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Mohatsela o Hatselitsoeng oa Mohaho oa Plumbing Mohatselang o Feteletseng: Lisele tse Gurgling, Maraba a Omileng, le Khatello ea Khatello ea Khatello ea Khase ea likhoerekhoere.

Linomoro tsa maemo a tšohanyetso li fapana ho ea ka linaha. Leqephe lena le sebelisa 911, nomoro ea United States le Canada. Linaha tse ling tse ngata li sebelisa 112, 999, kapa nomoro e ’ngoe. Fumana nomoro ea naha ea heno.

Ha moea o batang oa Arctic kapa serame se tebileng sa mariha se oela ka ntle ho mocheso ka tlase ho ** -15 ho -30 degrees Celsius (5 ho -22 degrees Fahrenheit)** ka masiu a 'maloa, beng ba matlo ba lula ba tsoha ba utloa mohlolo o makatsang oa lipeipi: nako le nako ha motho a ntša ntloana kapa a ntša metsi ka sekotlolo sa ho hlapela , a ntša metsi a mangata, a ntša moea o motenya, moea o motenya. ho ea moqomong pele o tsoa ka botsoa, sinki e haufi ea ho hlapela le liphaephe tsa shaoara li ntša molumo o moholo ** oa ho anya kapa o reketlang **, 'me ka mor'a lihora tse seng kae ntlo e utloa monko oa mahe a bolileng (hydrogen sulfide) le khase ea likhoerekhoere e tala. Hobane lipeipi tsohle tsa phepelo ea metsi ka har'a mabota a futhumetseng li ntse li phalla ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, batho ba bangata ka phoso ba nka hore likhoerekhoere tsa bona tse ka tlas'a lefatše li koalehile. Ha e le hantle, molato o lutse ka holim'a ntlo: moea o futhumetseng, o mongobo oa likhoerekhoere (15 to 22 degrees Celsius / 60 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit ho 100% relative humidity) ho nyoloha ho sa khaotse ho ea holimo drain-waste-vent (DWV) peipi ea stack e otla lebili la peipi e ka tlase ho zero e hlahang marulelong, 'me e homisa mokato ka mokatong o tiileng tome ea serame se sesoeu le leqhoa la rime, e hokela tselana ea moea ea sistimi ea lipeipi ho ea leholimong. Haeba li-drain tsa hau li lla 'me monko oa likhoerekhoere o kena ka likamoreng tsa hau nakong ea serame se matla, **le ka mohla u se hloelle holim'a marulelo a leqhoa **, hlahloba rona lipeipi tsa metsi tse hatselitsoeng tataiso ea ho qhibiliha ha tšohanyetso, rona omileng P-trap khase ea likhoerekhoere le tataiso ea monko oa methane, le tsa rona sekoahelo se seholo sa lipeipi le tataiso ea ho phalla, 'me u boloke sebaka sa heno dinomoro tsa tshohanyetso e loketse haeba lipopi tsa sebōpi tse sebetsang hantle haholo li kentse leqhoa 'me li hlahisitse alamo ea carbon monoxide.

Li-drain tsa lipeipi li ke ke tsa phalla hantle ntle le hore moea oa sepakapaka o kene ka mor'a kholomo ea metsi a oelang, joalo ka li-glugs tsa metsi ha u khelosa botlolo e molala o moqotetsane. Ho hobe le ho feta, ha ntlwana e phophomang e romela lithara tse 6 (lithara tse 1.6) tsa metsi a theohelang mobung o otlolohileng oo marulelo a ona a koahetsoeng ke leqhoa, piston ea metsi e oelang e baka sebaka se matla negative pressure) ka mor'a eona e monyang tiiso ea metsi e emeng e otlolohile ka ntle ho **shaoara, bate, le sink P-traps **, e bulang phaephe ea khase e sa thijoang 38- ho isa ho 50-millimeter (1.5- ho isa ho 2-inch) ho tloha ka pompong ea likhoerekhoere kapa tanka ea likhoerekhoere ho ea ka likamoreng tsa hau.

Etsa sena hona joale

  1. ** LE KA mohla u se ke ua hloella holim'a marulelo a koahetsoeng ke lehloa kapa a koahetsoeng ke serame ho pshatla leqhoa peiping e ntšang metsi.* Beng ba matlo ba bangata ba mariha ba tsoile likotsi ha ba oela marulelong a leqhoa ka lihamore, ketlele kapa lilere ho feta ba lemalitsoeng ke ntloana e phallang butle. U ka hlahloba le ho qhibiliha marulelo a leqhoa ** karolo ea 100 lekholong ho tloha ka hare ho ntlo kapa ho tloha fatše ** u sebelisa mokhoa oa ho fetisetsa mocheso oa marulelo, mokhoa o ka holimo oa mouoane oa mouoane, kapa valve ea ho kena moeeng ka hare.
  2. Sheba hang-hang lialamo tsa hau tsa Carbon Monoxide (CO) 'me u netefatse hore sebōpi sa hau, lipeipi tsa metsi kapa liphaephe tse futhumatsang metsi HA LE tsona li koaletsoe ke serame. Le boemo ba leholimo bo tšoanang hantle le bo tlase ho zero (-20 C / -4 F) le serame se hoammeng marulelong a lipeipi tsa DWV se ka etsa polaka ea icecle ho tšela **ka holim'a marulelo kapa leboteng la PVC e kenyang mollo ** bakeng sa sebōpi sa khase se sebetsang hantle haholo kapa se futhumatsang metsi. Netefatsa hore li-detectors tsa CO li sebetsa 'me u hlahlobe ho tloha fatše hore mouoane o butsoela ka bolokolohi ke liphaephe tsa hau tsa ho futhumatsa.
  3. **Tlatsa sinki e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe, shaoara, bate le metsi a mokatong a P-trap hang-hang ka limililithara tse 500 (likopi tse 2) tsa metsi a batang ka mor'a hore ntloana e hlatsoe.P-trap) omella ka har'a lisebelisoa tse haufi, haholo maraba a shaoara a sa tebang, lisinki tse setseng, le liphaephe tse ka tlas'a lefatše. Tsamaisa pompo e batang ka sinking e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea ho hlapela le bate bakeng sa metsotsoana e 5 ka mor'a ho hloekisa ntloana ho khutlisetsa tiiso ea metsi le ho thibela chefo hydrogen sulfide (H2S) le methane e phatlohang (CH4) khase ea likhoerekhoere.
  4. Khaotsa ho phatloha ka metsi a mangata (mechini e hlatsoang, likotopo tsa libate, le metsi a matluoa ka nako e le 'ngoe) ho fihlela le lesoba le tlositsoe. Mochini o le mong oa sink o tlosa moea o monyane haholo, athe mochini o hlatsoang o bilika (60 liters / 16 gallons per minute) kapa thotobolo ea bateng e etsa hore ho be le khatello e matla ea moea ka har'a phaephe e tiisitsoeng, ho butsoela lipulumo tsa khase ea likhoerekhoere ho ea holimo ka matlwaneng a mokatong o ka tlase le ho omisa maraba a mokatong o ka holimo.
  5. Ea ka ntle ka jareteng ka libonela-hōle kapa k'hamera ea khamera ea mohala ho hlahloba phaephe e kenang marulelong ea lipeipi ho tloha fatše. Sheba holimo 50- ho 100-millimeter (2- ho isa ho 4-inch) e bulehileng ea PVC, ABS, iron-cast, kapa copper pipe e phunyeletsang marulelong ka holim'a matloana a hau. Haeba moqomo oa phaephe o na le moqhaka o motenya o mosoeu ** sekoaelo sa li-mushroom kapa lehloa la hoarfrost** 'me ho se na lesoba le lefifi le bohareng le bonahalang, u netefalitse hore ho na le sekoti sa marulelo a leqhoa (frost closure) ho e-na le sekoahelo se seholo sa likhoerekhoere se ka tlas'a lefatše.
  6. Nyolohela ka kamoreng e tlas'a marulelo (haeba ho khoneha) 'me u futhumatse phala e emeng e otlolohileng ea lesoba ka tlas'a mokato oa marulelo. Ho feta 85 lekholong ea matlo, phaephe ea phaephe ea metsi e hoama ka holimo ho lisenthimithara tse 15 ho isa ho tse 30 (li-inch tse 6 ho isa ho tse 12) moo e fetang kamoreng e tlas'a marulelo a batang le marulelo a benyang. Ho futhumala ha lebota la phala ka har'a kamore e ka tlas'a marulelo ka se omisang moriri sebakeng se bohareng (se bolokoang ka 15 cm / 6 inches ho tloha polasetiki ea PVC/ABS) kapa thapo ea ho futhumatsa peipi ea UL e thathamisitsoeng ka UL ** e qhibilihisa polaka ea serame maboteng a ka hare hore leqhoa le theohele tlase moqomong o otlolohileng ebe o hlatsoetsa ka har'a likhoerekhoere.

Hobaneng o sa Lokela ho Tšela Metsi a Belang ka Sekotlolong sa Porcelain sa Toilet kapa Ho otla Pipe ea Marulelo a Sub-Zero PVC

Beng ba matlo ba atisa ho bala keletso e kotsi e fanang ka maikutlo a ho tšela metsi a belang fatše ka ntloana kapa ho hloa lere ho theola leqhoa le lesoba la marulelo la PVC le leqhoa. Liketso tsena ka bobeli li baka tšenyo e kholo: - Metsi a Belang a Phahamisa Likotlolo tsa Porcelain Toilet: Sekotlolo sa ntloana se na le metsi a emeng. 10 to 15 degrees Celsius (50 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit) ka holim'a ** gasket ea boka ba linotsi (wax ring)** e qhibilihang 60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit). Ho tshela 100-degree-Celsius (212-degree-Fahrenheit) metsi a belang ka har'a ntloana e batang ea porcelain e baka thermal shock cracking e petsolang sekotlolo le ho qhibilisa lesale la boka. Metsi a tšeloang ka ntlwaneng a theohela mosele o metsi o ka tlas'a fuluru, ha ho mohla a amang phaephe e ommeng ea moea e nyolohelang marulelong. - Sub-Zero PVC Pipe e Senya Haeba E otliloe ka Hamore: Ho -20 degrees Celsius (-4 degrees Fahrenheit), Kemiso ea 40 PVC pipe ea polasetiki e kena ** phetoho ea khalase ho ea ho brittle **. Ho otla phala e hatselitsoeng ea PVC e kenang marulelong ka hamore kapa palo ho pshatla PVC e brittle e ka tlas'a marulelo e benya, ho siea lesoba le matsutla-tsutla le kenyang metsi a pula siling ea kamore ea hau e marulelong.

Sefate sa qeto: Ho hlahloba sebaka sa marulelo a leqhoa khahlanong le sekoere sa likhoerekhoere se ka tlas'a lefatše le ho qhibiliha ho sireletsehileng

Sebelisa sefate sena sa liqeto ho netefatsa hore na li-drain tsa hau tsa gurgling li bakoa ke sekontiri sa marulelo a leqhoa kapa mohala oa likhoerekhoere o koetsoeng ka tlas'a lefatše, 'me u khethe mokhoa o sireletsehileng ka ho fetisisa oa ho qhibiliha ka hare.

flowchart TD
    Start["Matlwana a Hobosa/Ho phatloha, Metsi a butle, kapa Monko o Bolileng oa Khase ea Lehe le Bolileng Nakong ea Lehatsela le Tebileng (-15 C / 5 F kapa ho feta)"] --> CO_Check["PELE: Lekola lialamo tsa CO 'me u netefatse hore liphaephe tsa sebōpi / li-boiler ha li khanye"]

    CO_Check --> DiagTest{"1. Na metsi a tsoa ka mokatong o ka tlase oa mokatong o ka tlase / shaoareng ha o sebelisa sinki e ka holimo?"}

    DiagTest -->|"EE: Matamo a likhoerekhoere a tala/metsi A PHAHAMA ho tsoa moqomong o tlase"| MainSewerClog["UNDERGROUND MAIN SEWER LINE CLOGOR ORZEN SHALLOW LATERAL: Peipi e tsoang ka tlase e tsoang ka tlung e thibiloe; Emisa tšebeliso eohle ea metsi 'me u letsetse setsebi sa drainage/sewer auger"]

    DiagTest -->|"CHE: Metsi a qetella a khathetse, EMPA matloana a kobola lipululana tsa moea, a hohela haholo, 'me a monya sinki/shaoara e haufi le liraba tsa P-lip e omme."| FrostClosure["CONFIRMED FROZEN ROOF VENT STACK ('Ho koaloa ha Serame'): Moea o ke ke oa kena kapa oa tsoa ka holim'a mochini oa lipeipi oa DWV"]

    FrostClosure --> RestoreTraps["DITHIBA TSA KGASE TSA KHOPO: Kenya 500 mL (likopi tse 2) tsa metsi a batang ka har'a sinki e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe, bate, shaoara le mokelikeli oa fatše ho tlatsa P-traps e siiloeng."]

    RestoreTraps --> GroundLook["Tsoela kantle ka libonela-hōle/ho atometsa mohala: Lekola lipeipi tse kenang marulelong bakeng sa dome e tšoeu ea li-mushroom tsa hoarfrost."]

    GroundLook --> AtticCheck{"2. A na u na le sebaka sa marulelo se fihlellehang kapa lebota la mangole ka tlas'a sebaka sa marulelo?"}

    AtticCheck -->|"EE: Attic ea fumaneha"| AtticThaw["MOKHOA O BOLOKEHILENG (ATTIC THAW): 1. Beha 50-100 limilimithara (2-4 in) peipi e theohileng ea PVC/ABS/ABS/Iron vent ka tlas'a marulelo a marulelo 2. Futhumala bokantle ntle ka se omisa moriri holim'a lithaole tse metsi tse futhumetseng, kapa u phuthe ka tepe ea mocheso oa UL ka phala e teteaneng ea foramtic."]

    AtticCheck -->|"CHE: Siling e katiloeng / ea kathedrale kapa marulelo a bataletseng a se nang sebaka sa marulelo"| VentFlush{"3. A na ho na le sebaka se ka holimo sa ho hloekisa moea oa lipeipi, tee ea AAV, kapa sekontiri se ommeng se fihlellehang?"}

    VentFlush -->|"EE: Plaka e ka holimo-limo e omeletseng e kenang ka holim'a lerako e ea fumaneha"| SaltFlush["Bula polaka e ka holimo e ommeng butle; fepa tšupu e nyane ea 6 mm (1/4 in) e tenyetsehang kapa funnel ka metsi a letsoai a WARM (eseng a belang) ho qhibilihisa ice plug LE ho siea polaka e pshatlehile hanyane (ka skrine) kapa kenya Valve ea nakoana ea Air Admittance (AAV) tlas'a sinki."]

    VentFlush -->|"CHE: Sebaka sa marulelo a marulelo kapa sebaka se omileng sa moea le boemo ba leholimo bo bata haholo bakeng sa litsebi"| TempAAV["THUSO EA KA HARE HO FIHLELA LETSATSI LE THAWS ROF: 1. Tšela metsi a chesang ka sekoting sa kamore ea ho hlapela le bateng bakeng sa metsotso e 20 e le hore mouoane o ntseng o nyoloha o qhibilihisa leqhoa ho tloha ka tlaase ho 2. Tlatsa P-traps ka mor'a ho phatloha ho hong le ho hong 3. Kenya valve ea Studor/AAV ka tlas'a sink"]

Leqhoa le leqhoa la marulelo a marang-rang khahlano le setsi sa likhoerekhoere se ka tlas'a lefatše: Mokhoa oa ho tseba phapang ka metsotso e 2

Pele u sebelisa $400 ho letsetsa teraka ea maemo a tšohanyetso hore e tsoe khoele ea likhoerekhoere har'a khitla ka har'a leholiotsoana, sebelisa tafole ea tlhahlobo ho khetholla sekoahelo sa serame se ka holim'a marulelo ho tsoa sekoereng sa likhoerekhoere se ka tlas'a lefatše.

Letšoao la Tlhahlobo Mokokotlo oa Maqhubu a Marulelo a Hatselitsoeng (Frost Closure) Ka tlas'a Lefatše Sewer Sewer Clolog kapa Frozen Lateral Dry P-Trap Feela (Kamore ea ho hlapa e sa sebelisoeng kapa Mokelikeli oa fatše)
**Mocheso oa Kantle ha Matšoao a Qalile ** Kamehla e etsahala nakong ea serame se matla (** ka tlase ho -12 ho -30 C / 10 ho -22 F **), hangata ka moea o bobebe le mongobo o phahameng. E ka etsahala sehleng sefe kapa sefe (metso ea lifate, grease, wipes) kapa ha liphaephe tse sa tebang tsa crawlspace draining li hoama. E etsahala nako efe kapa efe ea selemo ha sesebelisoa se sa sebelisoe libeke tse 2 ho isa ho tse 6 moeeng o omileng oa sebōpi sa mariha.
Ho Etsahala'ng ha U Hlatsoa ntloana e ka Kamoreng Metsi a sekotlolo **a phahama holimo, a bilika butle, ebe a phalla ka ho feletseng **, a qetella ka lerata le leholo ** le hlabang kapa le lerata le anyang ** (glug-glug-glug) Metsi a tsoang mokatong o ka holimo, ** ha a khone ho tsoa ka tlung **, 'me ** a phalla joalo ka likhoerekhoere tse tala ho tsoa moqomong o tlase oa mokatong o ka tlase kapa shaoara e ka tlase ** Matlwana a mokatong a ka hodimo a phalla ka lebelo le tlwaelehileng la 100% ha a ntse a lla kapa a thothomela
Kameho ho Sinki e Haufi le Lisele tsa Shaoara Ha ntloana e ntse e phophoma, **u utloa lerata le anyang kapa le thothomelang ka har'a sinki ea ho hlapela kapa draina ea shaoara ** haufi le ntloana ha vacuum e hulela metsi a P-trap fatše. Ho tsamaisa sinki e mokatong o ka holimo ho etsa hore ntloana e mokatong o ka tlaase e phalle kapa bate e ka tlaase e tlale ka metsi a litšila Ha ho lerata le hlabang ka har'a li-drain tse ling; monko oa likhoerekhoere o emisa hang ha o tšela litara e le 1 ea metsi moqomong o sa sebelisoeng oa fatše
Tlhahlobo ea Pono ea Pipe ea Vent ea marulelo ho tloha Jareteng Ka holim'a phala ea marulelo a koahetsoeng ka ** lehloa le lesoeu-cone ea hoarfrost kapa rime ice **; lefela la mouoane le nyolohang ha shaoara e chesang e tsoa Peipi e kenang marulelong e e bulehile ebile e chesa ka tloaelo moeeng o batang Peipi e kenang marulelong e bulehile ebile e hlakile

Fisiks ea "Frost Closure" le kamoo marulelo a leqhoa a omisang maraba a hau a P.

1. Ke Hobane'ng ha Moea o Phallang oa Likhoerekhoere o Hoama o Tiile Moruong oa Marulelo

Molapo oa litšila oa ntlo ea hau (DWV) Sistimi ke chimney e otlolohileng e kopanyang mochini oa likhoerekhoere oa masepala kapa tanka ea likhoerekhoere ho nyoloha marako a hau ho ea leholimong le bulehileng ka holim'a marulelo a hau. Lisele tsa likhoerekhoere le litanka tsa likhoerekhoere li lula ho 12 ho isa ho 18 degrees Celsius (54 ho 65 degrees Fahrenheit) selemo ho pota, 'me lishaoara tse chesang li lahlela 45-degree-Celsius (113-degree-Fahrenheit) mouoane ka har'a likotopo. Hobane moea o futhumetseng, o mongobo o matla, kholomo e sa khaotseng ea 100-persente-mongobong oa mouoane oa metsi o nyoloha lihora tse 24 ka letsatsi ho nyolosa sepakapakeng.

Ha mouoane oo o futhumetseng o kena ho 1 ho isa ho 1.5 metres (maoto a 3 ho isa ho a 5) ea phaephe e fetang kamoreng e tlas'a marulelo e sa futhumatsang (-15 C / 5 F) le ho khomarela 30 ho isa ho 45 centimeters (12 ho 18 inches) sepakapakeng sa bosiu bo ka tlaase ho zero (-25 C / -13 F), lerako la liphaephe tse pepeneneng le theohela tlase haholo 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit). Mongobo o ntseng o phahama o kena ** ho kenngoa ka kotloloho ka har'a likristale tsa leqhoa tse masiba (hoarfrost)** leboteng le ka hare. Mehele e bohareng ea serame se sesoeu e hola ka hare joalo ka iris e koalang ho fihlela lesoba le bohareng le koala ka tlas'a leqhoa le tiileng la leqhoa. Tlas'a Khoutu ea Machaba ea Plumbing (IPC Karolo ea 903.2), Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC Karolo ea 906.7), le Khoutu ea Naha ea Plumbing ea Canada (NPC Karolo ea 2.5.6.5), likatoloso tsa maqhubu a marulelo libakeng tsa serame li tlameha ho phahamisetsoa ho isa ho 0 millimes** 30 ho isa ho 30 millimeters **30 centimeters (12 inches) ka hare ho enfelopo ea mocheso ** pele e kenella marulelong; matlo a masesane 38- kapa 50-millimeter (1-1/2- or 2-inch) masoba a marulelong a hoama ka potlako.

2. Negative Vacuum Trap Siphoning vs. Positive Toilet Blow-By

Sinki e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe, shaoara, bate, le drain ea mokatong e tšetlehile ka P-trap e kobehileng e tšoereng polaka e sa tebang 50- ho isa ho 100-millimeter (2- ho isa ho 4-inch) ea metsi a emeng ** (the trap seal) ho thibela khase ea likhoerekhoere. Ha marulelo a marulelo a koala, metsi a mang le a mang a phallang a beha litiiso tseo tsa metsi ho matla a mabeli a moea: - Khatello e Negative (Vacuum Trap Siphoning): Ha u ntša ntloana e mokatong o ka holimo, lithara tse 6 (lithara tse 1.6) tsa metsi a phalla ho theosa le mokoa o otlolohileng joalo ka piston. Hobane ha ho moea o ka kenang ka lesoba la marulelo a leqhoa, slug ea metsi e oelang e etsa ** vacuum e mpe ea khatello (-500 to -1,500 Pascals / 2 to 6 inches of water column) ka har'a liphaephe tse ka holimo tsa makala tse ** monyang metsi a emeng hantle ka ntle ho shaoara e haufi kapa sink ea P-trap **, e siea sefi se omme ebe se bula phaephe e tobileng ea likhoerekhoere. - Khatello e Ntle ho Morao (Mokotla oa Ntlwana o Fetola-Ka): Botlaaseng ba mokoloko o otlolohileng, moya o sutumetsang ka pele ho slug sa metsi a theohang ha o kgone ho tswa marulelong, kahoo o sututsa morao ho ya hodimo ka tselaneng ya ntlwana e mokatong o ka tlase, moputso wa kgase ya likhoerekhoere o pulutla holimo ka har'a metsi a sekotlolo sa ntloana.

The Dual Hazard of Sewer Gas: Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Toxicity and Methane (CH4) Kotsi ea Ho phatloha

Khase ea likhoerekhoere e kenang ka tlung ea mariha e koetsoeng ka P-trap e omeletseng ha se monko o monate feela: - ** Hydrogen sulfide (H2S - Khase ea Lehe e Bolileng):** Ho 0.01 to 0.3 parts per million (ppm), nko ea motho e utloa monko oa lehe le bolileng. Ho 10 to 50 ppm, ho pepeseha nako e telele ho baka hlooho e opang, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho tsekela le ho teneha mahlong (NIOSH ceiling limit is 10 ppm). Ka maemo a phahameng (100+ ppm), H2S **e holofatsa methapo ea kutlo ** (olfactory fatigue), ho etsa hore o nahane hore monko o felile hantle ha maemo a ntse a le kotsi. - Methane (CH4): Tšilo ea tšilo ea anaerobic ka har'a likhoerekhoere le litanka tsa likhoerekhoere e hlahisa khase ea methane e tukang (**Lower Explosive Limit LEL ea 5% moeeng **). Tlatsa P-trap e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e omileng ka metsi hang-hang 'me u phunye fensetere metsotso e 10 ho tlosa khase e bokeletsoeng.

4 Litsela tse bolokehileng tsa ho qhibiliha lekhalo le leqhoa ntle le ho beha leoto holim'a marulelo a leqhoa

Le ka mohla u se ke ua hloa lere e nang le serame kapa ua tsamaea holim'a marulelo a marulelo a mariha. Sebelisa e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ena e mene e sireletsehileng ea ka tlung:

Mokhoa oa 1: The Inside-the-Attic Heat-Transfer & Insulation Method (Sireletsehile ka ho Fetisisa le ka ho Fetisisa)

Haeba u na le seqhoqho sa marulelo kapa litepisi tse theolelang ka tlas'a marulelo a hau: 1. Nka toche, se omisa moriri, thapo e atolositsoeng, le moqolo oa koetsoeng oa selestomeric foam pipe insulation (minimum 25 mm / 1-inch wall thickness) holimo ka kamoreng e tlas'a marulelo. 2. Fumana PVC (e tšoeu), ABS (e ntšo), tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, kapa stack ea koporo e kenang ka har'a marulelo. Ho tlanya bokaholimo ba lisenthimithara tse 30 ho isa ho tse 60 (maoto a 1 ho isa ho a 2) ka tlas'a mokato oa marulelo ho hlahisa e tiileng, e lerootho ** haeba serame se atolohile ka tlas'a marulelo. 3. Futhumala Bokantle ba Pipe ka Bonolo ho tloha ka hare ho Attic: - Haeba Cast Iron kapa Copper: Koahela thapo ea ho futhumatsa phala ea motlakase ea thermostatic e thathamisitsoeng ka UL ka ho potoloha ka holimo ho mithara e 1 (maoto a 3) ea peipi ea tšepe ho ea fihla karolong e ka tlaase ea marulelo a marulelo, kapa u tšoare se omisang moriri holimo khahlanong le lebota la phala ea tšepe. Metal e tsamaisa mocheso ka potlako ho ea holimo ka marulelong a khanyang, e qhibilihisa maqhama pakeng tsa serame sa serame le lebota la phala nakong ea **metsotso e 15 ho isa ho e 25 **. - Haeba White PVC kapa Black ABS Plastic: Le ka mohla u se ke ua sebelisa toche e tukang kapa sethunya sa mocheso se tlosang pente (plastic softens above 60 C / 140 F). Tšoara **se omisang moriri mochesong o MOHOLO ** o ntse o tsoela pele ho ea holimo le tlase ka holimo ho 45 centimeters (18 inches) ea phala ka tlas'a mokato oa marulelo (ho boloka nozzle 15 centimeters / 6 inches e le hore polasetiki e lule e futhumetse letsohong la hao), KAPA thatela lithaole tse kolobisitsoeng ka har'a pompo ea metsi ka har'a pompo e chesang. 4. Mamela ha "Clunk-Whoosh" Theoha 'me U Iketsetse Hang-hang: Hang ha mocheso o mofuthu o futhumatsa lebota la phaephe ka tekanyo e 1 ka holim'a leqhoa, cylindrical frost plug e tla arohana ebe e thellela phala e theohileng ka mokoloko, e qhibiliha ntle le kotsi ka har'a drainage e tlase. Koahela bolelele bohle ba kamore e ka tlas'a marulelo ka peipi e teteaneng e koetsoeng ea foam le fiberglass batting ho ea fihla mokatong oa marulelo hore mouoane o ntseng o nyoloha o lule o futhumetse ho fihlela o tsoa marulelong.

Mokhoa oa 2: The Hot Bathroom Shower & Sink "Upward Steam Column" Mokhoa (Ha ho Phihlello ea Attic)

Haeba kamore ea hau ea ho hlapela e lutse ka tlas'a siling e nang le marulelo kapa marulelo a bataletseng a se nang marulelo a marulelo, ema ho fihlela ** hora e futhumetseng ea thapama ** (1:00 PM to 3:00 PM), e-ea ka **ka kamoreng ea ho hlapa e mokatong o holimo ka ho toba ka tlas'a marulelo a leqhoa, 'me u bule **pompo ea metsi a chesang e ka har'a sinki ea ho hlapela LE tepe ea shaoara e chesang ** o e bulele molapong o tsitsitseng, o itekanetseng (49 to 54 degrees Celsius / 120 to 130 degrees Fahrenheit) bakeng sa metsotso e 20 ho isa ho e 30. Ha metsi a chesang a futhumatsa ntlo ea bohloeki ka har'a lebota, a romela mouoane oa 45-degree-Celsius (113-degree-Fahrenheit) mouoane o tsamaisang phaephe e otlolohileng e lebang marulelong, e qhibilihisa mocha oa phefumoloho ka marulelong a masesaane a serame ho tloha ka tlase.

Mokhoa oa 3: Mocheso o ka Holimo-limo o Omileng oa Vent Mocheso o Mofuthu oa Metsi a Letsoai

Haeba phanele ea phihlello ea lipeipi e mokatong o ka holimo kapa sebaka se marulelong se na le ** plug e hloekisang e likhoele (test tee)** ka ho toba setokelong se ommeng se emeng ka holim'a moalo o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa likhohola, kopanya lithara tse 4 (1 galone) ea metsi a pompo a futhumetseng (eseng a belang) (45 C / 113 F) ka ligrama tse 500 (likopi tse 2) tsa letsoai la tafole kapa letsoai la rock (sodium chloride) ho fihlela e qhibiliha (eutectic freezing point -21 C / -6 F). Ho fepa metsi a futhumetseng a letsoai ka funele le tšupu e nyane sebakeng se kaholimo sa moea o ommeng ho qhibilihisa li-plugs tsa serame tse tlase ntle le ho hatsetsa hape ka har'a phala e batang.

Mokhoa oa 4: Thuso ea Tšohanyetso ea Koepe ea Ka Hare (Ho Kenya Valve ea Kamohelo ea Moea ka Tlas'a Sink AAV)

Haeba ho joalo -30 degrees Celsius (-22 degrees Fahrenheit) ka ntle ka sefefo sa leholiotsoana, u na le monyetla oa ho kena marulelong a marulelo, 'me leqhoa le leholo marulelong le ke ke la qhibiliha ho fihlela letsatsi le chaba le khutla, u ka khona ho khutlisa moea o kenang moeeng oa ka tlung (vacuum relief) hantle ka tlas'a sinki ea hau ea ho hlapela ka metsotso e 15 ho se motho ea hloa marulelong: 1. Reka Balofo ea Kamohelo ea Moea (AAV / Studor Vent, ASSE 1051 / EN 12380 e netefalitsoeng, $20 lebenkeleng lefe kapa lefe la lisebelisoa). 2. Tlas'a sinki ea kamore ea ho hlapela e haufi haholo le ntloana e ntseng e phunya, qhaqholla linate tse thellang ho *klzzwxh:0071 pipe e tšang metsi ho sen vacuum e le hore matloana a hao a phallhantle 'me *zero P-traps e omelle. Hang ha ho felloa ke metsi, diaphragm **e koala ka thata **, e thibela 100 lekholong ea khase ea likhoerekhoere.

Bopaki bo sa feleng ba mariha: Lintlafatso tse 5 e le hore sebaka sa hau sa marulelo se se ke sa hlola se koaloa

Ntlafatsa / Fetola Molemo ka ho fetisisa Bakeng sa Kamoo E Sebetsang Kateng Melao ea Lipeipi le Melao ea Tšireletseho
1. Pipe ea Insulate Attic Vent + Seal Attic Air Leaks Ntlo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e nang le marulelo a marang-rang Koaela phala e emeng ea DWV ka kamoreng e tlas'a marulelo ka **25 ho isa ho 50 mm (1- to 2-inch) Sleeve sa foam e koetsoeng ** + phuthela ka khalase ea fiberglass ho fihlela mokatong oa marulelo E boloka lerako la liphaephe ka har'a kamore e ka tlas'a marulelo ka holim'a leqhoa e le hore mongobo o nyolohang o tsoe marulelong joalo ka mouoane o futhumetseng
2. Kenya Mokotla oa Pipe oa Marulelo a Insulated Neoprene/Foam Liphaephe tsa PVC / ABS tsa marulelo a pepenene libakeng tse batang (-15 C / 5 F le ka tlase) E thibelang UV ** foam ea sele e koetsoeng kapa sekontiri sa coaxial insulated ** se thellela ka holim'a bokantle ba 30 ho isa ho 45 cm (12 ho isa ho 18 in) ea phaephe ea PVC e hlahelletseng ka ntle ho marulelo. E emisa moea o ka tlase ho zero hore o se ke oa hatsetsa lebota le tšesaane la liphaephe tsa polasetiki, le ho khaola bokahare ba serame sa ka hare ka 80%+
3. Phahamisa ho Kena ha Vent ea marulelo ho isa ho 75 kapa 100 mm (3- or 4-In) E tšesaane 38 kapa 50 mm (1.5- or 2-in) marotholi a marulelong a hoamang mariha a mang le a mang Seha phala e moqotetsane oa moea **30 cm (12 in) ka tlas'a mokato oa marulelo ka hare ho kamoreng e tlas'a marulelo ** 'me u kenye concentric expander coupling e atolosang ho 75 kapa 100 mm (3 or 4 in) E hlokehang ke ** IPC Karolo 903.2 **, ** UPC Karolo 906.7 **, le **Canada NPC 2.5.6.5 **; phaephe ea 100 mm e na le makhetlo a 4 sebaka sa phaephe ea 50 mm
4. Fokotsa Marulelo a Matelele ho Feta ho Feta ho ea ho Code Height (15 to 30 cm) Liphaephe tsa moea tse pepeneneng tse khomarelang 60 ho isa ho 120 cm (2 ho isa ho 4 ft) moeeng o batang. Fokotsa liphaephe tse telele haholo tse bulehileng tsa marulelo e le hore li hlahise 15 ho isa ho 30 cm (6 ho isa ho 12 in) ka holim'a marulelo. E 'ngoe le e' ngoe e eketsehileng ea 30 cm ea phala e se nang letho e khomarelang ho -30 C moea o sebetsa joalo ka radiator e homisang mouoane o ntseng o phahama
**5. Copper "Sewer Skewer" Solar Cap kapa Heat Tape ** Libaka tse ka leboea tse feteletseng (Alaska, Canada, Upper Midwest, Scandinavia) T-shaped heavy-gauge koporo thupa ea mocheso (Sewer Skewer) e monya mocheso oa letsatsi le moea o ntseng o phahama oa likhoerekhoere ho boloka lesoba le bohareng le qhibilihile, kapa sebelisa UL self-regulating heat cable Le ka mohla u se ke ua koahela lesoba la lipeipi tsa marulelo ka letlooeng le letle sekrineng sa lifensetere mariha; Mesh e ntle e hoama ka lihora tse peli

Lebaka Leo U Lokelang ho Tlosa Li-Fine Wire 'Bug Screens' Ho Tsoa Liphaepheng Tsa Marulelo Pele Ho Mariha

Ka linako tse ling beng ba matlo ba tlama sengoathoana sa sekirini sa fensetere (1.5 mm mesh) ka holim'a phaephe ea bona ea metsi e kenang marulelong nakong ea lehlabula ho thibela bobi kapa linonyana. Haeba e tloheloa mariha, moea o ntseng o phahama oa likhoerekhoere o hoama holim'a lithapo tse batang nakong ea metsotso e 30 ea pele. -10 C (14 F) bosiu, ho theha leqhoa la leqhoa la 100 lekholong. Sebelisa feela lesoba le leholo li sireletsa liphoofolo tse nang le mekotla e sephara e emeng (minimum 15 to 20 mm / 5/8-inch spacing) maemong a leholimo a batang.

Linomoro tsa libaka tsa tšohanyetso le liprothokholo tsa mekhatlo

  • United States le Canada:
  • Tšireletseho ea Bophelo, Monko oa Khase, kapa Boemo ba Tšohanyetso ba Carbon Monoxide: Letsetsa 911 hang-hang haeba alamo ea carbon monoxide e lla (e bontšang sebōpi sa hau sa sebōpi/boiler le se koaletsoeng ke serame) kapa ha u sa khone ho khetholla hore na monko o matla oa khase ke khase ea tlhaho (mercaptan) kapa khase ea likhoerekhoere (hydrogen sulfide).
  • Likhoutu tsa ho Koaloa ha Li-Plumbing Frost: E laoloa ke Khoutu ea Machaba ea Plumbing (IPC Karolo ea 903.2: bonyane katoloso ea marulelo a 75 mm / 3-inch e kentsoeng 300 mm / 12 inch ka har'a enfelopo ea mocheso), **Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC Karolo ea Plu*N Code) Canada Karolo ea 906. 2.5.6.5)**.
  • United kingdom:
  • Tshanyetso ea Khase kapa Mosi: Letsetsa Tshebeletso ea Tšohanyetso ea Naha ea Khase ho 0800 111 999 ha o belaela ho dutla ha khase e kholo haufi le monko oa drainage, kapa 999 bakeng sa thuso ea pholoso.
  • Pipe ea Mobu (SVP) Maemo: E laoloa ke Melao ea Mohaho e Amoheletsoeng Tokomane H (Karolo ea H1) le BS EN 12056-2. UK, kantle 110 mm (4-inch) Lipeipi tsa PVC-U tsa mobu le tsa Vent (SVPs) hangata e emisa ka har'a loft ka BS EN 12380 A1-rated Air Admittance Valve (Durgo valve). Etsa bonnete ba hore li-valve tsa Durgo li na le sekoaelo sa serame sa polystyrene se kentsoeng.
  • Mokhatlo oa linaha tsa Iropa:
  • Litšebeletso tsa Tšohanyetso: Letsetsa 112 ho pholletsa le linaha tsohle tseo e leng litho tsa EU. Jeremane (** DIN 1986-100 / EN 12056 **), Scandinavia, le libaka tsa Alpine, likhomo tsa moea oa marulelo (Lüftungsleitungen über Dach) e tlameha ho lula e tletse DN 100 karohano ntle le likhechana tse patisaneng tsa likokoanyana tse qhoqhoang (Reifverschluss), le ka hare Li-Valves tsa ho Kena moeeng (Belüftungsventile ka EN 12380) e tlameha ho lula libakeng tse se nang serame.
  • Australia le New Zealand:
  • Litšebeletso tsa Tšohanyetso: Letsetsa 000 Australia kapa 111 New Zealand. Libakeng tse alpine tsa NSW, Victoria, Tasmania, le Sehlekehlekeng sa New Zealand sa New Zealand, liphaephe tsa moea tsa bohloeki (DN 50 kapa DN 100) e tlameha ho sireletsoa khahlanong le ho patoa ha lehloa le ho koaloa ha serame tlas'a AS/NZS 3500.2.
  • India le Asia-Pacific:
  • Linomoro tsa Tšohanyetso: Letsetsa 112 India; 119 Japane le Korea Boroa; 995 Singapore. Ka leboea ho Japane (MLIT SHASE-S 206 standards) le Korea Boroa, libaka tse emisang moea o marulelong libakeng tse nang le lehloa le lengata li sebelisa matsoho a nang le mabota a mabeli a sirelelitsoeng le likatiba tsa lehloa.

Lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa

Nka tseba joang hore monko oa lehe le bolileng ka tlung ea ka ke khase ea likhoerekhoere e tsoang sefing se ommeng sa P kapa monko o kotsi oa khase ea tlhaho?

Ka bobeli khase ea likhoerekhoere (e nang le hydrogen sulfide) le khase ea tlhaho e sebetsang kapa propane (e nkhang hamonate ka ethyl mercaptan) e nkha joalo ka mahe a bolileng. Haeba monko o le matla, o atile, kapa o tsamaisana le molumo ofe kapa ofe o llang haufi le sesebelisoa sa khase kapa mithara, tsoa hang-hang ntle le ho phethola li-switches 'me u letsetse 911/112/999 kapa khase ea hau ho tsoa ka ntle. Haeba monko o le lerootho, localized ka hare ho ntloana hang ka mor'a hore ntloana gurgled, 'me nyamela ka hare ho metsotso e 10 ka mor'a hore u tšela 500 dimililithara (2 linoelo) ea metsi a batang ka shaoara le teba drains ho refill bona P-maraba le petsola fensetere, e ne e le likhoerekhoere khase phonyoha ka sefi se omileng.

Ke hobane'ng ha ho tšela metsi a chesang fatše ka ntloana ea ka ho sa ka ha qhibilihisa lesoba le leqhoa le marulelong?

Liphaepheng tsa metsi tsa "Drain-Waste-Vent" (DWV) tsa bolulo, metsi a phoroselang ka ntloana a theohela tlase ka phaephe ea drainage e ka tlas'a fuluru ho leba pompong ea likhoerekhoere, athe moea o kenang o phuthela makala ho ea holimo ka mor'a lerako ho ea marulelong 'me ha ho mohla a nang le metsi. Ho tšela metsi a chesang ka har'a sekotlolo sa ntloana ho romela metsi a futhumetseng ka har'a setsi sa likhoerekhoere se ka tlase ha o siea phaephe ea moea e ommeng limithara tse 5 (maoto a 16) ka holim'a hlooho ea hau e mokatong o ka tlas'a marulelo a leqhoa e sa angoa. Ho hobe le ho feta, ho tšela metsi a belang ka har'a ntloana e batang ea porcelain ho petsola sekotlolo sa vitreous china ebe ho qhibilihisa lesale la boka ba fatše. Tšela metsi a pompong a chesang ka sinking e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea kamore ea ho hlapela 'me u shaoara metsotso e 20 ho isa ho e 30 e le hore mouoane o nyolohang o kenye seketsoana se ommeng sa moea.

A na nka tšela antifreeze (RV propylene glycol) ka kamoreng ea ka ea ho hlapela ea P-traps e le hore ba khaotse ho phunya ha ke hlatsoa ntloana?

Ho tšela antifreeze ea RV e seng chefo (`propylene glycol`) ho kena P-trap ho thibela feela metsi a ka hare ho U-bend hore a se ke a bata ka kamoreng e sa chesang; e ke ke ea thibela sekoti sa marulelo a leqhoa ho monya mokelikeli lerabeng ha u ntša ntloana. Ha sebaka sa marulelo se koalehile ka leqhoa, sekheo se entsoeng ka lilithara tse 6 (1.6 galone) sa metsi a ntlwana a oelang se hula mokelikeli ofe kapa ofe o lutseng ka har'a shaoara e haufi kapa sink P-trap e otlolohile ho theosa le phala ea drain. Tlatsa P-trap hape ka kopi ea metsi a pompong a batang ka mor'a hore ho be le metsi a batang ka mor'a hore e be teng kapa kenya Valve e kenang ka tlas'a sinki ea Air Admittance Valve ho fihlela sebaka sa marulelo se qhibiliha.

Ke hobane'ng ha ntloana e le 'ngoe feela ka tlung ea ka e lla 'me e nkha joaloka khase ea likhoerekhoere nakong ea leqhoa le tebileng ha kamore e 'ngoe ea ho hlapela e sebetsa hantle?

Matlo a mangata a mekato e 'meli a na le moea o fetang o le mong oa marulelo, kapa a na le masoba a manyenyane a 38- ho isa ho 50-millimeter (1.5- to 2-inch) a sebeletsang kamore ea ho hlapela kapa ea kichineng sehlekehlekeng se haufi le mobu o moholo oa 75- ho isa ho 100-millimeter (3- to 4-inch). Hobane phaephe e moqotetsane ea limilimithara tse 50 (2-inch) e na le karolo e le 'ngoe feela ea bone ea sebaka se ka hare sa phaephe ea limilimithara tse 100 (4-inch) 'me hangata e feta tsela e telele ka kamoreng e ka tlas'a marulelo e batang, sebaka seo se senyenyane sa moea se hoama 'me serame se fihla ho -18 degrees Celsius (0 degrees Fahrenheit) ha mokoloko o moholo o ntse o bulehile.

Na peipi e kenang marulelong a leqhoa e tla phatloha ebe e etsa hore metsi a lutle siling ea ka ea marulelo ha e qhibiliha?

Che, serame se thibaneng ka holim'a lekhalo la lipeipi tsa metsi ha ho mohla se ka arolang phala ho tloha katolosong ka tsela eo peipi e hatelitsoeng ea phepelo ea metsi a koporo e phatlohang ha e hoamisoa. Ho fapana le phala e koetsoeng ea metsi a ka tlung e tlatsitsoeng ka metsi a metsi a ka tlase ho 400 kilopascals (60 psi), pompo ea moea ke peipi e bulehileng e sa hatelletsoeng moo likristale tse nang le porous hoarfrost li theohelang maboteng a kahare. Leha ho le joalo, ho otla peipi e marulelong ea PVC e ka tlaase ho lefela ka hamore kapa palo ho pshatla leqhoa ho tla pshatla polasetiki e pshatlehang e ka tlas'a marulelo e benyang le ho rothela metsi a pula ka kamoreng e tlas'a marulelo letsatsing le hlahlamang le futhumetseng.

A na ke behe sekoaelo sa pula, T-top, kapa skrine holim'a phaephe ea ka ea lipeipi ho thibela lehloa?

Che, libakeng tse batang moo thempereichara ea mariha e theohelang ka tlase ho -10 degrees Celsius (14 degrees Fahrenheit), ho kenya sekoaelo sa tšepe se thibelang pula, khoho ea li-mushroom, kapa sekoaelo sa kokoanyana e ntle ka holim'a sephutheloana sa lipeipi ho eketsa kotsi ea ho koaloa ha serame mariha. Sesepa sefe kapa sefe se batang sa tšepe kapa sekoahelo sa marang-rang se lutseng ka nqane ho tsela ea mouoane oa likhoerekhoere o futhumetseng, oa liperesente tse 100 o sebetsa e le sehatsetsi se kolobisang leqhoa le ho koala borokho bosiung bo le bong bo ka tlase ho zero. Likhoutu tse tloaelehileng tsa lipeipi li hloka hore mekotla e kenang marulelong e lule e bulehile liphaephe tse otlolohileng (`upsized to 75 to 100 mm / 3 to 4 inches in frost zones and insulated in the attic`).

Litataiso tse amanang

Mehloli le tataiso ea semmuso

  • .*
  • National Research Council of Canada (NRC): National Plumbing Code of Canada (NPC) Article 2.5.6.5 (Terminals and Protection from Frost Closure on Roof Vent Stacks).
  • Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Basebeletsi ba Liphaephe le Mechini (IAPMO): Khoutu e Tšoanang ea Liphaephe (UPC) Karolo ea 906.7 (Tšireletso ea Lehloa kapa ho Koalloa ha Lehloa bakeng sa Litsi tsa Bohloeki ba Vent).
  • Setsi sa Sechaba sa Tšireletseho le Bophelo bo Botle mosebetsing (NIOSH) & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Exposure Limits, Olfactory Fatigue, le Sewer Gas Safety in Buildings.
  • Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Boenjiniere ba Bohloeki (ASSE): *ASSE 1051 / ANSI Tekanyetso bakeng sa Motho ka Mong le Mofuta oa Lekala Li-Valves tsa Kamohelo ea Moea bakeng sa Litsamaiso tsa Melaetsa ea Bohloeki *.