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Ka mor'a ho Tsamaisa Airbag: Lerōle la Lik'hemik'hale, Ho halefa ha Mahlo, le ho Thibela ho Hits ea Bobeli

Linomoro tsa maemo a tšohanyetso li fapana ho ea ka linaha. Leqephe lena le sebelisa 911, nomoro ea United States le Canada. Linaha tse ling tse ngata li sebelisa 112, 999, kapa nomoro e ’ngoe. Fumana nomoro ea naha ea heno.

Ha koloi ea Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) airbag e sebetsa nakong ea ho thulana, ntlo e tlala ka hare ho 20 ho isa ho 50 milliseconds ** ka leru le lesoeu kapa le bohlooho la phofo ea aerosolized, khase e hlabang, le likaroloana tse nyenyane tse hlahisoang ho tsoa lebiling la ho khanna, dashboard ho 310 km ho ea ho modules ho 10 km / 160 km le lehlakoreng. 200 mph), e tsamaeang le acoustic shockwave e fihlang 160 ho isa ho 178 decibels (dB). Likotsi tse peli tsa hang-hang li sokela baphonyohi metsotsoana e 60 ea pele ka mor'a hore mekotla e fokotsehe: ea pele, batho ba tšohileng ba lula ba etsa phoso e tšoeu ** cornstarch, talcum, le alkaline sodium hydroxide / potassium carbonate deployment lerōle ** bakeng sa enjene e sebetsang kapa mollo oa cabin le ho tsoa ka mamati a bona ka ho toba tseleng e kholo ea likoloi; ea bobeli, motsoako oa nakoana 160+ dB acoustic blast deafness (tinnitus and threshold shift), ho teneha ha mahlo a alkaline, le matla a koloi a holofetseng a siea batho ba ferekaneng ka har'a kotsi e sa bonesoang tseleng e lebelo le phahameng moo *likhohlano tsa bobeli li bolaeang batho ba likete ba shoang selemo le selemo.

Ho utloisisa hore na li-inflators tsa sejoale-joale tsa pyrotechnic le hybrid tse bolokiloeng-airbag inflators li sebetsa joang, ho khetholla phofshoana e se nang kotsi e tsoang mollong oa 'nete o chesang, ho ntša masala a alkaline a senyang mahlong a hau le matšoafong pele e baka ho chesoa ke lik'hemik'hale kapa bronchospasm, le ho qoba **un-deployed deployed lives with dual-stage livesfight. Tataiso ena e akaretsa metsotso ea pele ea 5 ka mor'a ho tsamaisoa ha airbag, thibelo ea bobeli ea ho senyeha, ho senya lerōle la lik'hemik'hale, le tlhahlobo ea bongaka bakeng sa likotsi tse patiloeng tsa airbag.

Etsa sena hona joale

  1. **U SE KE UA TLOLELA KA BOFOFU KA HO TSAMAI U NAHANA HORE KOLOI E CHELENG: Khetholla phofo e tšoeu ea airbag ho mosi oa mollo oa sebele, bula li-hazard tsa 4, ebe u theola lifensetere. masala a pyrotechnic. Ntle le haeba o bona **mosi o motšo kapa o mosehla o teteaneng o fokang ka tlas'a sekoaelo, malakabe a lamunu a bonahalang, kapa monko oa peterole e rothang **, koloi ea hau e kanna ea se ke ea tuka. Hang-hang tobetsa 4-way hazard flasher triangle, theola lifensetere tse ka thōko ho ntša lerōle le hlabang, 'me u hlahlobe liipone tsa hao tse ka mahlakoreng le litselana tsa sephethephethe pele u bula lemati leha e le lefe.
  2. ** LETSA 911 / 112 / 999 HANG-HANG (KGOTSA Netefatsa CALL YA HAO YA AUTOMATIC CRASH NOTIFICATION CALL): Le ka mohla o se ke wa tshetleha hlooho kapa sefuba sa hao kgahlanong le lebidi la setere kapa sekwahelo sa airbag se sa sebediswang.** Letsetsa sebakeng sa heno. dinomoro tsa tshohanyetso (911 United States le Canada, 112 ho pholletsa le European Union, 999 United Kingdom, 000 Australia). Likoloi tse ngata tsa sejoale-joale li notlolla mamati, li bonese mabone a ka hare, li khaole pompo ea mafura, 'me u letse molaetsa oa tšohanyetso ka eCall / OnStar / SOS hang ha mokotla oa moea o tuka. Boloka bonyane **25 ho 50 centimeters (10 to 20 inches) hole le sekoaelo sefe kapa sefe sa airbag se sa kengoang ** le hub ea wheel wheel, hobane **methati e 'meli e kenyang airbag ** e boloka tefiso ea bobeli ea pyrotechnic e ka phatlohang haeba potoloho e khuts'oane kapa tšusumetso ea bobeli e etsahala.
  3. THIBELA HO THUTA BOBELI BA BOBELI: Etsa qeto ka mor'a metsotsoana e 15 hore na u tsamaise koloi, u tlohe ka mor'a seporo, kapa u lule u itlamile ka hare. Haeba koloi ea hao e khona ho khannoa 'me e lutse tseleng e kholo e sebetsang, e e tsamaise butle lehetleng le hole le letona kapa u tsoe tseleng hang-hang. Haeba koloi e sa tsamaee hantle hobane kotsi e bakile Pyrotechnic Battery Disconnect (PSS / Pyro-Fuse), sheba sephethephethe se atamelang: tseleng e kholo ea lebelo le phahameng, tsoa feela ka ** lemati le lehlakoreng le se nang sephethephethe ** nakong ea lekhalo le hlakileng la sephethephethe 'me u tsamaee hang-hang ** ka mor'a mokoallo oa konkreite, maoto a 0 ho ea holimo ho 5 metres, kapa 0 metres ea tšepe e nyolohelang holimo ho 5 metres. senya **. Haeba likoloi li ntse li u feta ka har'a lehloa le letšo, moholi, kapa leqhoa le letšo, lula ka koloing u itlamile lebanta la pholoho 'me u tiisitse hlooho ho fihlela sephethephethe se emisa.
  4. klzzwxh:0088 e tsoakiloeng le cornstarch/talc luicant. Ha lerōle lena la alkaline le qhibiliha filiming ea hao ea likhapha kapa mofufutso, e phahamisa pH holimo 'me e baka maikutlo a tukang hang-hang kapa keratitis ea lik'hemik'hale (corneallkali burn). **Le ka mohla u se ke ua iotsa mahlo** (ho hohla ho sila likristale tse bohale ho pholletsa le cornea). Tlosa lilense tsa ho kopana hang-hang 'me u nosetse mahlo ka ho tsoelang pele ka metsi a hloekileng a libotlolong kapa letsoai le hloekileng bakeng sa metsotso e 10 ho isa ho e 15 ho tloha hukung e ka hare ho ea ka ntle.
  5. HAEBA MOTHO E MONG LE MANG A NA LE ASEMA KAPA HO FUMANA LE TŠEBELETSO EA TŠEBELETSO: Kena moeeng o hloekileng hang-hang 'me u sebelise sehema sa pholoso sa bronchodilator.albuterol / salbutamol). Ha motho a hema ka mor'a metsotso e 2 ho isa ho e 10 ka lebaka la asma, bana le batho ba baholo ba holofetseng.
  6. klzzwxh:0095 Mokoa oa moea o otla sefahleho, molala le sefuba ho fihlela ho 300 km/h (186 mph)*haeba motho ea ka hare a ne a le haufi le lisenthimithara tse 25 ho isa ho 25 centimeters. Batla tlhahlobo ea sepetlele bakeng sa pono leha e le efe e lerootho, kutlo e bobebe, bohloko ba sefuba, ho hema ka thata, kutlo e sa utloahaleng kapa ho lla habohloko litsebeng (acoustic barotrauma), kapa bolutu ba molala/ka mpeng.
flowchart TD
    A["Ho Kena ha Airbag ka Koloi ea Koloi"] --> B{"Hlahloba Fire vs. Airbag Dust Cloud (Metsotsoana e 10 ea Pele)"}
    B -->|"Lerōle le bosoeu bo bosehla, monko o bobebe oa litima-mollo, HA HO malakabe kapa mosi o motšo"| C["Phofo e Tloaelehileng ea Airbag (Cornstarch / Talc + Nitrogen): Bulela Likotsi tsa 4-Way; Theola Windows Down ho Vent Cabin"]
    B -->|"Mosi o motenya o motšo/acrid o tsoang mokatong, malakabe, kapa ho dutla ho matla ha mafura a tala"| D["KOTSI YA MOLLO EA KOLOI E SEBELISANG: Tlosa, u hlahlobe seipone bakeng sa sephethephethe, tsoa bohle ba ka har'a 45 m (150 ft) hang-hang"]
    C --> E{"Na koloi e eme tseleng e phelang ea litsela tse kholo?"}
    E -->|"Koloi e ntse e tsamaea / e tsamaea"| F["Tsamaisa butle mahetleng/bohareng hole le litselana tse sebetsang; koala enjene OFF; set parking brake"]
    E -->|"Koloi e shoele (Pyro-Fuse e khaola betri / mafura) tseleng e phelang"| G{"A na u ka tsoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ho ea sebakeng sa balebeli / mokolokong nakong ea lekhalo le hlakileng la sephethephethe?"}
    G -->|"YES: Hlakola lekhalo sephethephetheng + sethibelo se sireletsehileng haufi"| H["Tsoa ka NON-TRAFFIC lehlakoreng monyako; suthisa motho e mong le e mong ka morao ho guardrail & 30-50 m (100-165 ft) UPSTREAM ea wreck"]
    G -->|"CHE: Moholi o foufetseng, leqhoa le letšo, kapa likoloi tsa lebelo le phahameng tse fetang"| I["LULA BUCKLED KA HARE: Boloka lebanta la pholoso; lula 25 cm (10 in) morao ho tloha lebiling la setere le li-airbags tse sa sebelisoang"]
    F --> J["Etsa Post-Airbag Medical Decontamination & Triage"]
    H --> J
    I --> J
    J --> K["1. U SE KE U HLABA MAHLO: Tlosa mabitso le ho hlatsoa mahlo ka metsi 10-15 min bakeng sa lerōle la alkaline<br/>2. Kenya sefuba sa asthma ha o hema<br/>3. Hlahloba sefuba, mahlo, eardrum & lesapo la mokokotlo; emela EMS (911/112/999)"]

Le ka mohla u se ke ua itšetleha ka lebili la setere kapa ua emisa hlooho ea hau khahlano le tšiea e lehlakoreng kamora ho oa: The Dual-Stage & Un-Deployed Airbag Trap

Likoloi tsa sejoale-joale li sebelisa ** Li-Airbags tsa Methati e Mebeli (Smart) Ka pele** hammoho le mekotla e mengata ea moea e nang le phello e mahlakoreng le mekotla ea moea ea likharetene tse marulelong. Ho ipapisitse le ho teba ha kotsi le ts'ebeliso ea lebanta la setulo, komporo ea crash (SRS Control Module) hangata e tuka feela Mothati oa 1 (matla a hoo e ka bang liphesente tse 70) a lebili la setere kapa mokotla oa moea oa baeti nakong ea tšusumetso e itekanetseng, e siea Mohato oa 2 (e setseng ea 30 lekholong tefiso ea pyrotechnic) e phela ka har'a setsi sa lebili. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, haeba feela li-airbags tse ka pele li sebelisoa, **-lesira le lehlakoreng le li-airbags tsa setulo-bolster li lula li hlometse ka matla a 100 lekholong **. Haeba koloi ea bobeli e emisa koloi ea hau e nang le bokooa ka morao, kapa haeba mopholosi kapa mokhanni a ntse a itšetlehile ka hlooho ea hae holim'a lebili kapa a phomotse tšiea ea monyako, tefiso e setseng e ka phatloha ka ** 300 km / h (186 mph) sebakeng se se nang letho *, e bakang kotsi e bolaeang ea mokokotlo oa mokokotlo kapa kotsi ea boko. ** Boloka bohle ba kenang le bathusi ho "10-5-20 Rule" (bonyane lisenthimithara tse 10 / 25 cm ho tloha mokotlaneng oa moea oa mokhanni, 5 lisenthimithara / 13 cm ho tloha mokotla oa moea o lehlakoreng, le lisenthimithara tse 20 / 50 cm ho tloha mokotleng oa dashboard ea bapalami) ho fihlela bo-ralitima-mollo ba khaola betri ea 12-volt.

Airbag Powder vs. Active Vehicle Fire vs. Refrigerant Leak: 10-Second Identification Table

Metsotsoaneng ea moferefere ka mor'a kotsi, ho tseba se phaphametseng moeeng ho thibela liphoso tse peli tse fapaneng tse bolaeang: ho qhomela ka ntle ho koloi e sireletsehileng ho kena tseleng e tlang ea 110 km/h (70 mph) ka lebaka la lerōle le se nang kotsi la cornstarch, kapa ho lula ka koloing e tukang ho nka hore mosi oa motlakase o mobe ke phofshoana feela.

Letšoao la Cabin / Sensory Cue Tloaelehileng Airbag Deployment Cloud Moholi o sithabetseng oa A/C / Sehatsetsing (R-134a kapa R-1234yf) Enjine ea 'Nete / Motlakase / Mollo oa Mafura
Ponahalo le Mmala wa Ponahalo Chalky ** leru le lesoeu kapa le boputsoa bo bobebe bo omileng ** le tlatsang ntlo hang-hang ka tšusumetso; e qala ho lula ka har'a dashboard le litulo nakong ea **30 ho isa ho metsotsoana e 90 **. Moholi o mosoeu, o moholi, mouoane o kang oa moholi o llang ho tsoa ka pel'a terata kapa masoba a dashboard; e qhalana ka potlako moeeng o mosesaane ntle le ho siea tjhoko e omileng menoaneng ea hau. Mosi o bilikang o boputsoa bo loileng, o motšo, kapa o sootho bo sootho o ntseng o hola ho ba motenya motsotsoana o mong le o mong, o nyolohang ho tloha ka tlas'a sehokelo, liliba tsa mabili kapa k'hapete ea fatše.
Monko/Monko E nkha joalo ka ** sethunya, li-fireworks, sebabole, kapa li-mechiche tse chesitsoeng **, li kopantsoe le phofo ea lesea e chalky kapa cornstarch ka nkong. Monate, ethereal, ** chloroform-like kapa monko oa mokelikeli oa lik'hemik'hale ** o tsamaeang le molumo o phahameng oa khatello e matla sebakeng se ka pele sa radiator. E bohale, e bolila rabara e tukang, polasetiki e qhibilihisitsoeng, oli e chesang ea motlakase, kapa mosi o mokelikeli oa peterole o bipetsang 'metso hang-hang.
**Mocheso le Boitšoaro ba Mocheso ** Lesela la mokotla oa moea oa nylon le tšepe ea inflator ea tšepe ** e chesa haholo ho ea ho e ama (ho fihla ho 90 ho isa ho 200 degrees Celsius / 195 ho 390 degrees Fahrenheit)**, 'me mocheso o fokolang oa mocheso o ka phahama ho tloha lebiling la setere ka motsotso o le mong, empa ha ho malakabe kapa malakabe a khanyang a teng. Ho bata moo ho phatlohileng (ka lebaka la ho ata ka potlako ha khase), le hoja moholi oa oli o fafatsoang holim'a mochine o chesang o chesang o ka hotetsa haeba R-1234yf mabitso a bula ditlhase. **Mocheso o nyolohang ka potlako ** leboteng la mollo, hood, kapa boardboard; pente e phatsimang holim'a hood; khanya e 'mala oa lamunu e benyang ka tlas'a kou ea enjene.
Ho Hlokahala Kgato ya Hanghang *U SE KE UA Itihela ka har'a sephethephethe. Theola lifensetere ho ntša lerole, sheba liipone tsa sephethephethe, tsamaisa koloi lehetleng haeba e khona ho khannoa, kapa u tsoe ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ha sephethephethe se tsoa. Tlosa sebonela le sefutho sa HVAC, theola lifensetere, 'me u tsoe ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng; qoba ho hema mouoane o teteaneng oa sehatsetsi sebakeng se koetsoeng. ** TŠIRELETSO E KA SEKETSANG BOPHELO:** Hlōla marapo hang-hang, u sehe mabanta a pholoho a petelitsoeng ha ho hlokahala, hlahloba likoloi tse tlang, 'me u tlose bohle ba ka har'a naha **45 metres (maoto a 150) ka moea o fokang **.

Mokhahlelo oa 1: Ho Pholoha Metsotsoaneng ea Pele ea 60: Ho Thibela Khohlano e Bolaeang ea Bobeli

Ho latela lintlha tsa polokeho ea sephethephethe ho tsoa U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) le mekhatlo ea Europe ea polokeho ea makoloi, hoo e ka bang **20 lekholong ea likotsi tsohle tsa likotsi tsa litsela tse kholo li kenyelletsa ho thulana ha bobeli **, moo koloi e atamelang e thulang koloi ea batho ba nang le bokooa kapa batho ba tsielehileng ba emeng tseleng. Ho kenngoa ha airbag ho eketsa tsietsi ea bobeli ea ho oa ka mabaka a mararo a bohlokoa:

1. Hobaneng ha Koloi ea Hao e ke ke ea Qala Bocha Ka mor'a ho Tsamaisa Airbag: The Pyrotechnic Battery Disconnect (Pyro-Fuse)

Bakhanni bao mekotla ea bona ea moea e kenang ka har'a thulano e nyane kapa e itekanetseng ba atisa ho makala ha ba fumana hore enjene e shoa hang-hang 'me enjene e qala e shoele ka liphesente tse 100 , e ba siea ba khelohile litseleng tse sebetsang le hoja enjene ka boeona e ne e sa sebetsa. - Kamoo Pyro-Fuse e sebetsang ka teng: Hoo e ka bang likoloing tsohle tsa sejoale-joale (ho kenyeletsoa peterole, diesel, hybrid, le mefuta ea motlakase), tse ntle. +12V thapo ea betri (kapa bese ea betri e tsamaeang ka matla a phahameng) e na le Pyrotechnic Safety Switch (PSS / Pyro-Fuse / Battery Safety Terminal). Ka motsotsoana, k'homphieutha ea SRS e chesa mekotla ea moea, e boetse e chesa squib e nyenyane ka har'a terminal ea betri e senyang mochine o motenya le motlakase oa alternator ka thōko ** ha e ntse e laela Fuel Pump Control Module ho koala phallo ea mafura, ho thibela likhoele tse ka pele le melapo e robehileng ea mafura ho tloha mollong. - Se ntseng se sebetsa (le se sa sebetseng):** Set sa ho qala enjene, pompo ea mafura, le seteraeke sa motlakase se phahameng haholo li khaotsoe; u ke ke ua qala koloi bocha kapa ua khanna koloi**. Leha ho le joalo, mohala o kopantsoeng oa bobeli o tlaase o lula o hokahane le betri ka ho khetheha ho matlafatsa **4-way hazard flashers, mabone a kaare a dome, liloko tsa mamati a motlakase (tse notleloang ka boiketsetso), lifensetere tsa motlakase, le modem ea cellular ea SOS / eCall ea tšohanyetso ea telematics. Likoloing tse ling tsa khale tse nang le mochini o kenyang peterole-cutoff inertia switch (e ka har'a phanele kapa kutu), switch e ka hatelloa hore e sete bocha, leha u tlameha **le ka mohla u se ke ua leka ho seta switch switch ha u nkha peterole kapa u bona mokelikeli o lutla ka tlas'a koloi **.

2. Ho kganna ka Lehetleng ka Airbag e Senyehileng (Haeba Enjene e Ntse e Tswella)

Likarolong tse ling tse tlase kapa likoloing tse se nang betri li hakolla squib, enjene e lula e sebetsa ka mor'a hore mokotla oa moea o che 'me o fokotsehe hang-hang (likotla tsa moea li senyeha ka hare ho ** 0.1 ho metsotsoana e 0.3 ** ka li-vents tse ka morao ka mokotleng oa nylon). Hang ha lesela la nylon le putlama 'me le leketla ho tloha bohareng ba lebili la setereng, rim ea lebili la setereng, brake pedal le transmission shifter li ntse li sebetsa ntle le haeba thae e ka pele, letsoho la taolo, kapa axle e tabohile. Tšoara lebili le kantle la lebili la setere (u se ke ua** ho ts'oara sets'oants'o sa tšepe se chesang se bohareng ba mokotlana o tabohileng, o ka fetang 150 degrees Celsius / 300 degrees Fahrenheit ebe u chesa liatla tsa hau), sutumelletsa mokotla oa nylon ka thoko hore o se ke oa thella lehetleng pele o koala lithupa tse ka letsohong le letona, ebe o koala mahlaka butle. ho hotetsa.

3. "Lula ka Hare vs. Tloha ka mor'a mokoallo" Protocol ea Qeto

Haeba koloi ea hau e sa tsamaee tseleng e sebetsang kapa mahetla a moqotetsane ka mekotla ea moea e kentsoeng: 1. Laeta li-hazard tsa 4-way le mabone a ho paka makoloi, 'me u theole lifensetere tsohle tse sebetsang hang-hang: Ho theola lifensetere ka masoba a hlabang lerōle la alkaline, ho hlakisa pono ea hau, le ho netefatsa monyetla oa ho baleha pele betri ea 12-volt e tsoa. 2. Tsela e Kgolo ya lebelo e omileng/e Metsi e nang le Tebelo kapa Embankment e Haufi: Emela lekhalo le tiisitsweng la sephethephethe se atamelang. Etsa hore motho e mong le e mong a tsoe ka **lemati a shebileng hole le sephethe-phethe ** (o se ke oa kena tseleng e sebetsang ho ea hlahloba bumper ea hau). Tsamaea ka potlako ka mor'a seporo sa tšepe, mokoallo oa konkreite, kapa bonyane limithara tse 15 (maoto a 50) ho nyolosa mokoloko o ka thōko ho tsela, 'me u behe motho e mong le e mong 30 ho isa ho 50 metres (maoto a 100 ho isa ho a 165) UPSTREAM (lebile sephethephethe se tlang) kahoo ho senyeha ha sefofane ho tloha kotsing ea bobeli ho tloha ho uena. 3. Pokello ea Likoloi Tse Ngata, Moholi o sa Bonahaleng, Whiteout Blizzard, kapa Sheet Black Ice: Haeba u sa bone mabone a atamelang ho fihlela a le ka holim'a hao, kapa haeba likoloi li tsoa taolong ho u potoloha, ho tsoa koloing ea hau ka maoto ho bolaea. **Lula ka har'a koloi u tlamme lebanta la hao la pholoso ka thata **, tlohela mabone ohle, lula hole le li-module tsa airbag tse sa kengoang, 'me u tšetlehe hlooho ea hau ho fihlela likoloi tsa tšohanyetso li u thibela.

Mokhahlelo oa 2: Chemistry ea Airbag Deployment & Medical First Aid bakeng sa Lerōle, Mahlo, Matšoafo le Letlalo.

Bahlaseluoa ba bangata ba likotsi ba tšoha ha ba utloa hore mekotla ea khale ea moea e sebelisitse azide ea sodium (NaN3), kapa ha mahlo a bona le matsoho a bona a qala ho chesa metsotso e 10 ka mor'a ho thulana. Ho tseba hantle k'hemik'hale ea hore na ho tsoa eng ka mokotla oa moea ho u fa monyetla oa ho tlosa litšila hanghang.

1. Ha e le hantle ke Eng ka hare ho White Airbag Cloud?

Li-inflators tsa pyrotechnic le hybrid airbag li sebetsa ka karabelo e matla ea lebelo le phahameng kapa karabelo ea khase e bolokiloeng: 1. Legacy sodium Azide (NaN3) vs Modern Guanidine Nitrate / Hybrid Inflators: Ha sensor ea ho senyeha e etsa hore ho be le squib ea motlakase, li-pellets tse tiileng li chesa ka potlako ho hlahisa khase ea nitrogen e se nang kotsi (N2, e etsang karolo ea 78 lekholong ea moea o phefumolohang) ho kenya mokotla ka har'a 30 milliseconds. Nakong ea ho romelloa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, ** hoo e ka bang karolo ea 100 lekholong ea sodium azide e jeoa ke mocheso oa mocheso ** ( sodium azide e tala e kotsi feela haeba mosebeletsi oa salvage a khaola * canister e sa sebelisetsoeng * kapa haeba canister e nang le likhohola e lutla metsi). Leha ho le joalo, sodium e nyane le potasiamo li phonyoha ka masoba a ka morao a mokotla oa moea ebe li arabela hang-hang ka mongobo moeeng oa ka kamoreng, filimi ea hao ea likhapha, le mofufutso oa hau ho theha aerosolized Sodium Hydroxide.NaOHlye) le Potassium carbonate (K2CO3). 2. Lubricant Powder (Cornstarch and Talcum Powder): Ho boloka lesela la nylon le mennwe ka thata le le ka hare ho lebidi la setereng ka dilemo tse 10 ho isa ho tse 15 ntle le ho momahana, bahlahisi ba apesa mokotla o mennweng ka cornstarch, talcum powder, kapa calcium carbonate. Nakong ea ho phatloha ho hoholo ha theko, phofo ena e ntle e koahetsoe ke likaroloana tsa alkaline tse nyenyane haholo (NaOH) le metallic oxides, tse bululetsoeng ka ho toba mahlong, linkong, molomong le letlalong la mokhanni.

2. Thuso ea Pele ea Hang-hang bakeng sa Airbag Chemical Keratitis (Ho Halefa ha Mahlo a Alkaline le Corneal Abrasion)

Liphuputso tsa mahlo li bontša hore ho kenngoa ha mokotla oa moea ho baka maemo a mabeli a tšohanyetso a mahlo: ** mechanical corneal abrasion / blunt hyphema** (ho tloha lesela la nylon le otlang cornea ka 200+ km/h) le alkaline chemical keratitis (ho tloha sodium hydroxide le carbonate lerōle ka holim'a lerōle la carbonate le qhibilihisang pH ea mahlo. 7.5 to 9.0). - Molao oa 1, O SE KE UA Hlōla Mahlo: Leru la ho romelloa le na le matsoai a alkaline a caustic le microscopic metallic/silicate particulate tse tsoang skrineng sa sefe ea motlakase. Ho hohla mahlo a hao ho sila likaroloana tsena tse bohale ho pholletsa le corneal epithelium joalo ka sandpaper. - Molao oa 2, Tlosa Li-Contact Lenses Hang-hang: Lilense tse bonolo li tšoara tharollo ea alkaline khahlanong le cornea, ho lelefatsa ho chesa lik'hemik'hale. Hlatsoa menoana ea hau ka metsi a libotlolo pele, tlosa lilense tsa hau, 'me u li tlohele. - Molao oa 3, Metsotso e Tsoelang Pele e Metsotso e 10 ho isa ho e 15 kapa Nosetso ea Letsoai: Emisa hlooho ea hao ka mahlakoreng hore leihlo le lemetseng le shebane le tlase ho ea fatše (ho thibela metsi a silafetseng a hlatsoang hore a se ke a tšela borokho ba nko ea hau ho kena ka leihlong le leng). Tšoara lintši ka menoana e hloekileng 'me u tšele metsi a bonolo, a tsitsitseng a **metsi a hloekileng a nooang a libotlolo, hlatsoa mahlo a hloekisitsoeng, kapa 0.9% saline e tloaelehileng ** ka ho toba hukung e ka hare ea leihlo (haufi le nko), e tlohelle e hlatsoe ka ntle ho pholletsa le thaka ea leihlo ka bonyane metsotso e 10 ho isa ho e 15. Le ka mohla u se ke ua sebelisa marotholi a vasoconstrictor kapa ua leka ho fokotsa lerōle la alkaline ka li-acids. - Matšoao a Ocular ea Letšoao le Lefubelu le Hlokang Tlhahlobo ea Hang-hang ea Lefapha la Tšohanyetso: Batla tlhokomelo ea sepetlele hang hang bakeng sa pono e lerootho, pono e habeli (diplopia), kharetene e lefifi / moriti ho pholletsa le sebaka sa pono (retinal detachment), kapa mali a bonahalang a kopane sebakeng sa iris e mebala (hyphema). Haeba u belaela e phatlohileng kapa e kenelletseng ka leihlo (ka mohlala, haeba likhalase tsa mahlo li pshatlehile sefahlehong sa hao ha airbag e u otla), ** U SE KE UA phunya leihlo kapa ua kenya khatello leha e le efe leihlong **; kwahela leihlo ka bolokolohi ka kopi e thata kapa thebe mme o emetse baoki.

3. Asthma ea Airbag, Reactive Airway Bronchospasm, le Noxious Gas Inhalation

Ha airbag e tuka, moea oa kh'abin o fihla hanyane hanyane ka hanyane ho latela palo ea carbon monoxide (COnitric oxide (NOammonia),NH3), le moholi oa aerosol oa alkaline. Litekong tse laoloang tsa ho pepeseha ha batho, ** 15 ho ea ho karolo ea 30 lekholong ea batho ba nang le asthma e bonolo kapa e itekanetseng ba ile ba hlahisa bronchospasm e matla hang-hang, sefuba sa sefuba, ho khohlela, le ho theoha ho ka lekanyetsoang ha Volume ea ho Felloa ke Matla.FEV1)** ka mor'a ho hema ka har'a khabin ka mor'a ho kenngoa ha airbag. Etsa hore motho leha e le ofe ea khohlelang, ea hemang kapa a hema ka thata moeeng o hloekileng hang-hang, etsa hore a nke ** meea e 2 ea sefuba sa bona se sekhutšoanyane sa beta-agonist (albuterol / salbutamol)**, le ho laela baahi bohle hore ba ntše lerōle la choko, ba hlatsoe molomo oa bona ka metsi, ’me ba butsoe linko ka bonolo.

4. Airbag e Chesa Matsohong, Matsoho, Matsoho, le Sefubeng (Thermal vs. Friction vs. Chemical Burns)

Ho fihlela ho 7 ho isa ho 10 lekholong ea bakhanni le bapalami ba ka pele ** ba chesoa ke ho chesa ha airbag e kenngoa ka mekhoa e meraro e fapaneng: 1. Mocheso o Phahameng oa Mocheso oa Mocheso o Phahameng oa Mocheso (Matsoho le Liphatleng tse ka Hare): Mokotla o mong le o mong oa moea o na le masoba a mabeli a chitja a tsoang ka morao (lehlakoreng la kholomo) a mokotla o ntšang khase e chesang ea nitrogen (90 to 400 degrees Celsius ka nozzle) ha sefuba sa hao se hatella mokotla. Haeba matsoho a hau a ts'oara lebili la setere ho 10 and 2 o'clock kapa 12 o'clock (kapa u tšetse lebili ha u ntse u bilika), lintja tseo tse ka morao tsa mosi li phatlola khase e chesang haholo le nylon e qhibilihisitsoeng ka ho toba karolong e ka tlaase ea matsoho le matsoho a hau. 2. Mechanical Friction ("Rug Burn") Abrasion Burns (Chin, Molala, le Sefubeng): Ha lesela le mahoashe la nylon le buleha ka lebelo la 250 km/h (155 mph), le phunyeletsa selelu, molala o ka pele, kapa sefubeng se ka holimo, le kuta karolo e ka ntle ea epidermis (superficial partial-thickness friction burn). 3. Alkaline Chemical Dermatitis (Letlalo le Mofufutso + Lerōle la Airbag): Ha phofshoana e tsamaisang alkaline e oela liphatleng tse fufuleloang, mameno a molala, kapa ka tlas'a leqhama la oache kapa hempe, mongobo o qhibilihisa sodium/potassium hydroxide ebe o baka ho chesoa ha lik'hemik'hale tsa alkaline hoo ho mpefalang ho feta metsotso e 30 ho isa ho 1. - Thuso ea Pele Bakeng sa Mefuta e Meraro ea Ho Chesa: Hlatsoa le ho nosetsa ka botlalo ka metsi a phodileng a phallang le sesepa se bonolo bakeng sa metsotso e 10 ho isa ho e 15 kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang ho pholisa ho chesa ha mocheso le ho ntša phofshoana ea alkaline letlalong le hlabang. Tlosa li-rings, lioache le lihempe tse koahetsoeng ka phofo, 'me u koahele licheso tse bulehileng ka sekhahla se hloekileng, se omeletseng, se senang thupa sa gauze (le ka mohla u se ke ua sebelisa botoro, oli, kapa leqhoa).

Mokhahlelo oa 3: Acoustic Trauma (160 ho 178 dB Blast), Tinnitus, le Likotsi tse Patehileng tsa Airbag

Hobane mokotla oa moea o boloka hlooho le sefuba sa hau hore li se ke tsa pshatla fensetereng ea moea kapa kholomong e tsamaisang, e fetisetsa matla a maholo a kinetic ka milliseconds. Leha ho se na maqeba a bonahalang, shebisisa moahi e mong le e mong bakeng sa likotsi tsena tse hlano tse patiloeng tsa airbag:

Sehlopha sa Kotsi e Patiloeng Mechanism nakong ea ho tsamaisoa ha Airbag Matšoao a Tlhokomeliso (Hang-hang ho isa ho Lihora tse 24 Ka mor'a Kotsi) Ho Hlokahala Khato ea Bongaka
1. Acoustic Blast Trauma, Tinnitus le Eardrum Rupture Li-airbags tse peli tse ka pele le tse ka mahlakoreng tse thunyang ka har'a phaposi e koetsoeng li etsa hore ho be le maqhubu a phahameng a khatello a 160 ho isa ho 178 dB (e fetang molumo oa sethunya sa 12-gauge). Lerata ** ho lla, ho rora, kapa ho luma litsebeng (tinnitus)**, kutlo e sa hlakang (threshold shift), bohloko bo bohale ba tsebe, vertigo, kapa mokelikeli o hlakileng / o nang le mali ho tloha kanaleng ea tsebe. Senya metsi ka har'a kanale ea tsebe. Batla **tlhahlobo e potlakileng ea ENT / audiological ka hare ho lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 72 **; pele molomo kapa intratympanic corticosteroids haholo ntlafatsa ho utloa ho hlaphoheloa.
2. Lefu la pelo le ho robeha ha pelo Haeba mokhanni a ne a palama mariki a thata kapa a lutse haufi le 25 cm (10 in) ho lebidi la setereng, mokotla o inflating o otla sternum pele o fihla cushion inflation. Ho opa ho tebileng kapa ho hlaba bohloko bo bohareng ba sefuba bo mpefalang ka ho phefumoloha haholo, matetetso ho pholletsa le lesapo la sefuba, ho otla ha pelo, ho otla ha pelo ka potlako, kapa hlooho e bobebe. Eya Lefapheng la Tšohanyetso ka ambulense. E hloka 12-lead ECG le high-sensitivity cardiac troponin blood test ho laola contusion ea myocardial kapa fracture ea sternal.
**3. Sehatsetsi sa Frame ea Eyeglass & Khohlano ea Ocular ** Mokotla o ntseng o hola o otla likhalase tsa mahlo kapa likhalase tsa letsatsi, o tsamaisa masela a nko kapa lense e pshatlehileng ka har'a orbit kapa ho baka pherekano e mpe ea lefats'e (hyphema kapa lekhalo la retina). Ho tsoa mali ka borokhong ba mahlo / nko, mali a bonahala ka har'a kamore e ka pele ea leihlo, liphaphatha, mabone a benyang, kapa pono e koahetsoeng ke maru. **Sireletsa leihlo ntle le ho sebelisa khatello ** (tenya kopi ea pampiri holim'a lesapo la orbital) 'me u fumane tlhahlobo ea hang-hang ea lebone la ophthalmology.
4. Cervical Spine Whiplash & Hyperextension Ka bakhanni ba boemo bo bokhutšoane ba lutseng haufi le lebili, kapa batho ba sa phutholohang ba thellang ho ea pele, mokotla o ntseng o atolosoa o ea holimo o tšoara selelu 'me o phahamisa molala. Ho satalla ha molala, bohloko bo hlabang mahetleng, ho tsieleha/ho tsikinyeha menoaneng (paresthesia), kapa hlooho e opang botlaaseng ba lehata. ** thibela molala sebakeng se sa nke lehlakore ** haeba leha e le efe e bonolo ea mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo kapa ho tsikinyeha ho teng; emela hore ba fanang ka thuso ea bongaka maemong a tšohanyetso ba kenye molaleng oa popelo.
5. Molao oa ho phatloha ha placenta ea bakhachane Esita le ha mokotla oa moea le lebanta la 3-point li sireletsa mokhanni oa moimana, matla a ho fokotseha ka potlako a ka kuta placenta leboteng la uterine. Bohloko ba ka mpeng, ho honyela ha popelo, ho tsoa mali ka botšehaling kapa ho lutla ha mokelikeli, kapa ** bohloko bo fokolang qalong** (ho phatloha ho ka khutsa ka lihora tse ngata). Mokhachane e mong le e mong ea neng a le moimana libekeng tse 20 tsa boimana ka mor'a hore mokotla oa moea o romelloe O TLAMEHA ho feta lihora tse 4 ho isa ho tse 6 ho hlahlojoa ka mokhoa oa elektroniki oa fetal heart monitoring sepetlele.

Mokhahlelo oa 4: Ho Sireletsa Bapholosi le Bapalami ho Limojule tsa SRS tse sa Felisoang (The "10-5-20 Rule").

Haeba u thusa mopalami ea lemetseng ka koloing e soahlamaneng kapa u emetse lefapha la litima-mollo, **mekotla ea moea e sa sebelisoang ke litefiso tsa pyrotechnic tse patiloeng ka mor'a polasetiki ea polasetiki **. - Moo li-airbags tse sa sebelisoang li ipatileng: Batla SRS, AIRBAG, kapa SIDE CURTAIN AIRBAG e hatisitsoeng holim'a hub ea lebili la setereng, dashboard ea bapalami, A-pillar, B-pillar, le C-pillar marulelo a trim (ka holim'a lifensetere tse mahlakoreng), moroko oa mahlakoreng a ka ntle a litulo **, le **kalas'a kholomo ea setere (li-airbags tsa lengole). - **Latela Setimamollo "10-5-20 Clearance le": Boloka bonyane **13 centeters (5 inches) ho tsoa ho eng kapa eng e sa sebelisoang **Selo sa Side-Impact kapa Roof-Curtain Airbag, **25 centimeters (10 incs) ho tsoa ho Airbag ** K'haa ea sefofane kapa K'homphieutha le *50 centimeters (20 inches)** hotloha ho Front Passenger Dashboard Airbag* e sa sebelisoang. - **Le ka mohla u se ke ua beha lijase, lipeche, lisebelisoa tsa thuso ea pele, kapa matsoho a hao mose ho dashboard ea bapalami kapa lebili la setereng ha u ntse u hlokometse tho ea hlokofalitsoeng ka koloing; haeba sethala se setseng sa airbag se tuka, eng kapa eng e lutseng sekoahelong e fetoha projectile ea 300 km/h (186 mph). - Ho tlosa sisteme ea SRS:** Haeba hood e buleha habonolo 'mho se kotsi ea mollo kapa ea matla a phahameng a EV, ho hakolla Negative (-, Black) thapo ea betri ea 12-volt e tlosa matla a mantlha komporong ea SRS. Leha ho le joalo, mojule o mong le o mong oa taolo oa SRS o na le kahare ** li-capacitor tsa bekapo tse bolokang tefiso ea ho thunya metsotsoana e 90 ho isa metsotsong e 10 KA MOR'A hore betri e khaotsoe **, kahoo kamehla boloka sebaka sa tumello sa 10-5-20.

Mokhahlelo oa 5: Tšireletseho ea Likoloi ka Mora ho Kotsi, Melao ea Tahlehelo ea Inshorense ka Kakaretso, le Litemoso tsa Boqhetseke ba Airbag

Hang ha motho e mong le e mong a bolokehile 'me koloi e hutsoe, melao e meraro ea mochini le ea lichelete e sebetsa koloing efe kapa efe e nang le li-airbags tse kentsoeng:

  1. Hobaneng ho tsamaisoa ha Airbag hangata ho Etsang Inshorense "Tahlehelo e Felletseng": Ka lintlha tsa polokeho ea OEM, phepelo ea mokotla oa moea o hloka hore ho nkeloe sebaka sa mojule o mong le o mong oa mokotla oa moea ($ 1,000 ho isa ho $2,500 ka ngoe), letlalo la dashboard le tabohileng kapa hlooho ea hlooho, pyrotechnic seatbelt e otlolla li-pretensioners tsa pyrotechnic*ACM) le li-sensor tsa impact , lithapo tse qhibilihisitsoeng tsa clockspring, le Pyrotechnic Battery Disconnect ()Pyro-Fuse). Hobane ho tsosolosoa ha SRS feela ho bitsa ** $ 4,000 ho $ 9,000 + pele ho mosebetsi oa 'mele, li-insurers li phatlalatsa likoloi tse ngata ho feta lilemo tse 5 ho isa ho tse 8 tahlehelo e feletseng ha mekotla e mengata ea moea e sebelisoa.
  2. ** LE KA mohla U se Khanna Koloi ka Cut Airbags kapa Locked Seatbelt Pretensioners:** Ka mor'a hore airbag e sebelisoe, pyrotechnic seatbelt pretensioners e notlela ruri. Ho khanna ka mokotla oa moea o sehiloeng le li-pretensioner tse notletsoeng ho u siea u e-na le zero functional lebalt kapa airbag protection 'me ha ho molaong litseleng tsa sechaba.
  3. Hlokomela Li-airbags tsa Poloko ea maiketsetso tse Bolaeang: NHTSA le mapolesa a machaba a lemosa khahlanong le "likotla tsa moea tse ncha" tse rekisoang inthaneteng **$100 ho isa ho $300. Liteko li bonts'a mekotla ea moea ea maiketsetso e hloleha ho kenya kapa ho phatloha joalo ka liqhomane tse qhetsohang, tse thunyetsang litšepe sefahlehong sa mokhanni. Haeba koloi ea hau e lokisitsoe, batla li-invoice tsa barekisi ba OEM bakeng sa mekotla ea moea e ncha, e tsamaellanang le VIN le pretensioners.

Tip

Hammoho le ho boloka botlolo e nyane ea ho hlatsoa mahlo ka letsoai le sekheo sa lebanta la setulo / sekhechana sa lifensetere sebakeng se ka fihlang setulong sa mokhanni, nahana ka ho nka thupelo ea Thuso ea Pele le CPR ka Red Cross kapa St John Ambulance e le hore u tsebe ho laola ts'oaetso ea morao-rao, likotsi tsa mahlo, le maemo a tšohanyetso a sefofane ka katleho.

Lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa

Na mosi o mosoeu ka har'a koloi ka mor'a ho oa ho bolela hore koloi e haufi le ho chesa kapa ho phatloha?

Hoo e batlang e le likhohlano tsohle moo li-airbags li tsamaisoang teng, leru le lesoeu kapa le bobebe le boputsoa le tlatsang ntlo ha se mosi oa mollo; ke cornstarch kapa talcum powder (e sebedisoang ho tlotsa lesela le mennweng la nylon airbag) le kopantsoeng le khase ea naetrojene le ho sala lerōle la pyrotechnic. Mosi oa koloi oa 'nete o mosehla kapa o motšo, o monko o matla oa rabara e tukang, polasetiki e qhibilihisitsoeng, kapa peterole e tala, 'me o tsoela pele ho fofa ho feta ka tlas'a sekoahelo ho e-na le ho kokobela ka mor'a metsotsoana e 60. Bulela mabone a kotsi, theola lifensetere tsa hau ho tlosa lerole, 'me u hlahlobe litselana tse tlang pele u tsoa ka koloing e le hore u se ke ua hata tseleng ea koloi e lebelo.

Ke hobane'ng ha mahlo a ka le liphatla tsa ka li tuka ka mor'a hore airbag ea koloi ea ka e tsamaee?

Ha pyrotechnic airbag inflator e tuka ho hlahisa khase ea naetrojene, ho lata palo ea sodium hydroxide le potassium carbonate li tsoa ka masoba a ka morao a airbag haufi le cornstarch kapa talcum powder. Ha phofo ena e ntle e oela mongobo oa mahlo a hao kapa e tsoakana le mofufutso matsohong le molaleng oa hao, e etsa motsoako oa alkaline o bakang ho halefisoa ke lik'hemik'hale kapa ho chesoa ke lik'hemik'hale tse ka holimo. Ho phaella moo, khase e chesang e kenang ka morao ho mokotla le lesela la nylon le sarolohang hangata li etsa hore ho chese mocheso le likhohlano liatleng, liphatleng le selelung. Le ka mohla u se ke ua itlotsa mahlo; tlosa lilense tsa ho kopana, hlatsoa mahlo a hao khafetsa ka metsi a hloekileng a libotlolong kapa letsoai le hloekileng metsotso e 10 ho isa ho e 15, 'me u hlatsoe letlalo le pepenene ka sesepa le metsi a pholileng.

Ke hobane'ng ha koloi ea ka e sa qale kapa e sa tsamaee ho hang ka mor'a hore mekotla ea moea e kenngoe kotsing e nyane?

Hoo e ka bang likoloi tsohle tsa sejoale-joale tsa peterole, diesel, hybrid, le motlakase li na le Pyrotechnic Battery Disconnect (Pyro-Fuse) le "automatically-pump cutoff" e hlahisoang ke module ea taolo ea airbag. Boemong ba millisecond ha li-airbags li kenngoa, squib e nyenyane e khaola thapo ea matla a boima e lebisang mochineng o qalang le alternator ebe e koala pompo ea mafura e le hore lithapo tse pshatlehileng kapa lithapo tsa mafura tse robehileng li se ke tsa rotetsa mollo o ka tlaase. Potoloho e arohaneng ea boemo bo tlase e boloka mabone a kotsi a 4-way, lifensetere tsa motlakase, mabone a ka hare, le mohala oa tšohanyetso oa SOS o sebetsa, empa koloi e ke ke ea qala hape ho fihlela terminal ea betri ea pyrotechnic le komporo ea crash e nkeloa sebaka.

Na ke lokela ho ea sepetlele kapa ngakeng ea litsebe haeba litsebe tsa ka li lla haholo ka mor'a ho romelloa ha mokotla oa moea?

Ee. Ha mekotlana ea moea e ka pele le e ka mahlakoreng e phatloha ka nako e le 'ngoe ka har'a phaposi e kentsoeng, e hlahisa leqhubu la acoustic impulse wave pakeng tsa 160 le 178 decibel. Leqhubu lena le ka bakang tahlehelo ea kutlo ea nakoana kapa ea ka ho sa feleng, ho lla ho sa khaotseng litsebeng (tinnitus), vertigo, kapa eardrum e nang le perforated. Haeba kutlo ea hau e sa utloahaleng kapa litsebe tsa hau li lla ka mor'a kotsi, bona ngaka ea tsebe, nko le 'metso (ENT) kapa ngaka ea tšohanyetso nakong ea lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 72, kaha phekolo ea pele ea corticosteroid ka mor'a acute acoustic blast trauma e ntlafatsa ho hlaphoheloa ha lisele tsa moriri oa tsebe.

Mehloli e hlahlobiloe

  • National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) (United States): Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deployment Mechanics, First Responder Extrication Guidelines ("10-5-20 Rule"), le Counterfeit Airbag Advisories.
  • Litsi tsa Taolo le Thibelo ea Mafu (CDC) & NIOSH (United States): Sodium Azide le Alkaline Particulate Exposure Profiles in Automotive Airbag Deployments.
  • American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO): Taolo ea Airbag-Induced Alkaline Chemical Keratitis, Corneal Abrasion, le Traumatic Hyphema.
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) (United States): Tlhaloso Nakong ea Litaelo tsa Bokhachane: Cardiotocographic Fetal Monitoring After Airbag Deployment.

Litataiso tse amanang