Sidewalk Contact Voltage (Stray Voltage) ho Streetlights, Manholes, le Lipalo tsa Tšebeliso.¶

Mariha a mang le a mang le ka mor'a lipula tsa litloebelele, 'molai ea sa bonahaleng, ea sa bonahaleng ka ho feletseng, o bolaea batho ba tsamaeang ka maoto le ba tsamaeang ka motlakase ho pholletsa le litselana tsa toropo, lirapeng tsa boikhathollo le litselana tsa maoto: Contact Voltage (e tsejoang haholo ke sechaba e le Stray Voltage). Ka tlas'a literata tsa litoropo le litselana tsa teropo ho na le marang-rang a mangata a patiloeng ka ho toba **120-volt, 208-volt, 240-volt, 277-volt, le 480-volt motlakase oa bobeli ** ho fepa mabone a marang-rang a tšepe, matšoao a sephethephethe, meaho ea libese e bonesitsoeng. Ha lilemo tse mashome tsa ho sisinyeha ha leqhoa, tšenyo ea ho epolloa, kapa ** letsoai le chesang la mariha (sodium chloride le calcium chloride) slush ** ja ka ho kenngoa ha terata ka tlas'a lebone la streetlamp kapa lebokose la mateano, mochine oa koporo o se nang letho kapa oa aluminium o ama ntlo ea tšepe kapa mobu o metsi ntle le ho hula lisebelisoa tse lekaneng tsa ho senya. Ka lebaka leo, sekoaelo sa mokoti oa tšepe, grate ea tšepe e ka thōko ho tsela, palo ea aluminium ea streetlight, chain-link terata, kapa puddle e metsi ea konkreite e pota-potileng e lula e le matla ho 50 ho isa ho 480 volts ea alternating current (AC) ka matsatsi kapa libeke tse nang le mosi oa lefela, litlhase tse lefela le molumo oa lefela.

Lintja tse tsamaeang holim'a li-leashes ke "li-canaries morafong oa mashala" bakeng sa motlakase oa ho kopana le litselana hobane li tsamaea holim'a liphaephe tse se nang letho, tse metsi a letsoai 'me li na le mabili a malelele a maoto a mane a koalang matla a motlakase pakeng tsa li-slabs tse peli tsa litsela (**mohato o ka khonang **). Ho bohloko le ho feta ke hore ** beng ba liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng le Basamaria ba Molemo ba atisa ho khangoa ke motlakase kapa ba akheloa ho tšoaroa ke pelo ha ka tlhaho ba inamela fatše ba sa roala matsoho kapa ba hata holim'a grate ea tšepe e metsi ho tšoara ntja e llang, e sisinyehang **. Ho tseba hore na ke libaka life tsa literata tseo u lokelang ho li qoba nakong ea boemo ba leholimo bo nang le metsi le lehloa, mokhoa oa ho pholosa motho kapa phoofolo ea lapeng e koaletsoeng seterateng se matla ntle le ho ba lehlatsipa la bobeli, mokhoa oa ho etsa li-canine le CPR ea motho bakeng sa fibrillation ea ventricular e tlaase-voltage, le mokhoa oa ho qobella "Make-Safe" thomello e pholosang bophelo literateng tsa toropo.

Etsa sena hona joale¶

1. Haeba ntja e hoeletsa, e phunya mokokotlo, e loma maotong a eona, kapa e oela ka thōko ho tsela, kapa haeba motho ea tsamaeang ka maoto a oela ka holim'a kosene ea lebone kapa grate, Emisa 'me U SE KE UA LI AMA KA MATSOHO A HAO. volts AC.
2. **Hula ntja e ts'oeroeng ka ho hlaka u sebelisa nylon e ommeng feela, letlalo, kapa thapo, kapa u koale motho ka lefielo le ommeng la lepolanka, 'mete oa koloi ea rabara, kapa jase e teteaneng. Le ka mohla u se ke ua sebelisa leash ea ketane ea tšepe kapa khoele e kolobileng e hulehang.
3. Haeba uena ka bouena u utloa ho tsikinyeha, ho kurutla, kapa ho tsikitlanya maotong kapa maotong a hao ha u ntse u tsamaea tseleng e metsi, U se ke ua nka mohato o mong ho ea pele. Tobetsa maoto ka bobeli ka thata-thata 'me u ** suthela morao kapa u tlole ka maoto a mabeli hammoho** ho ea bohareng ba letlapa le omeletseng la konkreite hole le litepisi tsohle tsa tšepe, mapheo, le lipalo ()mohato oa tšireletso
4. Sheba karabelo le ho hema hang ha motho kapa ntja e huleloa limithara tse 3 (maoto a 10) holim'a konkreite e omileng, 'me u qale CPR hang-hang haeba ba sa phefumolohe. Matla a motlakase a malapeng le a bobeli a seterateng (50/60 Hz AC) a emisa pelo ka ho tsosa ventricular fibrillation ntle le ho siea letšoao le le leng la ho chesa letlalong.
5. ** Letsetsa nomoro ea hau ea tšohanyetso ea lehae (911 naheng ea US le Canada, 112 naheng ea EU, 999 in the UK) LE mohala oa ts'ohanyetso oa sesebelisoa sa motlakase oa lihora tse 24 hang hang.** Sheba rona dinomoro tsa tshohanyetso directory. Bolella li-dispatchers: * "Re na le tsela e sebetsang ka thōko ho tsela Ikopanye le kotsi ea motlakase oa Voltage / Stray Voltage ho [Aterese e nepahetseng ea Seterata / Sekhutlo]. Ho Kopa Mollo / EMS le Ts'ebetso ea Motlakase ea Pele Pele ho Motlakase oa 1 Make-Safe crew."*
6. *Emela sebaka sa limithara tse 5 (maoto a 16) ka morao 'me u thibele tselana ka makotikoti a lithōle, likhoune, kapa litulo ho fihlela bo-ralitima-mollo kapa batho ba sebetsang ka matla ba fihla ba e-na le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase. Hobane li-grate tse matlafetseng le lipalo li shebahala li tloaelehile, motho ea latelang ea tsamaeang ka maoto kapa ntja e tsamaeang ka maoto metsotso e 'meli hamorao e tla hata sebakeng seo se bolaeang ntle le haeba u ka ba hlokomelisa.

Utloisisa Contact Voltage vs. Dairy/Farm "Stray Voltage"¶

Boenjiniere ba motlakase (e laoloang ke ** IEEE Standard 1695: Tataiso ea Kutloisiso, Tlhahlobo, le ho Fokotsa Stray le Contact Voltage **), liketsahalo tse peli tse amanang li atisa ho ferekanngoa:

1. Contact Voltage (Urban Sidewalk & Street Fixture Faults): Voltage e bakiloeng ke insulation ho se sebetse kapa phoso ea lithapo lithapong tsa motlakase tse tlase kapa tse mahareng (120V ho 480V kabo ea bobeli kapa li-circuits tsa mabone a literata) tse matlafatsang lintho tse fihlellehang phatlalatsa joalo ka manhole, li-grate, likosene tsa mabone le tsela e katiloeng. Hangata motlakase oa ho kopana o lekanya 30 ho isa ho 480 volts mme o baka lefu le bolaeang ventricular fibrillation bathong le lintjang.
2. Neutral-to-Earth Voltage (NEV / True "Stray Voltage"): Voltage ea boemo bo tlase (hangata 1 ho isa ho 10 volts AC) e hlahang lipakeng tsa lintho tse entsoeng ka tšepe (tse kang litene tsa moliko oa lebese, likotlolo tsa ho nosetsa liphoofolo, kapa letamo la ho sesa ka mor'a ntlo ka lebaka la lithapo tsa metsi le metsi a kolobileng) tsamaisong e nang le metheo e mengata ea ho se nke lehlakore kapa bonto ea bolulo e senyehileng. Le hoja li-volts tse 2 ho isa ho tse 5 ho pota-pota letamo le ka mor'a ntlo kapa boema-kepe li bolaea ka seoelo mobung o omileng, ka metsing li ka holofatsa mesifa ea motho ea sesang 'me tsa baka Electric Shock Drowning (ESD).

flowchart TD
    A["Motho ea tsamaeang ka maoto kapa Ntja e T`soarohile Mathokong / Near Street Fixture"] --> B{"Na Mohlaseluoa o ntse a ama Grate, Pole, kapa Sebaka se Metsi?"}
    B -->|YES: Victim or Dog Still in Contact| C["U SE KE UA HATA HO BONAHALA KAPA HO TŠOA MOHLASELUOA U SE KE UA LE MATSOHO"]
    B -->|NO: Victim Already Clear on Dry Concrete| D["Lekola ho Phefumoloha le ho Pulsa Hang-hang"]
    C --> E["Ema holim'a Konkreite e Omileng: Hula Ntja ka Nylon e Omileng/Leash ea Letlalo KAPA Sututsa Motho ka Patsi e Omileng / Matiti ea Rubber / Koat e omileng."]
    E --> D
    D --> F{"Na Motho Kapa Ntja e Phefumoloha 'me e Arabela?"}
    F -->|NO: Unresponsive / Gasping / No Heartbeat| G["Qala hang-hang CPR: 100 ho 120 Compressions / Min le letsetsa 911 / 112 / 999"]
    F -->|YES: Awake / Whimpering / Shaking| H["Sutha 5 m (16 ft) Hole: E Hloka ER kapa Emergency Vet ECG Monitoring"]
    G --> I["Seteishene sa Bystander ho Thibela Sidewalk le Letsetsa Utility ea Motlakase bakeng sa Pele 1 Ikopanye le Voltage Make-Safe"]
    H --> I

Litsela tse 7 tse Kotsing ka ho Fetisisa tsa Literateng tsa Urban (Moo Matla a Ipatahang a Ipatang teng)¶

Kamora liketsahalo tse tummeng tse bolaeang (joalo ka ho felloa ke motlakase ka 2004 ha motho ea tsamaeang ka maoto Jodie Lane New York City kamora hore lintja tsa hae li hate lebokoseng la tšepe le matlafalitsoeng, le ileng la lebisa tlhokomelong ea selemo le selemo ea motlakase oa motlakase ho pholletsa le seterata se seng le se seng sa NYC le litoropong tse ling), lipatlisiso tsa ts'ebeliso li senotse hore na ke meaho efe ea literata e hlolehang hangata.

Ke hobane'ng ha Winter Road Salt e Etsa "Sray Voltage Season"¶

Le hoja motlakase oa motlakase o ka ba teng ka letsatsi leha e le lefe la lehlabula la lipula, **75 ho isa ho 85 lekholong ea motlakase o tsamaeang ka thōko ho toropo le liketsahalo tsa manhole li etsahala pakeng tsa December le March **. Mekhoa e meraro ea 'mele e kopana nakong ea lifefo tsa mariha:

1. Brine Electrolyte Slush: Metsi a pula a hloekileng kapa lehloa le hloekileng ke sekontiri sa motlakase se batlang se fokola. Hang ha mehoma ea masepala e hasana letsoai la majoe (sodium chloride), calcium chloride, kapa magnesium chloride literateng le litselaneng tsa maoto, lehloa le qhibilihang le fetoha motsoako oa ionic brine solution o tsamaisang motlakase ka makhetlo a makholo ka katleho ho feta metsi a pompo.
2. Karohano ea Khokahano ea Lithapo Tsa Khale ea Exothermic: Letsoai le nang le letsoai le phunyeletsang masoba a mekoting le manonyeletso a katoloso ea litselana ho ea likamoreng tse kopanyang ka tlas'a lefatše. Ha metsi a letsoai a phunyeletsa mapetsong a manyenyane ka har'a rabara e tsofetseng, loto, kapa polyethylene e hoketsoeng ka sefapano (XLPE) cable, electrolytic current e phalla pakeng tsa mekhahlelo, e hlahisa mocheso o matla, li-conductors tsa koporo tse senyang, le ho matlafatsa letlapa lohle le metsi la konkreite ka holimo.
3. Conductive Salt Crust on Dog Paws and Boot Soles: Ntja e tsamaeang pel'a tselana ea mariha e nang le letsoai e na le liphaephe tse metsi, tse koahetsoeng ka metsi (hangata lia petsoha kapa tse tala ho tsoa letsoai la tseleng, e fokotsa ho hanyetsa ha letlalo ho 300 ho isa ho 500 ohms). Esita le matla a tlaase a motlakase a 15 ho isa ho 30 volts ho haola le lebelo la ntja la 60-centimeter (maoto a 2) a khanna limilimithara tse lekaneng sefubeng sa ntja ho baka mesifa e bohloko ea tetanic kapa lefu la pelo.

Matšoao a lemosang a hore ntja ea hau e ikutloa e le boemong bo tlaase¶

Lintja li khona ho utloa li-gradients tsa fatše li le tlase ho 1 ho isa ho 5 volts AC pele motho ea apereng lieta tse entsoeng ka rabara a utloa letho ho hang. Shebella ntja ea hau haufi-ufi ha e atamela mateanong a litsela, grate, kapa sethala sa lebone:

• Ho hana ka tšohanyetso ho ea pele ("Ho palama mariki"): Ntja ea hao e ema hang-hang e shoele, e hulanyetsa morao holim'a lethapo, 'me e hana ho tšela lepatlelo le itseng la tsela e ka thōko ho tsela, matangoana kapa tsela e tšelang maoto. Le ka mohla u se ke ua hula kapa ua hula ntja sebakeng seo ka tšohanyetso e tšabang ho tsamaea ho sona.
• Ho hatakela holimo haholo, ho phahamisa marapo, kapa ho nyeka marapo: Ntja e phahamisa letsoho le le leng kapa a mabeli ka potlako joalokaha eka e hata mashala a chesang, kapa e loma ka pele. (Le hoja letsoai le batang le boetse le hlaba marotholi, haeba ntja e arabela hang-hang ha e hata mokoti, grate, kapa sethala sa lebone 'me e emisa hang ha e khutlela morao, belaela motlakase.)
• Moriri o eme, o rorela fatshe, kapa o rapame ka tshohanyetso: Ntja e sheba tlaase sekoahelong sa mokoti kapa moroko o ka thōko ho tsela, e iname, kapa e lla habohloko e sa hata khalase.

Protocol ea Mohato ka Mohato oa Pholoso: Ho Pholosa Motho ea Shoeleng kapa Ntja ka Tsela e Sireletsehileng¶

Ha alternating current at 50 Hz or 60 Hz feta har'a mesifa ea skeletal, e etsa hore ** "tetanic contraction" ("No-Let-Go" lock-on)**: mesifa ea letsoho, forearm, kapa maoto a honyela ka matla le ho hoama, 'me e thibela motho kapa phoofolo hore e se ke ea theoha holim'a sefate.

1. Ho Pholosa Ntja e Shoeleng Tselaneng ea Tsela kapa Grate¶

1. Beha maoto a hau moo a leng teng (kapa u hate mohato o le NNGWE ho ea morao holim'a konkreite e omileng). Le ka mohla u se ke ua mathela pele holim'a letlapa le metsi kapa grate ea tšepe moo ntja e oelang teng.
2. Sheba lethapo le letsohong la hao:
   • Haeba u tšoere tepo ea nylon e Omileng, thapo ea polypropylene, biothane, kapa lesela la letlalo: Hula ka ho otloloha ka morao ho thellelisa ntja 2 ho isa ho 3 limithara (maoto a 6 ho isa ho a 10) khutlela letlapeng le omeletseng la konkreite le ka morao ho uena.
   • Haeba khoele e le ketane ea METAL, kapa e kolobisitsoe ka letsoai le letsoai letsohong la hao: Lahlela ketane kapa u phuthele ** jase e ommeng ea mariha, sekhafo se omeletseng, mokotla o ommeng oa korosari, kapa glove e ommeng ea letlalo** ho pota-pota leqhama la nylon pele u hula, kapa u tlamelle lesela ho pota-pota lesela pele hula ntja sebakeng se chesang.
3. **Hang ha ntja e hlakile ka limithara tse 3 (maoto a 10) holim'a tsela e omeletseng, hlahloba ho phefumoloha le ho otla ha pelo hang-hang ** (sheba litaelo tsa Canine CPR ka tlase).

2. Ho Pholosa Lehlatsipa le Koaletsoeng Palong, Lekhoakhoa, kapa Letlapeng¶

1. Se ke oa tšoara letlalo le hlobotseng la mohlaseluoa, baki e metsi kapa lieta ka matsoho a hao a sa roala letho. Ha u ka tšoara motho ea ntseng a kopana le 120V to 480V street fixture, ea hona joale e feta ka ho toba 'meleng oa hae ho ea ho ea hao, e u notlella bobeli ba hau holim'a potoloho.
2. Roba kgokahanyo ya motlakase o sebedisa ntho e omileng e seng conductor:
   • Loop and Drag: Lokisetsa lebanta le ommeng la nylon, sekhafo se omeletseng, lebanta le omeletseng, thapo e ommeng, kapa matsoho a jase e teteaneng e ommeng ea mariha leqaqailaneng, letsohong, kapa thekeng ebe o li hula ka morao ho tloha grate kapa hole le palo.
   • Sututsa kapa Pry: Sebelisa mofeng oa lefielo o ommeng oa lehong, boto ea lepolanka ea 2x4, mofeng oa kharafu ea lehloa e omeletseng, moqomo oa lithōle oa polasetiki, kapa 'mete o motenya oa koloi ea rabara ho sututsa leoto la motho ea hlokofalitsoeng holim'a tšepe e matlafetseng.
   • Ho sebetsana le 'Mele FEELA Joalo ka Sebaka sa ho Qetela sa Phomolo se Sebakeng se Omileng: Le ka mohla u se ke ua tšoara motho ea hlasetsoeng ka 'mele haeba mobu o ka tlas'a bona o le mothating oa motlakase o mongobo.

Thuso ea Pele ea Hang-hang: CPR ea Motho le Canine CPR Ka mor'a Motlakase oa Motlakase¶

Motlakase oa motlakase o tlase (50 to 480V AC) e bolaea haholo-holo ka ho senya motlakase oa pelo ea motlakase, ho lahlela li-ventricle ka ho thothomela ho hoholo (** ventricular fibrillation ) kapa ho emisa ho hema ( ho tšoaroa ka mokhoa oa ho phefumoloha ** ho tloha diaphragm le brainstem tetany). Hobane mesifa ea pelo ea motho ea hlasetsoeng le litho tsa 'mele li phetse hantle ka ho feletseng, CPR ea hang-hang e qalileng nakong ea metsotsoana e 60 e na le lebelo le phahameng haholo la ho khutlisetsa batho le lintja bophelong.

1. Thuso ea Pele ea Motlakase oa Batho & CPR¶

1. Hang ha mohlaseluoa a se a le sebakeng se sireletsehileng, se omeletseng, itšoare ka mahetla 'me u hoeletse. Sheba sefubeng sa hae bakeng sa ho phefumoloha ho tloaelehileng (u hlokomolohe ho phefumoloha nako le nako kapa "agonal" phefumoloho).
2. Haeba o sa arabele mme o sa phefumolohe ka tsela e tlwaelehileng, qala hanghang ho Itshwaela Sefubeng:
   • Beha serethe sa letsoho le le leng bohareng ba sefuba (halofo e ka tlaase ea lesapo la sefuba / sternum), beha letsoho la hao le leng ka holimo, 'me u sutumelle ka matla le ka potlako ho **100 ho 120 compressions ka motsotso ** ho ea botebo ba 5 ho 6 centimeters (2 ho 2.4 inches) bakeng sa batho ba baholo.
   • Haeba u koetliselitsoe ho phefumoloha ho pholosa, fana ka 30 likhatello tse lateloang ke phefumoloho e 2 ea pholoso (ho sekamisetsa hlooho morao, ho phahamisa selelu, ho phunya nko, le ho butsoela motsotso o le mong ho fihlela sefuba se phahama).
   • Romela motho ea emeng haufi le eena ho tla inkela Automated External Defibrillator (AED) ho tsoa lebenkeleng le haufi, sebaka sa boikoetliso, sebaka sa liofisi, kapa sekolong. Hobane ts'oaetso ea motlakase e baka ** morethetho o sisimosang (ventricular fibrillation) **, ho sebelisa AED ka potlako kamoo ho ka khonehang ke mokhoa o le mong oa ho pholosa bophelo. (Bona Thuso ea pele ea ts'oaetso ea motlakase le CPR.)
3. ** Esita le haeba motho a tsoha 'me a ikutloa a phetse hantle, o hloka Ambulance / Emergency Room 12-Lead ECG:** Lits'oants'o tse fokolang tsa motlakase li ka baka ho lieha ha pelo ea pelo, ho senyeha ha mesifa ka hare (**rhabdomyolysis **), kapa ho sithabela ha hlooho / mokokotlo oa bobeli ho tloha ho oela holim'a konkreite.

2. Canine CPR (Ho Tsosa Ntja Ka mor'a Motlakase oa Sidewalk)¶

Haeba ntja ea hau e sa tsebe letho ka konkreite e omileng ka mor'a hore e huloe ka grate e matlafetseng kapa lebone la lebone:

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|              EMERGENCY CANINE CPR FOR ELECTRIC SHOCK                    |
|                                                                         |
|  1. CHECK BREATHING & HEARTBEAT (Max 10 seconds):                       |
|     - Watch the chest for rise/fall; feel for the heartbeat on the      |
|       left side of the chest right where the bent left front elbow      |
|       touches the ribs (3rd to 6th rib space).                          |
|  2. POSITION THE DOG ON ITS RIGHT SIDE on a flat, dry surface.          |
|  3. HAND PLACEMENT FOR CHEST COMPRESSIONS:                              |
|     - Medium/Large Round-Chested Dogs (Retrievers, Shepherds, Labs):    |
|       Place hands over the WIDEST part of the ribcage.                  |
|     - Deep/Narrow-Chested Dogs (Greyhounds, Dobermans, Pointers):       |
|       Place hands directly over the HEART (where the left elbow meets   |
|       the chest).                                                       |
|     - Barrel-Chested Dogs (English Bulldogs, Pugs, French Bulldogs):    |
|       Lay dog on its BACK and compress directly on the breastbone       |
|       like a human.                                                     |
|     - Small Dogs & Cats (< 7 kg / 15 lbs):                              |
|       Wrap one hand around the sternum, squeezing the heart between     |
|       your thumb on one side of the chest and fingers on the other.     |
|  4. COMPRESSION RATE & DEPTH:                                           |
|     - Push at 100 to 120 compressions per minute.                       |
|     - Compress 1/3 to 1/2 the width of the dog's chest.                 |
|  5. SNOUT-TO-MOUTH RESCUE BREATHS (30 Compressions : 2 Breaths):        |
|     - Hold the dog's jaws tightly closed with your hands.               |
|     - Place your mouth completely over the dog's NOSE (both nostrils).  |
|     - Blow gently for 1 second until you see the dog's chest rise.      |
|     - Repeat 30 compressions : 2 breaths continuously until the dog     |
|       breathes on its own or you reach an emergency veterinarian.       |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

• Le ha ntja ea hau e ka ema 'me ea e sisinya ka mor'a ho ts'oha ka thoko ho tsela, e ea ho Ngaka ea Tšohanyetso ea lihora tse 24: Lintja tse pholohileng ts'okelo ea motlakase li ka ba le non-cardiogenic neurogenic pulmonary edema (mokelikeli o tlatsang matšoafo ho tsoa ho adrenaline e kholo le khatello ea mali hamorao* le ho phahama ha khatello ea mali ka mor'a lihora tse 1 ho ea ho aac*2) arrhythmias. Sheba ho hemela holimo ka potlako, ho khohlela, marenene a 'mala o mosehla kapa a boputsoa, ​​​​kapa bofokoli.

( CPR ea matsoho le koetliso ea thuso ea pele e pholosa bophelo. Re khothaletsa ka matla ho nka thupelo e amohelehang ea motho ka mong le CPR / AED, hammoho le thupelo ea Pet First Aid, ho tsoa ho Red Cross, St John Ambulance, kapa mofani oa hau oa bongaka oa tšohanyetso oa sebakeng sa heno.)

Lisebelisuoa tsa Thibelo le Teko: Lirifi tsa Ntja, Litšepe tse sa Tšoaneng, le Tlaleho.¶

1. Tšireletso ea litselana tsa mariha bakeng sa lintja le batho ba tsamaeang ka maoto¶

• Lieta tsa Lintja tsa Rubber-Soled: Lesela le tšesaane le tloaelehileng kapa "li-socks" tsa boea li kolobisoa ka metsi a letsoai a tsamaisang ka metsotso e seng mekae ebe li fana ka **motlakase oa zero **. Ho sireletsa ntja khahlanong le motlakase oa ho kopana le litoropo, sebelisa ** libalune tsa tlhaho tsa rabara tse hlabositsoeng (tse kang lirifi tsa rabara tse sa keneleng metsi tsa Pawz) kapa lieta tse teteaneng tse entsoeng ka rabara tse entsoeng ka rabara ** tse bolokiloeng li omme ka hare, tse behang mokoallo oa rabara ea dielectric pakeng tsa paw pad le sebaka se katiloeng se matla.
• Qoba Metal Chain Leashes: Le ka mohla u se ke ua tsamaea le ntja toropong u sebelisa chrome kapa leash ea tšepe. Haeba molala oa ntja kapa nko e ama lebone le matlafetseng kapa terata, ketane ea tšepe e tsamaisa motlakase o feletseng ka seatleng sa hao se se nang letho. Kamehla sebelisa nylon, biothane, kapa matlalo a letlalo.
• Tsamaea Bohareng ba Matlapa a Omeletseng a Konkreite: Koetlisa uena le bana ba hao ho tšoara likoahelo tsa likoti tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe, lipoleiti tsa tšepe tse khutlonnetsepa, le grating e ka thōko ho tsela e le "lava": lula u li feta kapa u li pota-potile bohareng ba majoe a katiloeng a konkreite.

2. Mokhoa oa ho tlaleha ts'oaetso e belaetsang ea Contact Voltage e le hore lits'ebeletso li e lokise hang-hang¶

Haeba uena kapa ntja ea hau le utloa ho tsikinyeha hanyenyane kapa ho tsikitlanya hanyenyane mateanong a tsela, lebone kapa sekoahelo sa mokoti:

1. ** Tšoaea ntho e nepahetseng ho tloha bohōle bo sireletsehileng:** Nka foto e bontšang sekoahelo se khethehileng sa mokoti, grate, kapa palo ea tšepe e holim'a palo ea streetlight e amanang le aterese e haufi ea moaho.
2. Letsa BOBEDI 911 (kapa 112 / 999) LE mohala oa ts'ohanyetso oa setsi sa motlakase: Hlokomela hore metseng e mengata, mabone a tšepe a literata le matšoao a sephethephethe ke a Lefapha la Lipalangoang la Toropo (DOT), athe likhoele tse ka tlas'a lefatše tse li fepang e le tsa Mokhatlo oa Motlakase. Ho letsa 911 le Utility ea Motlakase ka nako e le 'ngoe e qobella ho kopana "Make-Safe" karabo moo motho ea nang le mathata a lekang palo le tselana ea maoto ka mochine o lekantsoeng o fokolang o thibelang ho kopana le motlakase o fokolang (Shunt-resistor voltmeter) mme e fokotsa matla ho sesebelisoa se nang le phoso hang-hang.

Lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa¶

Mehloli e hlahlobiloe¶

• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): IEEE Standard 1695-2016: IEEE Guide to Understanding, Diagnose, and Mitigating Stray and Contact Voltage (Liphoso tsa bobeli tsa kabo ea litoropo, monyetla oa mohato/ho ama, le liprothokholo tsa tekanyo ea shunt-resistor).
• Khomishene ea Ts'ebeletso ea Sechaba ea New York State (NYSPSC) & Consolidated Edison (United States): Maemo a Tšireletseho ea Motlakase: Taelo ea Teko le Tlhahlobo ea Motlakase oa Stray (Boitsebiso ba selemo le selemo ba ho hlahloba lifono tsa motlakase ka likoti, mabokose a litšebeletso, le mabone a literata a masepala).
• American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) & RECOVER Initiative (Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society): * HLAHALA Litaelo tsa Tlhekefetso ea Meriana bakeng sa ho Tsosoa ha Cardiopulmonary ho Lintja le Likatse * (Ho behoa ka letsoho ka sefuba, 100 ho 120 compressions / min rate, 30: 2 snout-mouth snout tlhokomelo ea edema).
• ** American Heart Association (AHA) & European Resuscitation Council (ERC): ** * Tataiso ea ho Tsosolosa Cardiopulmonary le Emergency Cardiovascular Care: Likotsi tsa Motlakase le Low-Voltage Ventricular Fibrillation *.
• *

Litataiso tse amanang¶

• Thuso ea pele ea ts'oaetso ea motlakase
• CPR (Resuscitation Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
• Likoti tse tsubang, ho phatloha ha liphaephe tsa motlakase tse ka tlas'a lefatše, le ho phatloha ha lipeipi tsa mouoane
• Ho phatloha ha transformer ea boahelani, mollo oa palo, kapa lebokose le sa notleloang la lisebelisoa tse tala
• Lithapo tsa motlakase tse theohileng le motlakase oa koloi
• Letamo la ho sesa le khangoa ke metsi le ho khangoa ke motlakase
• Liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng maemong a tšohanyetso
• Linomoro tsa maemo a tshohanyetso