'Wota njaru / Woto ɓuuɓnu' Wasiyaaji ndiyam kemikal vs¶

So tawii njuɓɓudi ndiyam municipaal walla njuɓɓudi cellal renndo yaltinii jeertinaango ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, ko ɓuri heewde e galleeji ina njuɓɓina pot e dow ŋoral, ina ngadda ndiyam ɗam e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi. So tawii ko ɓuuɓri woni tolno kaŋŋe ngam warde pathogens biyologiques e nder sahaa tolno Wasiyaaji ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam (hono caggal nde ndiyam mawɗam ɓuuɓtii walla ilam), ɓuuɓnude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder sahaa "Woto Yar" walla "Woto Huutoro" wasiyaaji tooke kemikal walla algal ko mista nguurndamke. So ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ina wondi e ɓuuɓri tuubakooɓe (benseen, toluen, xylenes, disel), ɓuuɓri solvant gollorɗe (trikloroetilen, MCHM, perkloroetilen), nitrateeji ndema, njamndi teeŋtundi (plomb, arsenik, njamndi mboɗeeri), walla harmful com silindrospermopsin), nguleeki halkataa mboros oo. E nder ɗuum, ɓuuɓnude maa ɓuuɓna kemikaaji organik ɓuuɓɗi to bannge henndu suudu maa, hono ɓuuɓnude ndiyam laaɓɗam tawa ina moofta tooke e tookeeji ɗi ɓuuɓnataa haa toɓɓe ɓurɗe maayde e nder pot.

Ko ɓuri bonde nii, ƴettude ndiyam ngulɗam, dogde e lootde diƴƴe, walla lootde comci e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam ina waɗi hidrokarbonuuji ɓuuɓɗi ko wayi no benzene walla gasoline ina wayla suudu lootorde maa wonta suudu gaas foofaandu, ina addana maa doosgal ɓurngal toowde e kanseer rewrude e ɓuuɓri maa e ɓalndu maa e nder hojomaaji 10 ko ɓuri yarde glasseal. Yanti heen, so tawii hidrokarbonuuji petroŋ ɓuuɓɗi naatii e laabi gollorɗi galle maa, ɗi naatnata haa abada, ɗi ɓuuɓta e nder tuubaaji ndiyam polietilen (HDPE) e polietilen (PEX) ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi ɓuuɓna tooke e nder ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam maa fotde lebbi caggal nde ɗi ɓuuɓnata. Anndude feere gollal tigi-rigi hakkunde tieruuji tati wasiyaaji ndiyam, no anndirta mboros kemikal mo anndaaka to tap, hol filtoraaji galleeji ɗi ŋakkiraa walla ɗi ndartaaki, e no dekontaminasi tanki ndiyam ngulɗam galle maa e plombier ina hisna ɓesngu maa e tooke ɓuuɓɗe.

Waɗde ɗum jooni¶

1. Janngu konngol laaɓtungol jeertinaango laawɗungo ngoo ɗoon e ɗoon: "Fuɗɗu ndiyam" vs. "Woto yar" vs. "Woto huutoro." So jeertinaango ngoo wiyi "Woto yar" walla "Woto huutoro", WOTO ƁUƊU ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam. Fuuɗde ina hebbina galle maa e ɓuuɓri kemikal tooke (benzene, fuel, solvants) walla tookeeji ɓuuɓɗi (siyanotoksin, nitrat, plumbum).
2. Waylu ɗoon e ɗoon e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam njulaagu ɓuuɓɗam ngam kala ko ina yaree, peewnugol ñamri cukalel, defde, ɓuuɓnude ƴiye, waɗde ice, e ɓuuɓri ndiyam pet. Hoto meeɗ rokkude pucci, ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe, walla jawdi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam "Woto Yar" ; petroŋ ina waawi heɓde no feewi siyanotoksin mikroo-sistin hepatotoksiik e hidrokarbonuuji petroŋ.
3. Woppu ƴettude ndiyam ngulɗam, lootde, walla dogde e kuutorɗe ndiyam ngulɗam so tawii ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam maa ina uurna no bensiin, disel, kerosin, ɓuuɓnoowo ƴiye, liɗɗi, walla terpentin, walla so tawii kemikal ɓuuɓɗo "Woto Yar / Woto Huutoro" ina huutoree. Hot atomiz shower comp.V benzene e nder aerosoluuji foofaaɗi e ɓuuɓri ndi rewata ko e yaawre e nder alveoli ɓuuɓɗi e ɓuuɓri ɓalndu udditiindi. Heeñere galle oo e udditde windooji e udditde fannuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder suudu lootorde so tawii ko ɓooyaani koo tappirɗe ina ndoga.
4. Noddu Poison Control walla limoore emergency nokku maa so tawii won gonɗo e ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri kemikal, ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ɓuuɓri ɓalndu, walla jiiɓru caggal nde yari walla looti ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam. To leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, noddu Poison Control to 1-800-222-1222 walla noddu 911 (112 e nder Dental Orop, 999 e nder Dental Dowlaaji Amerik, walla ƴeew men limooje caɗtuɗe regginorde).
5. WOTO tuugno e filtoraaji pitcher karbon kuutorteeɗi (Brita, Pur) walla filtoraaji damal firiiji ngam waɗde "Woto Yar" ndiyam kisal. Filtirɗe karbon kuutorteeɗe galleeji mbaawataa ittude nitrates, njamndi teeŋtundi, walla kemikaaji toowɗi e nder gollorɗe, keɓa ko yaawi so hydrocarbon certurified to "breakthrough". ndiyam njareteeɗam ɗam alaa kisal e kemikal.
6. Uddit valve ndiyam ngulɗam dow ƴulɓe ndiyam suudu ma, uddu ƴulɓe otomaatik frigo maa jooni jooni so tawii ɓuuɓri kemikal walla ɓuuɓri hidrokarbon naatii e ƴulɓe ndiyam hoɗorde maa. Seerndude tanki maa ndiyam ngulɗam 150 haa 300 liiteer (40 haa 80 gallon) ina haɗa ndiyam mbeddaaji mbonɗi ɗii naatde e nder tanki hee, e ɓuuɓnude jolngo anode, geɗe nguleeki, e gasɗe nder mum.

Tieruuji tati laawɗuɗi e wasiyaaji ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam¶

Laamuuji cellal renndo e toppitiiɓe ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder winndere ndee kala, ina jeyaa heen Fedde Amerik toppitiinde ko fayti e taariindi (EPA), Centre ngam haɓaade rafiiji e haɓaade ñawuuji (CDC), Fedde Adunaare Cellal (OMS), e **Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder leydi Angalteer (D tiers gollorɗi ceertuɗi. Safrude Tier 2 walla Tier 3 no Tier 1 nii ina waawi saabaade ñawu nguu no feewi.

flowchart TD
    A["Jeertinaango Ndiyam Tap Emergency Yaltii walla Uurugo Haawniingo e Tap"] --> B{"Hol Tier Wasiyaaji kuutorteeɗi?"}
    B -->|Tier 1: Boil-Water Advisory / Notice| C["Kuutoragol nguurndam tan : Bakteriiji, Virus, Giardiya, Kiriptosporidium"]
    B -->|Tier 2: Do Not Drink / Do Not Boil Advisory| D["Kemikal, Siyanotoksin, Nitraat, walla Njamndi Teddundi"]
    B -->|Tier 3: Do Not Use All-Stop Order| E["Plume Fuel/Solvant toowɗo, Hazmat mo anndaaka, walla Rajo"]
    C --> F["Adda ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam haa ɓuuɓna fotde hojomaaji 1 timmuɗi, walla hojomaaji 3 dow 2,000 m / 6,500 ft"]
    C --> G["Safe ngam Mawɓe Duuɓi e Laundry so Muumtaaka"]
    D --> H["WOTO MEƊƊU ƁURDE ƁURDE ƁURDE ƁURDE : Huutoro Ndiyam Ɓoornuɗam Tan ngam Yarde, Foormula, Defde, Dente, e Daabaaji"]
    D --> I{"Mbele ko ɓuuɓnata ko VOC/Fuel walla ko ɓuuɓnataa?"}
    I -->|Volatile: Benzene, Fuel, Solvents| J["NO Duɗe Ngulɗe, Diƴƴe, walla Kuutoragol Ndiyam Ngulɗam nder Suudu: Risk Inhalation Vapor"]
    I -->|Non-Volatile: Nitrates, Lead, Low Microcystin| K["Ƴeewto Noddaango Laawɗungo: Lootde Juuɗe / Lootde Lukewarm Ina heewi jaɓeede so tawii Ƴeewaaka"]
    E --> L["WOTO MEMM NDIYAM TAP WALAA TOILETS FLUSH: Uddit Valve Ndiyam Suudu Mawndu ɗoon e ɗoon"]

Tablo Njiylawu Master: Boil-Water vs. Woto Yar vs. Woto Huutoro¶

(Ngam heɓugo umrooje timmuɗe dow disinfection microbiyoloji wakkati fooftere mawnde Tier 1, laaru Citywide ndiyam mawɗam ɓuuɓɗam e wasiyaaji ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam.)

Ko waɗi ɓuuɓde ndiyam kemikal walla siyanotoksin ina wara¶

Famde kemikal (chemistry) caggal mborosaaji keertiiɗi e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ina hollita ko waɗi gollorɗe cellal renndo ina teeŋtina "Do Not Boil" e alkule mawɗe e nder sahaaji caɗeele ndiyam ɗe ngonaa biyoloji.

1. Kosam ɗam ɓuuɓɗam (VOC) e hidrokarbonuuji petroŋ¶

Kontaminaasiyoŋ njuɓɓudi peccitagol kominaaji e bensin, toluen, etilbensin, e silen (BTEX), bensiin, petroŋ jet (JP-5 / JP-8), petroŋ disel, walla solɓe gollorɗe ko wayi no trikloroetilen (TCE), tetraklorometilen-heksalen (PCE), petroŋ (MCHM) ina waɗa e sahaa nde tankaaji gollorɗe ɓuuɓnata, e sahaa nde otooji ɗii njippii saraaji jolɗe maayo, e yiite ladde ɗe ɓuuɓnata tuubaaji sarwisaaji palastik e suuɗde cumu keewngu benzene e nder laylayti ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, walla aksidaaji ɓuuɓɗi jokkondirɗi.

• Sariya Henry e ƴettugol henndu nder suudu: Kosam ɗam ɓuuɓɗam ina jogii ɓuuɓol toowngol e ɓuuɓri ndiyam. So ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam yaltii e tuuba ɓuuɓka rewrude e aerator faucet, hoore duɗal, pot ɓuuɓɗo, junngo ɓuuɓngo diƴƴe, walla agitator masiŋ lootirɗo, 70 haa 90 e nder teemedere benzene walla solvant ɓuuɓɗo oo ina yalta e ndiyam ɗam, ina naata e henndu suudu nduu.
• Multiplier Duujal e Boiling: Modeluuji ganndal gonɗi e EPA e ATSDR Amerik ina kollita wonde ƴettude duuɓal ngulngal fotde hojomaaji 10 haa 15 e nder ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam benzene walla TCE ina addana inhalation e transdermal dose ndernderiijo fotɗo e yarde (laamɗo)5 ndiyam, tawa ina ɓuuɓna pot ndiyam e dow ŋoral ina ɓuuɓna fotde 100 e nder teemedere kemikal ɓuuɓngal ngal, ina fawa e yeeso defoowo oo.

2. Siyanotoksinuuji ɓuuɓɗi bonɗi (HAB) : Mikrosistin, Silindrospermopsin, e Anatoksin-a¶

E nder lebbi ngulɗi, ɓuuɓol ñamri ina addana ɓuuɓri mawndi siyanobakteriiji (algaaji daneeji-haako-ñebbe) e nder maayooji ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder gure (hono maayo Erie e nder kiris ndiyam Toledo, Ohio e hitaande 2014 e nder ɓuuɓri maayo Willamette). Siyanobakteriiji ina peewna tookeeji baawɗi wonde e nder geese :

• Mikrosistin e Silindrospermopsin (Hepatotoksin e Nefrotoksin): Ina njiyloo heege e ƴiye, ina addana neɗɗo ɓuuɓde, ɓuuɓde, ɓuuɓde reedu, ɓuuɓde e saraaji hunduko, ina waawi kadi warde ɓuuɓri heeñere.
• Anatoxin-a e Saxitoxins (Neurotoxins) : Ina addana ɓuuɓri jaawndi saraaji leppi e koppi, ɓuuɓri ɓalndu, ɓuuɓri jokkondiral, e ɓuuɓri fooftere.
• Ko waɗi ɓuuɓde ina ɓeyda bonde e siyanotoksin: Mikrosistin ko molekul heptapeptide cirƴam, keddiiɗo e kemikal mum hay so tawii ko 300 degere Celsius (572 degere Fahrenheit). Ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɓuuɓɗam e 100 degere Celsius (212 degere Fahrenheit) fotde hojomaaji 5 walla 20 ina halka mikroo-sistin. E nder ɗuum, ɓuuɓnude liseeji (ruptures) kala cellal cyanobacteria cells gonɗi e nder ndiyam haa jooni, ina werloo tooke mum en nder ndiyam tawa ina ɓuuɓna ɓuuɓri ndiyam, ina ɓeyda ɓuuɓri tooke e nder koppi maa walla e nder ɓuuɓri ɓiɗɗo maa.

3. Nitrateeji e njamndiiji tedduɗi (Plomb, Arsenik, Njamndi)¶

• Nitrateeji ("Syndrome du bébé bleu" / Methemoglobinemie): Ɓoornugol ndema walla ɓuuɓri septik naatndi e nder ɓulli municipaal ɗi luggiɗaani walla e nder njuɓɓudi ndiyam ladde ina addana nitrateeji ɓeydaade (> 10 mg/L nitrat-azot). E nder sukaaɓe ɓe duuɓi mum en njahrata e lebbi 6 (kañum e yimɓe reeduɓe e yimɓe wonduɓe e ŋakkeende G6PD), bakteriiji ɓalndu ina mbaɗta nitrat (NO3-) e nder nitrit ( ).NO2-), ko kañum oksidata hemoglobin methemoglobin, woni sifaa njamndi ƴiiƴam waawaa nawde oksijen. Leppi cukalel ngel, nofru mum, e koppi mum ina mbaɗta ɓuuɓde walla ɓuuɓde sokola, ɗum addana ɗum ɓuuɓde. Ndiyam ngulɗam ngam ñamminde cukalel ina ɓuuɓna ndiyam laaɓɗam, ina ɓeyda ɓuuɓri nitrate, ina yaawi methemoglobinemie bonɗo.
• Lead, Arsenic, e Copper: Kemikal ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, jiiɓruuji mahdi mawɗi ndiyam, walla ɓuuɓri gollorɗe ina njaltina njamndi teeŋtundi ndi ɓuuɓnataa. Sabu njamndi waawaa ɓuuɓde e aaludere, kala minit mo ɓuuɓnataa ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ina ɓeyda miligaramuuji e nder liiteer lewru walla arsenik heddii e nder pot.

Yiytude Ɓooygol Kemikal walla Fuel ngol Anndaaka e Tap Ma¶

E nder musibbaaji mawɗi baɗnooɗi e ndiyam (hono 2014 e nder maayo Elk MCHM to Charleston, Virginia worgo; 2021 e nder Oahu, Hawaii; e 2021 e nder Oahu, Hawaii; e musibbaaji benzene caggal yiite ladde to Kaliforni e Colorado), hoɗɓe ɓee ina njuuma walla ina njuuma e ƴiye mum en "Woto njaru" jeertinaango yaltinaama.

Banngeeji boɗeeji sensooruuji: Woppu huutoraade ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗoon e ɗoon so a teskiima heen huunde¶

Ko waɗi Filteruuji Ndiyam Galleeji ina ŋakkiraa e sahaa wasiyaaji kemikal¶

E nder caɗeele "Woto Yar", miliyoŋaaji galleeji ina cikka e majjere ina mbaawi werlaade ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam rewrude e filtirde pittaali countertop, filtirde faucet-mount, dispenser ndiyam frigo, walla huɗo nguurndam kammu.

Baawɗe Filterde vs¶

1. Filteruuji kammu mikroobiyoloji (Filteruuji ɓuuɓɗi, Sawyer, LifeStraw, Filteruuji teddeendi seraamik):
   • Ittugol kemikal walla tooke ɗe ngalaa: Mikrofiltraasiyoŋ e ultrafiltraasiyoŋ (0.1 to 0.2 microns) ina nannga bakteriiji e porotozoaaji e ɓanndu, kono molekule ɓuuɓɗe benzene, petroŋ, pesticideeji, nitrateeji, plumbum, e siyanotoksin mikroo-sistin ɓuuɓɗo ina pamɗi laabi ujunnaaje e ɓuuɓri 0,1 mikron, ina njahra e ɓuuɓri 100 e nder teemedere.
2. Pitcheruuji e filtoraaji firiiji (Brita, Pur, ZeroWater, Kartuɗe firiiji):
   • Seedtinaaka ngam ɓuuɓri kemikal ndi rewaani laawol: NSF/ANSI 42 (taƴre/uurngol) walla NSF/ANSI 53 (ɓurtugol cellal keertiingol e tolnooji ɓuuɓɗi gonɗi e ɓuuɓri) Filteruuji karbon peewniraa tan ko ngam ɓuuɓnude ndiyam ɗam ina yahdi e kuule A Safe Drinking municipalwater.
   • Saturaasiyoŋ jaawɗo e "Dumping Desorption": Karbon kuutorteeɗo ina gollira e ɓuuɓnude molekule organik e nder ɓuuɓri mikroskoop. So hidrokarbonuuji petroŋ keewɗi, solɓe, walla tooke algaaji njippiima e karte pittaali tokoosi, leeso karbon ina saɗta e yaawre tawa alaa jeertinaango yiyngo ("ɓurtugol"). Ko ɓuri bonde nii, so ndiyam naatɗam ɗam ɓuuɓii, ina waawi desorbde (dump) kemikaaji ɗi njiylotonoo-ɗaa ko adii ɗuum, ngarta e nder gelaajo maa njareteeɗo e ɓuuɓri ɓurndi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam.
3. Sistemaaji osmosis mbayliigu (RO) les ɓuuɓri (NSF/ANSI 58 seedtinaama):
   • So tawii noon njuɓɓudiiji Osmosis Reverse (ɗi njiylotoo ko bolokaaji ko adii karbon, membrane RO semi-permeable, e caggal karbon) ina itta nitrateeji, njamndiiji teeŋtuɗi (plomb, arsenik), e siyanotoksin mikroo-sistin, membraaneeji RO polimerik gonɗi e ɓuuɓri ina naata e ɓuuɓri fisik e hidrokarbonuuji petroŋ (hono benzene), e ɓuuɓnude tanki mum en ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi so tawii ko e ɓuuɓol kemikal. Goomuuji cellal renndo ina wasiyoo huutoraade RO systems nder galleeji e nder wasiyaaji ɓuuɓɗi kemikal, sabu ndiyam mbonɗam ina bonna membrane e tanki desorɗe.

Reende Plombier maa jooni e ɓuuɓnude galle maa caggal "All-Clear".¶

So plume kemikal naatii e plombier nder galle maa, tan ko fadde haa wuro ngoo anndina wonde ndiyam mbedda mawɗam ina laaɓi heewaani. Galle maa ina jogii 150 haa 350 liiteer (40 haa 90 gallon) ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɓuuɓɗam e nder lowre maa ɓuuɓnde ndiyam ngulɗam, tuubaaji ndiyam ngulɗam, leeso resin softeende, e laabi kuutorɗe.

Faandaare 1: Isolation Plombier ko yaawi (So wasiyaaji ɗii ina ngolloo)¶

So tawii wasiyaaji Tier 2B (Kemikal/Fuel ɓuuɓɗo) walla Tier 3 (Woto kuutoro) bayyinaama :

1. Mumtu ɓuuɓol naatgol ndiyam ngulɗam dow ɓuuɓol maa ndiyam ngulɗam (wirlo e dow waktu ngam ɓuuɓol damal, walla 90 degere dow tuuba ngam ɓuuɓol bal).
2. So aɗa jogii ƴulɓe ndiyam tanki gaas walla kuuraa, tawa aɗa huutoroo ndiyam ngulɗam, waylu ƴulɓe ɗee e "PILOT / VACATION" (gaas) walla ɓuuɓnude ƴulɓe mum (electric) mbele ɗe ɓuuɓnataa so tawii ɓuuɓol ngol ina ustoo.
3. Bypass softeende ndiyam suudu maa fof walla filtirde karbon galle maa fof huutoraade 3-valve walla push-pull bypass manifold to caggal yuɓɓo hoore. So tawii hidrokarbonuuji petroŋ walla kemikaaji teeŋtuɗi naatii e lowre ɓuuɓnde softeende ndiyam, ɓuuɓol ngol ina moofta kemikaaji ɗii haa abada, tee ina foti lomtineede e njoɓdi mawndi.
4. Flip junngo bail wire UP (walla switch OFF) e dow ice maker otomatik frigo maa.

Faandaare 2 : Porotokol Dekontaminaasiyoŋ Plombier Cuuɗi caggal Wasiyaaji Ɗatal-Ɗatal¶

Hoto **fuɗɗoo ɓuuɓnude tuubaaji galle maa haa nde njuɓɓudi ndiyam maa anndini e dow laabi wonde yamiroore Hoto Yar / Hoto Huutoro yamiroore ndee ƴettaa ngam nokku maa keeriiɗo (utilities ina ɓuuɓna hydrants mbeddaaji e nder zoneeji jokkondirɗi ngam joom en galleeji ɗii ƴetta kemikaluuji mawɗi e nder laylaytol galle ɓurngol luggiɗde).

So zone mbedda maa laɓɓinaama e dow laabi:

1. Fuɗɗu Suudu nduu fof ko adii nde udditataa kala ɓuuɓri:
   • So tawii mboros oo ina waɗi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu (benzene, fuel, MCHM, solvants), uddita denndaangal windooji, udditaa fannuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder suudu lootorde e nder cuuɗi cafrirɗi, mbaɗtaa heen fannuuji kaɓirɗe ɓuuɓnooje haa yaasi hade maa udditaade ndiyam ɗam. Dogde kala faɗo ngam ɓuuɓnude tuubaaji ɗii maa yaltin ɓuuɓol juutngol e nder henndu nder suudu ; yimɓe reeduɓe, sukaaɓe tokosɓe, e yimɓe wonduɓe e asma ina poti yaltude walla fadde e nder suudu ndu henndu ina woodi, tawa mawɗo gooto ina uddita ɓuuɓri ndii.
2. Ittu e Laɓɓin Denndaangal Aeratoruuji Faucet e Koppi Duuɓi:
   • Sokkit ekranuuji aerator mesh tokoosi ɗii e tippudi kala ɓuuɓri sink cuuɗi e suudu lootorde. Ɓoornugol partikulaaji, ɓuuɓri lewru, ɓuuɓri karbon, e toɓɓe nebam ina nannga to bannge caggal ɗeen ekranuuji. Sokkit ɗe e ndiyam laaɓɗam e vinegar, ɓuuɓna ɗe e ɓuuɓri, ɗaccu ɗe off haa ɓuuɓna ndiyam ngulɗam timma.
3. Flush Pipes Cold-Water Gila e Les haa e Toownde (15 haa 30 Minit):
   • Uddit bibs hose yaasi ko adii fof fotde hojomaaji 5 ngam ruttaade ndiyam laaɓɗam street-main rewrude e laabi gollorɗi maa les leydi.
   • Ko adii, udditee denndaangal ɓulli ndiyam ngulɗam (ɓulli, ɓulli, ɓulli lootirɗi, ɓulli kuɓeeje, ɓulli lootirɗi) fuɗɗoraade e nder suudu les walla les, njahaa e dow suudu dowru.
   • Yo denndaangal tappiiji cooyɗi ɗii ndogdu e sahaa gooto e ɓuuɓri timmundi fotde ko famɗi fof hojomaaji 15 haa 30 (walla dumunna keeriiɗo mo utility maa yamiri) haa ndiyam ɗam doga haa laaɓa cer, tawa ina jogii zero chemical odor or sheen.
4. Drain e Flush Tank Hot-Water Heater haa timma:
   • Sabu 200 liiteer (50 gallon) ɓuuɓnoowo ndiyam ina jillondira e ndiyam naatɗam tawa ina ɓuuɓna ɗum no feewi, aɗa foti ɓuuɓnude ɓuuɓnoowo ndiyam ngulɗam ɗam ceertuɗam:
   • So tawii ko ɓuuɓnude doole/gaas ɓuuɓnoowo, jokkondirde e hojom garde e valve ɓuuɓɗo les njamndi mboɗeeri e nder tanki, ɓuuɓna tanki oo haa laaɓa, ɓuuɓna ɗum e ndiyam ngulɗam laaɓɗam, WALLA uddita denndaangal ɓulli ndiyam ngulɗam e nder galle hee, dogna ɗi fotde **ko famɗi fof 45 haa 6-0-50 minit tanki ; 75+ minit ngam tanki 300 liiteer / 80 gallon) ngam waylude ko famɗi fof volumes tanki ɗiɗi haa tati timmuɗi.
5. Purge Masiŋaaji lootirɗi, Masiŋaaji lootirɗi, e Masiŋaaji Ice:
   • Doggondira e lootorde diƴƴe ɗe ngalaa ko woni e mum rewrude e cirkooji ɗiɗi timmuɗi lootirɗi ndiyam ngulɗam tawa diƴƴe ngalaa.
   • Doggo lootoowo koltu mo alaa ko woni e mum rewrude e cirkel lootgol e lootgol timmungol timmungol.
   • Laɓɓin laylaytol ndiyam frigo ngol e ko famɗi fof liiteeruuji 8 haa 12 (gallon 2 haa 3) ndiyam, lomtinaa karte filtirde ndiyam frigo oo karte keso, dogdu e ɓuuɓnude binndi tati gadani keewɗi ɗi ɓuuɓri kesiri hade maa ñaamde kala ɓuuɓri.
6. Lomto Denndaangal Karte Filtirde Toɓɓere Kuutoragol:
   • Werlo kala karte filtirde memi ndiyam mbonɗam (filtirɗe pittaali, bolokaaji karbon les sink, karte sediment/karbon galle oo fof, e filtirɗe duɗal), loot cuuɗi palastik ɗii e saabunde diƴƴe e ndiyam laaɓɗam, mbaɗon karte kese.

Naamne keewɗe naamneede¶

Fuɗɗoode ƴeewtaama¶

• Biro ndiyam les e ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam reende taariindi: Wasiyaaji cellal ndiyam njareteeɗam ngam siyanotoksin (Microcystins e Cylindrospermopsin), Kuule ngenndiije ngam ndiyam njareteeɗam (40 CFR Part 141) ngam Benzene, VOCs, Nitrates, e Lead, e Ardorde mbayliigu VOCs e Siistem peccitagol caggal yiite ladde.
• Centres de Contrôle et de Prevention des Maladies (CDC, États-Unis): Kaɓirgal jokkondiral e wasiyaaji ndiyam njareteeɗam (Sifaaaji gollorɗi e jamirooje renndo ngam wasiyaaji ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, wasiyaaji woto njare, e wasiyaaji hoto kuutoro).
• Fedde Adunaare Cellal (OMS, hakkunde leyɗeele): Laabi ngam moƴƴinde ndiyam njareteeɗam (Edition 4e): Kewuuji ɓuuɓɗi kemikal, tookeeji siyanobakteriiji, e limtooji Methemoglobinemia Nitrate/Nitrite.
• Agence ngam binnditagol geɗe tookeeje e ñawuuji (ATSDR / CDC, leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik): Profaayiiluuji tookeeji wonande benzene, toluen, xilen, trikloroetilen (TCE), e 4-metilsikloheksanemetanol (MCHM) (Modeluuji ɓalndu e fooftere kollitooji ɓuuɓri nder galle).
• Fedde Ameriknaare Golle Ndiyam (AWWA) e Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Purdue ngam Kisal Plombier: Protokolle dekontaminasiyoŋ e ɓuuɓnugol plombier e nder nokkuuji caggal kewuuji naatgol hidrokarbon e kemikal (sampling permeation e stagnation pipe HDPE e PEX).

Ardiiɓe jokkondirɓe¶

• Citywide ndiyam mawɗam ɓuuɓɗam e wasiyaaji ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam
• Notice kisal ndiyam e boil
• Tide boɗeejo, ɓuuɓri algal bonndi, e tooke ndiyam siyanobakteriiji
• Puɗɗagol laylaytol kemikal, jolngo laana njoorndi, e jolngo e nokku
• Yiytude ɓuuɓri bonndi ndi rewaani laawol walla ɓuuɓri kemikal
• Tooke ballal gadanal
• Limooje emergency