I-Pool Cover Entrapment: Kungani Izingubo Zebhamuza Ezintantayo kanye Nethayela Lasebusika Elingaboshiwe Kuyizicupho Ezibulalayo Zokuqunjelwa¶

Enganeni esacathula, enganeni encane, noma enjeni yomndeni, ikhava yebhamuza lelanga le-polyethylene elintantayo ("ingubo yelanga")* noma iseyili yasebusika enesisindo sesikhwama samanzi enwetshwe echibini lokubhukuda elihlala abantu kubukeka sengathi umata oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oqinile, ogqamile ongakwazi ukuhamba uwele kuwo. Eqinisweni, amakhava echibi antantayo angahanjiwe kanye nethayela lasebusika elixegayo kuphakathi kwezinto eziyingozi kakhulu, ezingenakugwemeka zokuminza kanye nezingibe zokuminza eziklanyelwe ikhaya. Ngokungafani nokuwela emanzini avulekile: lapho ingane noma umbhukudi engakwazi ukukhahlela phezulu, abambe i-pool, noma ahefuze umoya: ukunyathela phezu kwebhamuza lelanga elintantayo noma i-tarp yasebusika exegayo kubangela ukuthi ishidi lepulasitiki licwile ngaphansi kwesisindo somuntu ohlukunyeziwe kuyilapho imiphetho ezungezile intanta noma ishelela ngaphakathi, igoqe isisulu ngaphakathi kwesikhukhula esiphuphuma amanzi ipulasitiki . Phakathi namasekhondi angu-2, amanzi athela phezu kwekhava edangele kuyilapho ukucindezela kwe-hydrostatic okuvela emanzini echibi ngezansi kucindezela ipulasitiki eguquguqukayo ngokuqinile ebusweni, esifubeni, nasezithweni, okwenza kube nzima ngokomzimba ukubhukuda ukuya phambili, ukufinyelela onqenqemeni lwechibi, noma ukusunduza ikhava isuke ngaphansi.

Okubi nakakhulu, izinto eziningi eziyingozi ezibambekayo zekhava yelanga zenzeka ngesikhathi abantu abadala bebhukuda echibini "elingamboziwe uhhafu" (nengubo yelanga egoqwe yabuyela endaweni ejulile noma ekugcineni engashoni), lapho umbhukudi etshuza ngaphansi kwamanzi ngaphansi kweshidi lepulasitiki elintantayo futhi avalwe nge-vacuum ngaphansi kwengubo. Uma ingane, umuntu omdala, noma isilwane esifuywayo sivaleleke ngaphakathi noma ngaphansi kwekhava yedamu lokubhukuda, ibalulekile isekhondi ngalinye: ukulimala kobuchopho okungalungiseki kwe-hypoxic kuqala phakathi kwemizuzu emi-3 kuya kwemi-5. Ngokushesha memeza othile ukuthi ashayele indawo yangakini izinombolo eziphuthumayo (Ama-911 e-United States naseCanada, angu-999 e-United Kingdom, angu-112 e-European Union yonkana, kanye nangu-000 e-Australia), donsa noma uklebhule isembozo sonke edekhini ngaphambi kokugxumela esibayeni, bese uqala Rescue Breathing + CPR ngokushesha ngemva kokukhipha. Kufanele futhi ubuyekeze imihlahlandlela yethu ku ukuminza ukuvuselela nokuboshwa kwe-hypoxic, i-swimming pool drain entrapment kanye nokuminza kukagesi, futhi i-CPR yezingane kanye neyabantu abadala.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

Uma ubona ingane, umuntu omdala, noma inja icwila kukhava yechibi le-solar elintantayo, ephithene kuthayela wechibi lasebusika, noma engekho eduze kwechibi lokubhukuda elimboziwe:

1. Hlola Ngaphansi Kwekhava Yephuli Kuqala (Ngaphakathi Kwemizuzwana emi-5) Noma nini Lapho Ingane Ilahlekile:

   Ingane evaleleke ngaphansi kwengubo yelanga entantayo noma ngaphansi kweseyili yasebusika ecwile ivamise ukudala ukungabikho kokuchaphaza, ukungabikho ukuklabalasa, futhi cishe alikho iqhubu elibonakalayo ngemva kokuba ikhava isihlale phansi phezu kwamanzi.

   Ungamoshi imizuzu eyi-10 ngokucinga amakhabethe ekamelo lokulala kuqala: gijima uqonde echibini lokubhukuda, donsa ingubo yelanga noma ikhava yasebusika ubuyele ngokuphelele ukuze uveze amaphesenti angu-100 phansi kwechibi (okuhlanganisa ne-drain-end main main), futhi uhlole ngaphakathi kwanoma yimuphi ubhavu oshisayo ongemuva kwendlu noma i-spa.

2. Donsa Ikhava Yonke Entantayo Yelanga Echibini Kusuka Kudekhi Kakhonkolo NGAPHAMBI Kokugxumela:

   Kungani ukugxumela uqonde phezu kwesembozo selanga esintantayo kungabulala bobabili isisulu kanye nomsindisi: Uma ugxuma usuka endaweni yokubhukuda uqonde maphakathi nekhava yebhamuza le-polyethylene elintantayo noma ithafa lasebusika elingaboshiwe, isisindo somzimba wakho sidonsa ikholomu yesibili engamakhilogremu angu-1,100 (1,100-pound) yamanzi bese ugibelela phezu kwepulasitiki elomile, bese ugoqa ipulasitiki elomile wena nengane** ngaphakathi kwendwangu yepulasitiki enezingqimba ezimbili.

   I-3-Second-Pull Technique: Yima phezu kwedekhi yechibi eliqinile, bamba unqenqema oluseduze lwekhava yelanga entantayo ngezandla zombili, futhi udonse ngobudlova futhi uhlubule yonke ingubo yepulasitiki ngesandla phezu kwedekhi (noma ugence isibambo se-solar ngesivinini esiphezulu uma unamathisele inhloko* ukuze uvule ikhanda* ukuze uvule ikhanda.

3. Uma Isisulu Sivaleleke Ngaphansi Kwetarp Enzima Yasebusika Esindwe Amashubhu Amanzi, Lahla Umphetho bese Usika Ngommese:

   Uma isisulu siwele phezu kwevinyl eqinile evulekile noma i-polyethylene elukiweyo iseyili yasebusika ebanjwe phansi ngamashubhu/izikhwama zamanzi, khahlela noma ugingqe amashubhu amanzi aseduze asuke onqenqemeni lukaseyili futhi udonse unqenqema lwetiyela emuva edekhini ukuze uvule umsele wamanzi ocacile, NOMA sebenzisa ummese wasekhishini*, ummese* wokusika, ukulimaza ibhokisi vula ngaphezu kwekhanda lomuntu ohlukunyeziwe ngenkathi ubambe unqenqema olusikiwe ukuze lungakwazi ukucwila.

4. Uma Kufanele Ufake Amanzi Ngenkathi Ingxenye Yekhava Isele, Faka KUPHELA Emanzini Avulekile Acacile Bese Ubhukuda NGAPHANSI Komphetho Ukuze Uphushe Isisulu Ngaphandle:

   Uma ikhava enkulu yasebusika yezentengiso noma esindayo isinda kakhulu ukuthi ungadonsa ichibi ngemizuzwana emi-3, donsela ikhoneni elilodwa lekhava ulibuyisele ngokuphelele kudeski ukuze udale indawo engamamitha angu-2 ukuya kwangu-3 (6-to-10-foot) yamanzi avulekile angu-100%, gxuma izinyawo kuqala kuleyo isikhala samanzi esivulekile (ungalokothi ungene ngaphansi kwesembozo *b ukuze ufinyelele kupulasitiki), amakhwapha noma okhalweni, bese uwadonsela emuva endaweni evulekile yamanzi.

5. Qala Ukuphefumula Kwasekuqaleni Oku-5 Kokutakula Okulandelwa Ngokushesha Ngo-30:2 CPR (Ungazami "Ukumpompa Amanzi Esiswini"):

   Ngokungafani nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo kagesi okungazelelwe lapho igazi lisagcwele umoya-mpilo, ukufakwa kwekhava ye-pool kuwuphawu oluyinhloko lokuboshwa kwenhliziyo ye-asphyxial (hypoxic): inhliziyo yesisulu yama ngenxa yokuthi umoya-mpilo emaphashini akhe kanye nomthamo wegazi wehla waze wafika kuqanda.

   Uma nje udonsela ingane engasabeli, engaphefumuli noma umuntu omdala endaweni yokubhukuda:

   Vula indlela yokuphefumula (i-head-tilt/chin-lift) futhi ngokushesha ulethe **2 kuya ku-5 ukuphefumula okuphumelelayo kokutakula ** (ukubuka isifuba sikhuphuka ngokusobala; I-European Resuscitation Council kanye neziqondiso zase-Australia/NZ zicacisa ukuphefumula kokuqala okungu-5 kokuminza ngaphambi kokucindezelwa kwesifuba, kuyilapho iziqondiso ze-AHA zibeka phambili ngokushesha **2 ukuphefumula kokuhlenga * 30 ukucindezelwa).

   Ungalokothi wenze i-Heimlich maneuver (ukucindezela kwesisu) noma uphendule isisulu sibheke phansi ukuze "ukhiphe amanzi emaphashini": ukwenza kanjalo kubambezela ukulethwa komoyampilo futhi kuphoqelela okuqukethwe kwesisu kuqhoqhoqho.

   Qhubeka ** Ukucindezelwa kwesifuba okungu-30 kuya ekuphefumuleni oku-2 kokuhlenga ** (noma 15:2 uma abatakuli ababili abaqeqeshiwe belapha ingane/usana) futhi usebenzise I-Automated External Defibrillator (AED) ngokushesha nje lapho umuntu efika (ukusula isifuba somile ngaphambi kokunamathisela amaphedi).

6. Thutha Zonke Izisulu Ezihlengiwe Ziyise Emnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (Ngisho Noma Zikhwehlela, Zivuka, Futhi Zenze Okuvamile):

   Noma iyiphi ingane noma umuntu omdala ocwiliswe ngaphansi kwesembozo sechibi futhi wahogela ngisho ne-1 kuya ku-3 millilitha ngekhilogremu lamanzi echibini* (izipuni ezimbalwa nje zengane encane) angaba nenkinga yokuphefumula kwe-alveolar, i-chemical pneumonitis, kanye nokubambezeleka kwe-pulmonary edema emahoreni angu-2 kuya kwangu-8 kamuva. Sonke isisulu sokucwiliswa emanzini esikhwehlele, saphafuza, esidinga ukuphefumula kokuhlenga, noma esilahlekelwe ukwazi kufanele sihlolwe emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela okungenani amahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-8 nge-pulse oximetry kanye ne-radiography yesifuba.

Isihlahla sesinqumo: ukuhlengwa kwekhava yechibi kanye nokuvuselela ukuminza¶

flowchart TD
    Start["I-POOL COVER ENTRAPMENT NOMA INGANE Elahlekile EDUZE NECHIBI ELIVALIWE"] --> MissingCheck{"Ingabe isisulu sibonakala sivaleleke phezu/ngaphansi kwekhava: noma silahlekile eduze nechibi?"}

    MissingCheck -->|Missing Child / Unclear Location| StripCoverNow["I-STRIP COVER NGOKUPHELELE EMIZUZENI EMI-5: Donsa ingubo yelanga noma ikhava yasebusika usuke echibini ngo-100%: ukuze uhlole yonke indawo yechibi kanye ne-deep-end main drain"]

    MissingCheck -->|Victim Visibly Trapped on Top of or Under Cover| CoverType{"Iluphi uhlobo lwekhava yokubhukuda oluhilelekile?"}
    StripCoverNow --> CoverType

    CoverType -->|Floating Solar Bubble Blanket: (Unanchored polyethylene sheet)| DeckHaul["SUNGULA LONKE IBHALAKETHI EMPHEKWINI: 1. Memeza ucele othile ukuthi ashayele ku-911 / 999 / 112 / 000: 2. UNGALOKOTHI ugxumele phezu kwepulastiki elintantayo: 3. Bamba umphetho wengubo phezu kompheme bese udonsa lonke ishidi emanzini: 4. Gxumela emanzini acwebile futhi uphakamise isisulu emanzini avulekile."]

    CoverType -->|Loose Winter Tarp with Water Bags: or Partially Unbolted Safety Cover| SliceOrCorner["IKHONA LE-PEEL NOMA UHLU LWETARP + FAKA AMANZI AVULIWE: 1. Khipha izikhwama zamanzi usuke onqenqemeni lwesiteki futhi udonsele ekhoneni eliseduze emuva: 2. Uma isisulu siphiniwe phezu kukaseyili oshone phansi, hlikihla itiyela ngommese: 3. Faka KUPHELA esikhala samanzi esivulekile; finyelela ngaphansi ukuze ukhiphe isisulu"]

    DeckHaul --> AssessVictim{"Ingabe isisulu esisindisiwe siphefumula ngokujwayelekile?"}
    SliceOrCorner --> AssessVictim

    AssessVictim -->|YES: Coughing, Crying, Breathing Adequately| RecoveryPos["IZITHUTHO ZEMIDALA NGEMVA KOKUMAMBISANA: 1. Beka endaweni yokululama eceleni ukuze uphalaze/amanzi ageleze ngokukhululekile: 2. Susa izingubo ezimanzi, bopha ngezingubo zokulala ezifudumele ezomile: 3. Ukuyiswa esibhedlela ED ukuze kuqashwe i-pulmonary edema amahora angu-4-8"]

    AssessVictim -->|NO: Unresponsive, Limp, Blue, or Gasping| StartDrowningCPR["UKUVUSWA OKUSHESHA OKUMNZA (UNGAKHISHI AMAPHAPHU): 1. Umzila womoya ovulekile (ukutshekisa ikhanda/ukuphakamisa isilevu) bese unikeza IMIPHEFUMULO ENGU-2 kuya kwemi-5 YOKUTHOLAKALA: (Ukungena komoya emoyeni kubaluleke kakhulu #1 ekuboshweni kokucwila kwe-hypoxic): 2. Qala Ukucindezelwa Kwesifuba okungu-30 (1: 2) abatakuli/ingane): 3. Uma amanzi/ukuhlanza kugcwala emlonyeni, gingqeka ngohlangothi imizuzwana emi-2, sula, bese uqala kabusha: 4. Isifuba esomile futhi unamathisele amaphedi e-AED ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka"]

Ukuqhathaniswa kobunjiniyela: kungani izinhlobo ezi-3 kwezi-4 zekhava yechibi ziyizingozi zokuminza¶

Ikhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi (i-CPSC), i-Royal Life Saving Society, kanye nedatha ye-ASTM International ibonisa ukuhlukana okuqinile phakathi kweqiniso Amandla/Amakhava okuphepha e-ASTM F1346 aqinisekisiwe we-ASTM kanye nezijwayelekile izingubo zokulala zelanga noma ama-tarp asebusika:

1. Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezinhlobo Zekhava Yechibi Lokubhukuda kanye Nengozi Yokungena¶

Izimo zengozi zekhava yechibi ezi-4 ezibulala kakhulu nokuthi ungazinqanda kanjani¶

Isimo 1: Ukubhukuda Echibini "Engamboziwe Uhhafu" (I-Under-Cover Surfacing Trap)¶

Njalo ehlobo, imindeni kanye nentsha ifuna ukucwiliswa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthatha isikhathi sokudonsa noma ukudonsa yonke ingubo yebhamuza yelanga elintantayo isuke echibini. Baphinda bagoqe ikhava yelanga endaweni ejulile (noma ekugcineni engashoni), bashiye ingxenye yechibi ivulekile nengxenye yechibi imbozwe, bese begxumela phakathi.

• Indlela Ingozi Ebulalayo Eyenzeka Ngayo:

  Ingane, osemusha, noma umuntu omdala utshuza ngaphansi kwamanzi, ubhukuda emathangeni avale amehlo akhe noma afake izibuko ezinenkungu, noma ajahe ithoyizi le-pool elicwile ezansi: futhi ngephutha abhukude adlule umugqa ogoqekayo ngaphansi kwengubo yelanga entantayo.

  Lapho bephelelwa umoya bese bekhahlela baqonde ekukhanyeni kwelanga okukhanyayo okucwebezelayo ngepulasitiki eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikhanda labo lishaya ngaphansi kwengubo yelanga entantayo.

  Ngoba i-polyethylene emanzi ibambelela ngokuqinile emanzini nge-ukungezwani okungaphezulu nokucindezela komkhathi (\(101.3\text{ kPa} / 14.7\text{ PSI}\)), iphushela phezulu ngekhanda nezandla zakho ivele iphakamise i-dome esindayo yamanzi kanye nepulasitiki emunca ibuyele phansi ebusweni bakho uma uzama ukuhogela phezulu. Edidekile ekubenyezeleni okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umbhukudi akakwazi ukusho ukuthi iyiphi indlela eholela onqenqemeni lwamanzi avulekile uma iqhathaniswa nezindonga ezintathu zamachibi avaliwe, futhi iminza phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-60 kuya kwangu-90 kuyilapho amalungu omndeni ehlezi kude ngamamitha angu-3 edekhini.

• Umthetho Ophelele othi "Okuvaliwe Noma Ungabhukudi":

  UNGALOKOTHI uvumele noma yimuphi umuntu noma isilwane ukuthi singene echibini lokubhukuda kuyilapho ikhava yelanga elintantayo, itiyela yasebusika, noma ikhava yokuphepha ingamaphesenti angu-10 emanzini.

  Ngaphambi kokuthi uzwane olulodwa luthinte amanzi,ikhava yonke kufanele isuswe ngamaphesenti angu-100 endaweni yamanzi* (ibuyiselwe phezulu ngokuphelele kurola yayo ngaphandle komjikelezo wechibi noma ipakishwe kudeski kude nonqenqema).

Isimo 2: "I-Rainwater Puddle Phezulu Kwekhava Yasebusika" Ingane Encane Eminzayo¶

Abazali bavame ukufaka isembozo esiqinile sasebusika se-vinyl noma isembozo sokuphepha esilandelelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ekwindla futhi bazizwe bekhululeke ngokuphelele, becabanga ukuthi ichibi manje selifakazela izingane.

• Indlela Ingozi Ebulalayo Eyenzeka Ngayo:

  Isiphepho esisodwa sasekwindla noma iqhwa elincibilikayo amasentimitha angu-5 ukuya kwangu-25 (amayintshi angu-2 ukuya kwangu-10) wamanzi amile kumkhombe obanzi oxegayo phezu kwekhava eqinile yasebusika.

  Ngenxa yokuthi ikhanda losana nomzimba ongenhla kumelela cishe amaphesenti angu-30 esisindo somzimba, ingane eneminyaka engu-1 kuya kwemi-3 ubudala ezulazula phezu kwesembozo bese ibheka phansi ibe amasentimitha angu-5 kuphela (amayintshi angu-2) wamanzi emvula amile ayikwazi ukuziphushela phezulu emanzini ashelelayo, angazinzile ngaphandle kokucwiliswa kwe-vinyl engaphezulu* amanzi echibi ngezansi.

• Ukuvimbela Okuphoqelekile:

  Yonke ikhava eqinile yechibi lasebusika nekhava yokuphepha ezenzakalelayo idingeka ngokomthetho ngaphansi kokuthi ASTM F1346 ukuze ibe nephampu yekhava kagesi ezenzakalelayo engaphansi kwamanzi ehlala endaweni ephansi phezu kwekhava ngaso sonke isikhathi (noma amaphaneli akhelwe ngaphakathi anezikhala zokudonsa amanzi) egcina amanzi amile phezu kwekhava ngezansi **1.5 amasentimitha (0.6 amayintshi)

Isimo 3: Ikhava Yokuphepha Yemeshi Engaboshiwe Ngokwengxenye noma Ihange Lethusi Elilahlekile¶

Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla: noma lapho umnikazi wechibi eqaqa imithombo ekhona emagumbini amabili noma amathathu ekhava yezokuphepha enezikhala eziqinile ukuze alahle amaqabunga, amakhemikhali echibini lokuhlola, noma ahlenge ixoxo: ngezinye izikhathi bashiya lelokhona lingaxhunywanga ubusuku bonke.

• Indlela Ingozi Ebulalayo Eyenzeka Ngayo:

  Ingane enelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi noma inja iphusha ikhanda layo ngaphansi kwesiphephelo sekhona esixegayo, esingaxhumekile bese ingena emanzini abandayo ngaphansi kwesembozo semeshi eqinile.

  Uma usungaphakathi emanzini, iziphethu ezisele 30+ zensimbi engagqwali ezidonsa kanzima ezisele zibamba isigubhu sekhava yemeshi ziqine ngaphesheya kwechibi zibhekane njengophahla lwekheji engaphansi kwamanzi. Umhlukumezi akakwazi ukusunduza inetha elicinene liye phezulu lisuka ngaphansi futhi alikwazi ukuthola ikhoneni elilodwa elincane elingahukiwe emanzini amnyama.

• Ukuvimbela Okuphoqelekile:

  Phatha inetha noma ikhava yokuphepha eqinile njengepharashuti: ixhunywe ngo-100% kuwo wonke amahange edekhi yethusi, noma isuswa futhi igcinwe ngo-100%. Ungalokothi ushiye ngisho nebhande elilodwa ekhoneni lingaxhumekile imizuzu emi-5 lingagadiwe.

Isimo sesi-4: Ukubhajwa Kwenja Ezingubo Zelanga Nezintelezi Zasebusika¶

Izinja azinakho ukuqonda kwepulasitiki elintantayo ngokumelene nomhlabathi oqinile. Uma inja ijaha squirrel, ibhola, noma iqabunga eliphephukayo endaweni engemuva, igijima ngesivinini esigcwele phezu kwekhava yelanga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma i-tarp yasebusika eluhlaza.

• Kungani Izinja Zingakwazi Ukuzihlangula:

  Izidladla ezine zenja ngokushesha zishaya phansi zingene engubeni yelanga elintantayo noma zidabule ithafa lasebusika eliguquguqukayo, livale imilenze yenja esikhwameni esicwiliswe emanzini kuyilapho imiphetho entantayo igoqa emhlane nasekhanda.

  Uma ubona inja ivaleleke kukhava yelanga, UNGADluli phakathi kwesembozo: donsela ingubo yelanga yonke uye ezitebhisini ezingajulile ukusuka emphemeni (udonsela inja nengubo ndawonye esitebhisini esiphezulu), noma hlikihla iseyili yasebusika ivule onqenqemeni lwesiteki bese uphakamisa inja uyikhiphe ngehhanisi/ihhanisi.

  I-Canine Resuscitation: Uma inja ehlengiwe ixhuga, iqulekile, futhi ingaphefumuli, khipha ulimi lwayo phambili emlonyeni wayo, ishanele noma iyiphi imfucumfucu yeqabunga emqaleni, bamba umlomo wenja uvalwe ngokuqinile ngezandla zombili, vala umlomo wakho phezu kwekhala lenja (umlomo usuka empumulweni uya empumulweni uphefumula), futhi uphefumule u-5 ukuphefumula kwesifuba, kulandelwa ukuphefumula kwesifuba 2 kuze kube yilapho isifuba siphefumula (100 kuya ku-120 ngomzuzu, ucindezela ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ukuya engxenyeni eyodwa yobubanzi besifuba)** inja ilele ngohlangothi, inikeza ukucindezela okungu-30 ekuphefumuleni kwekhala oku-2, futhi aphuthume kudokotela wezilwane ophuthumayo ukuze elaphe i-post-submersion pulmonary edema kanye ne-hypothermia.

Ukuphathwa kwezempilo kwangaphambi kwesibhedlela kwezisulu zokuminza kwekhava yechibi¶

Ukuvuswa kabusha kwezokwelapha kwesisulu sekhava ye-pool yehluka kakhulu ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe kwabantu abadala:

1. Kungani i-CPR ethi "Izandla Kuphela (I-Compression-Only)" Inganele Ukuminza¶

Imikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi ifundisa "i-CPR Yezandla Kuphela" (ukucindezelwa kwesifuba ngaphandle kokuphefumula) kubantu abadala abavele bawa emhlabeni owomile besuka ku-arrhythmia yenhliziyo eyinhloko, ngoba amaphaphu abo nemithambo yabo isagcwele igazi eline-oksijini ekuweni.

• Ukuminza Ukuboshwa Kwe-Asphyxial: Lapho ingane noma umuntu omdala evaleleke ngaphansi kwekhava ye-pool imizuzu emi-3 kuya kwemi-5, inhliziyo yakhe iyama kuphela ngemva kokuba isidle cishe amaphesenti ayi-100 omoya-mpilo osegazini layo. Ukumpompa igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo uzungeze ubuchopho ngokucindezelwa kwesifuba kukodwa ngaphandle kokufutha umoya-mpilo omusha emaphashini ngeke kuqale kabusha inhliziyo ephefumulayo.
• Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Ukulandelana Kwe-CPR Yokucwila:
• Letha Ukuphefumula Oku-2 Kuya Kwengu-5 Kokuqala Kokutakula Ngokushesha: Tshekisa ikhanda emuva, phakamisa isilevu, cindezela ikhala, vala umlomo wakho phezu komlomo wesisulu (noma phezu komlomo nekhala losana), bese uphephetha kancane 1 umzuzwana ngamunye ukuze wenze isifuba sibonakale siphakama. : Inothi Ngokumelana Nomoya Ophakeme: Izisulu eziminza zinoketshezi emigudwini yazo yokuphefumula emincane kanye namaphaphu aqinile, okusho ukuthi ungase udinge ukuphephethangokuqina kancane, nokucindezela okuqinile kunaku-mannequin eyomile ukuze wenze isifuba sikhuphuke.
• Yenza Ukucindezela Kwesifuba okungu-30 : 2 Ukuphefumula Kokuphefumula (ngokucindezelwa okungu-100 kuya ku-120 ngomzuzu, ukucindezela 5 kuya ku-6 cm [2 kuya ku-2.4 ku-] kujule kubantu abadala, 5 cm [2 in] ezinganeni, kanye no-4 cm [1.5 in] ezinganeni).
• Indlela Yokuphatha Igwebu Namanzi Aphuma Emlonyeni: : Igwebu elipinki noma elimhlophe elinegwebu le-pulmonary edema kanye namanzi echibi agwinye ngokuvamile aphuma emlonyeni womuntu ominzile phakathi ne-CPR. : Ungayeki i-CPR ukuze usule igwebu elincane: vunguza umoya wokuhlenga ngegwebu. : Kuphela uma ukuhlanza okuwuketshezi oluningi kuvimbe indlela yokuphefumula lapho kufanele ugingqe isisulu ohlangothini lwaso njengeyunithi eyodwa imizuzwana engu-2 kuya kwemi-3*, ushanele umlomo ucace, uwubuyisele emhlane waso, bese uqalisa kabusha i-CPR ngokushesha.

Ukulangazela okusheshayo kwamanzi aneqhwa nokupholisa kobuchopho kwehlisa isidingo somoya-mpilo wobuchopho ngamaphesenti angu-6% kuya ku-7% kukho konke ukwehla okungu-1 degree Celsius kwezinga lokushisa eliyisisekelo, okubangela i-neuroprotective hypothermia kanye ne-mammalian dive reflex.

Izingane ezikhishwe emachibini asebusika aneqhwa ngemva kwemizuzu engu-20 kuya kwengu-60+ yokucwiliswa ngokuphelelenokushaya kwenhliziyo okuyiziro, abafundi abanwebekayo okugxilile, namazinga okushisa ayisisekelo angu-18 kuya ku-26 degrees Celsius (64 kuya ku-79 degrees Fahrenheit) zisinde nga100% wokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa / ulwelwesi lwe-oksijini lwe-CMO kanye nolwelwesi oluqhubekayo lwe-oksijini lwe-CMO ukufudumala kwe-cardiopulmonary bypass.

Umthetho: Ungalokothi umise i-CPR kusisulu sekhava yechibi lamanzi abandayo endaweni yesigameko; qhubeka nokuphefumula kokuhlenga okungaphazamiseki kanye nokucindezelwa kwesifuba kuze kuyofika endaweni yokuphumula yesikhungo sokuhlukumezeka.

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo zesifunda kanye nezinqubomgomo ze-ejensi¶

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa¶

Kungani umhlengi waminza eduze kwengane lapho egxumela echibini ukuze asindise usana olwalungena phezu kwengubo yelanga entantayo?¶

Lapho ikhava yebhamuza lelanga le-polyethylene entantayo ihlezi echibini, iphakanyiswa kuphela amaphakethe omoya amancane futhi ayixhunywanga ngokuphelele edeskini likakhonkolo. Uma umhlengi omdala egxuma esuka endaweni yokubhukuda aqonde ngqo noma eduze kwengane ecwila phakathi kwaleyo ngubo yelanga, amandla omuntu omdala angamakhilogremu angu-80 (amakhilogremu angu-175) aphushela umgodi ojulile eshidini lepulasitiki, adonse amaphethelo angaphandle omile asele ezindongeni futhi esonge ipulasitiki phezu kwabo bobabili umhlengi kanye nengane. Lapho sebecwile ngaphakathi kwepulasitiki eligoqiwe ngaphansi kwamanzi, umhlengi akakwazi ukubona, akakwazi ukukhahlela imilenze yabo, futhi akakwazi ukuphushela ipulasitiki enesisindo samanzi phezulu. Yima phezu kwedekhi yechibi eliqinile bese udonsa noma uhlehle yonke ingubo yelanga emanzini NGAPHAMBI kokuthi ugxumele phakathi.

Ingabe kuke kuphephe ukubhukuda engxenyeni evulekile yedamu lokubhukuda kuyilapho ikhava yelanga elintantayo igoqelwe emuva kwenye ingxenye?¶

Ungalokothi, ngisho nakubabhukudi abadala abanolwazi. Ukubhukuda echibini elimbozwe kancane kungenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokushona kokuminza kwekhava yelanga ezinganeni ezindadlana, entsheni nakubantu abadala. Umbhukudi otshuza ngaphansi kwamanzi, ojikajikayo, noma obhukuda phansi uyashelela kalula adlule umugqa ogoqekayo ngaphansi kwekhava entantayo. Lapho bethola umoya ngaphansi kwengubo, ipulasitiki emanzi imunca iqine ebusweni nasekhanda ngomfutho we-hydrostatic kanye nomkhathi, ibavimbele ukuthi bathathe umoya kuyilapho ipulasitiki eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ecwebezelayo yenza kucishe kungenzeki ukubona ukuthi iyiphi indlela ebuyela emuva ukuze uvule amanzi. Susa amaphesenti angu-100 wanoma iyiphi ikhava yechibi ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani angene emanzini.

Ingane ecathulayo ingaminza kanjani phezu kwekhava yokuphepha yasebusika eqinile eqinisekiswe yi-ASTM eboshwe ngokuqinile kudekhi kakhonkolo?¶

Ngisho noma isembozo esiqinile sokuphepha sasebusika se-vinyl noma isembozo esilandelelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo siboshelwe phansi ngokuqinile ukuze sisekele amakhilogremu angu-220 (amakhilogremu angu-485), amanzi emvula kanye neqhwa elincibilikayo kuqoqana phezu kwekhava, kwenze idamu elinyakazayo elingamasentimitha angu-5 kuya kwangu-20 (amayintshi angu-2 kuya kwangu-8) ukujula. Ujahidada oluneminyaka engu-1 kuye kwengu-3 ubudala olungena kukhava bese luhamba lubheke phansi lube amasentimitha angu-5 (amayintshi angu-2) wamanzi emvula amile lungaminza phezu kwekhava ngaphandle kokuthinta amanzi echibi ngaphansi. Ikhava ngayinye eqinile yokuphepha kufanele ibe nephampu esebenzayo kagesi yokukhipha ikhava esebenza phezu kwayo ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze isuse amanzi emvula ngokushesha.

Kungani iziqondiso zokuvuselela umoya zithi kufanele unikeze isisulu esiminzayo ukuphefumula komlomo kuya emlonyeni esikhundleni sokwenza "I-CPR Yezandla Kuphela"?¶

I-Hands-Only (ukucindezela-kuphela) I-CPR isebenzela umuntu omdala owavele wawa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo emhlabathini owomile ngenxa yokuthi amaphaphu akhe nomjikelezo wegazi kusagcwele umoya-mpilo ngesikhathi inhliziyo yakhe iqhaqhazela. Ingane noma umuntu omdala okhishwe ngaphansi kwesembozo sechibi, nokho, wabanjwa yi-asphyxial (ukuminza): inhliziyo yabo yayeka ukushaya kuphela ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwe-molecule ngayinye yomoya-mpilo emaphashini abo kanye negazi. Ukuminyanisa isifuba kukodwa kumuntu ominzile kuhambisa igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo elingenawo umoya-mpilo ebuchosheni obulambile. Ukuletha ukuphefumula kokuhlenga okungu-2 kuya kwemi-5 kuqala kugcwalisa amaphaphu komoya-mpilo ngokushesha ukuze ukucindezelwa kwesifuba okulandelayo kulethe igazi elinomoya-mpilo enhliziyweni nasengqondweni.

Ingane yami yakhishwa ngaphansi kwekhava yechibi le-solar ngemva kwemizuzwana engaba ngu-45, yakhwehlela amanzi, yakhala, futhi manje ibonakala ikahle futhi ifuna ukubukela i-TV. Ngabe sisadinga ukuya esibhedlela?¶

Yebo: yonke ingane noma umuntu omdala owayecwile ngaphansi kwesembozo se-pool futhi wakhwehlela, waphafuzwa, waphenduka waba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma owayedinga noma yiluphi usizo kufanele ahlolwe emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha, ngisho noma ebukeka sengathi useluleme ngemva kwemizuzu eyi-10. Ukuhogela ngisho nezipuni ezimbalwa zamanzi echibi ane-chlorinated noma ahlanzekile kugeza ulwelwesi oluvikelayo olungaphakathi kwamasaka omoya amancane (i-alveoli) yamaphaphu futhi kubangele ukuqubuka kokuvuvukala. Emahoreni angu-2 kuya kwangu-8 alandelayo, uketshezi oluphuma egazini lungavuza kulawo masaka omoya alimele (i-post-submersion pulmonary edema ebambezelekile), okubangele amazinga omoya-mpilo aphansi ayingozi ngesikhathi ingane iphumule.

Lo mhlahlandlela ngowezinjongo zokwaziswa futhi awuthathi indawo yokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqeqeshiwe noma ukuqeqeshwa kokuhlenga impilo. Wonke umnikazi wechibi lokubhukuda kanye nomzali kufanele enze izifundo ze-CPR/AED kanye nezokuPhepha kwamanzi nge-Red Cross, i-Royal Life Saving Society, noma i-St John Ambulance.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Ukuphefumula okujulile, ukuphefumula okuvamile, kanye ne-hypoxic yokuphefumula
• Ukungena kwedamu lokubhukuda kanye nokuminza kukagesi
• I-water slide, i-wave pool, i-lazy river, kanye ne-waterpark lifeguard triage
• CPR nokuphefumula kokuhlenga kwabantu abadala, izingane, nezinsana
• Ukunakekelwa kwe-Hypothermia kanye nokucwiliswa kwamanzi abandayo
• Izinombolo zesimo esiphuthumayo ngezwe

Imithombo neziqondiso ezisemthethweni¶

• Ikhomishana Yase-United States Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi (i-CPSC): Imihlahlandlela Ephephile Yephuli kanye Nesexwayiso Sokuphepha: Amakhava e-Solar Pool kanye ne-Unanchored Winter Tarp Abeka Ingozi Efihliwe Yokucwila (I-ASTM F1346 Ukucaciswa Okujwayelekile Kwamakhava Ephuli).
• I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, United States) & American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Ukuvimbela Ukuminza: Umbiko Wezobuchwepheshe Ngothango Olulodwa Olunezinhlangothi Ezi-4, Ukufakwa Kwekhava Yechibi, kanye Nokuhlola Ukucwiliswa Kwezingane.
• I-American Heart Association (AHA) kanye neKomidi Lokuxhumanisa Lamazwe Ngamazwe Lokuvuselelwa (ILCOR): Iziqondiso Zokuvuselela I-Cardiopulmonary kanye Nokunakekelwa Kwezinhliziyo Eziphuthumayo: Izimo Ezikhethekile: Ukuminza Nokuboshwa Kwe-Asphyxial Cardiac (Okubalulekile Kokuphefumula Kokuphefumula).
• I-European Resuscitation Council (ERC) & Resuscitation Council UK: Imihlahlandlela Yokuvuselela Eminzini (5 I-Initial Rescue Breaths Protocol) kanye ne-Royal Life Saving Society (RLSS) Amazinga Okuphepha Ephuli Yasekhaya.
• IKomidi Lase-Australia nelaseNew Zealand Lokuvusa (ANZCOR) & Royal Life Saving Society Australia: Isiqondiso 9.3.2 Ukuvuswa Kabusha Kwezisulu Eziminza & Nezithiyo Zephuli Yasekhaya Nemithetho Yekhava (AS 1926.1).