I-Keyless Push-Button Car Igijima Egaraji Elinamathiselwe (I-CO Infiltration)¶

Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ukushintshwa okusabalele kokhiye bensimbi bokuthungela nge-ama-fobs okhiye bokusondela okungenantambo, ukuthungela inkinobho yokusunduza okuthi Qala/Misa, ama-powertrains axubile kaphethiloli-ugesi ayingxubevange, kanye nezinhlelo ze-smartphone-remote-start kudale enye yezingozi ezibulalayo kakhulu ezivelayo zokuhlala eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Ngokophenyo lweNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), i-Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), kanye neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), inqwaba yabashayeli minyaka yonke bangena egaraji lendawo yokuhlala enamathiselwe, bavale isicabha segalaji elingaphezulu, bahambise imoto ePaki (noma bavele baphume ngenkathi bephethe ifolosi yokhiye ongenazintambo ephaketheni labo), futhi ngaphandle kwephakethe* lenjini yokhiye engenantambo igijima** Okubi nakakhulu, lapho hybrid noma i-plug-in hybrid (PHEV) imoto ingena egaraji ngemodi ethule yebhethri-ugesi (EV) futhi umshayeli akhohlwe ukucindezela inkinobho yamandla ngaphambi kokungena ngaphakathi ngefob, imoto ihlala ithule imizuzu engu-30 kuya kwangu-90 kuze kuphele ibhethri elidonsayo futhi injini yomlilo ovuthayo yangaphakathi iphuma ngaphakathi kugalaji likaphethiloli lizivala ngokuzenzekelayo0 ngenkathi igalaji lizivala ngokuzenzakalelayo* elele phezulu.

Phakathi emizuzwini engu-5 ukuya kweyi-15 ngaphakathi kwegalaji lezimoto ezimbili elivaliwe, umpompi wezimoto ohamba kancane oshayela igaraji i-carbon monoxide (CO) ukugxila kudlule izingxenye ezingu-1,200 esigidini (ppm), umkhawulo obekwe yiNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) njengokuthi klzzwxh:0007 (DLL ngokuesha futhi Iyingozi) 3,000 kuya ku-10,00ppm. Ngenxa yokuthi igaraji elinamathiselwe labelana ozimele wodonga, ama-joist osilingi, ukujahwa kwamapayipi, kanye nomnyango oxhumayo wangaphakathi onendlu enkulu, umphumela wemvelo okhuphukayo wesitaki esishisayo** wekya elifudumele udonsa ifu le-CO eligxilile, elingenaphunga, elingabonakali egaraji futhi lisabalalisa ngqo emakamelweni okulala atholakala ngaphezu kwegalaji nakuyo yonke indawo yokuhlala. Ngisho nokuvula umnyango wegaraji ongaphezulu ukuze imoto ifudumale imizuzu engu-10 ekuseni yasebusika kungampompa 300 kuya ku-500 ppm we-CO endlini lapho umoya uvunguza khipha umoya ngaphakathi kwetheku legalaji elivulekile. Ukwazi ukuphuma ekhaya ngaphandle kokuvula umnyango wegalaji ongaphakathi egumbini legesi le-IDLH, vula umnyango wegaraji ongaphezulu ongaphandle, bese ukhipha amaphakethe e-CO ahlala emagumbini ebhonasi kusindisa izimpilo.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Khipha wonke umuntu kanye nesilwane esifuywayo endlini ngokushesha ngomnyango wangaphandle wangaphambili noma ongemuva (UNGAZE ungene egalaji). Ungayeki ukuqoqa okungokwakhe, ugqokise izingane, noma ubheke induku yokhiye wemoto. Uma noma ubani elele noma evilapha ekamelweni lokulala elitholakala ngokuqondile ngaphezu kwegalaji elinamathiselwe, mvuse futhi umthwale noma umsize umkhiphele otshanini obungaphambili ngokushesha.
2. Gcina umnyango ongaphakathi oxhuma indlu negaraji IVALIWE ngokuqinile. Lowo mnyango womlilo wangaphakathi uwukuphela komgoqo ophethe izingxenye eziyizinkulungwane ngesigidi ngasinye sokukhipha okompompi kamsila okugxilile ngaphakathi kwetheku legaraji. Ishiye ivaliwe.
3. Shayela yangakini izinombolo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States nase-Canada, 112 ngaphesheya kwe-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom) kusukela egcekeni elingaphambili. Tshela othunyiwe ngokucacile: "Imoto ishiywe ngephutha igijima ngaphakathi kwegalaji lethu elivaliwe futhi i-carbon monoxide ingena endlini." Abacimi bomlilo baphethe amamitha e-electrochemical multi-gas metres kanye namafeni wokucindezela okuphazamisayo kanye ne-BrelfV-ventilation eguquliwe (PPV) (SCBA) amaphakethe omoya ukuze angene egalaji ngokuphepha.
4. Uma unokhiye wakho ongenazintambo, uhlelo lokusebenza lwemoto ye-smartphone, noma ikhiphedi yangaphandle yomnyango wegaraji enawe NGAPHANDLE egcekeni: vula isicabha segaraji esingaphezulu esingaphezulu bese uvala imoto ukude ukusuka endleleni ngaphandle kokungena ngaphakathi egaraji.
5. Yima okungenani amamitha angu-5 (amafidi angu-16) emuva ku-driveway bese ucindezela ikhiphedi yokuvula umnyango wegalaji engenantambo (noma inkinobho yokuvula igaraji emotweni yesibili epake ngaphandle) ukuze uphakamise umnyango omkhulu wegalaji ongaphezulu ukuze umusi wegesi uphumele esibhakabhakeni.
6. Uma imoto yakho iqalwe ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-fob noma i-smartphone (i-FordPass, i-MyChevrolet, i-Toyota, i-Hyundai Bluelink, i-HondaLink), cindezela inkinobho ethi Misa Injini / Khansela Isiqalo Esikude kufoni yakho noma i-fob yokhiye ngenkathi umile egcekeni.
7. Ungalokothi uhambe ngaphakathi kwendawo evulekile yegalaji ngemva nje kokuvula umnyango ongaphezulu; linda ngaphandle ukuze izicishamlilo zisule igaraji ngamamitha egesi.
8. Hlola wonke amalungu omndeni ukuze abone izimpawu zokuqala zobuthi be-carbon monoxide njengamanje. Ngenxa yokuthi i-carbon monoxide ibopha ku-hemoglobin izikhathi ezingu-200 kuya kwezingu-240 iqine kakhulu kunomoya-mpilo (okwakha carboxyhemoglobin, COHb), wonke umuntu owayengaphakathi endlini kufanele ahlolwe abezimo eziphuthumayo mayelana** nekhanda elibuhlungu ethempelini, isiyezi, isicanucanu, ukudangala, ukudideka, ukudideka, ukudideka, isiyezi, isiyezi, isiyezi, ukudideka, ukudideka, ukudideka, ukudideka, ukudideka, ukudideka, ukudideka uma beqala ukuzizwa bengcono emoyeni omusha wangaphandle. Buyekeza wethu i-carbon monoxide kanye nentuthu inhalation umhlahlandlela wosizo lokuqala.
9. **Lapho izicishamlilo sezivale imoto futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga e-CO angaphakathi ehle ngaphansi kuka-9 ppm: vula igalaji, uphahla oluphahleni, namagumbi okulala ngaphezu kwegalaji.

Ishadi eliphuthumayo lemoto yegaraji elinamathiselwe kwi-carbon monoxide¶

Landela lesi sihlahla sesinqumo esiqinile sokuphepha kwempilo ngenkathi usola ukuthi imoto ishiywe egaraji elinamathiselwe noma i-alamu ye-CO yasendlini iyasebenza.

flowchart TD
    Start["Imisindo Ye-alamu ye-CO NOMA Ukugijima Kwemoto Okuqaphelekile<br/>Ngaphakathi Kwegaraji Elinamathiselwe"] --> RuleOne["1. UNGAvuli umnyango wendlu ngegalaji ongaphakathi endlini ngegalaji<br/>2. Khipha bonke abantu nezilwane ezifuywayo ngaphandle komnyango PHAMBI/NGEMUVA<br/>(Bheka igumbi lokulala ngqo ngenhla kwegaraji kuqala)"]

    RuleOne --> Call911["Shayela ku-911/112/999 kusukela eYadini Yangaphandle"]

    Call911 --> RemoteCheck{"Ungakwazi ukuvula umnyango omkhulu ongaphezulu <br/>wegaraji wangaphandle kusukela NGAPHANDLE endleleni yokungena?"}

    RemoteCheck -->|"YEBO: Ikhiphedi yodonga lwangaphandle, isilawuli kude esiyisipele,<br/>noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwegaraji oluhlakaniphile luyatholakala"| OpenDoor["Vula Umnyango Wegaraji Eliphezulu ukusuka ku-Driveway.<br/>YIMELA EMUVA ku-5 m (16 ft) kusukela kupayipi legesi elikhathalayo.<br/>Sebenzisa Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwe-Smartphone / I-Remote Fob ukuze Umise Injini uma ifakwe."]

    RemoteCheck -->|"CHA: Ayikho ikhiphedi yangaphandle noma isilawuli kude ngaphandle"| WaitFD["Hlala Usemoyeni Omusha Eyadini Yangaphambili.<br/>Linda Izicishamlilo kuma-SCBA Air Pack<br/>ukuze uphule isicabha segaraji futhi uvale ukuthungela."]

    OpenDoor --> MedicalTriage{"Ingabe ukhona onekhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu,<br/>isiyezi, ukudideka, noma ukhulelwe/usana?"}
    WaitFD --> MedicalTriage

    MedicalTriage -->|"YEBO: Noma yiluphi uphawu noma umhlali osengozini enkulu"| EMSCare["I-EMS esheshayo engu-100% Imaski Ye-oksijeni Egeleza Kakhulu<br/>& Ukuhlolwa Kwe-CO-Oximetry Yesibhedlela<br/>(I-oximeter ye-pulse finger oximeter inikeza ukufundwa okujwayelekile okungaMANGA)"]

    MedicalTriage -->|"CHA: I-Asymptomatic & FD isula indlu (<9 ppm)"| HousePurge["Sebenzisa I-4-Zone Enamathiselwe Igalaji Yokuhlanza:<br/>1. Vula indawo yegalaji + namafasitela endlu aphambene<br/>2. Hlanza igumbi lebhonasi ngaphezu kwegalaji<br/>3. Shintshanisa i-weatherstripping yomnyango wegaraji nokuzisondeza"]

I-matrix yokuqhathanisa: izinhlobo ze-propulsion yemoto kanye nokukhishwa kwe-CO egaraji evaliwe¶

Abashayeli abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi izimoto zesimanje zikaphethiloli we-ultra-low-emission, iziguquli ze-catalytic, noma ama-hybrids kaphethiloli kagesi azikwazi ukukhiqiza i-carbon monoxide ebulalayo ngaphakathi kwegalaji. Ngenkathi imoto yesimanje ejovwe uphethiloli egijima kuthelawayeka ikhiqiza i-CO ephansi kunemoto ye-carbureted yango-1970, noma yimuphi uphethiloli noma injini kadizili esebenza ngaphakathi egalaji elivaliwe elingama-cubic-metres angu-100 (3,500-cubic-foot) iqeda ngokushesha umoya-mpilo wasegaraji futhi iphakamisa i-carbon monoxide ezingxenyeni eziyizinkulungwane zezinkulungwane.

Kungani uvumela imoto "ifudumale" egaraji elinamathiselwe ILIVULELWE Umnyango Wegaraji kuseyingozi¶

Enye yezinganekwane zasebusika eziphikelelayo ukuthi kuphephile ukuqalisa imoto yakho ngaphakathi kwegaraji elinamathiselwe bese uyiyeka ingasebenzi imizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyi-10 ukuze ufudumale iwindi lomoya inqobo nje uma uvula umnyango omkhulu wegaraji ongaphezulu kuqala.

Ukuhlolwa kwenkambu okubuyekezwe ngontanga okwenziwa abacwaningi e-Iowa State University, Health Canada, kanye noMnyango Wezempilo wase-Minnesota kuhlole lesi simo ngokuvula umnyango ongaphezulu wegalaji elinamathiselwe nokuqalisa imoto ebandayo ngaphakathi kwetheku: 1. Ingxube kaphethiloli ecebile eqala ngokubanda (Ngaphambi kokuthi isiguquli se-catalytic sifudumale): - Emaminithini wokuqala 2 kuya kwemi-5 ngemva kokuqalisa injini ebandayo kaphethiloli ebusika, ikhompuyutha yenjini ijova ingxube ecebile ye-fuel-to-air (i-open-loop enrichment) kuyilapho indlela emithathu isiguquli se-catalytic ngaphansi kwemoto sisabanda ngamatshe (**ngaphansi kuka-250 kuya ku-300 degrees Celsius / 5000 kuya ku-500 kuya ku-500 degrees Fahrenheit). - Kuze kube yilapho isiguquli se-catalytic sifinyelela izinga lokushisa lokukhanya, siguqula cishe i-zero carbon monoxide ibe i-carbon dioxide, okusho ukuthi ubhobhobhobho uqhuma 30,000 kuya ku-70,000 ppm we-carbon monoxide eluhlaza khona kanye ngemuva kwegaraji. 2. I-Wind eddy ibamba ngaphakathi kwendawo evulekile yegalaji: - Ngisho nomnyango wegalaji ongaphezulu ongu-2.4 x 4.8-metres (8-by-16-foot) ovuleke kakhulu, umoya wangaphandle ovunguza ngaphambili wendlu udala i-vortex enyakazayo ephusha ipayipi elikhipha umoya elishisayo liqonde odongeni olungemuva nophahla lwegalaji. - Ezivivinyweni zase-Iowa State University, ukuqhuba imoto nje imizuzu engu-2 nomnyango wegalaji ongaphezulu uvulekile unyuse ikhabhoni ye-carbon monoxide ngaphakathi egalaji ukuze ngaphezu kuka-400 kuya ku-500 ppm, nokuvula umnyango ongaphakathi wendlu ngegaraji imizuzwana engu-10 njengoba umshayeli ebuyela ngaphakathi evumela i-slug esikhulu se-CO ukuthi singene endlini amahora futhi sihlale sivaleleke. 3. Umthetho Ophoqelekile: - Vula umnyango wegaraji ongaphezulu, qala injini, bese ubuyisela imoto emuva yonke indlela yokuphumela ngaphandle NGOKUSHESHA (phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-15 kuya kwangu-30), bese uvala umnyango wegaraji ongaphezulu ukuze umoya ongaphandle ungavunguzi i-driveway exhaust ibuyele endaweni yegalaji.

Indlela i-carbon monoxide enyonyoba ngayo isuka egalaji elinamathiselwe iye kumagumbi okulala angaphezulu¶

Abanikazi bezindlu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi umnyango wangaphakathi phakathi kwegalaji nekhishi uvaliwe, intuthu egaraji ihlala egaraji. Eqinisweni, izifundo zesayensi yokwakha zibonisa ukuthi igaraji elinamathiselwe lixhunywe emoyeni endaweni yokuhlala ngokusebenzisa **imigwaqo emine engabonakali **:

1. I-Bonus Room Joist Cavity (Amakamelo okulala Ngaphezu Kwegaraji)¶

Ezigidini zemizi yesimanje yasemadolobheni enezitezi ezimbili, i-*master bedroom noma "igumbi lebhonasi" lengane lihlala ngqo phezu kophahla lwegaraji olunamathiselwe **. - Ngenkathi amakhodi okwakha edinga 16-millimeter (⅝-inch Type X) i-drywall enesilinganiso somlilo kusilingi wegalaji, abasebenza ngogesi, abasebenza ngamapayipi, nababazi abafake izinhlaka bavame ukushiya *izikhala ezingavaliwe ezizungeze i-I-joists yesakhiwo, ama-rim joists, amalambu avaliwe, abakaki abavula isicabha segaraji phansi, nezitebhisi. - Ngenxa yokuthi umoya ofudumele uyakhuphuka (umphumela wesiteki), amachibi emfucumfucu emfucumfucu yezimoto asondelene nosilingi wegalaji, udlulele udlule imithungo yodonga olomile olungakashintshiwe ungene endaweni ehlanganisa uphahla lwegalaji nephansi elingaphansi kwegumbi, futhi ukhuphuke uqonde ezikhaleni zikakhaphethi webhodi eliphansi kanye namarejista okushisa aphansi ekamelo lokulala elingenhla. Ngokuvamile, igumbi lokulala ngqo phezu kwegalaji lifinyelela ekugxilweni kwe-CO ebulalayo ngaphambi kwekhishi eduze kwegaraji.

2. Isithando somlilo se-HVAC noma Isibambi Somoya Esitholakala Ngaphakathi Kwegaraji¶

Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile (njengaseNingizimu naseNtshonalanga ye-United States), abakhi bavamise ukufaka isithando somoya esiphoqelelwe esimaphakathi sasekhaya noma isibambi somoya sephampu yokushisa, kanye ne-sheet-metal return-air plenum, ngqo ngaphakathi kwegalaji elinamathiselwe. - Uma i-fan blower yomlilo ivuleka, ipayipi elibuyisela umoya ngaphakathi egaraji lisebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi enamandla negative suction (-25 to -100 Pascals). - Noma yiliphi igebe elincane kumnyango wesikhala sokuhlunga, itheyiphu ye-mastic, noma iplathifomu yodonga olufakwa egalaji ngaphansi kwesithando somlilo esibekwe egalaji lisebenza njengesicoci esikhulu se-vacuum, ukuncela umbhobho womsila wegaraji ogxilile ngqo emgudwini wokubuyisela bese uwuphephetha kulo lonke irejista yokuhlinzeka ngekamelo endlini phakathi nemizuzwana engu-60.

3. I-Central Vacuum Exhausts, Abalandeli Bendlu Yonke, kanye ne-Dryyer Negative Pressure¶

Ukuphatha okomisa izingubo, ihood yasekhishini, noma ifeni yokukhipha umoya wasendlini yangasese ngaphakathi endlini kwehlisa umfutho womoya osendlini ohlobene negalaji, ukuguqula zonke izimbobo zokhiye, igebe lomkhawulo, kanye nendawo yokukhipha ugesi odongeni lwegaraji elihlanganyelwe kube yimbobo yokudonsa ngaphakathi edonsa umoya egaraji endlini.

4. Uwephula Kanjani Noma Uvula Umnyango Wegaraji Obhajwe Ngaphandle Ngesikhathi Sokucisha Ugesi¶

Uma imoto ishiywe isebenza ngaphakathi kwegaraji elinamathiselwe phakathi nokuphela kwamandla kagesi esiphepho sasebusika (ngakho ikhiphedi yokuvula umnyango wegaraji engaphezulu kukagesi obondeni olungaphandle ayinawo ugesi) futhi awunawo isilinda kakhiye wangaphandle womnyango oseceleni kwegaraji: - Ungalokothi uhambe endlini ukuze udonse intambo ebomvu yokukhipha izimo eziphuthumayo ngaphakathi egaraji. - Tshela i-911 / 112 / 999 dispatcher ngokushesha ukuthi amandla aphelile futhi imoto ibanjwe igijima ngaphakathi kwegaraji elivaliwe; izicishamlilo zingakwazi ukwephula mathupha iphaneli engezansi noma i-jamb eseceleni yomnyango wegalaji ongaphezulu we-aluminium ophuma ngaphandle ngemizuzwana engu-20 besebenzisa isaha elijikelezayo lokuhlenga noma ibha ye-Halligan ngenkathi umnyango wendlu ngegaraji uvaliwe. - Ukuze uzilungiselele esikhathini esizayo, uma igaraji lakho lingenaso isicabha sabahamba ngezinyawo sangaphandle, faka ukhiye othi Isilinda Esikhiya Esiphuthumayo Esingaphandle ephanelini eliphezulu lomnyango wakho wegaraji ongaphezulu (ishubhu yekhebula enokhiye olula edonsa inqola yokuvula ingaphakathi emgwaqeni ongaphandle lapho ugesi uphelile).

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo iphrothokholi yokuhlanza igaraji elinamathiselwe nendlu ngemuva komcimbi we-CO¶

Uma izicishamlilo seziyivalile imoto, zavula igaraji, zalinganisa umoya ongaphakathi endlini ngezinzwa zikagesi ezilinganiselwe, ungavele uvale iminyango uphinde ulale. I-Carbon monoxide evaleleke ngaphakathi kwezimbotshana zodonga, amakhabethe, ama-joist egumbi lebhonasi, namakhabethe esitoreji segaraji angaqoqwa kabusha (abophe kabusha) ngemva kokuvalwa kwamafasitela.

1. Gcina umnyango wegalaji ongaphezulu ungamaphesenti angu-100 UVULEKILE futhi umnyango wendlu ngegalaji wangaphakathi ungamaphesenti angu-100 IVALIWE phakathi nokuqhunyiswa kwegaraji okuyimizuzu engama-30:
2. Kungani ugcine umnyango oxhumayo uvaliwe ekuqaleni? Ngoba indawo yegalaji ingase ibambe amaphakethe kagesi ongu-500-ppm eduze kwebhampa engaphambili yemoto, futhi ufuna lelo phakethe elisindayo lifuthe liphume ngomnyango omkhulu wendlela yokungena, hhayi egumbini lakho lokuphumula.
3. Uma unesiphephetha-moya sebhokisi, sibeke embundwini we-driveway evulekile sivunguza ngaphandle (noma usibeke eceleni komnyango wegceke wangaphandle wegalaji sivunguza ngaphakathi ngasemgwaqweni ovulekile) imizuzu engama-30.
4. Ngenisa umoya ngasikhathi sinye izindawo zokuhlala (ikakhulukazi amagumbi phezu kwegaraji):
5. Vula okungenani amawindi amabili ezinhlangothini ezibhekene kuzo zonke izitezi zendlu (izinhlangothi ezinomoya nezivunguzayo) ukuze udale umoya ovunguzayo wemvelo.
6. Kunoma yiliphi igumbi lokulala noma igumbi lebhonasi elitholakala ngenhla noma eduze kwegalaji, vula wonke amafasitela ububanzi, vula iminyango yekhabethe, futhi udonse ama-scuttle ama-scuttle okufinyelela e-attic avuleke kancane uma umusi ungena ku-attic ngaphezu kwegalaji.
7. Hlola isibambi somoya se-HVAC esifakwe egaraji ngaphambi kokuvula ukushisa noma i-AC:
8. Uma isithando somlilo sakho noma isibambi somoya sihlala ngaphakathi egaraji, vumela igaraji liphume ngokuphelele imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwangu-45 ngaphambi kokuvula ifeni yokufutha ye-HVAC yangaphakathi. Uma umoya wegaraji usunomoya wangaphandle ongamaphesenti angu-100, shintsha ifeni ye-thermostat iye kokuthi VULIWE kuyilapho amafasitela endlu esavuliwe ukuze akhiphe noma iyiphi i-CO ehlezi inganyakazi ngaphakathi kwezigxobo zamapayipi ensimbi.
9. Yenza "Imizuzu engama-30 Ukuhlola Ukuphinda Kwendlu Evaliwe":
10. Ngemva kokungenisa umoya imizuzu engu-60, vala amafasitela bese uqapha i-alamu ye-digital-readout yezinga eliphansi le-carbon monoxide (ebonisa inombolo ye-ppm yehle iye ku-10 ppm) esitezi ngasinye imizuzu engu-30 ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi amazinga e-CO ahlala ku-0 ppm futhi awaphindeli esuka komunye umthombo (njenge-heater yamanzi ephukile noma i-furna furuft).

Usizo lokuqala lokuchayeka kwe-carbon monoxide yemoto¶

Umbhobho wemoto awuqukethe kuphela i-carbon monoxide (CO), kodwa futhi i-nitrogen dioxide (\(\text{NO}_2\)), ama-hydrocarbon angashisiwe (benzene, formaldehyde, acrolein), ne-ultrafine particulate soot.

1. Hambisa emoyeni omusha wangaphandle ngokushesha futhi ugcine umuntu ephumule ngokuthula:
2. Ngisho nangemva kokuphuma endlini, ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba (njengokugijima noma ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo) kwandisa isidingo somoya-mpilo samangqamuzana lapho imisipha yenhliziyo isivele indlala umoya-mpilo ngenxa ye-carboxyhemoglobin. Vumela wonke umuntu ahlale noma alale ngokukhululeka ngaphandle.
3. Ungalokothi uthembe umunwe ojwayelekile we-Pulse Oximeter (\(\text{SpO}_2\) clip) ngemva kokuchayeka ku-CO:
4. Iqiniso elibalulekile lezokwelapha: Indlu evamile enamaza amaza amabili noma i-ambulensi ipulse oximeter yomunweayikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-hemoglobin evamile ebophe umoya-mpilo (\(\text{O}_2\text{Hb}\)) kanye ne-carbon-monoxide-bound carboxyhemoglobin enobuthi (\(\text{COHb}\)) ngoba yomibili imunca ukukhanya okubomvu cishe ku-660 nanometer.
5. Umuntu onoshevu obulalayo amaphesenti angu-35 we-carboxyhemoglobin uzobonisa ngokujwayelekile ukuqinisekiswa okungamanga "98% noma u-99% wokugcwala komoyampilo" ku-oximeter ye-pulse finger. I-multi-wavelength ekhethekile kuphela CO-oximeter (ephathwa amayunithi amaningi okutakula umlilo kanye neminyango yezimo eziphuthumayo yasesibhedlela) noma ukukhishwa kwegesi yegazi le-venous/arterial kungakala amazinga eqiniso we-COHb.
6. Kungani i-oxygen yezokwelapha engamaphesenti angu-100 (noma i-hyperbaric oxygen) ibalulekile:
7. Ukuphefumula umoya ojwayelekile wegumbi langaphandle (i-oksijini engu-21%), uhhafu wempilo ye-carbon monoxide egazini lomuntu ungamahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-5* (okusho ukuthi kuthatha amahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-5 ukuze izinga le-CO egazini lakho lehle ngesigamu).
8. Ukuphefumula iphesenti elingu-100 le-normobaric i-oksijeni yezokwelapha ngokusebenzisa imaski eqinile engaphefumuli kabusha evela kwabezimo eziphuthumayo iyasikeka eqeda uhhafu wempilo yehle ibe ngu-60 kuya kumaminithi angu-90, kanye I-Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) endaweni engu-2.5 kuya ku-3.0 emkhathini egumbini lesibhedlela* inqanda ukulibaziseka kwemizwa engu-30*20 kuya ku-30 kwemizwa i-sequelae (ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, izinguquko zobuntu, nokundindizela kwe-Parkinsonian okungavela ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-40 ngemva kokuchayeka okukhulu egaraji).
9. Abesifazane abakhulelwe, izinsana, izingane, abantu abadala asebekhulile, nanoma ubani onesifo se-coronary artery kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi bahlolwe esibhedlela ngemva komcimbi we-CO egalaji: i-fetus hemoglobin ibopha i-carbon monoxide ngisho nangaphezu kwe-hemoglobin yomuntu omdala kamama, okusho ukuthi ingane engakazalwa ithola ubuthi obuphezulu be-CO futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukususa igesi kunomama.

Ungayivimba kanjani unomphela "Keyless Car Left Running" kanye nokungenwa kwegaraji¶

Thatha lezi zinyathelo ezinhlanu zobunjiniyela kuleli sonto ukuze imoto ekhohliwe yezinkinobho ezicindezelayo ingasoze yaba ushevu endlini yakho:

• 1. Faka i-alamu yebhethri yeminyaka engu-10 ye-Carbon Monoxide Alarm ephasishi ngaphandle kwayo yonke indawo yokulala KANYE ngokuqondile ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokulala ngaphezu kwegalaji: Ungalokothi ufake i-alamu ye-CO evamile yasendlini ngaphakathi kwetheku legalaji elinothuli, eliqandayo/ elishisayo ngokwalo (izinga lokushisa elibi kakhulu kanye nokuqaliswa okufushane kukhukhumeza izinzwa ezingcolile ze-electrochemical yokuhlala); esikhundleni salokho, faka i-alamu UL 2034 / EN 50291 eqinisekisiwe ye-CO ene-digital ppm display khona kanye ngaphakathi endlini ngaphakathi amamitha angu-3 (amafidi angu-10) omnyango wegalaji ongaphakathi nangaphakathi kwe-igumbi lokulala ngenhla kwegaraji* (ixhunywe kahle ngokungenantambo ukuze uma i-alamu yegumbi lodaka elingaphansi izwa ngokushesha i-CO5, i-alamu iqala ngokushesha i-CO5, i-alamu iqala ukuvela kuqala).
• 2. Faka Isithwebuli Sokushisa (HHAYI i-alamu yentuthu) ngaphakathi kwegaraji: Uma imoto egijimayo ekhohliwe ishisa ngokweqile noma ibhethri le-EV livutha umlilo ngaphakathi kwegaraji, i-135°F / 57°C izinga lokushisa eligxilile / izinga lokukhuphuka I-Alarm Yokushisa* exhunywe kuma-alamu entuthu yasekhaya izokhala i-alamu ngaphandle kokucupha umsila wamanga ovamile.
• 3. Yenza okubonakalayo kwe-"Fob Hook by the Ignition" noma uvule i-Auto-Shutoff:
• Hlola ukubuyekezwa kwesofthiwe yomnikazi wemoto yakho noma yokuthengisa: Ngokulandela uphenyo lwezokuphepha lwe-NHTSA kanye namazinga e-SAE J3125, izimoto eziningi ezingamamodeli akamuva manje zinikeza umthengisi ohlelekayo 30- noma 60-Minute Idle Auto-Shutoff isici kanye nesixwayiso sangaphandle esinomsindo wokutshiyoza okuthathu noma nini lapho sivala izicabha zokhiye futhi zivala izicabha zomshayeli. Ungalokothi ucime isixwayiso sokutshiyoza kabili kwephondo langaphandle kuzilungiselelo zemoto yakho.
• 4. Vala futhi ulungise isimo sezulu Umnyango Wendlu Ngegaraji futhi ufake Izihinji Ezizivalayo:
• Hlola i-perimeter yomnyango womlilo oqinile phakathi kwegalaji lakho nendlu: shintsha irabha edabukile i-weatherstripping bese ufaka ukushanela kwesicabha esingaphansi esingangenisi ukuze ungaboni ukukhanya emaphethelweni omnyango.
• Lungisa noma faka amahinji ezicabha ezizivalayo ezilayishwe intwasahlobo ukuze umnyango uzidonse ngokuzenzakalelayo uvale futhi uxhume njalo lapho othile ephethe igrosa ngaphakathi.
• 5. Vala Isilingi Segaraji kanye Nokungena Odongeni Okwabelwene Ngalo Nge-Caulk / Foam Elinganiselwe Ngomlilo:
• Sebenzisa i-intumescent fire-block sealant (i-caulk yomlilo ebomvu/ewolintshi) nodaka lwe-drywall ukuze uvale yonke imbobo yamapayipi, igebe lamabhokisi kagesi, ipayipi lokuvala eliphakathi nendawo, kanye ne-gasket yezitebhisi zokudonsela phansi egalaji kusilingi wegalaji nodonga lwendlu.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa¶

Ingabe imoto yesimanje yezinkinobho ezicindezelayo engenakhiye ayizicishi uma ngingena endlini ngifake ukhiye ephaketheni lami?¶

Ezigidini zezimoto ezakhiwe phakathi kuka-2006 nasekuqaleni kwawo-2020, impendulo ithi cha: uma injini yenkinobho yokusunduza isiqalisiwe, iklanywe ngenhloso ENGAVALWA nje ngoba ukhiye wokhiye ongenazintambo ulahlekelwa isignali noma ishiya imoto (njengesixwayiso sezokuphepha ukuze ibhethri elifayo lingakwazi ukumisa injini yakho ku-110 km/h emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka). Ngaphandle kwalapho imodeli yemoto yakho inesibali sikhathi se-Park Idle Auto-Shutoff esibuyekeziwe semizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengu-60 esinikwe amandla, imoto yezinkinobho ezicindezelayo noma ingxubevange eshiywe ePaki ngaphakathi kwegaraji izoqhubeka isebenza amahora kuze kube yilapho lonke ithangi likaphethiloli loma.

Imoto eyihybrid ingagcwalisa kanjani igaraji lethu nge-carbon monoxide phakathi nobusuku uma injini yayingasebenzi ngisho nalapho ngiyipaka?¶

Uma udonsela ihybrid kaphethiloli nogesi egaraji ngesivinini esiphansi, injini kaphethiloli ngokuvamile iyacisha futhi imoto itshuza ingena ngokuthula ngamandla ebhethri kagesi (imodi ye-EV). Uma ushintsha ungene ePaki futhi uhambe ngaphakathi endlini ngaphandle kokucindezela inkinobho Yamandla ukuze uVALE imoto, imoto ihlala ikumodi ethi "KULUNGILE" ngesilawuli sayo sezulu, amalambu asebenza emini, namandla adonsa amandla kagesi ebhethri eliyingxubevange elinamandla amakhulu; Emizuzwini engu-30 kuya kwengu-90 kamuva, ngemva kokuba ulele, ukushajwa kwebhethri eliyingxubevange kwehla kuze kufike emngceleni ophansi futhi ikhompuyutha yemoto iqale ngokuzenzakalelayo injini kaphethiloli ngaphakathi kwegaraji elivaliwe ukuze ishaje ibhethri.

Uma ngephutha ngimise imoto yami ngaphakathi egaraji elivaliwe imizuzu engu-10 futhi isivele izivale, ingabe kuphephile ukungena egaraji ukuze ngiye emsebenzini?¶

Cha, ungahambi ngomnyango ongaphakathi wendlu ngegalaji ungene egalaji elivaliwe lapho imoto iqeda ukujikeleza umjikelezo wokuqalisa ukude wemizuzu eyi-10. Noma injini ivaliwe, imizuzu eyi-10 yokungenzi lutho okubandayo isivele igcwalise indawo yegalaji evalekile enezingxenye eziyi-1,000 kuya kwezingu-3,000+ esigidini ngasinye se-carbon monoxide engenaphunga elihlala livaleleke njengechibi lokubhukuda elinobuthi; esikhundleni salokho, phuma ngomnyango wendlu yakho yangaphambili, sebenzisa ikhiphedi yakho yangaphandle noma isilawuli kude sendlela yokungena ukuze uvule umnyango omkhulu wegalaji ongaphezulu, futhi uhlale emuva endleleni yokungena okungenani imizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-20 kuyilapho umoya omusha wangaphandle uphumela ngaphandle kwetheku legalaji ngaphambi kokungena emotweni yakho.

Kungani i-alamu ye-carbon monoxide esitezi esiphezulu ekamelweni elingaphezu kwegalaji ikhale ngaphambi kwe-alamu ephansi ephasishi?¶

Isikhutha esishisayo sepayipi lemoto siphuma ku-muffler ku-150 kuya ku-300 degrees Celsius (300 kuya ku-600 degrees Fahrenheit), senze i-exhaust plume ifudumale kakhulu futhi ivuvukele kunomoya opholile ongaphakathi kwegalaji lakho. I-CO plume eshisayo ikhuphuka iqonde ophahleni lwegalaji, ingene ezikhaleni ezincane kakhulu ezungeze amathini okukhanyisa avaliwe, amabhawodi okuvula isicabha segalaji, kanye nama-rim joists angene endaweni engaphansi ngaphansi kwegumbi lebhonasi eliphezulu, futhi akhuphukele ekamelweni elingaphezu kwegalaji ngaphambi kokuba igesi eningi isabalale ivundlile ngomnyango ongezansi.

Imithombo ihloliwe¶

• INational Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, United States): Keyless Ignition Systems, Rollaway neCarbon Monoxide Infiltration Safety Advisories kanye Ne-SAE J3125 Keyless Ignition Standards.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) & National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Esuka Ezimotweni Ezisemagaraji Anamathiselwe kanye Ne-NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Carbon Monoxide IDLH (1,200 ppm).
• Ikhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi Yase-United States (i-CPSC): Izingozi Zemoto Engenakhiye Ye-Carbon Monoxide kanye Nokubekwa Kwe-alamu Yendawo Yendawo yokuhlala.
• I-Health Canada & Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC): Ukudlulisa Okungcolisa Igaraji Okunamathiselwe, Ukungena Kwe-Stack Effect, kanye Nezifundo Zokukhipha Imoto Ebandayo.
• Umnyango we-Iowa State University of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering: Ukunqwabelana Kwe-Carbon Monoxide Emagaraji Anamathiselwe Ngesikhathi Se-Cold-Start Idling Neminyango Yegaraji Evuliwe Futhi Ivaliwe.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• I-Carbon monoxide nokuhogela intuthu usizo lokuqala
• Ama-alamu wesitholi se-Carbon monoxide kanye nokuphuma
• Ukuphepha kwe-generator nokuvimbela i-carbon monoxide
• Isishisi sokushisa esiqhekekile segesi yemvelo kanye nokuhlelwa kwemuva
• Ukuvuza kwegesi: indlela yokubona futhi uphume ngokuphepha
• Uhla lwemibhalo lwezinombolo eziphuthumayo