S) ne methane udi ututa (CH4) gaz wa tshina tshia mâyi.
4. Lekela kuenza mudimu ne mayi a bungi (mashinyi a kusukula nawu bilamba, milonda ya kuowa mâyi, ne disukula dia mu tshina tshia mâyi musangu umue) too ne padi tshiibi tshijika. Tshintu tshimue tshia kuowa mâyi tshidi tshipatula luya lukese menemene, kadi tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi bilamba tshidi tshinyunguluka (60 liters / 16 gallons per minute) anyi tshina tshia kuowa mâyi tshidi tshienza dishintuluka dinene dia luya munda mua tshina tshikanga, tshipuekesha bipepele bia mu tshina tshia mâyi mu nzubu ya kuinshi ne tshipuekesha mateyi a kuulu.
5. Patuka pambelu mu lupangu ne tshiamu tshia kutangila natshi bintu anyi tshiamu tshia foto tshia ku telefone bua kutangila tshiamu tshia kuulu tshia nzubu tshidi panshi. Tangila 50- to 100-millimeter (2- to 4-inch) PVC, ABS, cast-iron, anyi copper pipe tshidi tshipatuka pa mutu pa nzubu webe wa kuowa mâyi. Shi muelelu wa tshiamu udi ne tshifulu tshitoka tshia mushroom cap anyi snow-cone of hoarfrost kayi ne tshina tshifiike tshidi tshimueneka, udi mujadike ne: tshibumba tshia kuulu tshidi ne mashika (frost closure) pamutu pa tshibuikidiji tshia tshina tshia muinshi mua buloba.
6. Banda mu nzubu wa kuulu (bikalaku mushindu) ne ulengeje tshiamu tshia kuulu tshidi tshiimana kuinshi kua tshisasa tshia kuulu. Mu nzubu mipite pa 85 pa lukama, tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshikola anu ku mutu kua 15 too ne ku 30 santimetre (6 too ne ku 12 inches) muaba uditshi tshipita mu nzubu wa kuulu udi ne mashika ne mu nzubu udi ukenkesha. Kulengeja bitekete bitekete tshimanu tshia milonda munda mua nzubu wa kuulu ne tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi nsuki tshidi pa bule bua munkatshi (tshidi tshilama 15 cm / 6 inches kule ne PVC/ABS) anyi tshiamu tshia thermostatic pipe heating cable tshidi tshifunda mu UL tshidi tshilengeja tshibuikidiji tshia mashika tshidi tshipatuka ku bimanu bia munda bua tshilamba tshia mashika tshipueka panshi ne tshibuele mu tshina tshia mâyi.

Mutshi wa dipangadika: Kujingulula tshiibi tshia kuulu tshia nzubu tshidi ne mashika anyi tshibuelelu tshia mâyi a muinshi mua buloba ne dilengeja dia mashika¶

Ingidija mutshi wa mapangadika eu bua kujadika ni milonda yebe idi ifumina ku tshibuelelu tshia luya lua kuulu anyi ku tshina tshia mâyi tshia muinshi mua buloba tshidi tshikanga, ne usungula mushindu mutambe buimpe wa dilengeja dia munda.

flowchart TD
    Start["Nzubu ya tshilala benyi idi ne mupuya wa mashika, idi ipatuka bitekete bitekete, anyi mupuya wa kapepe ka mu tshina tshia mâyi tshidi tshibole mu tshikondo tshia mashika makole (-15 C / 5 F anyi kupita apu)"] --> CO_Check["KUMPALA: Tangila bimanyinu bia CO ne ikala ujadika ne: mishipa ya kapia ya mu tshikuku anyi ya mu tshikuku kayena ne mashika to"]

    CO_Check --> DiagTest{"1. Mâyi adi apingana mu tshina tshia muinshi mua buloba tshia muinshi mua buloba paudi wela tshina tshia mâyi kuulu anyi?"}

    DiagTest -->|"EYOWA: Mashinyi a bukoya/mashinyi adi apatuka mu tshina tshia kuinshi tshia kuinshi"| MainSewerClog["MUSHINDU MUNENE WA MUSHINDU WA MU BULOBA WA MUSHINDU WA MU BULOBA: Mulonda wa kuinshi udi upatuka mu nzubu mmukanga; LEKELA mudimu wonso wa mayi ne ubikile mumanyi wa malu a tshina tshia mâyi anyi a tshina tshia mâyi"]

    DiagTest -->|"TSHIENA: Mâyi adi ajika, kadi nzubu ya tshilala benyi itu ipuekesha kapepe, ikola ne dîyi dikole, ne isuika P-traps ya mu tshina tshia mâyi anyi ya mu tshina tshia mâyi tshidi pabuipi"| FrostClosure["CONFIRMED FROZEN ROOF VENT STACK ('Frost Closure'): Lupepele kaluena mua kubuela anyi kupatuka ku mutu kua tshiamu tshia DWV"]

    FrostClosure --> RestoreTraps["MU MUSHINDU WA KUENZA: Ela 500 mL (2 nkopo) ya mayi mashika mu tshina tshionso tshia kuowa mâyi, mu tshina tshia mâyi, mu tshina tshia mâyi, ne mu tshina tshia panshi bua kuwuja kabidi P-traps"]

    RestoreTraps --> GroundLook["Patuka pambelu ne lunete/tshiamu tshia ku telefone: Tangila milonda ya luya lua kuulu bua kupeta tshibumba tshitoka tshia hoarfrost mushroom"]

    GroundLook --> AtticCheck{"2. Udiku ne muaba wa kuulu anyi wa tshimanu tshia binu udi mua kufika kuinshi kua tshiibi tshia kuulu anyi?"}

    AtticCheck -->|"EYOWA: Muaba wa kuulu udi mua kufika"| AtticThaw["MUSHINDU MUIMPE (ATTIC THAW): 1. Teka tshiamu tshia 50-100 mm (2-4 in) tshia PVC/ABS/Iron vent pipe muinshi mua tshisasa tshia nzubu 2. Kaja pambelu pa pipe bitekete bitekete ne tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi nsuki pa bilamba bia munkatshi, bia kapia, anyi kutshibuikila ne tshilamba tshia UL heat pipe Wrap 3 pipe mu tshitupa tshinene tshia tshilamba."]

    AtticCheck -->|"NO: Tshisasa tshia tshisasa tshia ntempelo anyi tshisasa tshibalakane tshidi katshiyi ne tshibuelelu tshia kuulu"| VentFlush{"3. Kudi tshintu tshia kusukula natshi luya lua mu nzubu wa kuulu, AAV tee, anyi tshibumba tshia luya tshiume tshidi mua kufika anyi?"}

    VentFlush -->|"EYOWA: Tshintu tshia kusukula natshi luya tshia mu nzubu wa kuulu anyi tshia kuulu tshidi mua kufika"| SaltFlush["Kangula tshibuikidiji tshia kuulu tshia tshipepele tshiume bitekete bitekete; Ela tshintu tshikese tshia 6 mm (1/4 in) tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi ne mayi a mukele (kaayi apela) bua kulengeja tshibuikidiji tshia mabue a mashika NE kushiya tshibuikidiji tshipanduluke kakese (ne tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi) anyi kuteka tshiamu tshia Air Admittance Valve (AAV) tshia tshitupa tshîpi muinshi mua tshina tshia mâyi"]

    VentFlush -->|"TSHIENA: Kakuena tshisasa tshia kuulu anyi tshipepele tshiume ne tshikondo tshidi ne mashika a bungi bua bamanyi"| TempAAV["MU MUSHINDU WA KUENZA MU MUSHINDU WA KUENZA MU MUSHINDU: 1. Ela mayi a kapia mu tshina tshia kuowa mâyi ne mu tshina tshia mâyi munkatshi mua minite 20 bua luya lua kapia ludi lubanda lulengeja neje idi ifumina kuinshi 2. Uwuje kabidi P-traps kunyima kua disukula dionso 3. Teka tshiamu tshia Studor/AAV tshidi muinshi mua tshina tshia kuowa mâyi"]

Tshibumba tshia luya lua kuulu ne tshibumba tshia muinshi mua buloba: Mushindu kayi wa kumanya dishilangana mu minite 2¶

Kumpala kua kutula dolare 400 bua kubikila mashinyi a tshimpitshimpi bua kukuata mulongo wa tshina tshia mâyi a mu lupangu luebe lua kumpala pa dîba dia midi mu tshipepele tshikole, enza mudimu ne tablo wa dikonkonona eu bua kusunguluja dikanga dia mashika a mu nzubu ne dikanga dia tshina tshia mâyi tshia muinshi mua buloba.

Fizike wa "Frost Closure" ne mushindu udi tshiibi tshia kuulu tshia mashika tshikosa P-traps yebe¶

1. Bua tshinyi lupepele lua mu tshina tshia mâyi ludi luenda lukola ku muelelu kua nzubu¶

Nzubu webe udi upatula mâyi a bukoya (DWV) i tshina tshia kapia tshidi tshilamakaja tshina tshia mâyi a mu tshimenga anyi tshina tshia mâyi a mu tshimenga kupitshila ku bimanu biebe too ne muulu udi pa mutu pa nzubu webe. Mashinyi a tshina tshia mâyi ne a septic tanks adi ashala ku 12 too ne ku 18 degrés Celsius (54 to ne 65 degrés Fahrenheit) tshidimu tshijima, ne mayi a kapia adi apuekesha 45-degree-Celsius (113-degree-Fahrenheit) luya mu milonda. Bu mudi kapepe ka luya, ka luya kakole, tshilongo tshia 100-percent-humidity water vapor tshidi tshibanda mêba 24 ku dituku pa mutu pa tshibuelelu tshia luya.

Bu mudi luya lua kapia elu lubuela mu 1 too ne ku 1,5 metre (3 too ne ku 5 feet) wa ndekelu wa pipe udi upitshila mu nzubu wa kuulu udi kayi ne kapia (-15 C / 5 F) ne kulamakaja 30 too ne ku 45 santimetre (12 too ne ku 18 inches) mu diulu dia butuku dia muinshi mua zero (-25 C / -13 F), tshimanu tshia milonda tshidi tshipatuka tshidi tshipueka kule menemene 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit). Divula dia luya didi dipita mu dibueja dia buludiludi mu mabue a mashika adi ne masala (hoarfrost) pa tshimanu tshia munda. Bipese bia mashika matoke bidi bikola munda bu mudi iris udi ukanga too ne padi tshina tshia munkatshi tshikanga muinshi mua tshibumba tshikole tshia neje. Muinshi mua Mukenji wa dienza dia mayi (IPC tshitupa tshia 903.2), Mukenji wa dilongolola dia mayi (UPC tshitupa tshia 906.7), ne Mukenji wa dilongolola dia mayi wa mu Canada (NPC tshitupa tshia 2.5.6.5), dilengeja dia tshiibi tshia kuulu kua nzubu mu miaba idi ne mashika didi ne tshia kuikala dibandishibua too ne ku 170s too ne ku 300s too ne ku 4 inches)** nansha 30 centimètres (12 inches) munda mua tshilamba tshia kapia kumpala kua kubuela mu tshisasa; nzubu idi ne 38- anyi 50-millimetre (1-1/2- or 2-inch) miaba ya kuulu idi ikola lukasa.

2. Negative Vacuum Trap Siphoning vs. Positive Toilet Blow-By¶

Tshina tshionso tshia kuowa mâyi, tshia kuowela mâyi, tshia kuowa mâyi, ne tshia kuowela mâyi panshi bidi bimanyine pa P-trap mukosa udi ne tshintu tshidi katshiyi tshikole tshia 50- too ne ku 100-millimetre (2- to ne 4-inch) tshia mâyi adi masombe (the trap seal) bua kukanga gaz wa tshina tshia mâyi. Padi tshiibi tshia kuulu tshia nzubu tshikanga, mayi onso adi apatuka adi ateka bipese bia mayi abi ku bukole bubidi bua kapepe: - Ngative Pressure (Vacuum Trap Siphoning): Paudi usukula tshiibi tshia kuulu, 6 litres (1.6 gallons) ya mayi idi ipueka mu tshibumba tshidi tshiimana bu piston. Bu mudiku kakuyi kapepe kadi mua kubuela mu tshiibi tshia kuulu tshia nzubu tshidi ne mashika, tshipepele tshidi tshipueka tshidi tshienza negative-pressure vacuum (-500 to -1,500 Pascals / 2 to 6 inches of water column) munda mua matamba a kuulu adi akuata mayi adi afumina mu tshina tshia mâyi tshidi pabuipi anyi mu tshina tshia mâyi tshia P-trap, ashiya tshina tshiume ne tshiunzulula njila udi uya buludiludi mu tshina tshia mâyi. - Positive Back-Pressure (Toilet Bowl Blow-By): Kuinshi kua tshibumba tshia tshiibi, lupepele ludi luenda lupita kumpala kua tshina tshia mâyi tshidi tshipona kaluena mua kupatuka pa mutu pa nzubu to, nunku ludi lupingana panyima kupitshila mu tshina tshia ku tshiibi tshia kuinshi, luela luya lua mu tshina tshia mâyi mu tshina tshia mâyi.

4 Mishindu mimpa ya kujikija luya lua mashika lua kuulu kua nzubu kuyi uteka dikasa pa mutu pa nzubu udi ne mashika¶

Kubandi nansha kakese pa tshibandilu tshia mashika anyi kuenda pa mabue a kuulu a mu muvu wa mashika. Ingidija umue wa ku mishindu inayi eyi idi kayiyi ne njiwu mu nzubu:

Mushindu 1: Mushindu wa kufila kapia munda mua nzubu wa tshisasa ne wa kulama kapia (mutambe buimpe ne mutambe buimpe)¶

Shi udi na tshiibi tshia kuulu anyi tshibandilu tshia kupueka kuinshi kua nzubu webe: 1. Angata muendu, tshiamu tshia kuowesha natshi nsuki, tshingoma tshia kulamakaja natshi nsuki, ne tshibombi tshia tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi nsuki (minimum 25 mm / 1-inch wall thickness) mu nzubu wa kuulu. 2. Keba muaba udi PVC (mutoke), ABS (mufike), tshiamu tshia mitaku, anyi tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshipita mu tshilamba tshia kuulu. Kukuma ku mutu kua santimetre 30 too ne ku 60 (1 too ne ku 2 feet) ya tshiamu tshidi kuinshi kua tshisasa tshia nzubu kudi kupatula mutoyi mukole, mutoyi pikala mashika mapite muinshi mua mulongo wa nzubu. 3. Kulengeja pambelu pa tshiamu tshia nzembu bitekete bitekete kumbukila munda mua nzubu wa kuulu: - Bikala tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku: Lungila tshilamba tshia nzembu tshia nzembu tshidi tshileja UL mu tshijengu tshia ku mutu kua metre 1 (3 feet) wa tshiamu tshia mitaku too ne kuinshi kua tshilamba tshia kuulu, anyi kuata tshiamu tshia kuowesha natshi nsuki pa mutu pa tshimanu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku. Tshiamu tshidi tshilombola kapia lukasa muulu kupitshila ku tshisasa tshidi tshikenka, tshilengeja malanda adi pankatshi pa tshibuikidiji tshia mashika ne tshimanu tshia mulonda mu minite 15 too ne ku 25. - Bikala PVC mutoke anyi ABS mufike: Kuenza mudimu nansha kakese ne tshiamu tshia kapia tshidi tshipatuka anyi tshingoma tshia kapia tshidi tshimbusha peinture to (plastic softens above 60 C / 140 F). Kuata tshiamu tshia kuowesha natshi nsuki pa kapia ka munkatshi wenda ubanda ne upuekesha pa mutu pa 45 centimètres (18 inches) ya tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi muinshi mua tshisasa (ulama tshintu tshia kuowa natshi 15 centimètres / 6 inches kule bua plastique ikale ne kapia kakole ku tshianza tshiebe), NANSHA uteke bilamba bia kuowela nabi mu tshibombi tshia plastique mu tshibombi tshia mayi. 4. Teleja "Clunk-Whoosh" Drop ne Insulate Immediately: Diakamue padi kapia kakese kakaja tshimanu tshia pipe ku 1 degré pa mutu pa mashika, tshibuikidiji tshia mashika tshidi tshipatuka ne tshipueka panshi mu pipe wa stack vertical ne clunk, tshinyanguka kakuyi bualu mu tshina tshia kuinshi. Buikila bule buonso bua tshina tshia luya ne tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikole ne tshiamu tshia fibre de verre too ne ku tshibandilu tshia nzubu bua luya ludi luenda lushala lukole too ne padilu lupatuka pa mutu pa nzubu.

Mushindu 2: Tshiamu tshia kuowa mâyi tshia kapia ne tshiamu tshia kuowela mâyi tshia "Upward Steam Column" (Kakuyi mushindu wa kubuela mu nzubu wa kuulu)¶

Shi nzubu weba wa kuowela udi muinshi mua tshisasa tshikole anyi tshisasa tshidi katshiyi ne njila wa kuulu, windile too ne ku dîba dia luya dia mu mapingaja (1:00 PM to 3:00 PM), ndaku ku nzubu wa kuowa mâyi wa kuulu menemene muinshi mua tshibumba tshia mashika tshia kuulu, ne ubalulule pompi wa mâyi a kapia mu tshina tshia kuowa mâyi NE robinet wa mâyi a kapia ku musulu udi kauyi ushintuluka, udi mu tshitupa tshîpi (49 to 54 degrees Celsius / 120 to 130 degrees Fahrenheit) mu minite 20 too ne ku 30. Bu mudi mayi a kapia akolesha tshilamba tshia munda mua tshimanu, adi atuma tshilongo tshia 45-degree-Celsius (113-degree-Fahrenheit) luya luenda luenda buludiludi mu tshina tshia luya lutangile kuulu, lulengeja njila wa kupuyakana mu bimanu bia mashika bidi muinshi mua nzubu.

Mushindu 3: Disukula dia tshiibi tshia kuulu tshia mayi a mukele¶

Shi tshisasa tshia kuulu anyi muaba wa kuulu udi ne tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi (test tee) buludiludi pa tshibandilu tshiume tshia tshiibi pa mutu pa tshibandilu tshia tshibandilu tshitambe bunene, sangisha 4 litre (1 gallon) ya mayi a mu pompi a kapia (KAYI a kutoka) (45 C / 113 F) ne grame 500 (nkopo 2) ya mukele wa ku mesa anyi wa mukele wa mabue (sodium chloride) too ne padibi binyanguka (eutectic freezing point -21 C / -6 F). Kufila mayi a mukele a kapia kupitshila ku tshina tshia mâyi ne mu tshibombi tshikese mu tshina tshia kuulu tshia tshipepele tshiume kudi kujimija bipese bia mashika bidi kabiyi bienza mashika munda mua tshina tshia mashika.

Mushindu 4: Dikuatshisha dia tshimpitshimpi mu nzubu (Kuteka tshiamu tshia kubueja natshi kapepe muinshi mua tshina) AAV)¶

Shi i -30 degrees Celsius (-22 degrees Fahrenheit) pambelu ne tshipepele tshikole, kuena ne mushindu wa kubuela mu nzubu wa kuulu to, ne tshibumba tshinene tshia neje tshidi pa mutu pa nzubu katshiakunyanguka too ne padi munya upingana, udi mua kupingaja dibueja dia kapepe ka mu nzubu (vacuum relief) muinshi mua tshina tshia kuowa mâyi mu minite 15 kakuyi muntu ubanda pa mutu pa nzubu: 1. Sumba Air Admittance Valve (AAV / Studor Vent, ASSE 1051 / EN 12380 mujadika, $20 ku tshisalu tshionso tshia bintu bia mudimu). 2. Muinshi mua tshina tshia kuowa mâyi tshia kuulu tshidi pabuipi ne tshina tshia mâyi tshidi tshienza mupuya, umbusha tshiamu tshia 38-millimeter (1-1/2-inch) P-trap arm udi uya mu tshimanu ne uteka slip-joint AAV tee adapter udi ne tshintu tshidi tshibandila ne Air Admittance Valve muteka muulu muinshi mua tshina tshia mâyi. 3. Dîba dionso didi tshiibi tshia tshiibi tshisukula ne tshienza tshipepele tshibi munda mua milonda ya mâyi, diaphragme wa njila umua udi munda mua AAV wa muinshi mua tshina tshia mâyi udi unzulula bua sekonde 2, ulekela kapepe ka mu nzubu kabuela mu tshina tshia mâyi bua kutshibula tshina tshia mâyi bua tshiibi tshiebe tshikale tshisukula bimpe ne **P-telefone **upueka. Diakamue padi disukula dijika, tshiamu tshia diaphragme tshidi tshikanga bikole, tshikanga 100 pa lukama ya gaz wa mu tshina tshia mâyi.

Dikuba dia kashidi mu muvu wa mashika: 5 dilengejibua bua tshiibi tshia kuulu tshia nzubu tshiebe katshiyi tshikanga kabidi¶

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

• États-Unis ne Canada:
• Dikuba dia muoyo, mupuya wa gaz, anyi tshilumbu tshia tshimpitshimpi tshia monoxide de carbone: Bikila 911 diakamue pikala alarme wa monoxide de carbone udila (udi uleja ne: tshiibi tshia mu tshikuku anyi tshia mu tshikuku tshiebe tshidi kabidi tshikanga) anyi wewe kuyi mua kumanya ni mupuya mukole wa gaz udi gaz naturel (mercaptan) anyi gaz wa tshina tshia mâyi (hydrogen sulfide).
• Mikenji ya dikanga dia mashika: Ilombodibua kudi Mikenji ya dienza dia mayi ya pa buloba bujima (IPC Section 903.2: minimum 75 mm / 3-inch roof extension inserted 300 mm / 12 inches inside the thermal envelope), **Uniform Plumbing (Uniform Plumbing Desection (Cup, 903.9), ne 907. Mukenji wa ditunga dia Canada wa malu a mayi (NPC kanungu ka 2.5.6.5).
• Bukalenge bua ditunga:
• Malu a tshimpitshimpi a gaz anyi a muishi: Bikila Tshibambalu tshia malu a tshimpitshimpi tshia gaz tshia ditunga ku 0800 111 999 shi udi wela meji ne: gaz wa nzembu udi upatuka pamue ne mupuya wa tshina tshia mâyi, anyi 999 bua diambuluisha dia kusungila kapia.
• Mulonda wa buloba (SVP) Mikenji: Ilombodibua kudi Mikenji ya nzubu mianyishibue kudi mukanda H (Tshitupa H1) ne BS EN 12056-2. Mu UK, pambelu 110 mm (4-inch) PVC-U buloba ne milonda ya luya (SVPs) misangu ya bungi batu bajikija munda mua nzubu wa kuulu ku diambuluisha dia BS EN 12380 A1-rated Air Admittance Valve (Durgo valve). Tangila ni bipese bia Durgo bidi ne tshibuikidiji tshia polystyrene tshia mashika.
• Buobumue bua matunga a ku Mputu:
• Midimu ya tshimpitshimpi: Bikila 112 mu matunga onso adi mu UE. Mu Allemagne (DIN 1986-100 / EN 12056), mu Scandinavie, ne mu bitupa bia Alpes, bipese bia luya lua kuulu (Lüftungsleitungen über Dach) udi ne tshia kulama mujima DN 100 tshitupa tshia nkuruse tshidi katshiyi ne bimanu bikese bia nyunyi bidi ne mabue a mashika (Reifverschluss), ne munda mua Valve ya dibuela dia kapepe (Belüftungsventile bilondeshile EN 12380) udi ne tshia kuikala mu miaba idi kayiyi ne mashika.
• Australie ne Nouvelle-Zélande:
• Midimu ya tshimpitshimpi: Bikila 000 mu Australie anyi 111 mu Nouvelle-Zélande. Mu bitupa bia mikuna bia NSW, Victoria, Tasmanie, ne tshidila tshia ku Sud tshia Nouvelle-Zélande, milonda ya luya (DN 50 anyi DN 100) udi ne tshia kuikala mukubibue ku dijika dia mabue a mashika ne ku dikanga dia mashika bilondeshile AS/NZS 3500.2.
• India ne Asia-Pacifique:
• Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi: Bikila 112 mu India; 119 mu Japon ne mu Corée du Sud; 995 mu Singapour. Ku nord kua Japon (MLIT SHASE-S 206 standards) ne Corée du Sud, bipese bia luya lua kuulu kua nzubu mu miaba idi ne neje mikole bidi bienza mudimu ne bimanu bibidi bidi ne tshiamu tshia kujika natshi neje.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Mmunyi mundi mua kumanya ni mupuya wa diyi dibole mu nzubu muanyi udi gaz wa mu tshina tshia mâyi tshia P-trap muume anyi gaz naturel udi ne njiwu?¶

Bionso bibidi, gaz wa mu tshina tshia mâyi (udi ne hydrogène sulfure) ne gaz naturel wa mudimu anyi propane (udi ne mupuya wa ethyl mercaptan) bidi binunkila bu mai mabole. Shi mupuya udi mukola, mutangalake, nansha muikale ne mutoyi wa tshiona pabuipi ne tshiamu tshia gaz anyi tshipiminu, umbuka diakamue kuyi ushintulula tshiamu tshia nzembu ne ubikile 911/112/999 anyi tshibambalu tshiebe tshia gaz pambelu. Shi mupuya udi mutyetye, udi munda mua tshiibi tshia kuowela diakamue kunyima kua tshiibi tshia kuowela, ne ujimina mu minite 10 kunyima kua wewe mumane kuela 500 millilitres (2 nkopo) ya mayi mashika mu tshina tshia kuowa mâyi ne mu tshina tshia kuowa mâyi bua kuwuja kabidi P-traps ne kutshibula dididishi, uvua gaz wa tshina tshia mâyi uvua upatuka mu tshina tshiume.

Bua tshinyi diela mayi a kapia mu tshiibi tshianyi kadivua dilengeje tshiibi tshia mâyi tshivua pa mutu pa nzubu to?¶

Mu nzubu ya tshina tshia mâyi tshia Drain-Waste-Vent (DWV), mayi adibu bapuekesha mu tshiibi adi aya panshi kupitshila mu tshina tshia mâyi tshidi muinshi mua buloba batangile ku tshina tshia mâyi tshia mu njila, kadi tshina tshia luya tshidi tshibuela muulu panyima pa tshimanu tshitangile kuulu ne katshiena tshiya ne mâyi to. Kupongolola mayi a kapia mu tshibombi tshia tshiibi kudi kutuma mayi a kapia mu tshina tshia mâyi tshia muinshi mua buloba eku kushiya tshina tshia kapepe tshiume tshia metre 5 (16 feet) pa mutu pa mutu webe mu nzubu wa kuulu udi ne mashika. Tshidi tshibi menemene ntshia se: kuela mâyi a kapia mu tshina tshia mashika tshia tshiamu tshia porcelaine kudi kutshibula tshibombi tshia tshiamu tshia vitre ne kunyangakaja tshilamba tshia panshi. Ela mayi a kapia a mu pompi mu tshina tshia kuulu tshia kuulu ne kuowa mâyi munkatshi mua minite 20 anyi 30 bua luya ludi luenda luvula lufike ku tshibuelelu tshia luya luume.

Ndi mua kuela antigel (RV propylene glycol) mu tshina tshianyi tshia kuowela P-traps bua bikale bilekela kuela mâyi pandi nsukula tshiibi tshia kuowa mâyi anyi?¶

Kupongolola antigel wa RV udi kayi ne buanga (`propylene glycol`) mu P-trap udi anu ukandika mayi adi munda mua U-bend au bua kuikala mashika mu nzubu udi kayi ne kapia; kabiena mua kukandika tshiamu tshia mashika tshia kuulu kua nzubu bua kukoka mâyi mu diteyi paudi wela mâyi mu tshina tshia mâyi to. Padibu bakanga tshiibi tshia kuulu kua nzubu ne mashika, tshipepele tshidi tshipatuka kudi litre 6 (1,6 gallons) ya mâyi a mu tshiibi tshidi tshikoka mâyi onso adi munda mua tshina tshia mâyi anyi tshia mu tshina tshia mâyi tshidi pabuipi apu buludiludi mu tshina tshia mâyi. Uwuje kabidi P-trap ne dikopo dia mayi mashika a mu pompi kunyima kua disukula dionso anyi uteke tshiamu tshia muinshi mua tshina tshia mâyi too ne padi tshiibi tshia kuulu tshijika.

Bua tshinyi anu nzubu umue wa kuowa mâyi mu nzubu muanyi ke udi ulenga ne ununka bu gaz wa tshina tshia mâyi mu tshikondo tshia mashika makole eku nzubu mukuabu wa kuowa mâyi wenza mudimu bimpe?¶

Nzubu ya bungi ya bisasa bibidi idi ne bipese bia bungi bia kuulu, anyi idi ne bipese bikese bia 38- too ne ku 50-millimetre (1.5- to 2-inch) bidi bienza mudimu mu nzubu munene wa kuowa mâyi anyi mu tshikuku tshia ku luseke lua tshibumba tshinene tshia buloba tshia 75- to 100-millimetre (3- to ne ku 4-inch). Bu mudi mulonda mukese wa 50-millimetre (2-inch) muikale anu ne tshia binayi tshia tshitupa tshia munda tshia mulonda wa 100-millimetre (4-inch) ne misangu ya bungi udi wenda mu njila mule mu nzubu wa kuulu udi ne mashika, tshina tshikese atshi tshidi tshikola ne mashika a bungi ku -18 degrés Celsius (0 degre Farenh) eku tshibumba tshinene tshishala tshiunzulula.

Tshiamu tshia mashika tshia kuulu tshia nzubu tshidi mua kupatuka ne kuenza bua mayi apatuke mu plafond wa nzubu wanyi padiwu anyanguka anyi?¶

Tòo, dibuikila dia mashika ku mutu kua tshibumba tshia kuulu kua nzubu kadiena nansha dikosolola tshiamu tshia nzembu to, anu mudi tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshituta paditshi tshienza mashika. Bishilangane na tshiamu tshia mayi tshia mu nzubu tshikanga tshiuwule tente ne mayi a muinshi mua 400 kilopascals (60 psi), tshiamu tshia nzembu ntshia tshiamu tshia kapepe tshidi katshiyi ne bukole mudi mabue a mashika a mu nzubu adi afika pa bimanu bia munda. Ino, kukuma tshiamu tshia PVC tshia kuulu tshia nzubu ne marto anyi mutshi bua kutshibula neje nekutshibule plastike udi muinshi mua nzubu udi ukenka ne kupatula mayi a mvula mu nzubu wa kuulu dituku didi dilonda dia mashika.

Ndi ne tshia kuela tshilamba tshia mvula, T-top, anyi tshilamba tshia ku mutu kua nzubu wanyi bua kuepuka neje anyi?¶

Aa, mu miaba ya mashika mudi luya lua mu muvu wa mashika lupueka muinshi mua -10 degre Celsius (14 degre Fahrenheit), kusakidila tshilamba tshia mvula tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku, tshilamba tshia mushroom, anyi tshilamba tshia kujika natshi bikunyibua ku mutu kua tshibuelelu tshia mâyi kudi kuvudija njiwu ya dikanga dia mashika mu muvu wa mashika. Tshintu tshionso tshia tshiamu tshia mashika anyi tshilamba tshia mesh tshidi tshisombe ku luseke lua njila wa luya lua mashika lua 100 pa lukama tshidi tshienza mudimu bu tshiamu tshia condensateur tshidi tshienza mashika, tshisangisha mabue a mashika ne tshikanga mu butuku bumue budi kabuyi bufika ku zero. Mikenji ya malu a mayi idi ilomba bua milonda ya pa mutu pa nzubu ikale anu milonda mimane miunzuluke (`upsized to 75 to 100 mm / 3 to 4 inches in frost zones and insulated in the attic`).

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Milonda ya mashika: mushindu kayi wa kupeta tshibuikidiji tshia mashika, kulengeja milonda bimpe, ne kuepuka dibutuka
• Mupuya wa mafuta a muinshi mua buloba anyi wa gaz wa mu tshina tshia mâyi, P-trap wa tshina tshia panshi tshiume, ne methane
• Dikanga dia mayi manene ne tshina tshia kuowela anyi tshina tshia mâyi tshidi tshivula
• Neje mikole, mazuwa a mashika, ne dikuba dia nzubu ku dikuluka
• Mukanda wa nomba ya tshimpitshimpi

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• International Code Council (ICC): International Plumbing Code (IPC) Section 903.2 (Frost Closing: Minimum 3-Inch Roof Vent Extension and Thermal Envelope Increaser Requirements) and Section 918 (Air Admittance Valves / ASSE 1015).
• Tshipangu tshia makebulula tshia ditunga dia Canada (NRC): Mukenji wa ditunga dia Canada (NPC) Kanungu ka 2.5.6.5 (Biamu ne bukubi ku dikanga dia mashika pa nzubu ya tshiibi).
• Tshisumbu tshia matunga masanga tshia bena mudimu ba malu a mayi ne a biamu (IAPMO): Mukenji wa malu a mayi (UPC) tshitupa tshia 906.7 (Dikuba dia mashika anyi neje bua tshiibi tshia luya lua mashika).
• Tshilongelu tshia ditunga tshia bukubi ne makanda a mubidi (NIOSH) ne nzubu ya dikuba ne dikuba dia masama (CDC): Mukanda wa NIOSH udi utangila njiwu ya bintu bia tshimpitshimpi: mikalu ya dibuela dia sulfure wa hydrogène (H2S), ditshioka dia mupuya, ne bukubi bua luya lua mu nzubu.
• Société américaine de l'ingénierie sanitaire (ASSE): ASSE 1051 / ANSI Standard for Individual and Branch Type Air Admittance Valves for Sanitary Drainage Systems.