'Ungaphuzi / Ungabilisi' Izeluleko Zamanzi Amakhemikhali vs. Izaziso Zamanzi Abilayo¶

Lapho uphiko lwamanzi lukamasipala noma isikhungo sezempilo yomphakathi sikhipha isexwayiso esiphuthumayo samanzi kampompi, imindeni eminingi ivele igcwalise ibhodwe esitofini bese iwabilisa. Nakuba ukubilisa kuyindinganiso eyigolide yokubulala amagciwane ebhayoloji ngesikhathi sokwelulekwa okujwayelekile kwe- Bilisa-Water Advisory (njengangemuva kwekhefu eliyinhloko lamanzi noma izikhukhula), amanzi kampompi abilayo ngesikhathi sokuthi "Ungaphuzi" noma "Ungasebenzisi" ikhemikhali noma izeluleko zobuthi be-algal kuyiphutha elisongela ukuphila. Uma amanzi kampompi engcoliswe ukuvuza kwepayipi le-petroleum (benzene, toluene, xylenes, diesel fuel), ukuchitheka kwencibiliki yasembonini (trichlorethylene, MCHM, perchlorethylene), ama-nitrate ezolimo, izinsimbi ezisindayo (umthofu, i-arsenic, ithusi), noma **i-algal bloom cyanotoxin eyingozi,*inlimoxins hhayi ukucekela phansi ukungcola. Kunalokho, ukubilisa noma kuhwamulisa amakhemikhali emvelo ashintshashintshayo ngokuqondile emoyeni wekhishi lakho njengesitimu esinobuthi, esiphefumulayo noma kuhwamulisa amanzi ahlanzekile kuyilapho kugxiliswa ubuthi obungaguquki nobuthi bufinyelele amazinga abulalayo nakakhulu ebhodweni.

Okubi nakakhulu, ukugeza ishawa elifudumele, ukusebenzisa umshini wokuwasha izitsha, noma ukuwasha izingubo emanzini angcoliswe ama-hydrocarbon aguquguqukayo afana ne-benzene noma uphethiloli* kushintsha indlu yakho yokugezela ibe igumbi legesi elihogelayo, ilethe umthamo ophezulu we-carcinogen ngamaphaphu akho nasesikhumbeni ngemizuzu eyi-10 kunokuphuza izingilazi ezimbalwa zamanzi. Ukwengeza, uma ama-hydrocarbon ka-petroleum aguquguqukayo esengene entanjeni yesevisi yasemgwaqweni yasekhaya, angena unomphela futhi ancibilike abe i-polyethylene (HDPE) exhumeke kakhulu kumapayipi amanzi epulasitiki (PEX) epulasitiki, avuthela ushevu emanzini akho kampompi izinyanga ngemuva kokuthi inkaba yedolobha iguquliwe. Ukwazi umehluko oqondile wokusebenza phakathi kwezigaba ezintathu zezeluleko zamanzi, indlela yokubona ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali okungashiwongo empompini, iziphi izihlungi zasendlini ezihlulekayo noma eziphumelelayo, kanye nendlela yokungcolisa ithange lamanzi ashisayo asekhaya namapayipi kusindisa umndeni wakho ebusheni obuyingozi.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Funda amagama aqondile esexwayiso esisemthethweni ngokushesha: "Bilisa Amanzi" vs. "Ungaphuzi" vs. "Ungasebenzisi." Uma isexwayiso sithi "Ungaphuzi" noma "Ungasebenzisi", UNGALOKOTHI ubilise amanzi ampompi. Ukubilisa kuzogcwalisa ikhaya lakho ngezihwamuko zamakhemikhali ezinobuthi (i-benzene, uphethiloli, izinyibilikisi) noma kugxilise ubuthi obuzinzile ekushiseni (ama-cyanotoxin, ama-nitrate, umthofu).
2. Shintshela ngokushesha emanzini asebhodleleni avaliwe azo zonke izinto eziphuzwayo, ukulungiswa kwefomula yezingane, ukupheka, ukuxubha amazinyo, ukwenza iqhwa, nezitsha zamanzi ezifuywayo. Ungalokothi unike izinja, amakati, noma imfuyo amanzi okumpompi athi "Ungaphuzi"; izilwane ezifuywayo zingenwa kalula yi-hepatotoxic microcystin cyanotoxins nama-petroleum hydrocarbons.
3. Yeka ukugeza amashawa ashisayo, ukugeza, noma ukusebenzisa izinto zikagesi ezisebenza ngamanzi ashisayo uma amanzi akho empompi enuka njengophethiloli, udizili, uphalafini, okokususa izinzipho, i-licorice, noma i-turpentine, noma uma ikhemikhali elivuvukalayo elithi "Ungaphuzi / Ungasebenzisi" lisebenza. Ishawa eshisayo isifutho yenza ama-atomize kunhlanganisela ye-volatilei-organicbenzelo* kanye nezihwamuko ezidlula ngokushesha ku-alveoli yamaphaphu nezimbotshana zesikhumba ezivulekile. Faka umoya endlini ngokuvula amafasitela futhi uvule izifeni zokukhipha umoya wasendlini uma ompompi besanda kwenziwa.
4. Shayela Isilawuli Sobuthi noma inombolo yakho yasendaweni yezimo eziphuthumayo uma umuntu eba nesiyezi, ukubhodla okunuka amakhemikhali, ukuhlanza, umphimbo oshisayo, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, noma ukudideka ngemva kokuphuza noma ukugeza ngamanzi kampompi angcolile. E-United States, shayela i-Poison Control ku- 1-800-222-1222 noma ushayele u-911 (112 ngaphesheya kwe-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom, noma ubone izinombolo eziphuthumayo umkhombandlela).
5. UNGAthembeli kuzihlungi ezijwayelekile zezimbiza zekhabhoni ezicushiwe (i-Brita, i-Pur) noma izihlungi zeminyango yesiqandisi ukuze wenze amanzi okuthi "Ungaphuzi" aphephe. Izihlungi zekhabhoni ezijwayelekile zasendlini azikwazi ukususa ama-nitrate, izinsimbi ezisindayo, noma ukugxiliswa okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali ezimboni, zithole "impumelelo" esheshayo uma igcwele ama-hydrocarbon, futhi aziqinisekiswanga ukwenza amanzi angahlanzeki ngamakhemikhali.
6. Vala ivalvu yokuphakela amanzi abandayo phezu kwesifudumezi samanzi sasekhaya bese ucisha umenzi weqhwa esiqandisini sakho manje uma ukuchitheka kwekhemikhali noma ipayipi le-hydrocarbon lingene endaweni ehambisa amanzi yangakini. Ukuhlukanisa ithangi lakho lamanzi ashisayo angu-150-to-300-litre (40-to-80-gallon) kuvimbela amanzi omgwaqo angcolile ukuthi angadonselwa ethangini futhi amboze i-anode rod, izinto zokushisisa, nama-gaskets angaphakathi.

Izigaba Ezintathu Ezisemthethweni Zezeluleko Zamanzi Ampompi¶

Iziphathimandla zezempilo yomphakathi kanye nabalawuli bamanzi okuphuza emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa i-United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), kanye UK Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI), bahlukanisa izimo eziphuthumayo zamanzi okuphuza zibe izigaba ezintathu ezihlukene zokusebenza. Ukwelapha i-Tier 2 noma i-Tier 3 njenge-Tier 1 kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu.

flowchart TD
    A["Isexwayiso Samanzi E-Emergency Tap Sikhishiwe noma Iphunga Eliyinqaba ku-Tap"] --> B{"Yisiphi Isigaba Sokweluleka Esisebenzayo?"}
    B -->|Tier 1: Boil-Water Advisory / Notice| C["Usongo Lwebhayoloji Kuphela: Amagciwane, Amagciwane, I-Giardia, i-Cryptosporidium"]
    B -->|Tier 2: Do Not Drink / Do Not Boil Advisory| D["I-Chemical, i-Cyanotoxin, i-Nitrate, noma i-Heavy Metal Contamination"]
    B -->|Tier 3: Do Not Use All-Stop Order| E["I-High-Concentration Fuel/Solvent Plume, i-Hazmat engaziwa, noma i-Radiological"]
    C --> F["Letha Amanzi Ampompi Abilise Umzuzu O-1 Ogcwele, noma Amaminithi Ama-3 Ngaphezulu kuka-2,000 m / 6,500 ft"]
    C --> G["Iphephile Ukushawa Kwabantu Abadala Nokuwashwa Izingubo Uma Ingagwinywa"]
    D --> H["UNGALOKOTHI UWABILISE AMANZI OMPOPHO: Sebenzisa Amanzi Asebhodleleni Kuphela Ukuphuza, Ifomula, Ukupheka, Amazinyo, kanye Nezilwane Ezifuywayo."]
    D --> I{"Ingabe I-VOC/Fuel Engcolile Noma Ayiguquki?"}
    I -->|Volatile: Benzene, Fuel, Solvents| J["AWEKHO Amashawa Ashisayo, Imishini Yokugeza Izitsha, noma Ukusetshenziswa Kwamanzi Ashisayo Ngasendlini: Ingozi Yokuhogela Umhwamuko"]
    I -->|Non-Volatile: Nitrates, Lead, Low Microcystin| K["Bheka Isaziso Esisemthethweni: Ukugeza Izandla Okufudumele / Ukuwasha Kuvamise Ukuvunyelwa Uma Kungangenwa"]
    E --> L["UNGATHI THINTU AMANZI OMPOPHO NOMA AMATOILET AGUSHAYO: Vala Ivavu Yamanzi Yendlu Enkulu Ngokushesha"]

I-Master Comparison Table: Ubilise-Amanzi vs. Ungaphuzi vs. Ungasebenzisi¶

(Ukuze uthole imiyalelo ephelele yokubulala amagciwane e-microbiological ngesikhathi sekhefu eliyinhloko le-Tier 1, bheka Ikhefu elikhulu lamanzi edolobheni lonke kanye nokwelulekwa ngamanzi abilayo.)

Kungani Amanzi Abilayo Amakhemikhali noma I-Cyanotoxin Ebulala¶

Ukuqonda ikhemistri ngemuva kokungcola okuthile kwamanzi kampompi kuchaza ukuthi kungani izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi zigcizelela elithi "Ungabilisi" ngosonhlamvukazi ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zamanzi okungezona ezebhayoloji.

1. Ama-Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) kanye nama-Petroleum Hydrocarbons¶

Ukungcoliswa kwezinhlelo zokusabalalisa zikamasipala nge-benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, ne-xylenes (BTEX), uphethiloli, uphethiloli wejet (JP-5 / JP-8), uphethiloli wedizili, noma izincibilikisi zasembonini ezifana trichlorethylene (TCE), tetrachlorethylene (PCE), kanye ne-4-methylcyclohexanemethanol emathangini ukungena kwemifula, imililo yequbula encibilikisa amapayipi esevisi yepulasitiki futhi imunce intuthu egcwele i-benzene ibe ngamapayipi amanzi acindezelekile, noma izingozi zokubuya emuva kokuxhuma okuphambanayo.

• Umthetho ka-Henry kanye Ne-Indoor Air Stripping: Izinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo zinomfutho womoya ophezulu kanye nokuncibilika okuncane kwamanzi. Lapho nje amanzi angcolile eshiya ipayipi elicindezelwe nge-aerator kampompi, i-showerhead, ibhodwe elibilayo, ingalo yesifutho somshini wokuwasha izitsha, noma isishunqisi somshini wokuwasha, amaphesenti angu-70 kuya kwangu-90 e-benzene encibilikisiwe noma i-solvent iyashabalala iphume emanzini ingene emoyeni.
• I-Shower and Boiling Multiplier: Imodeli yokuchayeka ngokwesayensi yi-US EPA kanye ne-ATSDR ibonisa ukuthi ukugeza imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15-imizuzu efudumele yeshawa emanzini ane-benzene- noma i-TCE-angcolile kukhiqiza umthamo wangaphakathi othi *wokuhogela kanye nowe-transdermal olingana nokuphuza amalitha angu-2 (0.5 ebhodwe elibilisa amanzi ebhodweni) isitofu sikhipha cishe amaphesenti ayi-100 ekhemikhali eguquguqukayo ebusweni bomuntu ophekayo.

2. I-Algal Bloom Eyingozi (HAB) I-Cyanotoxins: I-Microcystin, i-Cylindrospermopsin, ne-Anatoxin-a¶

Ngezinyanga ezifudumele zasehlobo, ukugeleza kwezakhi kubangela ukuqhakaza okukhulu kwe cyanobacteria (ulwelwe oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) emachibini amanzi okuphuza kamasipala namachibi (afana neLake Erie ngonyaka ka-2014 eToledo, e-Ohio enkingeni noma kumachibi omfula iWillamette River e-Oregon). I-Cyanobacteria ikhiqiza ubuthi obunamandla be-intracellular:

• Ama-Microcystins kanye ne-Cylindrospermopsin (I-Hepatotoxins Ne-Nephrotoxins): Ihlasela isibindi nezinso, ibangele ukuhlanza okukhulu, isifo sohudo, ubuhlungu besisu, amabhamuza emlonyeni, futhi okungase kube yingozi enkulu ukwehluleka kwesibindi okunamandla.
• I-Anatoxin-a kanye ne-Saxitoxins (I-Neurotoxins): Ibangela ukushoshozela ngokushesha ezindebeni nasezintweni zeminwe, ukunyakazisa kwemisipha, ukulahlekelwa ukusebenzisana, nokukhubazeka kokuphefumula.
• Okwenza Ukubilisa Kwenze I-Cyanotoxins ibe Yimbi Kakhulu: I-Microcystin iyi-molecule ye-heptapeptide eyi-cyclic ehlala izinzile kumakhemikhali ngisho nangaphezu kuka-*300 degrees Celsius (572 degrees Fahrenheit)**. Amanzi kampompi abilayo ku-100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) imizuzu emi-5 noma engu-20 acekela phansi i-zero microcystin. Esikhundleni salokho, ukubilisa ama-lyses (aphuka) noma yimaphi amaseli e-cyanobacteria aphelele asamisiwe emanzini, kulahla izitolo zawo ezinobuthi ongaphakathi oketshezini kuyilapho ubilisa umthamo wamanzi, okwandisa ukugcwala kobuthi enkomishini yakho noma ebhodleleni lomntwana.

3. I-Nitrate kanye Nezinsimbi Ezisindayo (Umthofu, i-Arsenic, Ithusi)¶

• I-Nitrates ("Blue Baby Syndrome" / Methemoglobinemia): Umanyolo wezolimo noma ukugeleza kwe-septic engena emithonjeni engashoni kamasipala noma izinhlelo zamanzi zasemaphandleni kubangela amazinga e-nitrate aphakeme (> 10 mg/L i-nitrogen-nitrogen). Ezinsaneni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6 (kanye nabantu abakhulelwe nabantu abanokuntula kwe-G6PD), amagciwane amathumbu aguqula i-nitrate (NO3-) ibe nitrite (NO2-), elenza i-hemoglobin ibe-methemoglobin, uhlobo lwensimbi yegazi engakwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo. Izindebe zomntwana, ikhala, neminwe kuba nsundu ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma kukashokoledi, okuholela ekucindezelekeni. Amanzi abilayo obisi lwebhodlela lezinsana ahwamuka emanzini ahlanzekile futhi akhuphule ukugcwala kwe-nitrate, asheshisa i-methemoglobinemia ebulalayo.
• I-Lead, i-Arsenic, ne-Copper: Ikhemikhali yamanzi abolayo, ukuphazamiseka kokwakhiwa okuyinhloko yamanzi, noma ukukhishwa kwezimboni kukhipha izinsimbi ezisindayo ezingaguquki. Ngenxa yokuthi izinsimbi azikwazi ukuhwamuka ngesitimu, njalo ngomzuzu ubilisa amanzi kampompi anyusa amamiligremu ilitha ngalinye lomthofu noma i-arsenic eshiywe ebhodweni.

Ukuthola Ukungcoliswa Kwekhemikhali Okungashiwongo noma Kwezibaseli eTap Yakho¶

Ezinhlekeleleni ezinkulu zokungcoliswa kwamanzi emhlabeni wangempela (njengokuchitheka kwe-Elk River MCHM yango-2014 e-Charleston, e-West Virginia; ukungcoliswa kwe-jet-fuel ye-Red Hill yango-2021 e-Oahu, e-Hawaii; kanye nokungcoliswa kwepayipi le-benzene langemva komlilo wequbula e-California nase-Colorado), *izakhamuzi zazinuka noma zinambitha amakhemikhali ngaphambi kokuba zisakaze isiphuzo esisemthethweni amahora amaningi.

I-Sensory Red Flags: Yeka Ukusebenzisa Amanzi Kampompi Ngokushesha Uma Uqaphela Noma Yikuphi Kwalokhu¶

Kungani Izihlungi Zamanzi Zasekhaya Zihluleka Ngesikhathi Sokwelulekwa Ngamakhemikhali¶

Ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo "Ungaphuzi", izigidi zemindeni zikholelwa ngephutha ukuthi zingathela amanzi kampompi angcolile ngesihlungi se-pitcher ye-countertop, isihlungi esifaka umpompi, isikhipha amanzi esiqandisini, noma utshani bokusinda ekamu.

Amandla Okuhlunga vs. Ukuphumelela Okuyingozi¶

1. Izihlungi Ze-Microbiological Camping (Hollow-Fiber Membrane Straws, Sawyer, LifeStraw, Ceramic Gravity Filters):
   • Ukususwa Kwekhemikhali enguZero noma Ukukhipha Ubuthi: Ukuhlunga okuncane kosayizi we-Pore kanye nolwelwesi lwama-ultrafiltration (0.1 ku 0.2 microns) abamba umzimba amagciwane ne-protozoa, kodwa ama-molecule ancibilikisiwe e-benzene, uphethiloli, izibulala-zinambuzane, ama-nitrate, umthofu, nama-microcystin cyanotoxins ancibilikisiwe mancane ngokuphindwe ngezinkulungwane kunembotshana engu-0.1-micron futhi adlula aqonde ekugxiliseni ngamaphesenti angu-100.
2. Izimbiza Ze-Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) nezihlungi zesiqandisi (i-Brita, i-Pur, i-ZeroWater, i-Fridge Cartridges):
   • Ayiqinisekisiwe Ngokuchithwa Kwekhemikhali Engalawulwa: I-NSF/ANSI 42 evamile (ukunambitheka/iphunga) noma i-NSF/ANSI 53 (ukungcola okukhethekile kwezempilo okukumazinga aphansi okulandela umkhondo okungapheli) izihlungi zekhabhoni ziklanyelwe kuphela ukupholisha amanzi asevele ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zikamasipala zoMthetho Wamanzi Okuphuza Amanzi.
   • Ukugcwala Okusheshayo kanye "Ne-Desorption Dumping": Ikhabhoni ecushiwe isebenza ngokukhangisa ama-molecule emvelo abe izimbotshana ezincane. Lapho i-petroleum hydrocarbons, izinyibilikisi, noma ubuthi be-algal ekugxilwe kakhulu kuzo ishaya i-pitcher cartridge, umbhede wekhabhoni ugcwala ngokushesha ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isixwayiso esibonakalayo ("impumelelo"). Okubi nakakhulu, uma esegcwele, amanzi angenayo angakwazi desorb (alahle) amakhemikhali abevaleleke ngaphambilini abuyele engilazini yakho yokuphuza ezindaweni eziphakeme kunamanzi kampompi aluhlaza.
3. I-Under-Sink Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems (NSF/ANSI 58 Certified):
   • Ngenkathi amasistimu we-Reverse Osmosis enezigaba eziningi (okungamabhulokhi ama-pre-carbon, ulwelwesi lwe-RO olungavumeleki kancane, kanye ne-post-carbon) asusa ama-nitrate, izinsimbi ezisindayo (umthofu, i-arsenic), nama-microcystin cyanotoxins, ama-membrane e-RO ajwayelekile angena futhi wonakaliswa yi-low-molecular hydrocarbon solvents benzene), futhi zingcolise ithangi lesinye isinye esinomfutho lapho lichayeke kumpompi wamakhemikhali. Izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi zeluleka ngokumelene nokusebenzisa amasistimu e-RO yasekhaya phakathi nokwelulekwa okusebenzayo kokuchitheka kwamakhemikhali, ngoba amanzi angcolile achitha ulwelwesi kanye nethangi lokugcina.

Vikela Amapayipi Akho Manje Nokuhlanza Ikhaya Lakho Ngemva kokuthi "Kucace Konke"¶

Uma ipayipi lekhemikhali lingena emapayipini angaphakathi endlu yakho, lilinde nje ukuthi idolobha limemezele ukuthi umzila wamanzi omgwaqo uhlanzekile akwanele. Ikhaya lakho liphethe amalitha angu-150 kuya kwangu-350 (amalitha angu-40 kuya kwangu-90) amanzi angcolile avaleleke ngaphakathi kwesifudumezi sakho samanzi ashisayo, amapayipi amanzi abandayo, umbhede wenhlaka ethambisayo, nezintambo zikagesi.

Isigaba 1: Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamapayipi Okusheshayo (Ngenkathi Iseluleko Sisebenza)¶

Uma i-Tier 2B (I-Volatile Chemical/Fuel) noma i-Tier 3 (Ungasebenzisi) imenyezelwa:

1. Vala ivalvu yokufaka amanzi abandayo ngaphezu kwehitha yakho yamanzi ashisayo (jikisa iwashi ukuze uthole ivalvu yesango, noma ama-degree angama-90 aqonde epayipini ukuze uthole ivalvu yebhola).
2. Uma une-heater yamanzi ethangi legesi noma likagesi futhi ungeke usebenzise amanzi ashisayo, shintsha i-heater ukuze ithi "PILOT / VACATION" (igesi) noma uvale i-breaker (ugesi) ukuze ingashisi ngokweqile uma ukucindezela kwehla.
3. Dlula isithambisa sakho samanzi sendlu yonke noma isihlungi sekhabhoni sendlu yonke usebenzisa i-valve engu-3 noma i-push-pull bypass bypass eningi ngemuva kweyunithi yekhanda. Uma i-petroleum hydrocarbons noma amakhemikhali asindayo kungena ethangini lobuhlalu lobuhlalu be-ion-exchange exchange beresin yesithambisa samanzi, ubuhlalu benhlaka bumunca amakhemikhali unomphela futhi kufanele bushintshwe ngezindleko eziphezulu.
4. Phenya ingalo yebheyili yocingo PHEZULU (noma CISHA) emshinini weqhwa ozenzakalelayo wesiqandisi sakho.

Isigaba sesi-2: Isinyathelo Nesinyathelo Ngemuva Kokululekwa Kwasekhaya Kokuqeda Inqubo Yokukhipha Ukungcola¶

Ungaqali **ungaqali ukugezisa amapayipi asendlini yakho kuze kube yilapho isisetshenziswa sakho samanzi simemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuthi i-oda elithi Ungaphuzi / Ungasebenzisi seliphakanyiselwe indawo yakho yengcindezi ethile (izinsiza zidonsa amapayipi amanzi asemgwaqweni ezindaweni ezilandelanayo ukuze abanikazi bezindlu bangadwebi amakhemikhali olayini abakhulu bajule emigqeni yesevisi yendlu).

Uma indawo yakho yomgwaqo isuliwe ngokusemthethweni:

1. Vumela Indlu Yonke Ngaphambi Kokuvula Noma yimuphi Umpompi:
   • Uma ukungcola kuhilela izinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo (i-benzene, uphethiloli, i-MCHM, izincibilikisi), vula wonke amafasitela, vula indlu yangasese nefenisha yekhishi, bese ubeka izifeni zamabhokisi eziphephezela ngaphandle ngaphambi kokuvula amanzi. Ukugijima yonke impompi ukuze kukhishwe amapayipi kuzodedela ukushuqeka okufushane komhwamuko wamakhemikhali emoyeni wasendlini; abantu abakhulelwe, izinsana, kanye nabantu abanesifuba somoya kufanele baphumele ngaphandle noma balinde ekamelweni elingena umoya kuyilapho oyedwa omdala evula ompompi.
2. Susa futhi Hlanza Wonke Ama-aerators we-Faucet nama-Showerheads:
   • Khumula inetha elincane izikrini ze-aerator kumathiphu walo lonke ikhishi nompompi kasinki wokugezela. Ukugqwala kwezinhlayiya, izikali zomthofu, ama-carbon granules, namaconsi anamafutha kuvapha ngokuqondile ngemva kwalezi zikrini. Wacwilise emanzini ahlanzekile noviniga, khuhla ngebhulashi, futhi uwashiye off kuze kuqedwe ukugezwa ngamanzi abandayo.
3. Guqula Amapayipi Amanzi Abandayo Kusukela Esitezi Esiphansi Kuya Esitezi Esiphakeme (Imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30):
   • Vula ama-hose bibs angaphandle kuqala imizuzu emi-5 ukuze udonse amanzi ahlanzekile omgwaqo ohamba ngaphansi komhlaba.
   • Okulandelayo, vula bonke ompompi bamanzi abandayo (obhavu, amashawa, usinki wokuwasha, usinki wasekhishini, osinki bamagumbi okugeza) uqale egumbini elingaphansi noma eliphansi bese ukhuphukela phezulu.
   • Vumela bonke ompompi ababandayo basebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa ekugelezeni okugcwele okungenani imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30 (noma ubude besikhathi obunqunyiwe obunqunywe yinsizakalo yakho) kuze kube yilapho amanzi ebanda ngokuphelele futhi engenayo iphunga lamakhemikhali noma i-sheen.
4. Khipha futhi Ugeze Ithangi Lokushisisa Amanzi Ashisayo Ngokuphelele:
   • Ngenxa yokuthi isifudumezi samanzi esingamalitha angu-200 (amalitha angu-50) sihlanganisa amanzi angenayo kunokuwaphusha aqonde ngqo, kufanele usule ithangi lamanzi ashisayo ngokuhlukana:
   • Cisha amandla/igesi yokushisisa, unamathisele ipayipi lengadi ngaphansi kwe-valve yokudonsa yethusi ethangini, khipha ithangi ngokuphelele, futhi uphinde uligcwalise ngamanzi abandayo ahlanzekile, NOMA vula bonke ompompi bamanzi ashisayo endlini bese ubasebenzisa okungenani imizuzu engama-45 kuye kwengama-60 (ithangi elijwayelekile elingu-150-to-0-litha elingu-3+0 ilitha; 80-gallon tank) ukushintshanisa okungenani amavolumu amabili kuya kwamathathu agcwele amathangi.
5. ** Hlanza Imishini yokuwasha, Imishini yokuwasha, kanye ne-Ice Makers:**
   • Qalisa umshini wokuwasha izitsha ongenalutho** ngemijikelezo emibili egcwele yokugeza ngamanzi ashisayo** ngaphandle kwezitsha.
   • Qalisa iwasha yezingubo engenalutho ngomjikelezo owodwa ogcwele wokuwasha nowokuhlanza.
   • Geza ulayini wokukhipha amanzi esiqandisini okungenani amalitha angu-8 kuye kwayi-12 (amalitha angu-2 kuya kwangu-3) amanzi, shintsha i-cartridge yesihlungi samanzi esiqandisini ufake i-cartridge entsha sha, futhi ugijime futhi ulahle imigqomo yokuqala emithathu egcwele yama-ice cubes ngaphambi kokudla noma yiliphi iqhwa.
6. Miselela Wonke Amakhatriji Okuhlunga Amaphuzu Okusebenzisa:
   • Lahla yonke i-cartridge yokuhlunga ethinte amanzi angcolile (izihlungi ze-pitcher, amabhulokhi ekhabhoni angaphansi kukasinki, i-sediment/carbon cartridges yendlu yonke, nezihlungi zokugeza), geza izindlu zepulasitiki ngensipho yesitsha namanzi ahlanzekile, futhi ufake ama-cartridge amasha.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa¶

Imithombo ihloliwe¶

• I-United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Ihhovisi Lamanzi Aphansi Namanzi Okuphuza: Izeluleko Zezempilo Zamanzi Okuphuza for Cyanotoxins (Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin), National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (40 CFR Part 141) ye-Benzene, i-VOCs, i-Nitrate, ne-Lead, kanye ne-Post-Wildfire Distribution System VOC Contamination Guidance*.
• Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC, United States): Ibhokisi Lamathuluzi Lokukhulumisana Okwelulekwa Ngamanzi Okuphuza (Izincazelo zokusebenza nemiyalelo yomphakathi Yezeluleko Zamanzi Abilise, Izeluleko Zokungaphuzi, Futhi Ungasebenzisi Izeluleko).
• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO, International): Imihlahlandlela Yekhwalithi Yamanzi Okuphuza (Ushicilelo Lwesine): Izehlakalo Zesimo Esiphuthumayo Samakhemikhali, Ubuthi Be-Cyanobacterial, kanye nemikhawulo ye-Nitrate/Nitrite Methemoglobinemia.
• I-Ejensi Yokubhaliswa Kwezinto Ezinobuthi Nezifo (ATSDR / CDC, United States): Amaphrofayili E-Toxicological we-Benzene, i-Toluene, i-Xylenes, i-Trichlorethylene (TCE), ne-4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) (Umbukiso we-Dermal ne-inhalation wasekhaya ngesikhathi sokubilisa).
• I-American Water Works Association (AWWA) kanye ne-Purdue University Centre for Plumbing Safety: I-Premise Plumbing Decontamination and Flushing Protocols Elandela I-Hydrocarbon and Chemical Intrusion Events (I-HDPE ne-PEX pipe permeation kanye nesampula yokuma).

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Ikhefu elikhulu lamanzi edolobheni lonke kanye nokwelulekwa ngamanzi abilayo
• Ukuphepha kwamanzi kanye nezaziso zamathumba
• I-red tide, ukuqhakaza kwe-algal okuyingozi, kanye nobuthi bamanzi be-cyanobacteria
• Ukuqhuma kwesitshalo samakhemikhali, ukonakala kwezitimela, kanye ne-shelter-in-place seal
• Ukuthola ukulahlwa kukadoti oyingozi okungekho emthethweni noma izigubhu zamakhemikhali
• Usizo lokuqala olunobuthi
• Izinombolo eziphuthumayo