Cat Lily Exposure, Meriana ea Letsetse la Ntja (Permethrin) Ho thothomela, le Khoele e Metsoeng¶

Likatse tsa malapeng li na le mekhoa e ikhethang ea tlhaho, ea boitšoaro le ea sebete e etsang hore li be kotsing ea maemo a tšohanyetso a mararo a fapaneng, a bolaeang ka potlako a malapa: ho pepesehela ** likhahla tsa 'nete ** (Lilium le mefuta ea Hemerocallis), ho pepeseha ka lihlooho kapa ka molomo ho ** canine permethrin letsetse le litšoaneleho tse tsoang linaheng tse ling, ho hloka litlhare tse tsoang linaheng tse ling, ho hloka litlhare tse tsoang linaheng tse ling, ho hloka litlhare tse tsoang linaheng tse ling. khoele, lente le kobehang, kapa khoele). Ho fapana le lintja, likatse ke li-carnivores tseo sebete sa tsona li se nang li-enzyme tsa bohlokoa tsa phase II glucuronidation (haholo-holo UGT1A6 le UGT2B31) tse hlokehang ho ntša chefo ka metsoako e mengata ea limela le likokoana-hloko tsa maiketsetso tsa pyrethroid, ha maleme a tsona a koahetse ka hare ho qoqotho e shebileng ka morao e kenyang khoele e otlolohileng molomong.

Maemong ana a mararo a tšohanyetso, hangata liphoso tsa lapeng tse etsoang ka sepheo se setle li ipaka li bolaea. Ho leta ho bona hore na katse e shebahala e kula ka mor'a ho hlafuna lekhasi la khahla e hloloheloa fensetere ea lihora tse 6 ho isa ho tse 18 pele lefu la lisele tsa liphio le sa fetoheng le qala. Ho hlapa katse e nang le chefo ea permethrin metsing a chesang ho atolosa li-capillaries tsa letlalo le ho potlakisa ho tšoaroa ke lefu la neurotoxic. Ho hula sekotoana sa khoele se leketlileng molomong oa katse kapa lisakha tsa rectum ka har'a mala a manyane a boreleli joalo ka terata ea chisi. Ketso ea hang-hang, e ikhethileng katse e pholosa bophelo ba katse ea hau.

Etsa sena hona joale¶

1. Hlalosa hore na ke maemo afe a tshohanyetso ho tse tharo a hlahang mme o nke kgato hanghang:
2. Haeba katse ea hau e hlafuna karolo leha e le efe ea khahla, e tšetse peō ea khahla boea ba eona, kapa e noa metsi ka nkhong ea lipalesa: Hlakola ka bonolo peō efe kapa efe e 'mala o mosehla litelung, sefahlehong le liropeng ka lesela le mongobo (kapa u hlatsoe sebaka seo ka sesepa se silafetseng haeba se koahetsoe haholo) hore katse e se ke ea khona ho nyeka lipalesa hang-hang kapa ho khanna foto hang-hang. sepetlele sa bongaka ba liphoofolo.
3. Haeba marotholi a matsetse a ntja/tick (permethrin) a ne a tlositsoe ho katse ea hau, kapa katse ea hau e koetlisitse ntja e sa tsoa phekoloa: Hang-hang isa katse sekoting ebe u hlatsoa mokelikeli o nang le mafura letlalong le boea u sebelisa metsi a foofo (a sa chese kapa a batang) le *e phuthela ka mokelikeli o bobebe o ommeng, o hlatsoe ka sejana se ommeng, o hlatsoe ka metsi a batang. ha e hatsetse, 'me u potlakele ka ho toba ho ngaka ea liphoofolo ea tšohanyetso.
4. Haeba khoele, khoele, khoele, lente, kapa lesela la katse li leketlile ka ntle ho molomo oa katse kapa bokantleng ba katse: ** LE KA mohla u se ke ua hula khoele.** Haeba ntlha e telele e hulanya ka har'a marako 'me e hatakeloa, u ka fokotsa lekeke le leketlang ka sekere se leketlileng le siea bonyane lisentimithara tse 2 ho isa ho tse 2 ho isa ho tse 2 ho isa ho tse 4 ho isa ho tse 2 ho isa ho tse 2 ho isa ho tse 2 ho isa ho tse 2 ho isa ho tse 2 ho isa ho tse 2 ho isa ho tse 5 ho isa ho tse 2 ho isa ho tse 5 ho isa ho 5. ka ntle, 'me u tsamaise katse hang-hang ho ea sepetlele sa bongaka ba liphoofolo.
5. Le ka mohla u se ke ua leka ho hlatsa katse lapeng: Le ka mohla u se ke ua fa katse karolo ea 3 lekholong ea hydrogen peroxide, letsoai la tafole, mosetareta kapa ipecac maemong afe kapa afe. Likatseng, hydrogen peroxide ha e qale ho hlatsa ka mokhoa o ts'eptjoang, empa ho e-na le hoo e baka liso tsa mali tse bolaeang le ho thella ha mpa le 'metso (necroulcerative hemorrhagic gastritis). Ke ngaka ea liphoofolo feela e ka kenyang emesis ka katse ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ho sebelisa li-agonists tse ka fetoloang tsa alpha-2 (joalo ka dexmedetomidine kapa xylazine).
6. Sheba hore na katse ea hau e boemong ba methapo ea kutlo, ea phefumoloho le mocheso oa eona: Ela hloko hore na katse e tsikitlanya litsebe, e sisinya maroo a eona, e rotha ho feta tekano, e hemela holimo e ahlamisitse molomo, e ipatile e tsikinyehile, kapa e thothomela ha e ntse e thothomela. Haeba katse e ntse e ts'oara kapa e thothomela ho tloha permetrin, etsa hore koloi e be le moea oa moea nakong ea lipalangoang ho thibela hyperthermia e senyang boko.
7. **Letsa Sepetlele sa Emergency Veterinary sa lihora tse 24 kapa Hotline ea Taolo ea Chefo ea Liphoofolo tseleng : E-ba le mopalami a letsetse sepetlele sa bongaka ba liphoofolo ha u ntse u khanna e le hore sehlopha sa kliniki se khone ho lokisa li-catheter tse kenang methapong, methocarbamol, intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE), kapa lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa / endoscopic. Bakeng sa tataiso ea toxicology, letsetsa ASPCA Animal Poison Control (1-888-426-4435) kapa Pet Poison Helpline (1-855-764-7661) United States le Canada, Animal PoisonLine (01202 509000) in the United Kingdom63 Poison (01202 509000). 738) Australia (bakeng sa maemo a tšohanyetso a batho, bona dinomoro tsa tshohanyetso).
8. Tla le kutu ea palesa, sephutheloana sa letsetse, kapa sampole ea likhoele: Tla le palesa ea 'nete ea lipalesa (kapa senepe se hlakileng sa mahlaku a mahlaku le mahlaku), tšupu ea polasetiki e petetsang letsetse e bonts'ang karolo e sebetsang, kapa sekotoana sa khoele kapa sesebelisoa sa ho roka se tseba hore na sesebelisoa sa ho roka e ne e le sesebelisoa sa ho roka.

Phallo ea tšohanyetso ea feline: likhahla, permethrin, le khoele ea mola¶

flowchart TD
    CatEmergency["Ho Khethiloe Boemo ba Tšohanyetso ba Lelapa la Feline"] --> Type{"Ho Etsahetse Kotsi Efe?"}
    Type -->|"1. Lily Plant, Pollen, kapa Vase Water"| LilyWash["Hlakola Peō ea Peō ea Phoofolo ea Boea / Li-Whiskers ka Lesela le Nang le Lesela le Sesepa se Bonolo"]
    LilyWash --> LilyRush["Potlakela ho ea ho Ngaka Nakong ea Lihora tse 6 ho isa ho tse 18 bakeng sa Emesis, Mashala, le Mekelikeli ea 48-Hr IV"]
    Type -->|"2. Marotholi a Letsetse la Ntja (Permethrin) kapa Ntja e Tšoaroang"| PermCheck{"Na Katse e se e ntse e Sebetsa ka Mathata kapa e Itšepella?"}
    PermCheck -->|"E: Lits'oants'o tse matla"| PermER["Rush Straight ho ER Vet (U lule u Pholile ka Koloi; Vet e Tla Tsitsisa Pele U Hlatsoa)"]
    PermCheck -->|"Che: Tlhokomeliso kapa Tšisinyeho e Bonolo"| PermBath["Hlapa Hang-hang ka Metsi a Luka le Sesepa sa Lijana tse Mokelikeli, Omisa, 'me U Potlakele ho Ngaka"]
    Type -->|"3. Khoele e Metsoeng, Khoele, Khoele, kapa Ribone"| StringRule["LE KA mohla U SE Hlōle Leqeba Ho Tsoa Molomong Kapa Anus (Ho Hula lisakha ka Mala)"]
    StringRule --> StringVet["Fokotsa Sekhahla sa Anal Hafeela se Hlokahala (Tlohela 5 ho isa ho 10 cm ka Ntle) 'me U Potlakele ho Ngaka"]

Emergency 1: Feline true lily nephrotoxicity (Lilium le Hemerocallis mefuta)¶

Ho toxicology ea bongaka ba liphoofolo, ** likhahla tsa 'nete ** (Lilium mefuta) le daylilies (Hemerocallis mefuta) li emela kotsi e le 'ngoe e bolaeang ka ho fetisisa ea botanical ho likatse tse ruuoang lapeng lefatšeng ka bophara. Le hoja lintja, mebutlanyana le batho ba ka hlafuna likhahla tsa 'nete ntle le letho le lebe ho feta ho halefisoa ke mpa ho bonolo, ho itšehla thajana, likatse li na le tsela e ikhethang ea sebete le ea renal e fetolang motsoako o qhibilihang ke metsi ka har'a likhahla tsa' nete hore e be ** nephrotoxin ** (chefo ea liphio) e senyang. Metabolite ena e lebisa tlhokomelo le ho senya **lisele tsa proximal renal tubular epithelial ** le ho senya ts'ebetso ea renal mitochondrial, e bakang ho hloleha ho feletseng, ho ke keng ha khutlisoa **anuric acute liphio ho hloleha ha liphio ** nakong ea lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 72.

Hobaneng esita le lithollo tse 'maloa tsa peo e phofo ea khahla kapa ho noa metsi a vase ho bolaea¶

Beng ba bangata ba likatse ba nahana hore katse e tlameha ho ja palesa eohle kapa lekhasi hore e be chefo. Ha e le hantle, karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea likhahla tsa 'nete kapa li-daylily li bolaea katse ka bongata bo sa bonahaleng:

• Ho hlafuna lekhasi le le leng kapa petal: Ho loma esita le liperesente tse 10 tsa lekhasi le le leng kapa lehlaku la palesa ho fana ka tekanyo e bolaeang ea nephrotoxic.
• Ho feta sehlopha le ho nyeka peō e phofshoana boea: Lipalesa tsa lily tsa 'nete li hlahisa peō e ngata, e khomarelang, e 'mala o mosehla oa lamunu** e phoroselang holim'a tafole ebe e khomarela litelu, lintši kapa maroo a katse ha katse e feta pitsaneng. Ha katse e itlhoekisa ka mor'a metsotso e seng mekae, ho nyeka lithollo tse seng kae feela tsa peo e phofo ea likhahla seaparong sa eona ho baka ho hloleha ho bolaeang liphio. (Tlhokomeliso: Esita le haeba setsebi sa lipalesa se ile sa phunya li-anther tse nang le peō e phofshoana pele a li rekisa, mahlaku, makhasi, likutu le linkho tsa metsi li lula li le kotsi ka karolo ea 100 lekholong).
• Ho noa metsi ka nkhong ea lipalesa: Kaha lily nephrotoxin e qhibiliha metsing, e tsoa ka har'a kutu ea palesa e sehiloeng e ea ka har'a nkho ea metsi. Katse e nkang metsotsoana e seng mekae ea metsi ka har'a vase e tšoereng likhahla e noa mokelikeli o nang le chefo ea liphio.

Identification Botanical: True Nephrotoxic Lilies vs. Non-Nephrotoxic "Lily" Look-Alikes¶

Hobane limela tse ngata tse sa amaneng li na le lentsoe "lily" ka lebitso la tsona le tloaelehileng la Senyesemane, ho khetholla mofuta o nepahetseng oa botanical ho etsa qeto ea hore na katse ea hau e tobane le ho hloleha ha liphio, ho tšoaroa ke pelo, kapa ho teneha ha molomo. Ha u na le pelaelo, tšoara ho pepeseha ha khahla e le khahla ea 'nete ho fihlela ngaka ea liphoofolo kapa setsebi sa limela se paka ho fapaneng.

Mokhahlelo oa 3 oa thetso oa nako ea kliniki le fensetere ea ho pholoha ea lihora tse 18¶

Ntho e bohloko ka ho fetisisa ea chefo ea likhaba tsa lily ke **nako ea ho hlaphoheloa ea bohata **: ka mor'a ho hlatsa ka lekhetlo la pele, katse e sebetsa ka ho feletseng lihora tse 12 ho isa ho tse 24 ha lisele tsa liphio tsa eona li shoa ka khutso. Beng ba ho ema ho fihlela katse e shebahala e kula ka Letsatsi la 2 ba fihla ka mor'a hore liphio li se li koalehile:

1. Mohato oa 1: Mokhahlelo o Hlollang oa Gastrointestinal (lihora tse 0 ho isa ho tse 6 ka mor'a ho pepeseha): Nakong ea metsotso e 30 ho isa ho lihora tse 3 ka mor'a ho nyeka peō kapa ho hlafuna petal, katse ea rotha, e ntšitse makoeba ka hanong, e hlatsa semela kapa lefulo le lesoeu, ebe e ipata ka tlas'a bethe. **Ka lihora tse 4 ho isa ho tse 6, ho hlatsa hoa emisa 'me hangata katse e bonahala e khutlela ho tloaelehileng ea 100 lekholong **, e leng se etsang hore beng ba bona ba lumele hore kotsi e fetile.
2. Mohato oa 2: Mokhahlelo o Khutsitseng oa Polyuric Tubular Necrosis (lihora tse 12 ho isa ho tse 24 ka mor'a ho pepeseha): Ka har'a liphio, lisele tsa "proximal tubular epithelial" li tsoa ka har'a lera le ka tlase 'me li etsa li-granular cast tse koalang li-nephrone. Ka ntle, katse e qala ** ho ntša metsi ka bongata bo boholo ba moroto o hlapollang, o nang le metsi (polyuria)** hobane li-tubules tse senyehileng ha li sa khona ho tsepamisa moroto, 'me li ntse li felloa ke metsi butle-butle le ho khathala. Ts'ebetso ea mali e nkiloeng lihora tse 18 ho isa ho tse 24 e senola ho phahama ho hoholo creatinine (hangata e phahame ka tsela e sa lekanyetsoang ho feta BUN qalong), SDMA, potassium, le phosphorus, ha urinalysis e bontša epithelial casts, glucosuria (tsoekere morotong ho sa tsotellehe tsoekere e tloaelehileng ea mali), le proteinuria.
3. Mohato oa 3: Phase ea Oliguric / Anuric Renal Failure (lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 72 ka mor'a ho pepeseha): Hang ha li-tubular li thibela ka ho feletseng li-nephrons le ho phalla ha mali a renal ho oa, katse e khaotsa ho hlahisa moroto ka ho feletseng (** anuria **). Chefo ea uremic e bokellana ka potlako maling, e bakang moea o mobe oa ammonia, liso tsa molomo tse tsoang mali, ho hlatsa ho sa phekoleheng, hyperkalemia e matla (e emisang pelo), ho tsietsana ha uremic, le lefu ka lihora tse 36 ho isa ho tse 72.
4. Hobaneng Window ea Lihora tse 6 ho isa ho tse 18 e Fetola Pholoho ho tloha ho 90% ho ea ho <10%: Hobane chefo ea lily e siea lesela le ka tlase la renal tubular le tiile** nakong ea lihora tse 12 ho isa ho tse 18, ho qala ka intravenous crystalloid fluid diuresis (ka 2 ho isa ho tse 3 ka makhetlo a 2 ho isa ho tse 3) chefo e tsoa 'me e lumella lisele tsa li-tubular tse ntseng li le teng ho inchafatsa ho pholletsa le lera le tiileng la kamore e ka tlaase, ho fana ka ** e fetang liphesente tse 90 tsa ho pholoha ka ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea nako e telele ea liphio **. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba phekolo e lieha ho fihlela ** anuria ** e hlaha ka mor'a lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 36, ho pholoha ho theoha ho ** ka tlase ho karolo ea 10 ho ea ho karolo ea 20 lekholong ** ntle le haeba katse e e-na le "hemodialysis" ea bongaka ba liphoofolo kapa peritoneal dialysis ** bakeng sa libeke tse 1 ho isa ho tse 2 ha li-tubules tsa liphio li tsosolosoa.

Boemo ba Tšohanyetso 2: Feline permethrin toxicosis (letsetse la ntja le meriana ea tick e sebelisoang ho likatse)¶

Permethrin (hammoho le mofuta oa maiketsetso oa mofuta oa I le mofuta oa II o amanang le pyrethroids joalo ka phenothrin, etofenprox, cyphenothrin, le deltamethrin) ke sesosa se atileng haholo sa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e kotsi, e behang bophelo kotsing le lefu la sethoathoa ka har'a likatse. Le hoja li-pyrethrins ** tsa tlhaho tse ntšitsoeng lipalesa tsa chrysanthemum li senyeha ka potlako letsatsing 'me li mamelloa maemong a tlaase (<0.2 lekholong), synthetic **permethrin ** e entsoe bakeng sa botsitso ba nako e telele' me e etsoa ka likhahla tse kholo (**45 lekholong ho ea ho karolo ea 65 lekholong ea permethrin counter) ka har'a li-tubes tse ngata. (joaloka K9 Advantix II, Vectra 3D, Sergeants, Hartz UltraGuard bakeng sa Lintja, le PetArmor Plus bakeng sa Lintja).

Ke hobane'ng ha lerotholi le le leng la meriana ea letsetse la ntja le bakang ho thothomela ho matla katse¶

Liphoofolo tse anyesang hangata li ntša chefo ea pyrethroid ester ka potlako sebeteng ka ester hydrolysis e lateloang ke glucuronide conjugation. Likatse tsa malapeng (Felis catus), leha ho le joalo, li na le phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho **UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A6) gene **, ho bolelang hore sebete sa feline ha se khone ho sebelisa glucuronidating permethrin.

Permethrin e se nang metabolid e potoloha ka bolokolohi tsamaisong ea methapo ea katse e bohareng le ea peripheral, moo e tlamang ho voltage-gated sodium (\(\text{Na}^+\)) likanale holim'a li-axon tsa methapo ebe e li notlela **e bulehileng, boemo ba depolarized **. Ho e-na le ho thunya lets'oao le le leng la motlakase le ho tsosolosa, mothapo o mong le o mong 'meleng oa katse o tuka ka makhetlo a mangata ka ho phatloha ho sa feleng, ho baka ho tsieleha ho sa khaotseng ha mesifa ea' mele (ho thothomela), ho tsieleha ho hoholo, rhabdomyolysis (ho robeha ha mesifa), le hyperthermia e bolaeang e fetang $ 41 text. }42.0^\circ\text{C}$ (\(106^\circ\text{F}\text{ho }108^\circ\text{F}\)).

Maemo a tloaelehileng a ho pepeseha ha feline permetrin¶

1. Tšebeliso e sa lebelloang e tobileng: Mong'a ntlo o reka mekotla e mengata ea lintja, o arola tšupu ea ntja e khōlō pakeng tsa ntja le katse ho boloka chelete, kapa o bala hampe lebokose le nang le setšoantšo se senyenyane sa ntja hukung.
2. Ho ikamahanya ha bobeli le ntja e sa tsoa phekoloa: Ntja ea lapeng e phekoloa pakeng tsa mahare a mahetla ka tšupu e nang le permethrin, 'me katse ea lelapa e hohoma ka boea bo metsi ba ntja kapa e koetlisetsa ntja nakong ea lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 48. Haeba u sebelisa marotholi a letsetse a permethrin ho ntja ea hau, u tlameha ho arola ntja ea hau le katse ka likamoreng tse fapaneng lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 48 ho fihlela sebaka sa kopo se omme ka liperesente tse 100.

Mohato ka mohato bate ea ho tlosa letlalo la letlalo lapeng (Lukewarm Dish Soap Protocol)¶

Haeba katse ea hau e ntse e elelloa, 'me e sa tsitse, ** ho hlatsoa koloi e mafura a permethrin letlalong la katse pele e khanna ho ea ngakeng ** e emisa ho monya ha letlalo ho tsoa letamong la boea (haeba katse e se e ntse e ferekana ka mokhoa o sa laoleheng, u se ke ua ipeha kotsing ea ho khangoa ke katse ka har'a sekoting sa ho teba; anticonvulsants pele ebe o hlatsoa katse tafoleng ea kalafo):

1. Apara liatlana tsa rabara kapa tsa nitrile 'me u tlatse sinki kapa beisine ka lisenthimithara tse seng kae tsa metsi a foofo.
2. Tla sesepa sa metsi se bonolo sa ho hlatsoa lijana ka kotloloho sebakeng se mafura mokokotlong oa molala/mahetleng a katse pele u e koloba, tlotsa hantle ka metsi a foofo ho tlotsa oli, 'me u hlatsoe hole le mahlo le molomo oa katse.
3. **Pheta ho hlatsoa sesepa ka makhetlo a 2 ho isa ho a 3 ** ho fihlela ho se na mafura kapa monko oa lik'hemik'hale o setseng boea kapa letlalo.
4. **Omisa katse hantle ka thaole ** ka lithaole tse peli tse teteaneng, tse omeletseng e le hore katse e se ke ea chesa ha e khanna, beha katse ka har'a sejari, 'me ** khanna ka kotloloho ho ea sepetlele sa bongaka sa tšohanyetso sa lihora tse 24 ** leha katse e shebahala e tloaelehile (matšoao a ka qala kae kapa kae ho tloha ** hora e 1 ho isa ho lihora tse 72 ** kamora ho pepeseha).

Phekolo ea sepetlele sa bongaka ba liphoofolo: Methocarbamol le Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (ILE)¶

Sepetleleng sa bongaka ba liphoofolo, litlhare tse tloaelehileng tsa ho ts'oaroa joalo ka diazepam (Valium) feela hangata li hloleha ho emisa ho thothomela ha permetrin hobane permetrin e sebetsa ka kotloloho mecheng ea sodium ea methapo ea kutlo. Lingaka tsa liphoofolo li sebelisa protocol e lebisitsoeng ea likarolo tse 3 tsa ICU:

• Intravenous Methocarbamol (Robaxin): Sethethefatsi se khethiloeng bakeng sa ho thothomela ha feline permethrin. Methocarbamol ke ntho e khathollang mesifa ea masapo e thibelang li-polysynaptic reflexes ka har'a lesapo la mokokotlo, e emisa ho ferekana ha mesifa ka mor'a metsotso e seng mekae (\(55\text{ho }220\text{mg/kg}\) IV bolus ho sebetsa, kapa e le infusion e tsoelang pele, e sa feteng \(330/day\)). Haeba 'nete ea cortical seizures e etsahala hammoho le ho thothomela, levetiracetam (Keppra), phenobarbital, kapa propofol anesthesia e eketsoa.
• Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (ILE / 20% Intralipid): Hobane permethrin e na le lipophilic (mafura a qhibilihang) ka \(\log P\) ea \(6.5\), e kenya emulsion e nyopa ea 20% ea oli ea soya ka methapo e theha mafura ka har'a methapo **"lipopi tse kenang maling" limolek'hule tsa permethrin tse tsoang bokong le methapong ea mokokotlo, ho khutsufatsa nako ea ho kena sepetlele ka karolo ea 50 lekholong.
• Thermoregulation le maro a IV: Mekelikeli ea crystalloid e kenang ka har'a methapo e ntša liprotheine tse senyang mesifa (myoglobin) ka liphio ha basebetsi ba lekola mocheso oa rectum metsotso e meng le e meng e 30, ba pholisa katse ka matla haeba mocheso o feta \(39.7^\circ\text{C}\) ($103.5^\circing\text) \(39.2^\circ\text{C}\) (\(102.5^\circ\text{F}\)) le ho bea katse likobong tse futhumatsang ho thibela rebound hypothermia (e bakang hape ho thothomela ha permethrin). Ka ho hlapa kapele le tlhokomelo ea bongaka ba liphoofolo ICU, karolo e fetang 90 lekholong ea likatse li fola ka ho feletseng nakong ea lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 72.

Tšohanyetso 3: 'mele oa kantle o koetsoeng (khoele, khoele, linale tsa ho rōka, khoele, lente le thapo)¶

Ke hobane'ng ha katse e sa khone ho tšoela khoele hang ha e qala ho e hlafuna? Karolo e ka holimo ea leleme la katse e koahetsoe ke makholo-kholo a mokokotlo o thata, o kobehileng morao oa keratin o bitsoang filiform papillae, o sebetsang joaloka lihoko tsa Velcro tse etselitsoeng ho hula nama masapong le boea bo hlephileng. Nako eo katse e nyekang ntlha ea khoele ea ho roka, floss ea meno, khoele, lente le harelaneng le thatelang limpho, lesela la sefate sa Keresemese, khoele ea balune, kapa lesela la selakha, maleme a shebileng morao a hokela khoele ebe e e hokela morao ka mokhoa o ke keng oa thijoa ho ea koroneng ka monyo o mong le o mong.

Fisiks ea ho buoa ea ho kopanya mala: hobaneng ho hula khoele ho bolaea katse¶

Ho fapana le 'mele oa kantle o chitja (joalo ka sefaha sa polasetiki kapa bolo ea rabara) e koalang mala sebakeng se le seng, 'mele osele oa kantle (khoele) o baka tšenyo e mpe ea mochini ka anchor-and-peristalsis plication:

1. ** The Anchor Point **: Karolo e le 'ngoe ea khoele e ts'oareloa ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa sebōpeho, hangata ** e phuthetsoe ho pota-pota motheo (frenulum) tlas'a leleme la katse ** (hoo e ka bang karolo ea 50 lekholong ea likatse) kapa e pota-potiloe ** pylorus ** (valve ea ho tsoa ka mesifa ea mpa).
2. Peristaltic Accordion Plication: Le hoja ntlha e ka pele ea khoele e tsitsitse e eme ka tlas'a leleme kapa ka mpeng, maqhubu a kang a maqhubu a mesifa (peristalsis) a mala a manyenyane a leka ho sutumelletsa bolelele ba khoele ho theosa le kolone. Kaha khoele ha e khone ho ea pele, mala a manyenyane kaofela ** aa hloa ebe a itšohlometsa ka har'a khoele ea taut joalo ka kharetene e monate kapa accordion **, boemo bo sokelang bophelo bo bitsoang ** intestinal plication **.
3. The Mesenteric "Cheese-Wire" Sawing Effect: Ha loops e boreleli ea mala a manyane e hohlana ka thata le ho feta khahlano le khoele ea lehare-taut e mathang ka har'a mokokotlo o ka hare (mesenteric border) ea mala, khoele e phunyeletsa ka kotloloho leboteng la mala libakeng tse ngata ka nako e le 'ngoe, baktheria e phallang ka har'a sefuba. septic peritonitis ka mor'a lihora tse seng kae.

Matšoao a kliniki a 'mele osele o patiloeng (le tlhahlobo ea puo e tlase)¶

Hobane likatse li atisa ho metsa khoele eohle ntle le ho siea ntlha e bonahalang e leketlile ka molomong, katse leha e le efe e hlahisang ka ho hlatsa ho matla, e pheta-phetoang e tlameha ho hlahlojoa ** ka tlas'a leleme la eona **.

Hobaneng ho khaola khoele ka tlas'a leleme HASE pheko e ikemetseng¶

Ka linako tse ling, ngaka ea liphoofolo ea tšohanyetso e tla fumana khoele e phuthetsoeng ka tlas'a leleme la katse e hlatsang. Leha e le maemong a sa tloaelehang, ngaka ea liphoofolo e ka 'na ea hlaba katse ka opereishene ka mokelikeli oa IV bakeng sa lihora tse 12 ho isa ho tse 24 ka li-X-rays ho bona hore na khoele e lokolotsoeng e tla khaoloa hang-hang ebe e fetela ka mala, haeba katse e bontša bohloko ba ka mpeng, feberu, ho hlatsa ho sa feleng, (enterotomy) ke tlamaha pele khoele e phunyeletsa ka maleng a ka tlaase.

Lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa¶

Katse eaka e ile ea khoahlapisa palesa ea khahla 'me ea fumana peo e phofo e tšehla nkong ea eona, eaba ea e nyeka. Na ke hlile ke hloka ngaka ea bongaka ea tšohanyetso haeba a sa hlafuna lekhasi?¶

E, hang-hang. Likatseng, karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea khahla ea 'nete (Easter, Tiger, Asiatic, Oriental, Stargazer, kapa Daylily) e bolaea, ho kopanyelletsa le lithollo tse seng kae feela tsa peo e phofo e tšehla e nyetsoeng boea kapa metsi a seng makae a tsoang nkhong ea lipalesa. Hlakola peō leha e le efe e setseng jaseng ea katse ea hau ka lesela le mongobo le sesepa sa lijo tse bobebe, 'me u mo ise ngakeng ea tšohanyetso ea lihora tse 24 nakong ea lihora tse 6 ho isa ho tse 18. Ho qala lihora tse 48 tsa phekolo ea mokelikeli pele lisele tsa liphio li shoa ho mo fa monyetla o fetang liphesente tse 90 oa ho phela ka ho feletseng, athe ho ema lihora tse 24 ho fihlela a kula ho batla ho bolaea.

Ke hobane'ng ha katse ea ka e ile ea qala ho sisinyeha ka matla le ho thothomela ka mor'a hore ke behe marotholi a letsetse holim'a ntja ea ka?¶

Matsetse a lintja tse ngata tse rekisoang ka theko e tlaase le tse fanoang ke ngaka le li-tubes tsa ho petetsa li-tick li na le karolo ea 45 ho isa ho 65 lekholong e concentrated permetrin (kapa li-pyrethroids tse amanang le tsona). Hobane likatse li haelloa ke enzyme ea sebete (UGT1A6) e hlokahalang ho senya permethrin, esita le chelete e nyane e nyetsoeng molaleng oa ntja e sa tsoa phekoloa kapa e kenngoa ka phoso ho katse e notlela likanale tsa sodium ea methapo ea katse e bulehile, e bakang ho sisinyeha ha tsebe, ho thothomela ha matsoho, ho thothomela ho matla ha 'mele oohle, ho tsietsana le ho chesa ho feteletseng. Hlatsoa katse hang-hang ka metsi a foofo le sesepa sa ho hlatsoa lijana se nang le metsi (le ka mohla ho se ke ha e-ba le metsi a chesang) 'me u potlakele ho ngaka ea liphoofolo ea tšohanyetso bakeng sa phekolo ea methocarbamol le lipid emulsion therapy.

Ke hobane'ng ha ke sa lokela ho hula khoele kapa thaole e leketlileng ka ntle ho marako kapa molomong oa katse ea ka?¶

Ha katse e metsa khoele, khoele, khoele, kapa lente, ntlha e le 'ngoe e atisa ho itsetsepela ho pota-potile karolo e ka tlaase ea leleme kapa ho tsoa ka mpeng ha mala a tloaelehileng a honyela a bokella mala a manyenyane holim'a khoele joalo ka accordion e pleated. Ho hula ntlha e hlaheletseng ka lisenthimithara ho etsa hore khoele e ka hare ea taut e sebetse joaloka terata ea chisi, e phunyeletsa ka ho toba maboteng a matle a mala a manyenyane libakeng tse ngata 'me e baka lefu la septic peritonitis. Le ka mohla u se ke ua hula khoele; fokotsa ntlha e telele e hulanyang ho fihla ho 5 ho isa ho 10 centimeters (2 ho isa ho 4 inches) ha ho hlokahala 'me u ee ngakeng ea liphoofolo ka kotloloho.

Na Likhahla tsa Khotso, Likhahla tsa Calla, kapa Likhahla tsa Peruvia (Alstroemeria) li bolaea likatse joalo ka Easter kapa Stargazer Lilies?¶

Che, leha ba ntse ba hloka tlhokomelo. Likhahla tsa 'nete (mefuta ea Lilium e kang Easter, Tiger, Asiatic, Oriental, le Stargazer lilies) le Daylilies (mofuta oa Hemerocallis) li baka ho hlōleha ha liphio tse bolaeang likatse. Likhahla tsa khotso le likhahla tsa Calla hase likhahla tsa 'nete; li na le likristale tse nyenyane tse kang nale tse kang insoluble calcium oxalate tse bakang ho chesa ha molomo hang-hang, ho kokota sefahlehong le ho rotha (tse phekoloang ka ho hlatsoa molomo ka lebese kapa metsi), ntle le ho senya liphio. Likhahla tsa Peru (Alstroemeria) li baka ho ferekana ha mpa feela. Leha ho le joalo, Lily of the Valley (Convallaria majalis) e na le chefo e bolaeang ea pelo e ka emisang pelo ea katse, kahoo kamehla netefatsa mofuta oa semela le ngaka ea liphoofolo.

Mehloli e hlahlobiloe¶

• Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Thibelo ea Bokhopo ho Liphoofolo (ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, United States): * Feline Nephrotoxicity ea Lilium le Hemerocallis Species le Clinical Management ea Feline Permethrin Toxicosis *.
• Tlhokomelo ea Katse ea Machaba (iCatCare) / Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Feline Medicine (ISFM, United Kingdom): *ISFM Consensus Guidelines on Feline Permethrin Poisoning, Lily Intoxication, le Linear Foreign Body Obstructions *.
• United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States): Likhahla Tse Ratehang le Likatse Tse Boheleng: Motsoako o Kotsi le Tšebeliso e Sireletsehileng ea Letsetse le Lihlahisoa tsa Letšoao ho Liphoofolo (Litemoso tsa Permethrin Bakeng sa Likatse).
• Mohala oa Thuso oa Chefo ea Pet (United States le Canada) & Tšebeletso ea Boitsebiso ba Chefo ea Liphoofolo (VPIS, United Kingdom): *Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (ILE) le Methocarbamol Protocols ho Feline Pyrethroid Toxicosis *.
• Merck Veterinary Manual & American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS): Mele ea Kantle ho Mala ka Liphoofolo Tse Nyane: Pathophysiology of Intestinal Plication le Mesenteric Perforation.

Litataiso tse amanang¶

• Chefo ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng le ho ja chefo: taolo ea tšohanyetso
• Ntja e jele xylitol, chokolete, morara, kapa meriana ea batho: toxicity triage
• Thibelo ea urethral ea feline (katse e koetsoeng) le ho holofala ho hoholo ha phoofolo ea lapeng
• Ntja kapa katse e khangoang: phoofolo ea lapeng Heimlich le CPR
• Linomoro tsa maemo a tshohanyetso ho ea ka linaha