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Lathe, Drill Press, le Potoloho ea Spindle Entanglement: Emergency Stop le Trauma Care.

Linomoro tsa maemo a tšohanyetso li fapana ho ea ka linaha. Leqephe lena le sebelisa 911, nomoro ea United States le Canada. Linaha tse ling tse ngata li sebelisa 112, 999, kapa nomoro e ’ngoe. Fumana nomoro ea naha ea heno.

Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe, lithapo tsa lehong, mechine ea ho cheka e otlolohileng, le mechine ea ho sila ke tse ling tsa mechine e sa tšoareleng ka ho fetisisa mabenkeleng a liindasteri, libaka tsa sekolo, le likaracheng tsa matlo hobane li-spindle, li-chucks, le li-screws tsa tsona tse pepenene li potoloha tlas'a torque e phahameng ka lebelo la klzzwxh:0004.RPM) Ho fapana le lehare la sakha la selikalikoe le sehg le ho sutumelletsa monoana hole, lesela le bilikang la lathe kapa drill bit le tšoara lesela le lohiloeng, liatlana tsa mosebetsi oa letlalo, matsoho a malelele, mehele, kapa moriri o hlephileng le ho sotha leoto la motho ho potoloha moqomo oa tšepe ka 2 ho isa ho 10 metres ka motsotsoana (6.5 ho 33 maoto ka motsotsoana). Ka 1,200 RPM, 10-centimeter-diameter (4-inch-diameter) lathe workpiece e phethela ** 20 ho potoloha ka ho feletseng ka motsotsoana o le mong **, ho hula letsoho la opereishene kapa hlooho ka betheng ea mochine pele boko ba motho bo ka sebetsana le reflex ea pono ea metsotsoana ea 0.25. Se kotsi ka ho tšoanang ke senotlolo sa **lathe chuck se setseng ka har'a chuck **, se bulang lebenkele joalo ka hamore ea tšepe hang ha mochini oa spindle o qala. Haeba mochini o bilikang, ho tsosoa, kapa ho otla ha chuck-key ho etsahala, letsetsa nomoro ea hau ea tšohanyetso ea lehae hang-hang (911 United States le Canada, 112 ho pholletsa le European Union, 999 United Kingdom) kapa sheba bukana ea rona ea lefats'e ea dinomoro tsa tshohanyetso. Bakeng sa li-protocol tsa hang-hang tsa ho tsoa mali le ho khaola litho, bala litataiso tsa rona ho ho khaoloa ho hoholo: ho boloka monoana, letsoho le maoto le matsoho, taolo e kgolo ya madi, le angle grinder disc shatter, table saw kickback, le workshop trauma.

Etsa sena hona joale

  1. Tobetsa konopo ea mushroom e khubelu Emergency Stop (E-Stop) 'ME u hatise leoto la mochini/motlakase oa Foot Brake Pedal hang-hang, ebe oa tima le Lock Out the main wall disconnect breaker. Konopo ea E-Stop feela e fokotsa matla a motlakase ho sehokahanyi sa enjene, empa lathe chuck ea tšepe e ntseng e bilika ka 1,500 ka metsotsoana e 1,500 ho isa ho RPM. brake ea spindle e tsitsitsoeng ka leoto e tepeletse maikutlo. Ho koala lebota ho etsa bonnete ba hore mochini o ke ke oa qala hape ka phoso ha bapholosi ba ntse ba kentse matsoho ka har'a mehlahare ea chuck.
  2. **Le ka mohla u se ke ua busetsa enjene ea mochini ka morao ho tlamolla letsoho, letsoho kapa letlalo la hlooho. Ho e-na le hoo, hang ha mochine o moholo oa motlakase o koaletsoe ka ntle ho OFF, tlosa li-levers tsa lathe headstock gearbox ho ** Neutral (boemo ba mahala-spindle) ** 'me u fetole chuck ka morao ** butle-butle ka letsoho ** ha u ntse u khaola liaparo tse nang le maqeba a thata kapa moriri o nang le lik'hamera tse boima.
  3. **Laola ho tsoa mali a kotsi hang-hang ka khatello e tobileng kapa sefofane sa moea sa khoebo se behiloeng 5 ho 7 centimeters (2 ho 3 inches) ka holim'a leqeba. ho qeaqea le ho thiba ho koaleha qalong, ho ile ha qala mathinya a maholo, a behang bophelo kotsing a phalla metsotso e 10 ho isa ho e 30 hamorao ha khatello ea mali e hlaphoheloa kapa sekepe se phutholoha. Etsa kopo ea tourniquet e phahameng le e thata hang-hang bakeng sa ho khaola leha e le efe e kholo ea maoto kapa mangling e matla 'me u ngole nako ea kopo phatleng.
  4. Haeba moriri o molelele kapa letlalo la hlooho le phathahane ka har'a sekoti sa "drill" spindle kapa lathe lead screw, ts'ehetsa boima ba hlooho le molala oa motho ea hlokofalitsoeng hang hang pele o kuta moriri ntle le ho kuta moriri. tšitiso*. E-ba le mopholosi a le mong a tšoare hlooho le molala oa motho ea hlasetsoeng ka tsela e tsitsitseng ha mopholosi oa bobeli a khaola likhoele tsa moriri ka mokhoa o hloekileng pakeng tsa letlalo la hlooho le mokokotlo, 'me haeba karolo ea letlalo la hlooho e tabohile ka ho feletseng, boloka lesela la letlalo le tsoileng matsoho holim'a gauze e mongobo e pholileng ka har'a mokotla oa polasetiki holim'a leqhoa bakeng sa ho tsosolosa microvascular.
  5. *Sireletsa menoana leha e le efe e khaotsoeng, matsoho, kapa maqeba a letlalo a tsoileng matsoho u sebelisa Mokhoa oa Three-Layer Dry-Cool, LE KA mohla u kenye lisele tse khaotsoeng ka ho toba ka metsing kapa ka ho toba holim'a leqhoa le feela. ka har'a sets'oants'o sa bobeli se tlatsitsoeng **motsoako oa seretse oa leqhoa le metsi **.
  6. *Le ka mohla u se ke ua roala liatlana (letlalo, k'hothone, Kevlar, kapa nitrile e teteaneng), matsoho a malelele, li-hoodies tse nang le likhoele tse hulang, lioache, masale kapa moriri o lokolotsoeng ka har'a mithara e le 'ngoe (maoto a 3.3) ho tloha lesela, mochini oa ho roka kapa mochini o silang. mokokotlo oa sefate **; Tšoara lesela feela ka lintlheng tsa lona tse peli ka liatla tse bulehileng tse sephara ka lehlakoreng le ka pele (kapa le behiloe holim'a lepolanka le tšehelitsoeng ka lepolanka) kahoo le hula hantle ho tsoa menoaneng ea hau haeba le hoholeha.

Hobaneng Liatlana tsa Mosebetsi li Tlamehile ho Tšoara Metal ea Leqephe, Empa e Lethal ho Spindle Spindle

Bo-machini ba bacha le batho ba ratang ho itlosa bolutu ba atisa ho rutoa ho roala Kevlar e sa seheleng kapa liatlana tsa letlalo tse boima ka har'a workshop ho itšireletsa khahlanong le litšepe tse bohale. Le hoja liatlana li sireletsa matsoho a hau ha u ntša litšepe tse tala ka rakeng, **ho roala tlelafo leha e le efe ha u ntse u sebelisa lathe, mochine oa ho phunya, kapa mochine oa ho sila ke sesosa se le seng se ka sehloohong sa ho khaoloa ha maoto le ho bolaea batho mabenkeleng a mechine **. Haeba lesela le ohiang, leloala la fluted end, kapa spiraled steel chip ("swarf") le fula letlalo le hlobotseng, le seha letlalo ebe le lahlela letsoho hole; haeba sona se sehang kapa tšepe e hokang khoele e le 'ngoe ea Kevlar, k'hothone, kapa litlelafo tsa letlalo tse lohiloeng, lesela le thata haholo le ke ke la taboha. Glove e sebetsa joalo ka thapo ea winch e hulang menoana ea hau, letsoho le forearm ho potoloha spindle ea 1,500-RPM ka ** tlase ho 80 milliseconds **, ka makhetlo a mararo ka potlako ho feta nako ea karabelo ea motho.

Sefate sa ho etsa qeto: ho pota-pota ha spindle entanglement, extrication, le tlhokomelo ea mahlomola

flowchart TD
    Start["Tšohanyetso ea Mochini o potolohang: Lathe, Drill Press, kapa Mill Entanglement / Impact"] --> Step1["MOTŠEENE OA HAO MONG: 1. Stomp Foot Brake Pedal + Slam Red E-Stop Button 2. Lahlela Main Wall Khaotsa Motlakase Fetolela HO TIMA 3. LE KA mohla u se ke ua fetola enjene hore e fetohe ka morao"]

    Step1 --> Status{"Na motho ea hlokofalitsoeng o ntse a qabeletsoe ka har'a seluloana kapa chuck?"}

    Status -->|"1. EE: Leqeba la Leoto, Liaparo, kapa Moriri Haholo-holo Ho pota Shaft"| TrapType{"Ke setho sefe sa ’mele se tšoasehileng?"}

    TrapType -->|"Letsoho, letsoho, kapa Torso e huleloa ka har'a Lathe Chuck"| LimbFree["SAFE MACHHANICAL UNWINING: 1. Etsa kopo ea windlass tourniquet proximal to trapped leollo PELE ho lokolla haeba e sithabetse/e tsoa mali 2. Shift headstock gear levers to NEUTRAL (disengage gear train) 3. Seha masela a liaparo tsa maqeba ka likere tsa maqeba kapa thipa ea thuso ho tloha letlalong ha u ntse u tšehelitse lesapo la Bfrate ka morao butle."]

    TrapType -->|"Moriri kapa letlalo la hlooho le huleloa ka har'a 'Drill Press' kapa 'Lead Screw'."| ScalpFree["SCALP & C-SPINE EXTRICATION: 1. Rescuer 1: Hang-hang tšoara le ho tšehetsa hlooho ea mohlaseluoa le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo 2. Mopholosi 2: Seha likhoele tse tsitsitseng tsa moriri pakeng tsa letlalo la hlooho le spindle haeba sebaka se lumella 3. Haeba letlalo la hlooho le lemetse ka thata khahlanong le shaft, tlosa lebanta / pulley ho tsoa mali ka letsoho le mokokotlo oa letsoho. khatello e tobileng; boloka letlalo la hlooho le tsoileng matsoho holim'a gauze e pholileng"]

    Status -->|"2. CHE: Lehlatsipa le Lahliloe le hlakile kapa Karolo e Se E Khaotsoe"| TraumaCheck{"Mokhoa oa mantlha oa likotsi ke ofe?"}

    TraumaCheck -->|"Ho khaoloa ho Felletseng kapa ho sa Lekaneng / Ho fokotsa Monoana kapa Sephaka"| AmpCare["AMPUTATION & DEGLOVING PROTOCOL: 1. Etsa kopo e tiileng e tobileng + tourniquet e phahameng le e thata bakeng sa ho tsoa mali ho hoholo ha setho 2. Ho khaola likarolo tse itseng ka mokhoa oa ho lumellana le sebōpeho sa tlhaho (le ka mohla u se ke ua khaola marokho a letlalo)"]

    TraumaCheck -->|"E otliloe ka Sefubeng, Sefahlehong, kapa Hloohong ke Ejected Chuck Key kapa Workpiece"| BluntCare["TŠEBELETSO EA TŠEBELETSO E PHAHAMENG E PHAHAMENG: 1. Ho boloka botsitso ba mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo 2. Mali a hlakileng kapa meno a robehileng moeeng; inamela ka pele kapa o pitikolohe ka lehlakoreng ha o hlatsa 3. Koala maqeba a sefubeng a bulehileng ka mahlakore a 3 kapa a tsoelipaneng ka sefuba; letsetsa 911/112/999"]

The biomechanics ea 1,500-RPM entanglement: ke hobane'ng ha maikutlo a batho a sitoa ho tlohela

Litsebi tse ngata tse nang le phihlelo le litsebi tsa mapolanka li lumela hore haeba lesela la emery, rag ea lebenkele, kapa cuff e hlephileng e ts'oaroa ke mosebetsi o ohlang, ba tla bula menoana ea bona ebe ba tlohela pele letsoho la bona le huloa.

1. The 80-Millisecond Wrap Calculation vs 250-Millisecond Human Rection Nako

Ak'u nahane ka opareitara e bentšang **75-millimeter (3-inch)) shaft ea tšepe e bophara ba limilimithara tse 3 e ntseng e bilika ka har'a lehare la enjene ka lebelo le benyang la 1,200 RPM: - Lebelo la mola o ka holimo: Ho 1,200 RPM, selikalikoe sa shaft eo ea limilimithara tse 75 ke \(0.2356\text{ metres}\) (\(9.27\text{ inches}\)),' me e phethela liphetoho tse 20 ka motsotsoana. Sebaka se ka ntle sa sefate sa tšepe se feta menoana ea opereishene ho 4.71 metres ka motsotsoana (maoto a 15.5 motsotsoana). - Nako ea karabelo ea pono ea motho le e ts'oarehang: Ho tloha hang hang ha ho hula ka mochini ho hlohlelletsa li-mechanoreceptors ka menoana ea hau, ho nka hoo e ka bang 150 ho isa ho 250 milliseconds (metsotsoana e 0.15 ho isa ho 0.25) hore ts'usumetso ea methapo e fihle bokong, e sebetsoe ke motor cortex, methapo ea kutlo, le ho theola methapo ea kutlo ho theosa le methapo ea kutlo, ho theosa le methapo ea kutlo, ho theosa le methapo ea kutlo. forearm. - Sephaka sa hao se tsamaya bohole bo bokae pele boko ba hao bo tseba hore bo tshwasehile: Nakong eo ya metsotso e 0.20 ya ho lieha ha methapo ya kutlo, le pele boko ba hao bo ka qala ho romela taelo ya hore o bule letsoho la hao, lesela la lathe le se le ntse le bilika 4 ka makgetlo a felletseng mme leqeba 94 centimeters (37 inches) ya lesela, glove, kapa letsoho. Letsoho la hao, letsoho, forearm le lehetla li se li phuthetsoe ho pota-pota chuck pele u hlokomela hore ho na le lets'oao le etsahetseng.

2. The "Chinese Finger Trap" constriction ea lesela le lohiloeng le lesela la emery

Ha motho ea sebetsang a tšoere lesela le lohiloeng la aluminium-oxide emery kapa rag ea lebenkele la k'hothone ho potoloha shaft e ohiang, kapa a roala tlelafo e lohiloeng ea k'hothone/Kevlar: - Sekoti se le seng sa microscopic burr kapa keyway slot ho shaft e ohiang se tšoara ntlha e ka pele ea lesela ebe e le mena ka tlas'a sephutheloana se latelang. - Ka mor'a phetoho e le 'ngoe (\(0.05\text{ seconds}\)), sekoahelo sa bobeli sa lesela se tšoasa monoana o motona le monoana oa letsoho ka tlas'a lesela le thata-thata (e tloaelehileng \(25\text{-millimeter}\) [\(1\text{-inch}\)] lesela le tšehelitsoeng ka lesela la emery le na le matla a macha ho isa ho 1,800 ho feta 400 liponto-matla]**). - The friction capstan effect ($ T_2 = T_1 capstan factor$) e notlela lesela ho potoloha shaft joalo ka moropa oa winch ea leoatleng, e qhekella phalanges ebe e hula karolo eohle e ka holimo ka lekhalo le moqotetsane pakeng tsa sesebediswa se ohiang le bethe e entsoeng ka tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe.

Papiso ea likotsi tsa mochini o potolohang, mekhoa ea likotsi, le taolo ea mabenkele

Kotsi ea Mochini e potolohang Mochini o Tloaelehileng & Lebelo Mechanical Trigger Sebopeho sa Trauma Pattern Molao o Tlamang oa Thibelo le Pholoso
**1. Glove / Sleeve / Emery-Cloth Entanglement ** Engine Lathe, Turret Lathe, Milling Machine (\(300\text{--}2,500\text{ RPM}\)) Ho roala liatlana tsa mosebetsi, li-cuffs tse hlephileng, kapa ho phuthela lesela la emery / rag ho potoloha shaft e ohiang ka letsoho Rotational avulsion ampulation ea menoana/letsoho; ho robeha ha metsoako ea spiral ea radius, ulna, le humer; sefuba se phophomang ha se huleloa mpeng ** Liatlana tsa Zero kapa matsoho a malelele **; tšoara lesela la emery holim'a sekoahelo sa lehong; brake ea leoto la stomp + E-Stop; phutholoha ka letsoho ho Neutral
2. Moriri o Motelele & Hoodie Drawstring Hoodie Ho hohla Letlalo Tobetsa ka ho Otloloha, Screw ea Lathe lead, Radial Drill (\(500\text{--}3,000\text{RPM}\)) Sefahleho se sekametseng haufi le boro kapa sesebelisoa se lihelang haufi le sekurufu sa loto se nang le moriri o sa tlangoa kapa likhoele tse lepeletseng. Ho thothomela ka ho felletseng kapa ka mokhoa o sa fellang (ho taboha hammoho le sefofane se hlephileng sa lithane tsa areolar); ho robeha ha mokokotlo oa mokokotlo; tšusumetso ea sefahleho holim'a quill Tlama moriri ka ho feletseng ka hare ho cap, ka mor'a molaleng; tlosa lithapo tsohle tsa hoodie; kenya drill-press chuck guard
**3. Lebetsoeng Chuck Key Projectile Ejection ** Metal Lathe kapa Heavy Drill Press (\(500\text{--}2,000\text{RPM}\)) Opereishene e tiisa mehlahare ka senotlolo sa T-handle chuck, e lebala senotlolo se soketeng, ebe e kenya spindle clutch/start switch. Tšusumetso ea lebelo le holimo le lerootho/e phunyeletsang ho lehata, orbit, maxilla, kapa sternum joalo ka \(0.5\text{kg}\) (\(1.1\text{ lb}\)) senotlolo sa tšepe se qala ka \(>20\text{ m/s}\) (\(45\text{ mph}\)) Sebelisa ** linotlolo tsa chuck tse jarollotsoeng tsa selemo ** feela; le ka mohla u se ke ua tlohela senotlolo sa chuck ho fihlela se khutletse ka har'a benche ea sona
4. "Helicopter Whip" e sa tšehetsoeng ea Bar Stock Metal Lathe Hollow Headstock Spindle (\(800\text{--}2,500\text{RPM}\)) Molamu o molelele oa tšepe o fetela \(>30\text{cm}\) (\(12\text{ in}\)) ho tsoa karolong e ka morao e ka morao ea spindle ea hlooho ntle le tšupu ea tšehetso ea bar. Matla a Centrifugal a koba molamu o ohiang ho 90-degree angle ka karoloana ea motsotsoana, e fiela selikalikoe se bolaeang se rapameng se pshatlang mahata. **Le ka mohla u se ke ua lumella li-bar stock tse sa tšehetsoeng hore li hlahelle ** ka morao ho hlooho ea hlooho ea lathe; fokotsa thepa kapa u sebelise sephali se tšehetsang ka morao
5. Unclaped Drill-Press Workpiece Spin ("Helicopter Blade") Mongolo o Otlolohileng oa ho Drill (\(400\text{--}1,500\text{RPM}\)) Opereishene e tšoara pampiri ea tšepe kapa bareng e bataletseng ka letsoho holim'a tafole ea ho phunya; phunya e phunyeletsa lesoba le ka tlase la ho tsoa 'me liphala li phunya tšepe Sesebediswa sa mosebetsi se tswa matsohong mme se ohla ka \(1,000\text{RPM}\) jwalo ka lehare la mohlwa, mme se baka botebo mothapo o fetofetohang, mothapo wa mokokotlo, le maqeba a letsoho ** Tobetsa karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea mosebetsi tafoleng ea khatiso ea ho cheka ** ka vise, C-clamp, kapa bolt ea ho emisa; le ka mohla u se ke ua tšoara tšepe ka letsoho ha u ntse u phunya

Khato ka mehato ea extrication le tlhokomelo ea bongaka bakeng sa lehlatsipa le tšoasitsoeng

Ha mosebetsi-'moho kapa setho sa lelapa se huleloa mochineng oa lathe kapa oa boro, ketsahalo eo e ba le pherekano ebile e tšosa. Ho latela tatellano e laetsoeng ea mehato e mene ho thibela likotsi tsa bobeli ho mopholosi le ho pholosa bophelo ba mohlaseluoa.

Mohato oa 1: Fokotsa matla, Brake, le Lock Out (Metsotsoana 0 ho isa ho 5)

  1. Otla Brake ea Leoto LE E-Stop: Litšeng tsa sejoale-joale tsa indasteri (tse lumellanang le ANSI B11.6 le ISO 23125), letoto la ho hatakeloa le bolelele bo felletseng le bokhubelu kapa bo mosehla le tsamaela fatše botlaaseng ba lesela la lathe chip pan. Ho hata bareng eo ka nako e le 'ngoe ho khoehlisa lesela la polokeho ea motlakase ebe ho kenya brake ea mochini kapa ea motlakase holim'a spindle.
  2. Koala Lebota Khaola kapa u ntše polaka mochine: Pele u beha matsoho pakeng tsa mehlahare ea lesela la lathe kapa moriri o theohang ho tloha mochining oa ho phunya oa boro, lahlela lerako la ho hakolla motlakase ho ** OFF ** (kapa hula thapo ea motlakase mochining oa benche). Lilapeng tsa khale tsa liindasteri tse tsamaisoang ke clutch (joalo ka limilo tsa khale tsa Bridgeport kapa Monarch/Colchester moo enjene ea mekhahlelo e meraro e lulang e lla le ha spindle clutch lever e khaotsoe), ** tima enjene e kholo ka botlalo ** kahoo ho otla lever ea clutch nakong ea extrication e ke ke ea qala chuck hape.

Mohato oa 2: Lekola ho tsoa mali le tsela ea moea PELE o bula leoto (Metsotsoana 5 ho isa ho 30)

  • Haeba mohlaseluoa a huleloa ka hlooho kapa a huloa ka sefubeng holim'a mochini o ohiang: Molala, trachea kapa sefuba se ka hatelloa ho ea tlase holima thulusi kapa sepache. Sheba hang-hang hore na ba khona ho hema; haeba khoele ea hempe e sothehileng kapa khoele ea hoodie e khama methapo ea bona ea carotid le trachea, seha molala oa hempe le khoele e hulang ho tloha molaleng ho ea tlase u sebelisa sekere se boima kapa thipa ea hook ea lebanta hang-hang.
  • Haeba letsoho kapa letsoho le pshatlehile 'me le phuthetsoe ka har'a solu: Batla mali a bofubelu bo khanyang a phallang kapa a kopane ka har'a chip tray. Haeba ho na le tšollo ea mali e behang bophelo kotsing, sebelisa tourniquet ea windlass ho potoloha letsoho le ka holimo (humerus) lisenthimithara tse 5 ho isa ho tse 7 (2 ho isa ho 3 inches) ka holim'a sebaka se qabeletsoeng PELE u phutholla leoto ho tloha mokokotlong. Ka linako tse ling khatello e thata ea tšepe ea tšepe le sleeve e sothehileng e sebetsa e le tamponade ea nakoana; nakong eo u phutholohang letsoho, methapo e khaohileng ea brachial kapa radial e ka tsoa mali ka metsotsoana e 90 ntle le haeba tourniquet e se e le teng.

Mohato oa 3: Mokhoa oa ho lokolla leoto le qabeletsoeng mochining oa lathe kapa oa boro ntle le ho baka tšenyo e eketsehileng

  1. U SE KE UA khitla lehetleng kapa 'mele oa motho ea hlasetsoeng: Ho hulela morao leotong le robehileng le robehileng ho potoloha shaft ea tšepe ho tsamaisa lesapo le matsutlanyane ka har'a methapo le methapo ea mali.
  2. Kenya spindle ea mochini ho Free-Wheeling Neutral:
  3. Ka lathe ea tšepe e hlonngoeng hloohong: Fumana li-lever tsa RPM ka pele ho hlooho 'me u tsamaise leqhubu le le leng lipakeng tsa likere tse peli ho Neutral detent ('me u lokolle brake ea leoto hang ha u tšoere chuck ka matsoho a mabeli e le hore e se ke ea bilika tlas'a matla a khoheli).
  4. Mohatong oa boro e khannoang ka lebanta kapa lathe ea lehong: Bula sekoahelo sa sekoahelo sa pulley e ka holimo 'me u phenye lebato la tsitsipano ho theola V-belt ho tloha pulley ea ho ohla hore selulo se thinye ka bolokolohi ka letsoho.
  5. Seha masela a tlamang 'me u phutholohe butle-butle ka morao: E-re mopholosi a le mong a tšehetse letsoho le robehileng la mohlaseluoa ha mopholosi oa bobeli a sebelisa likere tsa maqeba ho khaola masela a masela a matsoho kapa a li-glove, butle-butle a bilikisa chuck morao ka letsoho ka kotara e le 'ngoe ka nako.
  6. Haeba menoana ea motho ea hlasetsoeng e pentiloe ka ho toba ka har'a ntho e ts'oereng kapa lipakeng tsa poso le mosebetsi: Sebelisa konopo ea T-handle chuck ho bula mehlahare, kapa sebelisa lebili la lebili la lebili la letsoho / sefapano sa selaete ho khutlisetsa sesebelisoa hole le letsoho.

Mohato oa 4: Ho Laola ho Avulsion ea Ring, Degloving, le Scalp Avulsion

Li-spindles tse potolohang le li-drill bits li baka likotsi tse tharo tse khethehileng tsa lisele tse bonolo tse hlokang tlhokomelo e khethehileng ea prehospital bakeng sa microsurgery e tsosolosang: 1. Likotsi tsa ho Avulsion Ring (Hobaneng liringche li sa tlameha ho roaloa lebenkeleng): Ha thipa e ohlang, mohlahare oa chuck, kapa tšepe e fofang e hokela bende ea lenyalo ea khauta, silevera kapa tungsten, selikalikoe sa tšepe se seha ho pota-pota botlaaseng ba monoana ebe se hlobolisa silindara eohle ea letlalo la mafura, lesapo le lesapo le theohang ka tlas'a lesapo. joalo ka ho ebola monoana oa liatlana (** Urbaniak Class II kapa III ring avulsion **). - Thuso ea Pele: Le ka mohla u se ke ua leka ho sutumelletsa letsoho la letlalo le hlobotseng morao holim'a lesapo, 'me u se ke ua khaola lephaphatha le leketla la letlalo. Beha letlalo le hlasetsoeng ka mokhoa oa tlhaho ntle le ho koala methapo ea mali e nyane ea dijithale, koahele ka lesela le kolobisitsoeng le nang le letsoai, le qhekelle letsoho lohle, 'me u tsamaise mokuli le lisele tse koetsoeng ka ho felletseng tsa menoana ho ea sepetlele se nang le bokhoni ba ho etsa microsurgery **. 2. Scap Avulsion from Drill Press Entanglement: Hobane letlalo la hlooho la motho le na le lera le matla la fibrous (galea aponeurotica) le thellang holim'a sefofane se hlephileng, se batlang se se na mali sa mahlahahlaha ka holim'a lehata la periosteum, ha mochine oa ho phunya o phahamisa moriri o molelele, lekhapetla lohle la hlooho le lekhapetleng le nang le moriri. sephaphatha se seholo. Hobane letlalo la hlooho le na le phepelo e ntle ea methapo e tsoang methapong e mehlano e tsamaisanang ho potoloha perimeter, ho tsoa mali ho tsoa mathōkong a tabohileng ho na le metsi a mangata 'me ho ka baka tšollo ea mali. - Thuso ea Pele: Tšela liphahlo tse kholo, tse ngata haholo tse nang le khatello e matla ea letsoho ho potoloha karolo e tsoang maling ea lehata (ntle le haeba ho na le ho robeha ho sa tsitsang ha lehata le tepeletseng maikutlo, moo u hatellang mathōko a marapo a tiileng). Beha letlalo la hlooho le hlenneng le moriri oa lona o ntse o khomaretsoe holim'a lesela le mongobo le sa hloekang la saline ka har'a mokotla oa polasetiki o tiisitsoeng o behiloeng holim'a leqhoa la metsi a leqhoa, ** lingaka tse buoang tse nyenyane li ka khona ho hokela letlalo la hlooho le hlenneng ka ho feletseng esita le lihora tse 6 ho isa ho tse 12 hamorao haeba le bolokoa le pholile 'me le sa hoama **.

'Stringy Steel Swarf' Razor Hazard ka Metal Lathes

Ha u fetola litšepe tsa ductile, tšepe e sa hloekang, kapa aluminiamo holim'a lathe ntle le groove ea chip-breaker, lehare le sa khaotseng la tšepe e chesang (stringy swarf) le thella sesebelisoa sa ho itšeha. Haeba ribone eo e pota-potile chuck e ohiang kapa sesebedisoa, e fetoha leru le bilikang la terata e leolitsoeng habeli ka lebelo la 1,000 RPM. klzzwxh:0056 Ho hula sehlaha se ohiang ho kenya letsoho la hao ka ho toba kaar'a chuck kapa lilae ka har'a lithapo tsa hau ho ea lesapong. Ka linako tsohle emisa seluloana ka ho feletseng, kapa u boloke hoko ea tšepe e kobehileng ea 60-centimeter (24-inch) e kobehileng ka letsoho e nang le molebeli oa letsoho mochining ho hlakola lichifi ha feela selulo se emisitsoe.

Mokhoa oa ho thibela ho qalisoa ha "Lathe Chuck Key" le "Tailstock Wrench".

E 'ngoe ea likotsi tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa le tse bolaeang lebenkeleng le leng le le leng la mochini li etsahala ha setsebi sa machini se kenya tšepe e boima e bōpehileng joaloka T ** chuck key ** ka har'a sokete ea lehare e nang le mehlahare e meraro kapa e mene e thata ho tiisa karolo e itseng, e sitisoa ka metsotsoana e 'meli ke mosebetsi-'moho le eena kapa polane,' me a hula spindle qala lever ka chuck key e ntse e le chuck. - Fisiks ea ho qala chuck-key: Ka mor'a metsotsoana e 0.2 ho qala motlakase oa lathe oa 5-horsepower ka 1,200 RPM, chuck e potlakisa senotlolo sa 0.5-kilogram (1.1-pound) steel chuck ho lebelo la *15 ho isa ho 25 metres ka motsotsoana (35 hora ho 5). Ha centrifugal force e lahlela senotlolo ka ntle ho square sokete, e rokella ka ho toba sefahlehong le sefubeng sa motho ea sebetsang ho eona kapa ho haola le mokatong oa lebenkele, e baka ho robeha ha lehata le tepeletseng maikutlo, ho phatloha ha liroboto tsa mahlo, kapa leqeba le phunyeletsang sefubeng. - Melao e 'meli e tlamang ea boenjiniere ea mabenkele e felisang ho qala ha chuck-key ka ho sa feleng: 1. Tlhaloso ea "Zero-Release": Koetlisa mohopolo oa mesifa ea hau e le hore letsoho la hao le letona kapa le letšehali LE SE KE UA tlohela ho tšoara senotlolo sa chuck ha senotlolo se le ka har'a chuck **. Haeba o hloka matsoho ka bobeli ho lokisa sesupo sa ho daela kapa ho nka mallet, senotlolo sa chuck se tlameha ho tsoa ka har'a chuck pele 'me se kenelle ka har'a soke ea sona e inehetseng. 2. Kenya Setsi sa Polokeho sa Chuck se Itlhommeng Pele saelemo le Molebeli oa Chuck o Kentsoeng: Tlas'a OSHA (29 CFR 1910.212), UK HSE (PUWER), le litekanyetso tsa ISO 23125, likhoele tsa sejoale-joale li sebelisa likonopo tsa ts'ireletso tse kentsoeng nakong ea selemo (tse nang le seliba se boima sa coil ho potoloha ntlha ea lisekoere se sutumetsang senotlolo ho tsoa ka soketeng hang ha u phomotsa khatello ea monoana o motona) hammoho le **sesepa sa semicircular chuck se nang le lithapo tse nang le thapo tse nang le terata ho isa moeling o bilikang * e le hore mochini o se ke oa emisa.

Mokhoa oa ho Polish Spinning Lathe Shaft ka Mokhoa o Sireletsehileng ntle le ho ama lesela la Emery

United Kingdom le European Union, Health and Safety Executive (HSE) e ile ea batlisisa batho ba bangata ba khaotsoeng litho tse bakiloeng ke bo-machini ba tšoereng masela a emery ka letsoho holim'a likhoele tsa letsoho. Ho bentša kapa ho phunya shaft e ohiang ka mathata a letho a ho kenyeletsoa: (1) Le ka mohla u se ke ua thatela lesela la emery ho pota-pota kapa ho tšoara mahlakore ka bobeli ka menoana e pinchaneng; ho e-na le hoo, sekhomarela kapa u khomarele sekoahelo sa emery holim'a paddle e telele ea lehong e bataletseng (joaloka setsubetsi sa pente kapa mofeng oa faele) 'me u hatelle sefahleho sa lehong le bataletseng ka lehlakoreng le ka tlase la moqomo o ohiang, kapa (2) tiisa** lesela le entsoeng ka lepolanka le nang le makukuno** le kentsoeng ka lesela la emery ho potoloha lesela ebe o tšoara maqhama a malelele a lehong ho tloha ka pele.

Linomoro tsa libaka tsa tšohanyetso le liprothokholo tsa mekhatlo

  • United States: Letsetsa 911 hang-hang bakeng sa ho khaoloa leha e le hofe, ho hoholeha ha letlalo, ho ts'oara, kapa seteraeke sa lebelo le phahameng, 'me u kope lipalangoang ho ea **Level I Trauma Center e nang le bokhoni ba Hand / Replantation Microsurgery **. Tlhokomelo ea mochini ea sebaka sa mosebetsi e tiisoa ke OSHA (29 CFR 1910.212 - Litlhoko tse Akaretsang bakeng sa Mechini Eohle, le 29 CFR 1910.147 - Lockout/Tagout) le ANSI B11.6 (Litlhoko tsa Tšireletseho bakeng sa Mechini ea ho Phetla ka Matsoho / Lathes, ABRIlling, ABRIlling, AND8, ABRIlling, AND8, le Milling. Mechini). Bahiri ba tlameha ho tlaleha ho khaoloa kapa ho lahleheloa ke leihlo ho OSHA nakong ea lihora tse 24 (1-800-321-6742).
  • Canada: Letsetsa 911 bakeng sa karabo ea tšohanyetso. Ho lebela mochini le ho notlela ho laoloa ke CSA Z432 (Ho Sireletsa Mechini) le CSA Z460 (Taolo ea Matla a Kotsi) e qobelloang ke mekhatlo ea liprofinse (WorkSafeBC, Ontario Ministry of Labor, CNESST).
  • United Kingdom: Letsetsa 999 kapa 112. E Tiisitsoe ke Mookameli oa Bophelo le Tšireletseho (HSE) tlas'a Tokisetso le Tšebeliso ea Melawana ea Thepa ea Mosebetsi ea 1998 (PUWER). Sheba ka ho hlaka HSE Leqephe la Boitsebiso ba Boenjiniere EIS2 (Likotsi tsa Metal Cutting Lathes Ho Sebelisa Lesela la Emery) le BS EN ISO 23125.
  • European Union: Letsetsa 112 ho pholletsa le linaha tsohle tseo e leng litho tsa EU. Mechini e fetolang le limilo li laoloa tlas'a EU Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC / Machinery Regulation 2023/1230) le ** EN ISO 23125 (Lisebelisoa tsa Mochini - Tšireletseho - Mechini e fetolang) **.
  • Australia le New Zealand: Letsetsa 000 Australia kapa 111 New Zealand. E laoloa ke Safe Work Australia, WorkSafe NZ, le AS/NZS 4024.1 (Safety of Machinery).

Lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa

A na nka roala liatlana tse tšesaane tse tšesaane tse lahloang tsa nitrile mochining oa lathe kapa mochini oa ho phunya hore ke lule ke khaola oli matsohong a ka?

Leha liatlana tsa letlalo, k'hothone, le liatlana tsa mosebetsi tsa Kevlar li hanetsoe ka thata haufi le li-spindle tse bilikang, esita le liatlana tsa nitrile tse tloaelehileng tsa 5-to-8-mil tse lahloang li ka tšoara sesebelisoa sa lebelo le holimo, khoele e ntle, kapa lekolilo ebe li sunya monoana sebakeng se sehang pele rabara e lla. The UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) le tataiso ea ANSI B11 e eletsa khahlanong le ho roala liatlana leha e le life ha matsoho a le haufi le lesela le potolohang; Ho e-na le hoo, sireletsa letlalo ho seha maro ka ho sebelisa litlolo tse thibelang metsi, hlatsoa matsoho ka mor'a ho lokisa mochine, 'me u sebelise li-brashi kapa li-nozzles tse pholisang e le hore matsoho a hao a lule a le thōko le sebaka se ohiang.

Ke hobane'ng ha u sa lokela ho beha monoana o khaotsoeng ka ho toba mokotlaneng oa leqhoa kapa ka kopi ea metsi a leqhoa?

Ho beha monoana o khaotsoeng kapa sephaphatha sa letlalo la hlooho ka kotloloho holim'a ice Cubes (haholo-holo leqhoa le omeletseng kapa li-frizero pack) ho homisa lisele tse bobebe tsa capillary endothelial le methapo ka mor'a metsotso e seng mekae, e leng se bakang necrosis e sa fetoheng ea serame e etsang hore ho se khonehe ho jala hape ka ho buuoa. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho qoelisa karolo e khaotsoeng ka kotloloho metsing a mokelikeli kapa metsing a pompo ho baka ho ruruha ha sele ea osmotic (maceration) e senyang methapo ea microscopic. Kamehla sebelisa Mokhoa oa Mela e Meraro e Meraro: (1) phuthela karolo eo ka lesela le hloekisitsoeng le kolobisitsoeng habobebe ka letsoai, (2) e koahele ka har’a mokotla oa polasetiki o ommeng o sa keneleng metsi, ’me (3) u phaphamelle mokotla oo o koetsoeng ka motsoako oa halofo ea leqhoa le halofo ea metsi (a lulang sebakeng se sireletsehileng, se sa batang ho tloha ho +1 ho ea ho +4 likhato tse 34 tsa Celsius).

Ke hobane'ng ha letsoho le khaotsoeng la lehlatsipa le sa ka la tsoa mali ka thata metsotso e 10 ea pele ka mor'a ho ntšoa ka lesela?

Ho fapana le selae se hloekileng sa guillotine ho tloha sakha kapa shear-shear-shear, e sieang methapo ea mali e bulehile 'me e phalla hang-hang, ho khaola ho potoloha ha lesela ho sotha le ho otlolla mothapo oa brachial kapa radial joaloka sengoathoana sa taffy pele se phunyeha. Ho otlolla hoo ho matla ha longitudinal ho senya lera le ka hare la tunica intima, le kobehang ka hare ha mesifa ea tunica media layer e koalehile ka thata (vasospasm), e koala mothapo oa nakoana. Leha ho le joalo, ha mokuli a ntse a futhumala, o fumana maro a IV, kapa a sisinyeha nakong ea lipalangoang, lefuba leo la arterial le tlohella ka tšohanyetso, e leng se fellang ka ho tsoa mali a mangata ka tšohanyetso. Kamehla beha windlass tourniquet proximal ho khaola leha e le efe e kholo ea leoto hang-hang.

Ke mokhoa ofe o bolokehileng ka ho fetisisa oa ho emisa mochine o monyenyane oa ho phunya holim'a benche hore o se ke oa ohla sekotoana sa lakane joaloka lehare la helikopta?

Litšepe tsa pampiri le lipoleiti tsa polasetiki tse tšesaane ke lisebelisoa tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa tsa ho cheka ka letsoho hobane ha ntlha ea conical ea mochini o sothang o phunyeletsa ka tlas'a letlapa le tšesaane, liphala tse peli tsa spiral li tšoara likarolo tse ka tlaase tsa lesoba joalo ka khoele ea sekoti ("ho tšoara ka katleho"), ho hahola lesela la tšepe ho tsoa menoaneng ea hau le ho le bilika ka 1,000 RPM. Ka linako tsohle tlamella tšepe e tšesaane ho boto ea lehong e tšehelitsoeng tafoleng ea ho cheka, sebelisa boro e hatiloeng (Unibit) ho e-na le mochini o sothang bakeng sa tšepe e tšesaane, kapa u tlamelle poso e otlolohileng ea tšepe ka lehlakoreng le letšehali la tafole ea khatiso e le hore mosebetsi o eme khahlano le poso e lehlakoreng la ho bilika.

Na ke lokela ho khaola sekotoana sa letlalo ke tšoere monoana o batlang o khaoloa letsohong e le hore ke behe monoana holim'a leqhoa?

Le ka mohla u se ke ua khaola borokho ba letlalo, tendon, kapa khoele e kopanyang monoana kapa setho se seng se khaotsoe 'meleng, ho sa tsotellehe hore na borokho boo bo shebahala bo le tšesaane hakae. Esita le borokho ba limilimithara tse 3 (0,12-inch) ba letlalo le tsitsitseng la palema kapa la mokokotlo hangata bo na le methapo e sa bonahaleng ea digital kapa mothapo o bolokang ntlha ea monoana o phela ’me o eketsa ka mokhoa o hlollang lebelo la katleho ea ho lokisoa ha ho buuoa. Ho e-na le hoo, ka bonolo lumella monoana o khaotsoeng ka mokhoa o itekanetseng sebakeng sa oona se tloaelehileng sa sebōpeho, phuthela letsoho lohle ka gauze e sa hloekang e mongobo le padding e ngata, u kopanye letsoho le letsoho holim'a letlapa le thata, 'me u sebelise pakete e pholileng ka ntle ho moaparo holim'a karolo ea distal haeba lipalangoang li lieha. Ho nka thuso ea thuso ea pele le thuto ea ho laola mali ho tsoa ho Sefapano se Sefubelu, St John Ambulance, kapa mofani oa lehae o lokisetsa basebetsi ba mabenkele bakeng sa ts'oaetso e matla ea indasteri.

Litataiso tse amanang

Mehloli le tataiso ea semmuso

  • Taolo ea Tšireletseho le Bophelo bo Botle mosebetsing (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.212 / 1910.147): *Litlhoko tsa Tebelo ea Mochini bakeng sa Li-chucks tse Potolohang, Li-Spindle, le Li-Lead Screw, Thibelo ea Li-gloves Mechineng e Potolohang, le Lockout/Tagout Extrication Protocol.
  • United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive (HSE): Engineering Information Sheet EIS2 (Likotsi ka Metal Cutting Lathes Sebelisa Emery Cloth), Entanglement at Drilling Machines, le PUWER 1998 Compliance.
  • Setsi sa Naha sa Maemo a Amerika (ANSI B11.6 le ANSI B11.8) le ISO 23125: Litlhoko tsa Tšireletseho bakeng sa Mechini e Phetlang ka letsoho (Lathes) le Mechini ea ho Drilling/Milling: Foot Brakes, Chuck Guards, le Rear Bar-Stock Containment.
  • Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Opereishene ea Letsoho (ASSH) le American College of Surgeons: Prehospital Management of Rotational Avulsion Amputations, Urbaniak Ring Avulsion Injuries, le Scalp Replantation Preservation.
  • Setheo sa Naha sa Polokeho le Bophelo bo Botle ba Mosebetsi (NIOSH): FACE (Tlhahlobo ea ho Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation) Litlaleho ka Lathe Entanglement, Unsupported Bar Stock Whip, le Chuck-Key Fatalities.