Sekoahelo sa Letamo la Letamo: Hobaneng Likobo tse Phaphamang le Liphoofolo tsa Mariha tse sa Bolthang e le Maraba a Lethal Suffocation¶

Ho ngoana e monyenyane, ngoana e monyenyane, kapa ntja ea lelapa, sekoahelo sa "polyethylene solar" se koahetsoeng ("kobo ea letsatsi")** kapa sekotla sa mariha se boima ba tarp se pharalletseng letangoana la ho sesa se shebahala joaloka 'mete o tiileng, o boputsoa bo boputsoa oo u ka o tšelang. Ha e le hantle, likoahelo tsa matangoana a phaphametseng a metsi le li-tarp tse hlephileng tsa mariha ke tse ling tsa maraba a bolaeang, a ke keng a qojoa a ho khangoa ke metsi le ho bipetsana a etselitsoeng lehae. Ho fapana le ho oela ka metsing a bulehileng: moo ngoana kapa motho ea sesang a ka rahelang holim'a metsi, a tšoara letamo, kapa a hemela holimo: **ho hata holim'a sekoaelo se phaphametseng sa bubble ea letsatsi kapa sekoahelo sa mariha se thellang ho etsa hore pampiri ea polasetiki e tetebele ka tlas'a boima ba motho ea hlasetsoeng ha mapheo a pota-potileng a phaphametse kapa a thellela ka hare, a phuthela motho ea hlasetsoeng ka har'a "cocomper" ea metsi. polasetiki **. Nakong ea metsotsoana e 2, metsi a tšolohela ka holim'a sekoahelo se tepeletseng ha khatello ea hydrostatic e tsoang letamong la metsi ka tlase e hatella polasetiki e tenyetsehang ka thata khahlanong le sefahleho, sefuba le maoto a motho ea hlasetsoeng, ho etsa hore ho se khonehe ho sesa ho ea pele, ho fihla moeling oa letamo, kapa ho sutumetsa sekoaelo ho tloha ka tlase.

Ho hobe le ho feta, mekhoa e mengata e bolaeang ea letsatsi e etsahala nakong eo batho ba baholo ba sesang ka har'a letamo le "sa koaheloa" (ka kobo ea letsatsi e phuthoang pheletsong e tebileng kapa pheletsong e sa tebang), moo motho ea qoelang ka tlas'a metsi ka tlas'a letlapa la polasetiki e phaphametseng 'me a koaletsoe ka ntle ho bokatlase ba kobo. Haeba ngoana, motho e moholo, kapa phoofolo ea lapeng e qabeletsoe ka hare kapa ka tlas'a letamo la ho sesa, motsotsoana o mong le o mong oa bohlokoa: kotsi e ke keng ea etsolloa bokong e qala nakong ea metsotso e 3 ho isa ho e 5. Hang-hang hoeletsa hore motho e mong a letsetse sebakeng sa heno dinomoro tsa tshohanyetso (911 United States le Canada, 999 United Kingdom, 112 ho pholletsa le European Union, le 000 Australia), hula kapa u hahola sekoahelo sohle ho tloha mokatong oa pele pele u qhomela ka lesakeng, 'me u qale Rescue Breathing + CPR hang ha e ntšoa. U lokela hape ho hlahloba litataiso tsa rona ho ho khangoa ke metsi le ho ts'oaroa ha hypoxic, letamo la ho sesa le khangoa ke metsi le ho khangoa ke motlakase, le CPR ea bana le batho ba baholo.

Etsa sena hona joale¶

Haeba u bona ngoana, motho e moholo, kapa ntja e qoela ka har'a sekoaelo sa letamo la letsatsi le phaphametseng, e tabohile ka har'a letamo la mariha, kapa e le sieo haufi le letangoana la ho sesa le koahetsoeng:

1. Sheba Tlas'a Sekoaelo sa Letamo Pele (Ka Metsotsoana e 5) Neng kapa neng ha Ngoana a Hloka:

   Ngoana ea qabeletsoeng ka tlas'a kobo e phaphametseng ea letsatsi kapa ka tlas'a terepe e teteaneng ea mariha hangata o baka ** ho phatloha ho hoholo, ho hoeletsa ho se letho, 'me hoo e ka bang ho se na leqhubu le bonahalang** ka mor'a hore sekoahelo se thelle holim'a metsi.

   U se ke ua senya metsotso e 10 u batla liphaposi tsa ho robala pele: ** mathela ka ho toba letamong la ho sesa, hula kobo ea letsatsi kapa sekoahelo sa mariha ka ho feletseng ho pepesa karolo ea 100 lekholong ea bokatlase ba letamo (ho kenyeletsoa le moqomo o tebileng oa metsi)**, 'me u hlahlobe ka har'a bate efe kapa efe e chesang e ka morao ea ntlo kapa spa.

2. Hula Sekoaelo se Felletseng sa Solar se phaphametseng ka Letamong Ho Tloha Tekong ea Konkreite PELE U Tlolela ka hare:

   Hobaneng ho qhomela ka kotloloho holim'a sekoaelo sa letsatsi ho ka bolaea motho ea hlokofalitsoeng le mopholosi: Haeba u ka tlola ho tloha mokatong oa letamo ho ea fihla bohareng ba sekoaelo se phaphametseng sa bubble ea polyethylene kapa sekoahelo sa mariha se sa koaloang, boima ba 'mele oa hau bo tsamaisa kholomo ea bobeli ea lik'hilograma tse 500 (liponto tse 1,100) ea metsi ebe o phuthela ka holim'a letamo le omileng ** uena le ngoana** ka har'a lesela la polasetiki le mekato e 'meli.

   The 3-Second Deck-Pull Technique: Ema mokatong o tiileng oa letamo, tšoara ntlha e haufinyane ea sekoaelo sa letsatsi se phaphametseng ka matsoho a mabeli, 'me hula ka mabifi le ho hlobolisa kobo eohle ea polasetiki ka letsoho holim'a deske (kapa u kenye mofeng oa solar reel ka lebelo le phahameng haeba u le khomaretse) ho bula hlooho ka metsi.

3. Haeba Mohlaseluoa a Chesoa ka tlas'a Tarp e boima ea Mariha e boima ba Li-tubes tsa Metsi, Lahla lehlakore 'me u Khaole ka Thipa:

   Haeba motho ea hlokofalitsoeng a oetse holim'a vinyl e tiileng kapa polyethylene e lohiloeng **seile sa mariha se ts'oaroang ke li-tubes/bags **, raha kapa u theole liphaephe tsa metsi tse haufi le moeli oa tere mme **hula ntlha ea tarp ho khutlela mokatong oa sekepe ho bula mocha o hlakileng oa metsi **, KAPA sebelisa sesepa sa metsi ka kichineng, thipa, thipa, thipa kapa thipa. bula ka holim'a hlooho ea motho ea hlasetsoeng ha u ntse u tšoere ntlha e sehiloeng hore e se ke ea teba.

4. Haeba U Lokela ho Kena ka Metsing Ha Karolo e 'ngoe ea Sekoahelo e Ntse e Ntse, Kena FEELA ka Metsing a Hlakileng a Hlakileng 'me U Sese KA TLAS'A NTLE ho Leka ho Ntša Lehlatsipa:

   Haeba sekoaelo se seholo sa khoebo kapa se boima sa mariha se le boima haholo hore se ka hula letamo ka metsotsoana e 3, ** hula sekoahelo se le seng ho khutlela mokatong ho etsa sebaka sa 2-to-3-metres (6-to-10-foot) sa metsi a bulehileng a 100% **, qhomela ka maoto pele ho seo **sebaka sa metsi se bulehileng **b (o seke oa theohela ka tlas'a sekoahelo sa polasetiki) maphaka kapa thekeng, ebe o a hulela morao sebakeng se bulehileng sa metsi.

5. Qala Mehato e 5 ea Pele ea Pholoso e Lateletsoeng Hang-hang ke 30:2 CPR (U SE KE UA Leka ho "Pump Metsi ka Pelong"):

   Ho fapana le ho ts'oaroa ha pelo ka tšohanyetso ha motlakase moo mali a ntseng a tletse oksijene, ho koaheloa ka sekoahelo sa metsi ke asphyxial (hypoxic) cardiac arrest e ka sehloohong: pelo ea mohlaseluoa e ile ea ema feela hobane oksijene matšoafong a bona le phallo ea mali e theohetse ho lefela.

   Hang ha u hula ngoana ea sa arabeleng, ea sa hemang kapa motho e moholo holim'a mokatong oa metsi:

   ** Bula tsela ea moea ** (hlooho-tilt / chin-lift) 'me hang-hang u fane ka **2 ho 5 phefumoloho e atlehang ea pholoso ** (ho shebella sefuba se bonahala se phahama; European Resuscitation Council le Australian / NZ tataiso e hlalosa **5 phefumoloho ea pele ea pholoso ** bakeng sa ho khangoa ke metsi pele ho likhatello tsa sefuba, ha tataiso ea AHA e etelletsa pele hang-hang ** 2 phefumoloho ea pholoso * 30 .

   Le ka mohla u se ke ua etsa Heimlich maneuver (ho tsubella ka mpeng) kapa ho lebisa motho ea hlasetsoeng holimo hore a "ntše metsi matšoafong": ho etsa joalo ho liehisa ho fana ka oksijene le ho qobella bokahare ba mpa ho trachea.

   Tsoela pele ** 30 sefuba compressions ho 2 pholoso phefumoloho ** (kapa ** 15: 2 ** haeba bapholosi ba babeli ba koetlisitsoeng ba tšoara ngoana / lesea) 'me u sebelise **Automated External Defibrillator (AED) ** hang ha motho a fihla (ho hlakola sefuba se omme pele o khomarela liphahlo).

6. Sepalangoang ho Mohlaseluoa e Mong le e Mong ea Pholositsoeng ho ea Lefapheng la Tšohanyetso (Leha a Khohlela, a Tsoha, 'me a Itšoare ka Tsela e Tloaelehileng):

   Ngoana leha e le ofe kapa motho e moholo ea ileng a qoelisoa ka tlas'a sekoahelo sa letamo 'me a hema esita le 1 ho 3 milliliters ka kilogram ea metsi a letamo (likhaba tse seng kae feela bakeng sa ngoana e monyenyane) a ka hlaseloa ke alveolar surfactant washout, chemical pneumonitis, le **e liehe tsa pulmonary edema lihora tse 2 ho isa ho tse 8 hamorao **. Motho e mong le e mong ea ileng a qoelisoa tlas'a metsi a khohlela, a halefile, a hloka phefumoloho ea pholoso, kapa a lahlehetsoe ke kelello o tlameha ho hlahlojoa lefapheng la tšohanyetso la sepetlele bakeng sa ** bonyane lihora tse 4 ho isa ho tse 8 ** ka pulse oximetry le radiograph ea sefuba.

Sefate sa qeto: sekoaelo sa letamo se koaletsoeng pholoso le ho khangoa ke metsi¶

flowchart TD
    Start["LETAO LA SEKOAHELONG KAPA NGOANA EA lahlehileng HAUFI LE LETAO LE A KHIHELEHANG"] --> MissingCheck{"Na motho ea hlokofalitsoeng o bonahala a qabeletsoe/ka tlas'a sekoahelo: kapa ha a eo haufi le letamo?"}

    MissingCheck -->|Missing Child / Unclear Location| StripCoverNow["HLOLA KA HO PHETHA KA METSOTSOTSO E 5: Hula kobo ea letsatsi kapa sekoaelo sa mariha ho tloha 100% ho tloha letamong: ho hlahloba letamo lohle le metsi a tebileng"]

    MissingCheck -->|Victim Visibly Trapped on Top of or Under Cover| CoverType{"Ke mofuta ofe oa sekoaelo sa letamo se amehang?"}
    StripCoverNow --> CoverType

    CoverType -->|Floating Solar Bubble Blanket: (Unanchored polyethylene sheet)| DeckHaul["TLOSA KOBO E TSOHLE HO TSOA KA TEKENG: 1. Hoeletsa hore motho a letsetse 911 / 999 / 112 / 000: 2. LE KA mohla u se ke ua qhomela holim'a mokatong oa holim'a polasetiki e phaphametseng: 3. Tšoara kobo mokatong 'me u hule lakane kaofela ka metsing: 4. Qhomela ka holim'a metsi a hloekileng 'me u phahamisetse lehlatsipa holim'a metsi a hloekileng."]

    CoverType -->|Loose Winter Tarp with Water Bags: or Partially Unbolted Safety Cover| SliceOrCorner["PEEL KONA KAPA SLICE TARP + KENA METSI A BOLOTSENG: 1. Raha mekotlana ea metsi ho tloha mokatong oa mokatong & hula haufi le hukung ka morao: 2. Haeba lehlatsipa le khokhothetsoe ka holim'a tarp e tebileng, phula sekontiri ka thipa: 3. Kena FEELA sekheong se hlakileng sa metsi; nanabela tlase ho ntsha phofu"]

    DeckHaul --> AssessVictim{"Na mohlaseluoa ea pholositsoeng o phefumoloha ka tsela e tloaelehileng?"}
    SliceOrCorner --> AssessVictim

    AssessVictim -->|YES: Coughing, Crying, Breathing Adequately| RecoveryPos["KAMOR'A HO SUBMERSION TRANSPORT MEDICAL TRANSPORT: 1. Beha sebakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ka morao e le hore mahlatsa / metsi a tsoe ka bolokolohi: 2. Tlosa liaparo tse metsi, phuthela ka likobo tse futhumetseng tse omeletseng: 3. Lipalangoang ho ea Sepetlele ED bakeng sa 4-8 hour pulmonary edema monitoring."]

    AssessVictim -->|NO: Unresponsive, Limp, Blue, or Gasping| StartDrowningCPR["HO TSOSOA HA HO KHAOA KA HO KHAOA (U SE KE U TŠA MATŠOAFO): 1. Tsela e butsoeng ea moea (ho seka-hlooho/phahamisa selelu) 'me u fane ka 2 ho 5 RECUE BREATHS: (Moea oa moea ke oa Bohlokoa #1 ho ts'oaroa ha metsi a hypoxic): 2. Qala 30 Chest Compressions (15: 2 Breath Repressions) bapholosi/ngoana): 3. Haeba metsi/mahlatsa a tlala molomo, rola ka lehlakore metsotsoana e 2, hlakola, 'me u qale hape: 4. Sefuba se ommeng 'me u khomarele liphahlo tsa AED hang ha li fumaneha."]

Papiso ea boenjiniere: hobaneng mefuta e 3 ho e 4 ea sekoaelo sa letamo e le likotsi tsa ho khangoa ke metsi¶

Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Royal Life Saving Society, le data ea ASTM International e bonts'a karohano e kholo lipakeng tsa nete ea ASTM F1346-Certified Power/Manual Safety Covers le likobo tse tloaelehileng tsa letsatsi kapa lithapo tsa mariha:

1. Papiso ea Mefuta ea Sekoahelo sa Letamo la ho Swimming le Kotsi ea ho Kena¶

Likotsi tse 4 tse bolaeang ka ho fetesisa le mokhoa oa ho li thibela¶

Maemo a 1: Ho Sesa Letamong la "Half-uncovered" (Sefi se ka tlas'a sekoahelo se holim'a metsi)¶

Lehlabuleng le leng le le leng, malapa le bacha ba batla ho qoela ka potlako ntle le ho ipha nako ea ho hula kapa ho hula kobo eohle e phaphametseng ea letsatsi letamo. Ba mena sekoaelo sa letsatsi morao holim'a pheletso e tebileng (kapa pheletsong e sa tebang), ba siea **halofo ea letamo le bulehile le halofo ea letamo e koahetsoe **, ebe ba tlolela ka hare.

• Kamoo Kotsi e Bolaeang e Etsahalang:

  Ngoana, mocha, kapa motho e moholo o qoela ka tlas'a metsi, o sesa seropeng a koetse mahlo a koalehile kapa a le moholi, kapa a lelekisa papali ea letamo e tebileng ka tlase: 'me ka phoso o sesa ho feta mola ka tlas'a kobo e phaphametseng ea letsatsi.

  Ha ba felloa ke moea 'me ba raha ka ho toba khanyeng e khanyang ea letsatsi le khanyang ka polasetiki e putsoa e phatsimang, hlooho ea bona e oela ka tlas'a kobo e phaphametseng ea letsatsi.

  Hobane polyethylene e metsi e khomarela ka thata holim'a metsi ka khatello e holim'a metsi le khatello ea sepakapaka (\(101.3\text{kPa} / 14.7\text{ PSI}\)), u sutumetsa ka ho toba ka hlooho le matsoho a hao feela u phahamisa botoro bo boima ba metsi le polasetiki e hulang ka morao ho sefahleho sa hau ha u leka ho hula moea. Ka lebaka la ho ferekanngoa ke khanya e putsoa, ​​motho ea sesang ha a tsebe hore na ke tsela efe e lebisang moeling oa metsi a bulehileng khahlano le mabota a mararo a koetsoeng a matamo, 'me o khangoa ke metsi nakong ea 60 ho isa ho metsotsoana e 90 ha litho tsa lelapa li lutse sebaka sa limithara tse 3 holim'a mokato.

• Molao o Felletseng oa "All-Off kapa No-Sesa":

  Le ka mohla u se ke ua lumella motho leha e le ofe kapa phoofolo ho kena ka letamong la ho sesa ha sekoahelo sa letsatsi se phaphametseng, sekontiri sa mariha, kapa sekoahelo sa tšireletso se le metsing esita le karolo ea 10 lekholong.

  Pele monoana o le mong o ama metsi, **sekoahelo se feletseng se tlameha ho tlosoa ka karolo ea 100 lekholong holim'a metsi ** (e khutlisetsoe ka ho feletseng holim'a rolara ea eona ka ntle ho sebaka sa letamo kapa e behiloe mokatong ho tloha moeling).

Maemo a 2: "Letamo la Metsi a Pula ka Holimo ho Sekoahelo sa Mariha" Ho Khangoa ke Bana¶

Batsoali ba atisa ho kenya sekoahelo se tiileng sa mariha sa vinyl kapa sekoahelo sa tšireletso se lateloang ka mokhoa o itekanetseng nakong ea hoetla 'me ba ikutloa ba imolohile ka ho feletseng, ho nka hore letamo joale ke bopaki ba bana.

• Kamoo Kotsi e Bolaeang e Etsahalang:

  Pula e le 'ngoe ea lehoetla kapa lehloa le qhibilihang **5 ho isa ho 25 centimeters (2 ho isa ho 10 inches) ea metsi a emeng ** ka har'a sekotlolo se sephara se teteaneng holim'a sekoahelo se tiileng sa mariha.

  Hobane hlooho ea ngoana e monyenyane le 'mele o ka holimo li emela hoo e ka bang **30 lekholong ea boima ba' mele ea hae **, ngoana ea lilemo li 1 ho isa ho tse 3 ea itsamaelang holim'a sekoahelo 'me a leba fatše ho ** lisenthimithara tse 5 feela (2 inches) tsa metsi a pula a emeng ** ha a khone ho itšohlometsa holim'a letamo le thellang, le sa tsitsang la metsi a koahetsoeng ka holimo ** metsi a letamo ka tlase.

• Thibelo e Tlamang:

  Sekoaelo se seng le se seng se tiileng sa letamo la mariha le sekoahelo sa tšireletso se ikemetseng se hlokeha ka molao tlas'a ASTM F1346 ho ba le **pompo ea motlakase e ka tlas'a metsi e ikemetseng ** e lutseng sebakeng se tlaase holim'a sekoahelo ka linako tsohle (kapa liphanele tsa mesh drainage tse hahiloeng) tse bolokang metsi a eme ka holim'a sekoahelo se ka tlase **1.5 centimeters (0.6 inches)

Boemo ba 3: Sekoaelo sa Tšireletseho sa Mesh e sa Busoang Karolo e 'Ngoe kapa Ankora ea Brass e Fokotseng¶

Bofelong ba nako ea selemo kapa mathoasong a hoetla: kapa ha mong'a letamo a hula liliba tse peli kapa tse tharo tse hukung tsa sekoaelo sa ts'ireletso sa letlooeng ho lahlela makhasi, k'hemistri ea letamo la liteko, kapa ho pholosa senqanqane: ka linako tse ling ba siea sekhutlo seo se sa aloa bosiu bo le bong.

• Kamoo Kotsi e Bolaeang e Etsahalang:

  Ngoana kapa ntja ea bohelehele e sutumelletsa hlooho ea eona ka tlas'a sekoahelo sa sekhutlo se hlephileng, se sa ts'oarehang ebe e kena ka metsing a batang ka tlas'a sekoahelo sa letlooeng le thata.

  Ha e se e le ka har'a metsi, tse setseng **30+ liliba tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang tse nang le tsitsipano e phahameng ea tsitsipano ** li tšoara moqomo oa sekoaelo sa letlooeng-thata ho pholletsa le letamo li sebetsana joalo ka marulelo a lesaka le koahetsoeng ke metsi. Motho ea hlokofalitsoeng a ke ke a sutumelletsa letlooeng ho ea holimo ho tloha ka tlaase 'me a ke ke a fumana khutlo e le 'ngoe e moqotetsane e sa ts'oaroang ka har'a metsi a lefifi.

• Thibelo e Tlamang:

  Tšoara letlooeng kapa sekoahelo se tiileng sa polokeho joalo ka parachute: **e ka ba 100% e hoketsoeng holim'a ankora e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea koporo, kapa e tlositsoe ka 100% ebe e bolokoa **. Le ka mohla u se ke ua siea leha e le thapo e le 'ngoe e sekhutlong e sa roaloa ka metsotso e 5 e sa hlokomeloe.

Maemo a 4: Ho Chesoa ke Ntja ka Likobo tsa Solar le Mariha Tarps¶

Lintja ha li na kutloisiso ea khopolo ea polasetiki e phaphametseng khahlanong le mobu o tiileng. Ha ntja e lelekisa squirrel, bolo, kapa lekhasi le bululetsoeng ka holim'a mokato o ka morao oa jarete, e matha ka lebelo le phahameng holim'a sekoahelo sa letsatsi le leputsoa kapa tarp e tala ea mariha.

• Hobaneng Lintja li sa khone ho Ipholosa:

  Liroala tse 'nè tsa ntja hang-hang li phunya kobong e phaphametseng ea letsatsi kapa li taboha ka har'a sekontiri sa mariha, ebe li kenya maoto a ntja ka mokotleng o tebileng o kolobisitsoeng ke metsi ha mapheo a phaphametseng a phunya mokokotlong le hloohong.

  Ha u bona ntja e qabeletsoe ka sekoahelong sa letsatsi, U SE KE U qoela bohareng ba sekoahelo: hula kobo eohle ea letsatsi u lebise litepising tse sa tebang ho tloha mokatong (ho hula ntja le kobo sebakeng se ka holimo), kapa u rale tere ea mariha e bulehile ho tloha moeling oa mokato ebe o phahamisetsa ntja ka ntle.

• (100 ho 120 ka motsotso, ho hatella karolo ea boraro ho halofo ea bophara ba sefuba) ** le ntja e robetse ka lehlakore, e fana ka **30 compressions ho 2 snout breaths **, le ho potlakela ho ngaka ea liphoofolo ea tšohanyetso ho phekola post-submersion pulmonary edema le hypothermia.

Tsamaiso ea bongaka ea pele ho sepetlele ea mahlatsipa a khangoang ke metsi¶

Puseletso ea bongaka ea motho ea koaletsoeng sekoahelong sa metsi e fapane haholo le ho tšoaroa ke pelo ea tšohanyetso ea batho ba baholo:

1. Hobaneng "Hands-Feela (Compression-Only) CPR" e sa Lekane bakeng sa ho khangoa ke metsi.¶

Liphutuho tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba li ruta "CPR ea Matsoho feela" (ho hatella sefuba ntle le phefumoloho) bakeng sa batho ba baholo ba oelang ka tšohanyetso mobung o omileng ho tsoa ho pelo ea mantlha ea arrhythmia, hobane matšoafo a bona le methapo ea bona e ntse e tletse mali a oksijene ha a oa.

• Ho Nngoa ke metsi ke ho Tšoaroa ha Asphyxial: Ha ngoana kapa motho e moholo a qabeletsoe ka tlas'a letamo ka metsotso e 3 ho isa ho e 5, pelo ea bona e emisa feela ka mor'a hore ba je hoo e ka bang karolo ea 100 lekholong ea oksijene maling a bona . Ho pompa mali a se nang oksijene ho potoloha boko ka ho hatellana ka sefuba feela ntle le ho butsoela oksijene e ncha matšoafong ho ke ke ho qala pelo e ferekaneng.
• Mohato ka-Mohato oa Tatellano ea ho Khama ea CPR:
• Fana ka Meea e 2 ho isa ho e 5 ea Pele ea Pholoso Hang-hang: Emisa hlooho morao, phahamisa selelu, koala nko, koala molomo oa hao molomong oa motho ea hlasetsoeng (kapa ka holim'a molomo le nko ea lesea), 'me u bulule butle-butle bakeng sa 1 motsotsoana o mong le o mong oa moea o lekaneng ho etsa hore sefuba se bonahale ho phahama. : Tlhokomeliso mabapi le Khanyetso e Phahameng ea Lifofane: Bahlaseluoa ba khangoang ke metsi ba na le mokelikeli mekhoeng ea bona e menyenyane ea moea le matšoafo a sataletseng, ho bolelang hore u ka 'na ua hloka ho butsoela ka **khatello e tiileng hanyenyane, e tsitsitseng ** ho feta mannequin e omeletseng ho etsa hore sefuba se phahame.
• Etsa 30 Chest Compressions : 2 Rescue Breaths (ka **100 ho 120 compressions ka motsotso **, compressing **5 ho 6 cm [2 ho 2.4 in] ** tebileng ho batho ba baholo, 5 cm [2 in] ho bana, le 4 cm [1.5 in] masea).
• Mokhoa oa ho sebetsana le Lefuba le Metsi a Tsoang Molomong: : Lefulo le lepinki kapa le lesoeu le bosoeu le metsi a matangoana a koetsoeng hangata a qhitsa molomong oa motho ea khangoang ke metsi nakong ea CPR. : ** U SE KE UA Emisa CPR ho hlakola foam e nyane **: phefumoloha moea oa pholoso ka har'a foam. : Ke feela ha mahlatsa a mangata a thibelang tsela ea moea o ka pitikisa mohlaseluoa lehlakoreng la hae e le yuniti e le 'ngoe bakeng sa 2 ho isa ho metsotsoana e 3, u fiela molomo hantle, u a khutlisetse mokokotlong oa hae, 'me hang-hang u qale ho CPR hape.

Takatso e potlakileng ea metsi a leqhoa le pholiso e pholisang bokong e theola tlhoko ea oksijene ea boko ka 6 liperesente ho isa ho 7 lekholong bakeng sa ho theoha ha mocheso o mong le o mong oa likhato tse 1 tsa Celsius, e leng se etsang hore ho be le neuroprotective hypothermia le mammalian dive reflex.

Bana ba nkiloeng matamong a batang a mariha ka mor'a metsotso e 20 ho isa ho e 60+ ea ho qoelisoa ka botlalo ka zero pulse, lithempereichara tse sa fetoheng, le mocheso oa mantlha oa 18 ho isa ho 26 degrees Celsius (64 ho isa ho 79 degrees Fahrenheit) ba pholohile ka 100 percent intact neurological work CMO ho latela ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea oksijene ea methapo ea kutlo. ho futhumatsa pelo le matšoafo.

Molao: Le ka mohla u se ke ua emisa CPR holim'a sekoaelo sa letamo la metsi a batang sebakeng sa ketsahalo; tsoela pele ho sa sitisoe ho phefumoloha ho pholosa le ho hatella sefuba ho ea fihla sebakeng sa trauma center resuscitation bay.

Linomoro tsa libaka tsa tšohanyetso le liprothokholo tsa mekhatlo¶

Lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa¶

Why did the rescuer drown alongside the child when he jumped straight into the pool to save a toddler who stepped onto a floating solar blanket?¶

When a floating polyethylene solar bubble cover rests on a pool, it is held up only by tiny air pockets and is completely unattached to the concrete deck. If an adult rescuer jumps from the pool deck straight onto or next to a child sinking in the middle of that solar blanket, the adult's 80-kilogram (175-pound) impact pushes a deep crater into the plastic sheet, pulling the remaining dry outer edges off the walls and folding the plastic over the top of both the rescuer and the child. Once submerged inside the folded plastic underwater, the rescuer cannot see, cannot kick their legs, and cannot push the water-weighted plastic upward. Stand on the solid pool deck and violently haul or reel the entire solar blanket off the water BEFORE jumping in.

Is it ever safe to swim in the open half of a swimming pool while the floating solar cover is folded back over the other half?¶

Never, not even for experienced adult swimmers. Swimming in a partially covered pool is one of the leading causes of solar-cover drowning deaths in older children, teenagers, and adults. A swimmer who dives underwater, does a flip turn, or swims along the bottom easily glides past the fold line underneath the floating cover. When they surface for air underneath the blanket, the wet plastic sucks tightly over their face and head via hydrostatic and atmospheric pressure, preventing them from taking a breath while the translucent blue plastic makes it nearly impossible to see which direction leads back to open water. Remove 100 percent of any pool cover before anyone enters the water.

How can a toddler drown on top of an ASTM-certified solid winter safety cover that is bolted tightly to the concrete deck?¶

Even when a solid vinyl winter safety cover or an automatic tracked cover is bolted down tightly enough to support 220 kilograms (485 pounds), rainwater and melting snow collect on top of the cover, forming a sagging puddle 5 to 20 centimeters (2 to 8 inches) deep. A toddler aged 1 to 3 years old who walks onto the cover and trips face-down into 5 centimeters (2 inches) of standing rainwater can drown right on top of the cover without ever touching the pool water underneath. Every solid safety cover must have an active automatic electric cover-drain pump running on top of it at all times to remove rainwater immediately.

Why do resuscitation guidelines say you must give mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths to a drowning victim instead of doing "Hands-Only CPR"?¶

Hands-Only (compression-only) CPR works for an adult who suddenly collapses from a heart attack on dry land because their lungs and bloodstream are still full of oxygen at the moment their heart quivers. A child or adult pulled from underneath a pool cover, however, suffered an asphyxial (suffocation) arrest: their heart stopped beating only after every molecule of oxygen in their lungs and blood was used up. Doing chest compressions alone on a drowning victim circulates zero-oxygen blood to a starving brain. Delivering 2 to 5 rescue breaths first immediately refills the lungs with oxygen so that subsequent chest compressions deliver oxygenated blood to the heart and brain.

My child was pulled from under a solar pool cover after about 45 seconds, coughed up some water, cried, and now seems fine and wants to watch TV. Do we still need to go to the hospital?¶

Yes: every child or adult who was submerged under a pool cover and coughed, sputtered, turned blue, or needed any assistance must be evaluated at a hospital emergency department immediately, even if they look recovered 10 minutes later. Inhaling even a few tablespoons of chlorinated or fresh pool water washes out the protective surfactant lining inside the microscopic air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs and triggers an inflammatory cascade. Over the next 2 to 8 hours, fluid from the bloodstream can leak into those damaged air sacs (delayed post-submersion pulmonary edema), causing dangerously low blood oxygen levels while the child is resting.

This guide is for informational purposes and does not replace professional medical care or lifeguarding training. Every pool owner and parent should take a hands-on CPR/AED and Water Safety course through the Red Cross, Royal Life Saving Society, or St John Ambulance.

Litataiso tse amanang¶

• Drowning resuscitation, rescue breathing, and hypoxic arrest
• Swimming pool drain entrapment and electric shock drowning
• Metsi a thellelisang, letamo la maqhubu, noka e botsoa, ​​​​le waterpark lifeguard triage
• CPR and rescue breathing for adults, children, and infants
• Hypothermia and cold-water submersion care
• Linomoro tsa maemo a tshohanyetso ho ea ka linaha

Mehloli le tataiso ea semmuso¶

• United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC): Pool Safely Guidelines & Safety Alert: Solar Pool Covers and Unanchored Winter Tarps Pose Hidden Drowning Hazard (ASTM F1346 Standard Specification for Pool Covers).
• Litsi tsa Taolo le Thibelo ea Mafu (CDC, United States) & American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): * Thibelo ea ho Khangoa ke metsi: Tlaleho ea Teknoloji mabapi le Fencing ea 4-Sided Isolation Fencing, Entrapment Cover Cover, le Pediatric Submersion Triage *.
• American Heart Association (AHA) le Komiti ea Bohokahanyi ea Machaba ea Phatlalatso (ILCOR): * Tataiso ea ho Tsosolosoa ha Cardiopulmonary le Emergency Cardiovascular Care: Maemo a Khethehileng: Ho Khangoa ke metsi le Asphyxial Cardiac Ho tšoaroa (Bohlokoa ba ho Pholosa Phefumoloho) *.
• European Resuscitation Council (ERC) & Resuscitation Council UK: * Tataiso ea ho Tsosolosa ka Metsing (5 Initial Rescue Breaths Protocol) & Royal Life Saving Society (RLSS) Home Pool Safety Standards *.
• Komiti ea Australia le New Zealand ea ho Tsosolosa (ANZCOR) & Royal Life Saving Society Australia: * Tataiso ea 9.3.2 Ho Tsosoa ha Motho ea Khamang Hamonate le Melao ea Letamo la Lehae le Melao ea Likoahelo (AS 1926.1)*.