Ho phatloha ha Sunroof, Highway Rock Strike, le Fensetere ea Tšohanyetso ea ho thibela boemo ba leholimo¶

Ho khanna ka lebelo la lik'hilomithara tse 110 ka hora (lik'hilomithara tse 70 ka hora) ha khalase ea hau e ka holimo ea khalase e phatlohile ka tšohanyetso ke ho phatloha ho thibang litsebe ha sethunya, kapa ha konkreite e boholo ba feisi e rahoa ke teraka ea ho lahlela ka holim'a fenstere ea hau e ka pele, e baka lets'oao le ts'oenyehang selemo se seng le se seng se bakang likotsi tsa likotsi tse kholo selemo se seng le se seng. Hobane lifensetere tse mahlakoreng, lifensetere tse ka morao, le marulelo a mangata a letsatsi a entsoe ka **galase e sireletsang mocheso ** e ts'oaroang tlas'a khatello e matla ea kahare le khatello ea maikutlo, ho kenyelletsoa ha microscopic nickel sulfide (\(NiS\)) ka har'a khalase kapa lejoe le lenyenyane la lejoe pheletsong le ka etsa hore phanele eohle e pshatlehe mokhanni ka mokhoa o makatsang, ha mokhanni a soahlamana ka boomo. Leholiotsoana le purumang 110-km/h la moea le phatloha ka har'a ntlo.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, fenstere ea hau e ka pele e entsoe ka ** khalase e sireletsehileng ea laminated ** (maqephe a mabeli a likhalase tse koaletsoeng tse tlanngoeng ho pota-pota lesela le thata la ka hare la ** polyvinyl butyral / PVB polasetiki ea filimi **) e entsoeng ka ho khetheha ho tšoara majoe le lithōle tsa litsela joaloka baseball mitt ntle le ho li lumella hore li kene ka kamoreng, leha ho na le lehare le phunyeletsang ka ho toba, lehare le phunyeletse ka ho toba, hodima dashboard le mahlong a mokganni. Tataiso ena e hlalosa mokhoa oa ho boloka taolo ea tsela nakong ea ho phatloha ha likhalase ka tšohanyetso, ho tseba joang haeba lebone la moea le petsohileng le ntse le bolokehile hore le ka khanna hae, mokhoa oa ho tlosa lerōle le sa bonahaleng la khalase mahlong le litulo tsa koloi ea bana, le mokhoa oa ho haha ​​​​seal ea nakoana ea lifensetere tsa polasetiki e ke keng ea balune, ea tabola kapa ea senya pente ea koloi ea hau.

Etsa sena hona joale¶

1. O se ke oa kheloha kapa oa otla mariki ha marulelo a letsatsi kapa fensetere e phatloha ka lebelo la 'mila o moholo. Ho phatloha ha sethunya hoo e ka bang kamehla ke ho robeha ha khalase kapa lejoe le lenyenyane la 'mila, eseng ho phatloha ha thaere kapa sethunya. Boloka matsoho ka bobeli a tsitsitse lebiling la setereng ka hora ea 9 le ea 3, sheba ka ho otloloha ho theosa le tsela ea hau (ho nyarela ka har'a halofo ea fensetere ea fenstere kapa seipone se ka lehlakoreng haeba lehlakore la mokhanni le ts'oeroe ke sekho), theola accelerator, butle-butle li-hazard tsa hao tse 4, 'me u hule hantle lehetleng le katiloeng.
2. Koala moriti oa lesela le ka hare hang-hang haeba marulelo a letsatsi a pshatleha ka holimo. Haeba marulelo a hao a na le moriti o sa ntseng o butsoe, o thelle kapa o o hatelle o koetsoeng hang-hang (ntle le ho sheba ka khalase e oelang) e le hore terei ea lesela e tšoare likotoana tse setseng tsa khalase tse sa tsoakoang pele pula e oela ka morao ho bana.
3. O SE KE UA phunya mahlo a hao haeba o utloa o tsikinyehile ka mor'a ho otla ka fensetere ea rock, 'me U SE KE U KA bulela dashboard defroster blower. Ha lejoe le otla bokantle ba lebone le ka pele la laminated, shockwave flakes microscopic, tse hlabang ka nale** ho tloha *kahare ho letlapa la khalase le holim'a letlapa. Ho bulela fene e fehlang fene ea lifensetere ho fefolela lerole lena la khalase ka kotloloho mahlong a hau. Haeba lerole la khalase le kena ka leihlong, tšoara leihlo le butse 'me u le tšollele butle ka metsi a libotlolong kapa saline (bona tlhokomelo ya ntho tsa kantle ho naha).
4. Haeba motho a lemetse ka ho phunyeletsa lithōle tsa litsela kapa likhalase tse phunyeletsoeng, letsetsa litšebeletso tsa tšohanyetso hang-hang. Letsetsa nomoro ea hau ea tšohanyetso ea sebakeng sa heno (911 United States le Canada, 112 ho pholletsa le European Union, 999 United Kingdom) kapa sheba rona dinomoro tsa tshohanyetso directory.
5. klzzwxh:0024 Le ka mohla u se ke ua khomarela teipi e puts ea silevera ka liforeimi ka ho toba liforeiming tsa tšepe tse pentiloeng tsa koloi ea hau (sekhomaretsi se hlakileng sa rabara se chesa pente letsatsing). Sebelisa theipi ea setaki se putsoa joalo ka moeli oa motheo penteng, ebe teipi e boima 3-mil ho 6-mil hlakola polyethylene sheeting kapa mekotla ea lithōle tsa kontraka ka holim'a teipi ea moetsi oa litšoantšo.

Highway glass shatter and weatherproofing sefate sa liqeto¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Glass Shatters kapa Rock Strikes Vehicle ka lebelo"] --> Hold["Tšoara Lebili la Tsamaiso ka ho Otloloha; SE KE UA Swerve kapa Slam Brakes; Pontšo ho Mahetla a Katiloeng"]
    Hold --> WhichGlass{"Ke Panel efe ea Khalase e Senyehileng?"}
    WhichGlass -->|"Panoramic Sunroof / Moonroof E phatloha"| Shade["Koala Sunshade ka Hare Hare Hang-hang ho Tšoara Li-Cubes tsa Glass tse Oeleng; U se ke Ua Bula Sunroof Motor"]
    Shade --> RoofSeal["Hlakola Khalase e hlephileng; Theipi e Boima ea Plastiki ka holim'a Pulo ea Marulelo e Sebelisa Motheo oa Theipi ea Motaki + Tape ea Sekepe"]
    WhichGlass -->|"Ka pele Laminated Windshield Hit by Rock"| Penetrate{"Na Object Punch Ka PVB Inner Plastic Layer?"}
    Penetrate -->|"Che (Outer Star / Spiderweb Crack Feela)"| Spall["U SE KE UA bulela Fan ea Defroster; Sheba Haeba Mohala oa Mokhanni oa Sight o Hlakile"]
    Spall --> ClearSight{"Na Mokhanni a ka Bona Tsela Hantle?"}
    ClearSight -->|"Ee"| DriveCareful["Sebelisa Theipi e Hlakileng ea Ho Paka ka Kantle ho Chip ho thibela litšila; Khanna Butle ho ea Lebenkeleng la Likhalase"]
    ClearSight -->|"Che (Opaque White Spiderweb Blocking View)"| NoDrive["SE KE UA Khanna Foufetseng; Call Tow Truck (Le ka mohla u se ke ua Punch Out Laminated Structural Windshield)"]
    Penetrate -->|"Ee (Lesoba le phunyeletsoa ka har'a ntlwana)"| FirstAid["Tšoara Likotsi tsa Mahlo / Sefahleho; Koahela Dashboard Spall le Wet Towel; Letsetsa Tow Truck"]
    WhichGlass -->|"Fesetere ea Monyako oa Mahlakoreng kapa Khalase e ka Morao e Senyehile"| KnockOut["Apara liatlana; Kotola Khalase e Halefileng ka ntle ho Monyako oa Frame ea Window"]
    KnockOut --> DoubleSeal["Sebelisa Moeli oa Theipi ea Motaki holim'a Pente; Otlolla Polasetiki e Boima ka Thata Ka Hare LE Ka Ntle Frame"]

Hobaneng ha marulelo a panoramic a phatloha ka tšohanyetso (le hore na hobaneng e utloahala eka ke sethunya)¶

Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Transport Canada, le Automobile Testing and Research Institute ea Korea li entse lipatlisiso ka likete tsa liketsahalo tseo ho tsona marulelo a mahlaseli a letsatsi le liphanele tse kholo tse nang le marulelo a tletseng li ile tsa pshatleha ka matla tseleng e kholo 'me tsa senyeheloa ke lejoe lefe kapa lefe.

1. Fisiks ea khalase e futhumetseng le Nickel Sulfide ($ NiS $) inclusions¶

Ho fapana le khalase e tloaelehileng ea fensetere, galase e futhumetseng ea koloi e futhumatsoa ho feta likhato tse 620 tsa Celsius (1,150 degrees Fahrenheit) ebe e phatlotsoa ka lijethi tsa moea o batang (ho tima). Pholiso ena e potlakileng ea holim'a metsi e homisa bokantle ba khalase ka holimo ** compression ** ha e ntse e notlela bokahare ba khalase ka nako e telele, e nang le matla a phahameng ** tsitsipano ** (ho fihla ho 69 megapascals / 10,000 psi).

• Hobaneng ha khalase e halefileng e phatloha ka ho phatloha ho hoholo: Hobane bokahare bo ka hare bo hulanya letlalong le ka ntle joalo ka rabara e otlolohileng, hang ha ho phunyeha ho hoholo ho kenella ka milimithara e le 'ngoe letlalong le ka ntle le kenang bohareng ba tsitsipano, matla 'ohle a bolokoa a tsoang ho **1,500 metres ka motsotsoana (3,350 miles ka hora)*. Letlapa lohle la khalase le robeha ka nako e le 'ngoe ho ba li-cubes tse bohlasoa tsa limilimithara tse 5, le hlahisa leqhubu le matla la acoustic ka har'a kh'abin ea koloi e koetsoeng e utloahala e ts'oana le sethunya sa 12-gauge se thunyang ka holim'a hlooho ea hau.
• Litlhahiso tse tharo tsa ho phatloha ha marulelo a letsatsi:
• Majoe a Microscopic Nickel Sulfide (\(NiS\)): Nakong ea tlhahiso ea likhalase, likaroloana tse nyane tsa nickel sulfide li ka lula li qabeletsoe ka har'a sebaka se bohareng sa tsitsipano. Ho feta likhoeli kapa lilemo tsa potoloho ea mocheso oa letsatsi le mocheso oa mariha oa mariha, kristale ea $ NiS $ e fetoha butle-butle ho tloha ka mokhoa oa eona oa mocheso o phahameng oa alpha ($\alpha \() ho ea ho mofuta oa eona oa mocheso o tlaase oa beta (\)\beta $), **ka ho atolosa molumo ka karolo ea 2 ho ea ho 4 lekholong ** joalo ka lesela la microscopic ho fihlela le arola lera la tsitsipano.
• Chassis torsional flexible holim'a maqhubu a litsela tse kholo: Marulelo a sejoale-joale a marang-rang a nkela liqha tsa marulelo a tšepe sebaka ka lilakane tsa khalase tse kobehileng ho tloha hloohong e ka pele ea fenstere ho ea mokokotlong o ka morao. Ha koloi e otla sekoti se nang le mahlakore a mabeli kapa borokho bo atolositsoeng ka lebelo la tsela e kholo ha moea o fokang moea o batang ka hare 'me letsatsi la 60-degree-Fahrenheit (140-degree-Fahrenheit) le chesa khalase e ntšo ka ntle, ho sotheha ha foreime ea marulelo a bonngoeng ho sutumelletsa khatello e matla holim'a monyako oa ho robeha.
• Ho lieha ho hola ha lejoe la lejoe la tsela e kholo: Lejoana le koaletsoeng le otlang karolo e ka pele e ka pele ea marulelo a khalase e se nang foreimi e siea sekoti sa 0.5-millimeter se holang ka mokhoa o sa bonahaleng ho fihlela mocheso oa mocheso (joalo ka ho khanna pula ea sefefo se batang kapa ho hlatsoa makoloi ka letsatsi le chesang) ho baka ho hloleha ho felletseng.

2. Liketso tsa hang-hang ha marulelo a letsatsi a phatloha ka holimo¶

1. Boloka moriti o ka hare oa letsatsi o Tletsoe: Haeba lesela la hao le thellang kapa moriti oa letsatsi o koetsoeng ha khalase e phatloha, e tlohele e koetsoe. Hajoale e tšoere lik'hilograma tse 5 ho isa ho tse 10 (liponto tse 11 ho isa ho tse 22) tsa likhalase tse pshatlehileng ka holim'a hlooho ea hau. Haeba e ne e bulehile, e koale hang-hang ka letsoho le le leng hang ha lebelo la hao le laoloa, ha u ntse u boloka mahlo a hao a le pele le molomo o koetsoe.
2. Le ka mohla u se ke ua tobetsa switch ea "Open / Tilt" ea letsatsi: Ho kenya enjene ea motlakase ea letsatsi ha phanele ea khalase e pshatleha, e lahlela likotoana tse likete tsa khalase tse matsutla ka kotloloho holim'a lipina tsa marulelo a ka holimo, likhoele tsa nayilone le liphaephe tsa metsi. Hang ha likhalase li na le jeme ka har'a liporo tse tataisang marulelong a letsatsi, mosebetsi oa likhalase tse ncha oa $500 o fetoha $3,500 e felletseng ea khase ea marulelo e ruruhileng.
3. Boloka bopaki ba tiisetso kapa tšireletso ea inshorense: Pele u fiela likhalase tse setseng tsa pherimithara haufi le foreimi ea marulelo, nka linepe tse 3 kapa tse 4 tse haufi tsa smartphone tsa marulelo a pshatlehileng ka ntle a shebile fatše. Haeba likhalase tse robehileng tse setseng li itšoarelelitse foreimi ** e kobehile/e iname ho ea holimo** joalo ka seretse sa seretse se chesang, e bontša hore khalase e phatlohile ka ntle ho tsoa ho khatello ea moea le khatello ea ka hare ho e-na le ho otloa ke lejoe holimo.

Li-windshields tse ka pele tsa laminated vs. lehlakoreng le ka morao / khalase e ka morao: melao ea polokeho le ea ho khanna¶

Ho etsa qeto e nepahetseng ka thoko ho tsela ka mor'a hore ho be le seteraeke sa majoe kapa ho senngoa ha thepa, u tlameha ho khetholla pakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli ea likhalase tsa polokeho ea likoloi tse hlokoang ke FMVSS 205 (United States) le UNECE Regulation No. 43 (Europe/Global) (bona hape sefefo sa moea se robehile kapa hood e fofa ka lebelo la tsela e kholo):

Ho silafatsa ntlo: ho tlosa lerōle le sa bonahaleng la khalase ("spall") mahlong, letlalong le litulong tsa koloi.¶

Ka mor'a ho phatloha ha marulelo a letsatsi kapa ho ba le tšusumetso e matla ea lejoe leboteng le ka pele la moea, kotsi e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea bongaka ka har'a koloi hase li-cubes tse khōlō tsa khalase tsa 5-millimeter holim'a matati a fatše; ke **spall ea khalase e sa bonahaleng le linale tsa silica ** e koahelang dashboard, lebili la setereng, liphaephe tsa moea, le litulo tsa koloi tsa bana.

Mohato oa 1: Protocol ea tšireletso ea mahlo le letlalo¶

1. KUSOLA FVAC / Defroster fan: Haeba lefika le otla fensetere e ka pele ea moea ka botebo hoo le ka senyang khalase e ka hare ea khalase, li-flakes tse likete tse sa bonahaleng li oetse ka kotloloho mekoting e shebileng hodimo e lebileng hodimo ya leqhubu. Ho bulela defroster ho foka leru la linale tsa khalase ka kotloloho boemong ba sefahleho. Tlohela sefuthoana sa HVAC se TIMA ho fihlela u hlakotse masoba a dash ka vac ea lebenkele.
2. Haeba lerōle la khalase kapa lesela la khalase le kena ka leihlong:
3. Le ka mohla u se ke ua itlotsa leihlo: Ho hohla ho sila kristale e bohale ea silica ho pholletsa le cornea joalo ka sandpaper, ho baka makhopho a tebileng a cornea.
4. Hula leihlo le ka holimo le tlase holim'a lithapo tse ka tlase nakoana ho tlohella meokho ea tlhaho hore e hlatsoe karolo e hlephileng, kapa nosetsa ka bonolo ho tloha borokhong ba nko ho ea kantle u sebelisa saline e sa hloekang kapa metsi a nooang a libotlolo (bona tlhokomelo ya ntho tsa kantle ho naha).
5. Haeba motho a ntse a utloa "ho ngoapa ka tlas'a sekoaelo se ka holimo" nako le nako ha a panya ka mor'a ho khoahlapisa, koala mahlo a ka bobeli habobebe (hobane mahlo ka bobeli a tsamaea 'moho a shebile) 'me u re motho e mong a mo ise ngakeng ea mahlo kapa tleliniking ea tlhokomelo e potlakileng bakeng sa ho tlosoa ha lebone.
6. Ho ntša litšepe tsa khalase tse sa bonahaleng matsohong le letlalong ka ho sebelisa theipi:
7. Se ke oa hlakola phofshoana ea khalase matsohong, liropeng, kapa litulong tsa letlalo ka liatla tsa hau tse se nang letho (tse kenyang makholo a liphahlo tse nyane letlalong la hau).
8. Ho e-na le hoo, thatela lesela la teipi e pakelang e khomarelang, teipi e tlamang, kapa lint roller e khomarelang lehlakoreng-ho pota-pota letsohong la hao 'me u upate (phaphatha) letlalo la hao, liaparo le lebili la ho khanna khafetsa. Sekhomaretsi se phahamisa linale tse sa bonahaleng tsa khalase ntle le ho li sutumelletsa ka har'a li-pores tsa hau.

Mohato oa 2: Molao oa ho silafatsa likhalase tsa setulo sa koloi sa ngoana¶

Haeba marulelo a futhumetseng a letsatsi, fensetere e ka morao, kapa fensetere e ka thōko e pshatleha holim'a setulo sa koloi sa lesea kapa se fetolehang:

• Hobaneng ho hloekisa ha bonolo ho sa lekana bakeng sa litulo tsa koloi ea masela: Khalase e futhumetseng ha e pshatlehe feela ka li-cubes tse limilimithara tse 5, empa e boetse e ntša likete tsa likhalase tsa khalase tse 0.5-millimeter tse kenang botebong ba lesela le lohiloeng la polyester, meketjana ea buckle crotch slots, le likhoele tse lokisang litulo tsa koloi ea ngoana. Libeke tse 'maloa ka mor'a hore motsoali a nahane hore o hloekisitse setulo se hloekile, lesea le fetola mechine ea lona ea boima e patehileng linale tsa khalase ka har'a lesela ka mokokotlong kapa maotong.
• Khato e hang-hang e ka thōko ho tsela: Tlosa ngoana setulong sa koloi ka hloko, hlobola baki/liaparo tsa ngoana ka ntle ebe u li hlohlora hantle ka ntle ho koloi, ’me u hlahlobe letlalo la hlooho ea ngoana, litsebe, mameno a molala le khafe ea leleire bakeng sa likotoana tsa khalase.
• Ho hloekisa kapa ho nkela inshorense sebaka: Tlosa ka ho feletseng sekoaelo sa lesela ho khetla ea setulo sa koloi sa polasetiki ka ntle, u se tsokotse, hlakola sekoti se seng le se seng le sekoti sa marapo ka sesebelisoa sa ho phunyeletsa, 'me u sebelise rolara e khomarelang holim'a lisenthimithara tsohle tsa lesela le likhoele. Hlokomela hore maano a mangata a maholo a inshorense a tla ** buseletsa liperesente tse 100 tsa litšenyehelo tsa setulo se secha sa koloi sa ngoana ** ka mor'a ho thulana ha khalase kapa ho phatloha ha marulelo a letsatsi haeba likhechana tsa khalase li silafalitse foam e thibelang.

Tataiso ea mohato ka mohato: ho aha fesetere ea nakoana e thibelang tsela e kholo kapa tiiso ea sunroof¶

Bongata ba bakhanni ba theipiang mokotla oa lithōle kapa sekotoana sa karete holim'a fensetere ea koloi e robehileng ba etsa phoso: ka hare ho lik'hilomithara tse 3 (2 miles) tseleng e kholo, moea oa Bernoulli low-pressure suction effect oa 100-km/h (62-mph) o hahola mokotla, o o otla joalo ka sethunya sa mochini khahlano le mahlaku, sekhomaretsi se lutlang ka har'a mamati, sekhomaretsi se lutlang lemating. e senya pente ea koloi e hloekileng. Latela mokhoa ona oa setsebi oa ho etsa likhalase tsa koloi ho haha ​​setiiso sa nakoana se khutsitseng, se sa keneleng metsi, se sireletsehileng sa pente:

Mohato oa 1: Hlakola foreimi ea fensetere 'me u sireletse lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa mamati¶

1. Apara liatlana tsa mosebetsi 'me u ntše likhalase tse leketlileng: Haeba fensetere e lehlakoreng e pshatlehile, sebelisa letsoho le nang le liatlana, makasine e phuthoang, kapa serethe sa seeta ho sutumelletsa litharo-tharo tse setseng tsa khalase e matsutla haufi le fensetere ea rabara ka ntle holim'a thaole kapa moo ho pakoang makoloi, ebe u li fiela hore li se ke tsa phunya lithaere.
2. ** LE KA mohla u se ke ua thetsa switjha ea fenstere ea motlakase bakeng sa lemati leo:** Se ke oa hatella switjha ea fenstere ea motlakase holimo kapa tlase. Lithako tse ngata tsa likhalase li se li oele ka har'a sekotjana sa ho bopa lebanta la rabara karolong e ka tlase ea lemati, moo li lutseng hantle ka har'a sekere se tlositsoeng ** lifensetere tsa sekere se laolang le lithapo tsa likhoele tsa nylon **. Ho tsamaisa mochini oa fenstere oa motlakase ho sila li-cubes tseo tsa khalase ka har'a lithapo tsa thapo tsa polasetiki ebe o khabola thapo e laolang lifensetere hang-hang.

Mohato oa 2: Khetha thepa e nepahetseng ea thibelo (Hobaneng khateboto e hloleha pula)¶

• Khetho e ntle #1 (Professional Crash Wrap / Collision Film): Mabenkele a 'mele, literaka tse hulang, le mabenkele a khalase a na le meqolo ea 3-mil kapa 4-mil sekhomaretsi ** sephutheloana se hlakileng sa ho thulana ka polasetiki **. E khomarela ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng likhalaseng le tšepe ntle le pente e senyang 'me e otlolla ka thata moqomo.
• Khetho e ntle #2 (E boima 3-mil ho 6-mil Hlakola Lesela la Polyethylene Drop kapa Mokotla oa Lithōle oa Konteraka): E fumaneha lebenkeleng lefe kapa lefe la hardware, Wal-Mart, kapa setsing sa lehae. Plastiki e hlakileng e bolokehile ho feta e ntšo fensetereng e ka lehlakoreng hobane e boloka ponahalo ea hau ea mahlo ha u fetola litsela.
• Qoba khateboto haeba ho lebeletsoe hore ho na le pula kapa ho khanna tseleng e kholo: Lesenke le thiba mahlo a hao ka ho feletseng 'me le fetohe mohatla o soahlamaneng o oelang ka hare ka mor'a metsotso e 10 ea pula ea litsela. Sebelisa khateboto feela e le tšireletso ea tšireletso ea ho paka bosiu ha ho omme.

Mohato oa 3: Mokhoa oa Tšireletso oa Pente oa Litheipi tse peli (Tape ea Motaki + Tape ea Sekepe)¶

*Le ka mohla u se ke ua sebelisa teipi e tloaelehileng e tsamaisang silevera kapa Gorilla/theipi e pakang ka kotloloho holim'a tšepe ea koloi e pentiloeng. Ka mor'a lihora tse 24 tsa mahlaseli a letsatsi, sekhomaretsi se entsoeng ka rabara se tla kopanya lik'hemik'hale tse nang le clearcoat ea koloi; ha u ebola theipi lebenkeleng la likhalase, e ka hlobola pente ea clearcoat ho tloha monyako kapa e siea khutlonnetsepa e sa feleng ea sekhomaretsi e hlokang motsoako oa solvent.

1. Hlakola foreimi ya lemati hore e hlweke mme o omelle: Sebelisa lesela le ommeng, lesela kapa joala ho hlakola lerōle, letsoai la tseleng le metsi a pula ho tloha foreiming ea lemati la tšepe (bakeng sa fensetere e ka thōko, ** bula lemati la koloi** e le hore u ka phuthela polasetiki ka mathōkong a menyako e ka holimo hoo ho koala lemati ho tiisa polasetiki ka har'a sebaka sa leholimo sa rabara).
2. Sebelisa foreimi e tsoelang pele ea pherimitha ea 5 cm (2-inch) Blue Painter's Masking Tape (kapa Automotive Masking Tape) ka kotloloho holim'a tšepe e pentiloeng: Khomaretsa moeli o makhethe oa tepi e sirelelitsoeng ka pente ea 'mala o moputsoa o sirelelitsoeng ho pota-pota fensetere e butsoeng, u e tobetse ka thata ka monoana oa hau o motona.
3. Seha pampiri ea hau ea polasetiki e hlakileng 8 cm (3 inches) e kholo ho feta fensetere e butsoeng ka mahlakoreng 'ohle:
4. Tapeta moqomo oa polasetiki o tiise ka KA NTLE: Beha polasetiki holim'a lesoba le lithupa tsa matla a phahameng tape ea khoele kapa teipi e pakang e hlakileng ea boemo ba leholimo ka ho toba ka holim'a moeli oa theipi ea motaki o moputsoa (ho tšoara halofo ea polasetiki le halofo ea theipi ea motaki o moputsoa, ​​le ka mohla u se ke ua tšoara pente e se nang letho ea koloi). Hula taut ea polasetiki joalo ka letlalo la moqomo ha u ntse u theipila likhutlong tse fapaneng pele, ebe u tiisa pherimitha e felletseng e le hore moea oa zero o ka ts'oara ka tlas'a ntlha e ka pele.
5. Kenya lera le ka hare kapa lesela la X-brace ho felisa meropa e mebileng e kholo: Polasitiki e le 'ngoe e tšesaane e tlanngoeng kantle feela e phalla ka matla ka hare le kantle ka lebelo la tsela e kholo, e etsa hore ho thibane litsebe. 40-hertz lerata la bass drumming ka hare ho khabin. Ho kenya letlapa la bobeli la polasetiki ka hare ea foreimi ea lemati (kapa ho manamisa lithapo tse peli tse diagonal tsa X tsa theipi holim'a polasetiki) ho kokobetsa ho sisinyeha ha lera le ho fokotsa lerata la tsela ka liperesente tse 80.
6. Ho thibela moea o fokang tseleng e kholo holim'a marulelo a koaletsoeng a letsatsi kapa fensetereng e ka mahlakoreng: Ha u khanna ka lebelo la 'mila o nang le fensetere ea polasetiki e theisitsoeng kapa marulelo a letsatsi, boloka dashboard ea hau ea HVAC ea moea e le RECIRCULATE (ho e-na le ho Fetola Moea) 'me U SE KE U I bula fensetere e le 'ngoe e shebaneng ka boeona, e sutumelletsang lesela la parachute ka ntle joalo ka polasetiki ea hau.

Mohato oa 4: Paballo ea tšohanyetso ka thoko ho tsela ea chip e nyane ea windshield rock¶

Haeba lejoe la tsela e kholo le siea lesela le hloekile bullseye, naleli, kapa khoeli e nyane ho feta chelete ea tšepe (2.5 cm / 1 inch) ka pel'a fenstere ea hao e ka pele ea laminated ntle le ho petsola khalase:

1. Kwahela chip e ka ntle hang-hang ka sekotwana sa Scotch/teipi e pakang: Lebaka la #1 lebaka la ho lokisoa ha lesela la fenstere la $75 le hloleha kapa le fetoha lepetso le pharalletseng ke hore metsi a pula, mokelikeli oa mochini o hlatsoang lifensetere, le litšila tsa tsela li kenella ka har'a likheo tse bulehileng tsa khalase tse nyane pele u fihla lebenkeleng la likhalase. Ho beha sekoere se senyenyane sa teipi e khomarelang e hlakileng holim'a sekoti se ka ntle se tiisa mongobo le litšila e le hore setsebi se ka kenya resin ea mahlo e sa bonahale.
2. Qoba ho tsukutloa ke mocheso o feteletseng ka khalase: Ho fihlela chip e lokisoa, u se ke oa phatlola moea o chesang o thibelang serame holim'a sefensetere se batang haholo mariha, 'me u se ke ua phatlola moea o batang oa leqhoa ka ho toba setsing sa fensetere ha le chesa letsatsi la lehlabula. Paka moriting 'me u siee fensetere e ka lehlakoreng le leng e bulehile 1 cm (0.5 inch) kahoo mocheso oa khabin ha o kenye khalase ebe o tsamaisa chip e nyane hore e be petso e tlohang ho ea ho e 'ngoe.

Ntlafatso ea kh'amera ea ADAS le hore na ke hobane'ng ha u sa khone ho khanna hora e le 1 ka mor'a phetoho ea windshield¶

Hoo e ka bang likoloi tsohle tse hahiloeng ka mor'a 2016, fensetere ea pele ea laminated ha e sa le letlapa la khalase feela; e sebetsa e le lense ea mahlo bakeng sa koloi ea hau Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) kh'amera e shebileng pele, prism ea infrared e utloang pula, le projeke ea ho bonts'a hlooho e behiloeng ka mor'a seipone se shebileng ka morao. Ha o nkela sefensetere sa moea se pshatlehileng kapa o sebetsana le ho phatloha ha lefika holim'a seipone se ka holimo, ho sebetsa melao e 'meli ea bohlokoa ea tšireletso:

1. Sepeha ka har'a seipone se ka holimo se bohareng sa brakete ea khamera se tima Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) le Lane-Keep Assist: Ha lefika le robeha le robeha khalase ka pel'a ntlo ea khamera e ntšo ea trapezoidal ka mor'a seipone sa hau se ka morao, khalase e petsohileng e hlahisa leseli le kenang 'me e foufatsa kapa e ferekanya sensor ea optical. Dashboard ea hau hangata e tla khantša mosehla FORWARD COLLISION WARNING UNAVAILABLE kapa LANE DEPARTURE SYSTEM FAULT litlhokomeliso; ka letsoho tima Lane-Keep Assist le Adaptive Cruise Control ho fihlela khalase e nkeloa sebaka e le hore ho sothoa ha prism ho se ke ha etsa hore ho be le tokiso ea phantom kapa ho sebelisa brake.
2. Tlhakollo e Tlamang ea Khamera ea ADAS e tsitsitseng: Esita le phetoho ea 1-degree ea bracket angle angle e ncha ea fensetere e fosahetse sepheo sa khamera ka limithara tse fetang 1.5 (maoto a 5) sebaka sa limithara tse 100 (maoto a 330) ho theosa le tsela e kholo. Kamehla netefatsa hore lebenkele la ho fetola likhalase le etsa mosebetsi o laetsoeng ke moetsi Static (laser target board) le/kapa Dynamic (highway calibration drive) ADAS recalibration ka mor'a ho kenya windshield e ncha.
3. Hlompha Fesetere e Sireletsehileng ea ho khanna urethane (SDAT): Fensetere ea moea e ka pele e khomaretsoe holim'a 'mele oa tšepe o nang le sekhomaretsi sa polyurethane ** polyurethane structural glued. Haeba u khanna koloi hang ka mor'a hore setsebi sa khalase se behe fensetere pele urethane e phekola matla a ho senyeha (hangata ** 30 ho metsotso e 60 ** bakeng sa urethanes e phekolehang ka potlako, kapa nako e telele moeeng o batang, o omileng oa mariha), ho otla sekoti ho ka hlahisa tiiso ea windshield e hlephileng (ho etsa phala e sa feleng ea moea le daete ea metsi ka pel'a metsi), e kenang ka lebokoseng le ka pele. ho tsamaisa mokotlana oa moea oa baeti o tla letsa sefensetere se sa phekolehang ka ho feletseng koloing. Kamehla theola fensetere e ka lehlakoreng le leng 2.5 cm (1 inch) lihora tse 24 tsa pele ka mor'a hore fenstere ea moea e nkeloa sebaka ke moea hoo ho otla lemati la koloi ha ho etse hore ho be le seqhomane sa moea se phunyang mocha oa moea oa pin-hole ka sefaha sa urethane.

Lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa¶

Hobaneng ha marulelo a letsatsi a koloi ea ka a ile a phatloha ka tšohanyetso tseleng e kholo empa ho se letho le o otlang?¶

Marulelo a mangata a letsatsi le likhalase tsa panoramic a entsoe ka likhalase tse thibelang mocheso, tse entsoeng ka bokantle ba eona ba ka ntle ka khatello e phahameng 'me bokahare ba eona bo ka hare bo notletsoe ke tsitsipano e matla. Haeba karoloana e sa bonahaleng ea litšila tsa nickel sulfide e qabeletsoeng ka har'a galase e hola ha nako e ntse e feta, kapa ha monko o monyane o sa hlokomeleheng o kopana le chassis e sothehang holim'a leqhubu le mocheso o chesang (letsatsi le chesang holim'a khalase e lefifi ka ntle khahlanong le moea o batang ka hare), lesela le ka hare la tsitsipano le robeha hang-hang ka metsotsoana e 1,500 ka metsotsoana e le 'ngoe. Khatello ena ea hang-hang ea khatello ea maikutlo e pshatla pane kaofela hore e be li-cubes tse nyane 'me e hlahisa molumo o phahameng oa acoustic shock ka har'a ntlo o utloang eka ke ho thunya ha sethunya.

Ke hobane'ng ha ke sa lokela ho bulela fene ea fene ea lifensetere hang ka mor'a hore lejoe le otla fensetere ea ka e ka pele?¶

Fensetere ea hau e ka pele e entsoe ka khalase e sireletsehileng ea laminated (likarolo tse peli tsa khalase tse kopantsoeng le filimi e thata ea polasetiki e bohareng). Ha lefika le boima le otla bokantle ba fenstere ea moea ka lebelo la tsela e kholo, leqhubu lena le tsamaea ka khalase ebe le hlaba likotoana tse likete-kete tsa khalase e hlabang ka nale (tse bitsoang inner spall) ho tloha bokaholimong ba khalase ka ho toba dashboard le ho theosa ka har'a liforomo tsa moea tse shebileng holimo. Ho bulela fan ea "defroster blower" hang-hang ho phatlola leru leo ​​le sa bonahaleng la linale tsa khalase ka kotloloho mahlong a mokhanni le bapalami.

Nka penta polasetiki joang holim'a fensetere ea koloi e robehileng ntle le teipi e senyang pente ea koloi ea ka?¶

Le ka mohla u se ke ua khomarela teipi e tloaelehileng ea duct kapa teipi ea Gorilla ka ho toba tšepeng ea koloi e pentiloeng, hobane khanya ea letsatsi e chesa sekhomaretsi sa rabara ka har'a koloi e hlakileng ebe e ebola pente kapa e siea masala a sekhomaretsi a sa feleng. Ho e-na le hoo, hlakola foreimi ea lemati e hloekile 'me e omelle, sebelisa moeli o sa khaotseng oa theipi ea masking ea setaki sa 5-cm (2-inch) ka holim'a tšepe e pentiloeng ho pota-pota foreimi ea fensetere, ebe u tlanya lesela la polasetiki le hlakileng le matla a phahameng ka ho toba holim'a moeli oa teipi ea motaki. Bula lemati ha u ntse u phuthela polasetiki kahoo ho koala lemati ho phunya mathōko ka har'a boemo ba leholimo.

Na ho bolokehile ho khanna koloi ea ka haeba fensetere e ka pele ea laminated e petsohile?¶

E itšetlehile ka sebaka le botebo ba tšenyo. Hobane fenstere ea moea e ka pele e entsoe ka likhalase tse peli tse kopantsoeng le polyvinyl butyral (PVB) e thata ea polasetiki, ho bolokehile ho khanna ka hloko ho ea lebenkeleng la ho lokisa haeba feela lesela la khalase le ka ntle le petsohile, filimi e bohareng ea polasetiki e sa phunyeletsoa, ​​u ke ke ua utloa khalase e matsutla ka holim'a ntlo e ka hare, 'me petso ha e pate mohala oa mantlha oa mokhanni. Leha ho le joalo, haeba fenstere ea moea e koahetsoe ke tepo ea sekho e opaque e thibileng tsela eo u bonang tsela, kapa haeba karolo e ka hare ea khalase e phunyeletsa ka har'a cabin, u se ke ua khanna koloi 'me le ka mohla u leke ho phunya khalase ea laminated.

Mehloli e hlahlobiloe¶

• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, United States): Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 205 (Glazing Materials) le ODI Investigative Engineering Reports ka Spontaneous Panoramic Sunroof Shattering.
• Komisi ea Moruo oa Machaba a Kopaneng bakeng sa Europe (UNECE): *Molao oa 43: Litokisetso tse Tšoanang Mabapi le Kamohelo ea Tšireletso ea Lisebelisuoa tsa Glazing le ho Kenyeha ha tsona Likoloi *.
• Auto Glass Safety Council (AGSC) le National Windshield Repair Association (NWRA): Seabo sa Sebopeho sa Li-Windshields tse Laminated ho Rollover Roof Crush le Phaliso ea Airbag ea baeti; Meeli ea ho Lokisoa ha Khalase ea Laminated.
• American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO): Taolo ea Tšohanyetso ea Ocular Glass Spall le Corneal Foreign Bodies.

Litataiso tse amanang¶

• Windshield e robehile, hood ea fofa, kapa ho hloleha ho hlakola ka lebelo la tsela e kholo
• Ntho e tsoang kantle ho leihlo, ho phatloha ha cornea, le thuso ea pele ea welding flash
• Likotsi tsa mahlo le tlhokomelo ea ho phatloha ha mahlo ka lik'hemik'hale
• Litokiso tse haufi le tsela tsa tšohanyetso le ho rarolla mathata
• Lenane la linomoro tsa tshohanyetso