Juutgol ɓuuɓol les zero, ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol (Dzud), e ɓuuɓgol ndunngu e nder ladde¶

Ɓoornugol juutngol les zero hawri e ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ngol naatataa e dow ɓuuɓol (anndiraangol e nder winndere ndee e helmere musiiba mongol dzud, e nder Amerik worgo e worgo Euraasi ko ndunngu ɓuuɓngu walla ɓuuɓol juutngol e nder arktik) ko ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol jonte keewɗe ɗo nguleeki -gree main air3us be (-22 degere Fahrenheit) haa -45 degere Celsius (-49 degere Fahrenheit) caggal toɓo-e-nees, cirƴam ɓuuɓɗam hakkunde ndunngu, walla ɓuuɓol luggiɗngol ina udda leyɗeele teeru. Nanduɗo e ɓuuɓol juutngol, udditgol arktik juutngol ina haɗa ɓuuɓgol e yah-ngartaa laddeeji e mbaydiiji mbayliigu faɗo : propane ndiyam ina woppa ɓuuɓde e nder tankiiji yaajɗi e -42 degere Celsius (-44 degere Fahrenheit), filtirde disel #2 nde safraaka e paraffig ɓuuɓnde pluffils ɓuuɓnde wonta ko rewataa e les ice glaze, e ɓulli udditiiɗi ina ɓuuɓta ko ɓuri meeter 1 (3,3 feet) teddeendi. So tawii ko caɗeele safaara walla nguleeki keɓii e nder isolation rural, noddu limoore caɗeele nokku maa (911 e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e Kanadaa, 112 e nder Dental Orop, 999 e nder leydi Angalteer) walla ƴeewto regginorde amen e limooje caɗtuɗe. Ngam toppitaade ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi, janngu vortex polar, ɓuuɓri arktik, e wuurde e nguleeki henndu, ƴeewtaade henndu ndunngu e ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓol, e peewnugol majjugol yiytere e ɓuuɓol leydi, ɓuuɓol danewol, e laabi kisal.

Waɗde ɗum jooni¶

1. Koolkisagol denndaangal hoɗɓe e galle e nder suudu wooturu, ɓuuɓndu, fa’de e Fuɗnaange, e hoolkisaade ƴeewndorɗe gaas karbonik. So nguleeki weeyo ina heddii les -35 degere Celsius (-31 degere Fahrenheit) fotde jonte, nguleeki galle ndema fof ina usta keɓe petroŋ e yaawre. Waɗde ɓoornaade wutteeji teeŋtuɗi walla tarpeeji e dame ngam uddude cuuɗi ɗi kuutoraaka, lesɗinde termostaatuuji e nder baagal ɓuuɓngal, ƴeewndoɗaa alarmuuji gaddooji karbonik kuutortooɗi batteeji hade maa huɓɓude kala ko ina ɓuuɓna leɗɗe, kuuraa, walla kerosin.
2. Isulaade ɓalli tankiiji propane peeñɗi e ɓuuɓnude filtoraaji nebam petroŋ yaajɗi hade nguleeki yettaade -35 degere Celsius (-31 degere Fahrenheit). Propaan ndiyam ina dartoo ɓuuɓde e gaas kuutorteeɗo e -42 degere Celsius (-44 degere Fahrenheit), e ɓuuɓri tanki ina ustoo to -5 Celsius (-31 degere) so tawii tanka kaa ina heewi les 30 e nder teemedere. Buru nees e ɓuuɓri regulator, banke insulating nees e saraaji les tanki (walla huutoraade UL-listed tank propane heating blanket), e woto meeɗ waɗde lampa udditiika walla ndiyam ngulɗam e tanki walla laana gaas.
3. Safrude denndaangal tarakteeruuji disel, kammuuji, jeneratooruuji, e tankiiji nebam ɓuuɓɗi yaajɗi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri anti-gel e #1 ɓuuɓri kerosin. So tawii ko ɓuuɓri parafin ina yalta e disel #2 ("toɓɓere duule" hedde -9 degereeji Celsius "greegelh de15] toɓɓere -15 degere Celsius [0 degere Fahrenheit]), ɓeydooje haɗde nattii waawde ɓuuɓnude ƴiiƴam ɗam. Waɗde filtoraaji petroŋ spin-on e re-liquefier wax disel nder galle maa ɓuuɓɗo ngam laaɓtinde filtoraaji tiraktoruuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder sahaaji caɗeele ñamri jawdi.
4. Rig laylaytol kisal duumingol 10 milimeeteer (0.375 inch) hakkunde damal galle, lowre leɗɗe, tanki petroŋ, e lowre. Siistemaaji toowɗi arktik juutɗi ina ngadda ɓuuɓol leydi ɓuuɓngol e henndu ɓuuɓndu jamma. Hoto meeɗ yahde to barme walla to tanki stok to -40 degere Celsius (-40 degere Fahrenheit) tawa aɗa jogii ɓoggol gonngol e njillu, gite ski, balaclava, e waktu ƴeewndo e neɗɗo nder suudu.
5. Taƴde e ɓuuɓnude ɓulli ndiyam njareteeɗam jawdi laabi ɗiɗi ñalawma kala e huutoraade taƴre daande maayo e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi. Daabaaji ina maaya e ŋakkere ndiyam e impaction colic balɗe ko adii heege e nder ice-lock freeze sabu ñaamde hayre yoornde tawa ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam alaa ina addana rumen impaction fatal. Hoto meeɗ ɗaccude daabaaji njaha e dow weendu ɓuuɓndu ngam yarde e ɓuuɓri hakkundeeri ; taƴde ɓulli ndiyam walla ɓulli gonɗi e daande maayo gila e footing banke tiiɗɗo e skim out denndaangal taƴde ice chunks hade ɓuuɓol ngol refreezes.
6. Feccitde ƴiye glazed e nder laddeeji ndunngu e nawde jawdi e nder ladde nde henndu ɓuuɓnata. So toɓo ɓuuɓngo walla cirƴam ɓuuɓɗam ina addana ƴiye 2-5-santimeeteer (0.8-to-2-inch) trying dow nees, pucci, jawdi, baali to goat the crust, e Siftor daabaaji caggal 20%-porosity henndu, ñammin hayre juutnde e nder kikiiɗe ngam nguleeki fermentation ina ɓeydoo heewde e hakkunde jamma, e leeso leydi ɓuuɓndi e 30 santimeeteer (12 inch) huɗo yoorngo.

Lekki kuulal : juutde balɗe e nder laddeeji e triage jawdi dzud¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Ɓooygol juutngol / Ɓooygol Dzud : Temperaaji <= -30 C (-22 F) haa -45 C (-49 F) + Ɓoornugol geec walla Nees luggiɗngo"] --> Sector{"Hol system critique mo ŋakki?"}

    Sector -->|"1. ƁURI SUUDU & ƁURI ƁURDE : Fuurnaas Flame-Out walla Gaas Leelɗo"| FuelCheck{"Hol ko woni petroŋ ɓuuɓɗo mo galle oo huutortoo?"}

    FuelCheck -->|"Tanki Propaan (GPL)."| PropaneFix["POROTOKOOL ƁURƊO ƁURDE PROPANE: 1. Ƴeewto njuuteendi tanki: so < 30% e -35 C (-31 F), ɓuuɓol ngol ina ustoo les 70 kPa (10 psi) 2. Uddude kuutorɗe gaas ɗe ngonaa nguurndam ngam ustude ɓuuɓol gonngol e Banksu onnowla ɓanndu tanki les (meeɗaa dow dome walla regulator)"]

    FuelCheck -->|"Nebam ɓuuɓɗam (#2 Nebam ɓuuɓɗam) walla Disel"| OilFix["WAX GELLING & FILTER PROTOCOL: 1. Ƴeewto ɓuuɓri tanki yaajndi e laylaytol ngam ƴeewde so tawii ko ɓuuɓri parafin 2. Suudu filtirde ɓuuɓndu e laylaytol huutortoo ko kaɓirgal nguleeki kuuraa walla ɓuuɓri ndiyam ngulɗam (alaa lampaaji) 3. Lomto filtirde petroŋ spin-on ɓuuɓnde e ɓeydu heen petroŋ de-icer #% B30ne tanki"]

    Sector -->|"2. NDIYAM DAABAAJI E ƊAƊƊI ƊAƊƊI : Ɓoornugol (Dzud) + Tankiiji ɓuuɓɗi"| HerdCheck{"Hol ko woni kulhuli gadani e jawdi ndii ?"}

    HerdCheck -->|"Fuɗɗoode Ndiyam Ɓooyɗam"| WaterFix["TRIAGE HYDRATION DAABAAJI: 1. Woto meeɗ accude jawdi walla pucci e dow ice weendu 2. Feccere e ice weendu e taƴde ɓuuɓri ndiyam 3. Skim out denndaangal ɓuuɓri taƴndi ndi ɗoon e ɗoon e waɗde ɓuuɓri float insulated so ina waawi ( C4) dow"]

    HerdCheck -->|"Ice Crust / Heege / Henndu ɓuuɓndu"| FeedFix["DZUD SHELTER & METABOLIC FEEDING: 1. Moƴƴinde jawdi e nder 20%-porosity henndu ɓuuɓndu walla ɓuuɓri gonndi e banngeeji tati 2. Haɗde daabaaji pawing ɓuuɓɗi 3. Ɓeydude ñamri hayre ɓurndi juutde e 1% e kala degere C les temperature critique Fe0 to 4 18:00"]

    Sector -->|"3. ISOLAATION MEDICAL WALLA SUPPLY HUMAN: Laabi ndartinaama fotde jonte"| IsolationFix["GUURNDAM WAƊDE LAADE: 1. Woto meeɗ etaade yahde e werlaa gelaaɗo e -40 C (-40 F) 2. Rajo ɓuuɓngo e yahdu e nder suudu 1 nder suudu + laylaytol nder suudu 3. Sosde laabi ɗiɗi ñalnde kala rajo walla satelit neldude"]

Famde meteoroloji e fisik dzud e lock-in juutɗo les zero¶

E nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, henndu ndunngu ina heewi jogaade balɗe tati hade henndu ngulndu artude e nguleeki no woorunoo. E nder duundeeji ndernderiiji, e nder laddeeji toowɗi, e nder laddeeji hakkunde koɗli, e nder laddeeji arktik (hono Mongoli, Kasakstan, Siberi, Prairies Kanadaa, nder Alaska, laddeeji mawɗi to bannge worgo Amerik, e laddeeji Skandinaavi d henndu ɓuuɓndu nder balɗe 30 haa 90 jokkondirɗe.

So tawii ndeeɗoo nguleeki juutki ina rewi e jokkondire weeyo keertiiɗe, annduɓe weeyo e juɓɓule musibbaaji ndema ina njuɓɓina kewu nguu e kuutoragol tipolooji dzud winndereeji ɗi Fedde Adunaare Meteoroloji (OMS) e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Nguura e Ndema (FAO) nganndi :

Haɗde e safrude jokkere enɗam : propane, nebam nguleeki, e disel¶

Wakkati ɓurɗo bonde e galle ladde woɗɗuɗo e nder -40 degere Celsius (-40 degere Fahrenheit) coktirgal arktik ko nde furnaange hakkundeejo walla jeneraal backup maayi ɗoon e ɗoon, wonaa sabu tanki petroŋ oo ina woodi, kono ko sabu petroŋ oo yettiima keerol faɗo mum fisik.

1. Ko ɓuuɓri tanki propane (GPL) woni -42 degere Celsius (-44 degere Celsius)¶

Gaas petroŋ ndiyam (propane HD-5 njulaagu) ina jooɗii e nder lowre njamndi yaajnde, ko wayi no ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam les ɓuuɓol gaas ɓuuɓngol. So furnaange nder suudu ina huɓɓa, ina ƴetta cumu e dow mum ; ngool ɓuuɓol ina addana propaan ndiyam gonɗam les ɗam ɓuuɓde, hebbina ɓuuɓol ngol. - Ko -42,2 degere Celsius (-44 degere Fahrenheit) Wall toɓɓere ɓuuɓnde: E nder nguleeki weeyo, propane ndiyam ina ɓuuɓta e -42,2 degere Celsius (-44 degere Fahrenheit). E 21 degere Celsius (70 degere Celsius), nguleeki tanki ina tolnoo e 860 kiloopaskal (125 psi) ; to -18 degere Celsius (0 degere Celsius), ina ustoo haa 193 kiloopaskal (28 psi); e -35 degere Celsius (-31 degere Celsius), nde fawii ko e 55 kiloopaskal (8 psi), ko famɗi fof ina waawi dogginde reggondirɗo e tolnooji ɗiɗi ; e to -42,2 degere Celsius (-44 degere Fahrenheit), ɓuuɓol gaas ngol ina yettoo 0 kiloopaskal (0 psi) ko noon gaas zero ina ilna hay so tanki oo ina heewi 80 e nder teemedere. - Autorefrigeration e nder tankiiji lesɗi: Propan ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ina moofta nguleeki suuɗki rewrude e kuɓeeje njamndi tankiiji ɗii. So tawii tanki ina heewi les 25 e nder teemedere, ina famɗi no feewi nokku ɗo njamndi mboɗeeri ndii ɓuuɓnata ngam soomde nguleeki yaajki, ina ɓuuɓna ndiyam heddiiɗam ɗam les -42 degere Celsius (-44 degere Fahrenheit) hay so henndu yaasi nduu ina woni -30 degere Celsius (-22 degere Fahrenheit).

Golle cakkitiiɗe ngam artirde doggol propane :¶

1. Ustu teddeendi ɓuuɓndi BTU: Ustu kuutorɗe gaas ɗiɗaɓere (ɓuuɓri ndiyam, ɓuuɓnugol, ɓuuɓnugol garaas) e cirƴam ɓuuɓnugol adanngol gootol tan e sahaa gooto.
2. Banke laaɓɗo nees e saraaji les torso tanki: Piling loose nees e saraaji les tanki ina haɗa aaludere e cooyngal jamma radiative. Woto meeɗ uddude dome, valve shutoff, walla regulator les nees, kadi jogaade ɓuuɓri fooftere regulator gonndi les ndi, ndi laaɓaa e ɓuuɓri.
3. Fooɗtu regulator ɓuuɓɗo e kisal: Ɓoornu regulator ɓuuɓɗo e nder towel, ɓuuɓna ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam (40 haa 50 degere Celsius [104 haa 122 degere Fahrenheit]) e dow mum, walla huutoroo ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi tanki propane limtaaɗi e UL. Hoto meeɗ huutoraade lampa walla lampa udditiika.

2. Disel e #2 nebam ngulɗam parafin wax gelling¶

Disel #2 gonɗo e nebam ɓuuɓɗam galle #2 ina njogii hidrokarbon parafin mo ɓuuɓnata haa wonta ɓuuɓri wax so ina ɓuuɓi. To Toɓɓere Duule (-9 haa -12 degere Celsius [15 haa 10 degere Fahrenheit]), kiristaaluuji wax ina mbaɗta duule petroŋ e geɗe filtirde kaayitaaji coktirɗe ; to Toɓɓere Gel (-15 haa -18 degere Celsius [5 haa 0 degere Fahrenheit]), nebam #2 mo ɓuuɓnaaka ina tiiɗa e nder laabi njamndi.

Golle cakkitiiɗe ngam petroŋ gel:¶

1. Haɗde winndere ndee ko adii nde ɓuuɓol ngol waɗata: Ƴeewndo #1 Disel walla #1 Kerosin (K-1) e nder tankiiji petroŋ #2 yaajɗi (jokkondire 50/50 ina ɓuuɓtoo haa -35 degere Celsius [-31 degere Fahrenheit], e 100 e nder teemedere #14degereeji Celsius degereeji Farenheit]). Ɓeydu heen Moƴƴinoowo ɓuuɓri (Anti-Gel) tawa petroŋ ina ɓuuɓi haa jooni ko ɓuri -5 degere Celsius (23 degere Fahrenheit).
2. De-gel e nder -40 degere Celsius (-40 degere Fahrenheit): Hoto meeɗ ɓuuɓnude moteri disel gelaaɗo laabi keewɗi. Lomto filtirde petroŋ spin-on ɓuuɓnde e filtirde spare ɓuuɓnde heewnde feccere e 50 e nder teemedere #1 kerosin e 50 e nder teemedere Diesel Wax Re-Liquefier, werla re-liquefier wax e kerosin #1 ɓuuɓɗo e nder tanki hee, e tenda suudu filtirde ndee e tarp e hair d minuter electric a30.

Wuurde jawdi e nder dzud : ñamri, ɓuuɓri henndu, e taƴgol ndiyam¶

E nder kewuuji juutɗi les zero e dzuds ice-crusted, jawdi ina maaya so tawii ɓuuɓol henndu ina yaawi ɓuuɓde ko ɓuri ko ƴiiƴam mum en waawi ɓuuɓnude nguura, walla so ŋakkeende ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam haɗii ɓuuɓnude rumen.

1. Lesɗingol nguleeki (LCT) e ñamri mbaylaandi¶

Nagge walla puccu mawngu nguu ina jogii Temperature critique inférieure (LCT) -7 haa -13 degere Celsius (19 haa 9 degere Celsius) (ina ummoo haa +15 degere Celsius [59 degere Celsius ko we] so tawii co). 1. Kuulal Hay 1-Teemdere-E-Degereeji: Ɓeydude ñamri semmbe ɓuuɓndi e 1% e kala degereeji 1 Celsius (degereeji 2 Fahrenheit) ɗi nguleeki henndu ustata les LCT daaba oo. E -40 degere Celsius (-40 degere Fahrenheit), jawdi joorndi ina ɗaɓɓi 30% e semmbe nguura ñalnde kala. 2. Nyaamde hayre juutnde, wonaa ɓuuɓri gawri ɓuuɓndi: Pucci e pucci ina ngadda nguleeki core rewrude e fermentation microbienne de la fibre cellulose (hayre). Sowde gawri ɓuuɓndi ina addana asidosis laktik e ɓuuɓri ; ko noon, ndokkee huɗo cuɓaaɗo e hayre alfalfa. 3. Nyaamde nyaamdu hayre ɓurndu teeŋtude hakkunde 16:00 e 18:00: Nguleeki fermentation rumen ina ɓeydoo heewde waktuuji 4 haa 8 caggal nde ñaami, ina hawra e peewnugol nguleeki ndernderi ɓurki toowde e waktuuji ɓurɗi toowde hakkunde jamma haa fajiri.

2. Porotokol ndiyam jawdi kisal subzero¶

Hoto meeɗ ɗaccude jawdi walla pucci ina njillondiri e weendu ɓuuɓndu saraaji ɓuuɓol hakkundeewol, ngol ɓuuɓnata ɓuuɓol ngol, ina addana yimɓe heewɓe ronkude. 1. Fencing off frozen ponds e taƴde ɓulli gonɗi e daande maayo tan ɗo ɓulli ɗii njuɓɓinta e dow les kaaƴe tiiɗɗe, huutoraade ɓulli ngam haɗde daabaaji 2 walla 3 naatde e sahaa gooto. 2. Yaajnude cumu leɗɗe, njaareendi, walla hayre ɓuuɓnde e nder ɓadtaade bannge ice ngam daabaaji ɗii njuumta, pecca pelɓi mum en. 3. Skim denndaangal ɓulli ice taƴaaɗi e nder ɓuuɓri ɗoon e ɗoon ngam slush waasa aawde refreezing yaawɗo, e uddude 80 e nder teemedere ɓuuɓri ndii e ɓuuɓri leɗɗe insulated float lid.

3. Innjiniyaaruuji ɓuuɓɗi henndu e reende sukaaɓe jibinaaɓe¶

Pewnugol henndu e 20 e nder teemedere porosity (alluuje 15 santimeeteer [6 inch] e 3,8 santimeeteer [1,5 inch] gap) ngam taƴde njaaweeki henndu e 75 e nder teemedere e nder nokku gonɗo e weeyo laabi 10 tooweeki feccere tawa o werlaaki e dow ŋoral nees. Lelnde ɓuuɓnde leydi e 30 santimeeteer (12 inch) huɗo yoorngo ngam haɗde ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam e nder na’i e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam e nder na’i, e yoorde nagge jibinaaɗo keso e nder galle hade mum ñamminde nguleeki (38 degere Celsius [100 degere Fahrenheit of2).

4. Haɗde ŋakkeende kaɓirɗe e ruppitgol laabi ndiyam to -40 degere Celsius (-40 degere Fahrenheit)¶

So aɗa ñammina jawdi e jolngo yeeso walla aɗa laɓɓina laabi naatgol ranndo e nder sahaa ɓuuɓol, geɗe mekanik e ndiyam gonɗe e mbaydi mbaylaandi ina mbaɗta ɓuuɓde : - Porotokol ɓuuɓgol ndiyam: E -40 degere Celsius (-40 degere Fahrenheit), ndiyam ndiyam coofɗam ina jogii ɓuuɓri molaas coofɗo. Naatde e juuɗe jolngo ndiyam walla steering doole ɗoon e ɗoon caggal nde tiraakteer oo fuɗɗii, ina ɓuuɓna pompe ndiyam ɗee, ina fuɗa hoses kaɓirɗe toowɗe. Yo tarakteer oo 1 000 haa 1 200 RPM fotde 15 haa 20 minit, cirƴaa kala silindirgel hidrolik seeɗa seeɗa tawa alaa ko jolnata ngam cirƴaade ndiyam ngulɗam hade maa ƴeftude balɗe hayre teeŋtuɗe. - Ɓuuɓri njamndi mboɗeeri toowndi: Les -30 degere Celsius (-22 degere Fahrenheit), pinngi jokkorgal njamndi mboɗeeri, kaɓirɗe jolɗe, e laanaaji bale jolnirɗi ina ustoo tiiɗnaare (mbayliigu ductile-to-brittle). Hoto meeɗ ɓuuɓnude kaɓirgal towwal ɓuuɓngal walla ɓuuɓnude lannda bale teeŋtuɗo e leydi ɓuuɓndi, sibu njamndi ndii ina waawi ɓuuɓde no njamndi mboɗeeri nii, ina werloo pecce njamndi feewde e kaɓirgal ngal.

Wuurde e nder yontereeji keewɗi e nder galle ladde subzero¶

So laabi ladde ina njuuti ina udditee les meeteeruuji 2 (6,5 feet) neesuuji ɓuuɓɗi e henndu, nguleeki ina jooɗii e -40 degereeji Celsius (-40 degereeji Fahrenheit), sarwisaaji cafrirɗi, kammuuji jolnooji petroŋ, e gollotooɓe peewnugol kuutorɗe ina mbaawi waasde yettaade galleeji ɗiɗi toowɗi ngam weeks.

1. Sosde mikroo-kilimaa nder suudu ("Suudu-Nder-Suudu")¶

So tawii njuɓɓudi nguleeki maa adanndi ndii ina ŋakki walla so tawii restoraaji petroŋ ina ustoo les 25 e nder teemedere : 1. Suɓo suudu wooturu tokoosru nder suudu (walla suudu tokoosru jogiindu ƴulɓe leɗɗe seedtinɗe) e dow ŋoral mawngal, woɗɗitaade ŋoral henndu. 2. Vis kopporeeje walla jolɗe furring strips dow windooji yaasi ɗii e fawde laabi ɗiɗi ɓuuɓɗi wootere, saakuuji ɗanngal, walla insulation bubble-wrap dow gilaas, ɓuuɓna les ɗii e dow windooji ɗii ngam haɗde ɓuuɓol dow. 3. Pitch tennde kammu 3-season walla 4-season dow ŋoral teddungal walla ŋoral ŋoral nder suudu nduu. Yimɓe nayo ɗaaniiɓe e nder laylaytol naylon tokosol gonngol e nder suudu ndu ɓuuɓnaaka ina mbaawi jogaade henndu nder laylaytol ngol e +12 degereeji Celsius haa +18 degereeji Celsius (54 degereeji Fahrenheit haa 64 degereeji Fahrenheit) huutoraade nguleeki ɓanndu tan the drop be the evens

2. Ƴettugol plomberie vs jogaade tuubaaji nguurndam¶

E -40 degere Celsius (-40 degere Fahrenheit), tuubaaji ndiyam ɗi ɓuuɓnaaka e nder mahe yaajɗe ina ɓuuɓta, ina ɓuuɓta e nder waktuuji 2 haa 4, ina ɓuuɓna galle oo e ɓuuɓri so ɓuuɓnaama. - So tawii aɗa jogii haa jooni nguleeki e doole/ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam: Uddit dame cuuɗi e suudu lootorde les sinkiiji mbele henndu suudu ngulndu ina yettoo tuubaaji mahol, kadi yoo faucets ngulɗi e cooyɗi fof ɓuuɓto e pencil-lead stream (ndiyam dilloojam ina nawra nguleeki gila e leydi luggiɗndi). - So nguleeki maa ŋakki haa laaɓi: Woto ɗaɓɓu tuubaaji ɓuuɓde. Uddit valve ndiyam suudu mawndu les laabi 6uu6ol (walla 6uu6nu 6uu6ol pompiyee 6uu6ol), udditu kala 6uu6ol e dow etaaji toowcfi e lescfi ngam naatde henndu, 6uu6nu 6uu6ol 6uu6ol les ngol, 6uu6nu tanki 6uu6ol ndiyam ngulcfam, 6uu6nu kala 6uu6ol ngam 6uu6nude tanki propxirno, e-- antifreeze** e nder kala sink P-trap, ɓuuɓri batte, e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri mbele ndiyam dariiɗam e nder ɓuuɓri ndii ina ɓuuɓna porselin walla njamndi mboɗeeri. Ngam heɓde laabi ƴellitgol tuubaaji timmuɗi, ƴeew men tuubaaji ɓuuɓɗi njiylawu emergency e alaa nguleeki e nder ndunngu guide.

Limooje emergency diiwaan e porotokolle agence¶

E nder musibbaaji juutɗi ɗi ngalaa semmbe e ice-locks ndema, jokkondir e dispatch emergency medical e njuɓɓudi maa ngenndiwal ndema walla defense siwil :

• Leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik: Noddu 911 ngam heɓde caɗeele safaara walla kisal nguurndam. Ngam heɓugo ballal nyaamdu jawdi nder wakkatiire nden e bayyinaango musiiba, jokkondir bee lesdi ma Agency hukuuma hakkilanki (EMA) e Agency Farm Service USDA (FSA) (ko ɗon arda Porogaram Indemnity Dabbaaji e Ballal Dabbaaji nder wakkatiire nde). Monitor Sarwiis ngenndiijo weeyo (NWS) Jeertinaango nguleeki ɓurtuki (weather.gov).
• Kanada: Noddu 911 ngam polis, yiite, e hisnude safrooɓe. Monitor Taariindi e waylo-waylo weeyo Kanadaa (ECCC) Jeertinaango nguleeki ɓurtuki. Munisipaaluuji teeru e ministeeruuji ndema e nder diiwanuuji ina njuɓɓina jolngo nguura e nder ndunngu e prioritisation de snowplow ngam jolngo safaara e petroŋ.
• Dental Leyɗeele: Noddu 999 walla 112 ngam humpitaade ko yowitii e caɗeele, walla 105 ngam humpitaade taƴgol yiite (galleeji teeru ɗi ngalaa caɗeele ina mbaawi winnditaade e Registre des services priorités). E nder dumunna ɓuuɓɗo dow koye, Defra, Laamu Ecoppi, e Fedde Ngenndiire Remooɓe (NFU) ina njuɓɓina keɓgol nguura e nder sahaa caɗtuɗo.
• Dental Orop e leyɗeele Nordik: Noddu 112 e nder leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e UE ɗee kala, Norwees, e Islande. To leydi Suwed (MSB), Finlande (Pelastustoimi), Norwees (DSB), e Islande (Almannavarnir), laamuuji ndeenka siwil ina njuɓɓina ƴettugol safrooɓe e otooji neesuuji jokkondirɗi e jokkondire petroŋ ngam ustude nguleeki.
• Mongoli, Asii hakkundeejo, e Asii-Pacifik: To Mongoli, noddu 101 / 105 ngam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (NEMA), jokkondirnde e jaabawol dzud ngenndiwal, e restoraaji durngol ndunngu, e Croix-Rouge / FAO peccitagol nguura. To Siin, noddu 110 / 119 / 120; to leydi Japon, noddu 119; e nder Ostarali e Nuwel Selannde, noddu 000 (Ostarali) walla 111 (New Selannde) e yuɓɓinde wellitaare jawdi leydi toowndi rewrude e Remooɓe Fedde NZ walla Departemaaji Industiriiji Pulaaruuji dowlaaji.

Naamne keewɗe naamneede¶

Hol ko waɗi -40 degere Celsius ina fota e -40 degere Fahrenheit, kadi hol ko waɗi njuɓɓudi mekanik ina ŋakka e oon sahaa ?¶

Peeje nguleeki Celsius e Fahrenheit ina kawri e -40 degere sabu foormula waylo-waylo lineer. Ko wonaa ndeen hiisa, -40 degere ko limre ŋakkeende ɓanndu wonande njuɓɓudi teeru : propaan HD-5 njulaagu ina yettoo toɓɓere mum weeyo to -42,2 degere Celsius (-44 degere Fahrenheit) e majjude nguleeki tanki, nitrile transhydrick goobu glass e O- craring flexed, nebam moteruuji gaadoraaɗi ina tiiɗa, batteeji asid-plomb ina ustoo ko ɓuri 70 e nder teemedere e njaru mum en cranking.

Mbele miɗo waawi werlaade alkol walla bensin ɓuuɓɗo e nder tiraktor disel walla e nder tanki nebam ngulɗam ngam haɗde gellitaade e -40 degere ?¶

Hoto meeɗ werlaade bensiin walla alkol ɓuuɓɗo galle e nder mooftirgel disel jamaanu walla e nder tanki nebam ɓuuɓɗam. Bensin ina usta ɓuuɓol disel haa tolnooji ɓuuɓɗi, ina bonna pompe ɓuuɓɗe (common-rail) toowɗe, alkol ina addana seerndude fasaaji, ina bonna ɓuuɓol. Tan ɓuuɓna kerosin laaɓɗo #1 walla disel #1 e huutoraade disel njulaagu keeriiɗo, mo alaa alkol, moƴƴinoowo ɓuuɓɗo e re-liquefiers wax.

Hol no foti nees foti ɓuuɓde ngam ɓuuɓnude liiteer gooto (1 liiteer) ndiyam njareteeɗam so ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓtii ?¶

Nees loowɗo ina jogii njuuteendi nees e ndiyam 10:1 haa 15:1, ɗum firti ko aɗa foti ɓuuɓnude 10 haa 15 liiteer (2,6 haa 4 gallon) nees loowɗo ngam heɓde liiteer gooto (liiteer 1) ndiyam. Waɗde nees yoorɗo to bannge lowre yoornde dow ŋoral ina ɓuuɓna lowre njamndi nde pooɗe henndu ina ɓuuɓna nees dow. Waɗde sahaa kala, ɓuuɓna santimeeteeruuji 3 haa 5 (1 haa 2 inch) ndiyam puɗɗorɗam ɓuuɓɗam e nder lowre ndee ko adii, pawa heen ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi walla ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi e nder ndiyam ngulɗam ɗam, ɓeyda heen, ngadda ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam haa ɓuuɓta.

Hol ko waɗi baali e na’i ina maaya caggal nde ñaami huɗo ɓuuɓngo e sahaa dzud ɓuuɓɗo?¶

So tawii ko ɓuuɓol teeŋtungol walla ɓuuɓol rime ina yoori huɗo durngol ndunngu to -35 degere Celsius (-31 degere Fahrenheit), nagge walla ɓiɗɗo debbo weelo ina ñaama kilooji keewɗi e ɓuuɓol gonngol les zero wondude e ƴiye ɗee. Ndeen ɓuuɓol ina ustoo nguleeki nder reedu gila e 39 degere Celsius (102 degere Celsius) les 30 degere Celsius (86 degere Celsius), ina ɓuuɓna mikroobiiji rumen, ina dartina ɓuuɓri ɓalndu, ina addana ɗum ɓuuɓde e nder reedu, ina addana ɗum ɓuuɓde e nder reedu.

Hol ko pot-mi waɗde so tawii neɗɗo e nder galle ndema mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa mboros bonɗo, mo waawaa yettaade safrirde balɗe ?¶

Ƴeewto-ɗee baasal ɓuuɓde hade ɓuuɓnude tergal ngal. E wiyde Wilderness Medical Society e Red Cross, so tawii won fartaŋŋe mo junngo walla koyngal ɓuuɓngal waawi ɓuuɓde laawol ɗiɗaɓol, jogaade ƴiiƴam ɗam ɓuuɓɗam haa suudu ɓuuɓndu nduu dartinaa, sibu ɓuuɓde e ɓuuɓtude ina addana ƴiiƴam ɗam ɓuuɓde. So tawii ko e nder suudu ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓna ekstreem e nder ndiyam cirƴam ɓuuɓɗam haa 37 haa 39 degere Celsius (98,6 haa 102,2 degere Fahrenheit) fotde hojomaaji 30 haa nde ɓuuɓna, rokka ibuprofen so ina woodi, ɓuuɓna gasterlis gooto e pozeu laaɓtuɗo, loowa ɓuuɓna kala digitte b resde ñawɗo oo e koyngal ɓuuɓngal. Ƴettude kursus ballal gadanal e juuɗe ummoraade e Croix-Rouge, St John Ambulance, walla balloowo nokku oo ina hebbina ɓesnguuji teeru ngam toppitaade ko juuti.

Ardiiɓe jokkondirɓe¶

• Vortex polar, ɓuuɓri arktik, e nguurndam ɓuuɓri henndu
• Ɓoornugol leydi, ɓuuɓol danewol, e laabi kisal
• Hipotermi e ballal gadanal e nder sahaa ɓuuɓɗo
• Alaa nguleeki e ndunngu : nguurndam nder suudu e nguleeki backup kisal

Fuɗɗoode e ardorde laawɗunde¶

• Fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Nguura e Ndema (FAO) e Fedde Adunaare Meteoroloji (WMO): Jeertinaango Dzud, Tipoloji Musiibaaji Ndunngu Pastoral (Dzuds Daneeji, Ɓaleeji, Ice, Cold, e Combined Dzuds), e Laabi ñamri jawdi e nder sahaaji cakkitiiɗi.
• Departemaa Demokaraasi Amerik (USDA) Sarwiis Yaajnugol e Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Dakota worgo / Montana State Extension: Njuɓɓudi jawdi winndere e nder nguleeki ɓurtuki, njuɓɓudi ñamri (LCT) njuɓɓudi ñamri, e Innjiniyaaruuji ndiyam gonɗi e les zero.
• Fedde ngenndiire ngam gaasuuji propan (NPGA) e NFPA 58 (Kod gaas petroŋ ɓuuɓɗo): Kuuruuji nguleeki ɓuuɓki propan, haɗde autorefrigeration e sahaa nguleeki, e kisal ɓuuɓgol nees/ice regulator.
• Laboratoori wiɗto e innde nokkuuji cooyɗi konu Amerik (CRREL): Deftere golle e nder weeyo cooyngo: Waxing/Gelling Remediation fuel diesel, njuɓɓudi batteeji Subzero, e Innjiniyaaruuji nokkuuji cooyɗi ɓurɗi heewde.
• Wilderness Medical Society (WMS): Laabi gollorɗi safaara ngam haɓaade e safrude ñawu nguu e nder nokkuuji toowɗi e ɓuuɓɗi.