Prolonged Subzero Freeze, Ice-Crusted Grazing (Dzud), and Rural Winter Isolation¶

A prolonged subzero freeze combined with an impenetrable ice crust over snowpack (internationally known by the Mongolian disaster term dzud, and across North America and northern Eurasia as an ice-lock winter or prolonged arctic outbreak) is a multi-week emergency where air temperatures remain at or below -30 degrees Celsius (-22 degrees Fahrenheit) to -45 degrees Celsius (-49 degrees Fahrenheit) after rain-on-snow, mid-winter thaw-refreeze cycles, or deep snowfall buries rural landscapes. Unlike a short blizzard, a prolonged arctic lock-in disables rural heating and transport systems at physical phase-change thresholds: liquid propane stops vaporizing inside exterior tanks at -42 degrees Celsius (-44 degrees Fahrenheit), untreated #2 diesel and heating oil solidify into paraffin wax gels that plug filters, gravel roads become impassable under glaze ice, and open stock ponds freeze over 1 meter (3.3 feet) thick. If a medical or heating emergency occurs during rural isolation, call your local emergency number (911 in the United States and Canada, 112 across the European Union, 999 in the United Kingdom) or consult our directory of lambobin gaggawa. For acute cold exposure care, read polar vortex, arctic outbreak, and wind chill survival, review winter storms and blizzards, and prepare for visibility loss with ground blizzards, blowing snow whiteouts, and safety lines.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. Consolidate all household occupants into one insulated South-facing room and verify carbon monoxide detectors. When outdoor temperatures stay below -35 degrees Celsius (-31 degrees Fahrenheit) for weeks, heating an entire farmhouse exhausts fuel reserves rapidly. Hang heavy wool blankets or tarps across doorways to seal off unused rooms, lower thermostats in drained wings, and test battery-powered carbon monoxide alarms before lighting any wood, coal, or kerosene heater.
2. Insulate exposed propane tank bodies and wrap exterior fuel oil filters before temperatures reach -35 degrees Celsius (-31 degrees Fahrenheit). Liquid propane stops boiling into usable gas at -42 degrees Celsius (-44 degrees Fahrenheit), and tank pressure drops too low to run a furnace at -35 degrees Celsius (-31 degrees Fahrenheit) if the tank is under 30 percent full. Brush snow off the regulator vent, bank insulating snow around the lower sides of the tank (or use a UL-listed propane tank heating blanket), and never apply an open flame or boiling water to a tank or gas line.
3. Treat all diesel tractors, trucks, generators, and outdoor heating oil tanks with anti-gel cold-flow improver and #1 kerosene winter blend. Once paraffin wax crystals precipitate out of #2 diesel ("cloud point" around -9 degrees Celsius [15 degrees Fahrenheit] and "gel point" around -18 degrees Celsius [0 degrees Fahrenheit]), preventative additives can no longer dissolve the wax. Keep spare spin-on fuel filters and diesel wax re-liquefier inside your heated house to clear a plugged tractor filter during livestock feeding emergencies.
4. Rig a permanent 10-millimeter (0.375-inch) safety tether line between the house door, woodshed, fuel tank, and barn. Prolonged arctic high-pressure systems generate sudden ground blizzards and nocturnal drainage winds. Never walk to a barn or stock tank at -40 degrees Celsius (-40 degrees Fahrenheit) without a fixed guide rope, ski goggles, a balaclava, and a check-in timer with someone indoors.
5. Break and flare livestock drinking water holes twice daily using a shoreline cut and insulated floating covers. Livestock die of dehydration and impaction colic days before starvation during an ice-lock freeze because eating dry hay without liquid water causes fatal rumen impaction. Never let animals walk onto a frozen pond to drink from a center hole; chop water troughs or fenced shoreline slots from solid bank footing and skim out all chopped ice chunks before the hole refreezes.
6. Fracture glazed ice crusts in winter pastures and move herds into a windbreak paddock. When freezing rain or a melt-freeze cycle creates a 2-to-5-centimeter (0.8-to-2-inch) ice crust over snow, horses, cattle, sheep, and goats lacerate their lower legs trying to paw through the crust. Confine animals behind a 20-percent-porosity windbreak fence, feed long-stem hay in the late afternoon so fermentation heat peaks at midnight, and bed frozen ground with 30 centimeters (12 inches) of dry straw.

Bishiyar yanke shawara: tsawaita keɓantawar karkara da dzud dabbobi¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Daskare Subzero Tsawaitawa / Gaggawa Dzud: Yanayin zafi <= -30 C (-22 F) zuwa -45 C (-49 F) + Crust Ice ko Zurfin dusar ƙanƙara"] --> Sector{"Wane tsari mai mahimmanci yake kasawa?"}

    Sector -->|"1. RUWAN GIDA & FUEL FUEL: Wutar wuta-Fita ko Rashin Gas"| FuelCheck{"Wane mai dumama mai gida ke amfani da shi?"}

    FuelCheck -->|"Propane (LPG) Tank"| PropaneFix["PROPANE VAPOR-LOCK PROTOCOL: 1. Bincika ma'aunin tanki: idan <30% a -35 C (-31 F), matsa lamba na tururi ya ragu ƙasa da 70 kPa (10 psi) mai gudanarwa)"]

    FuelCheck -->|"Man Fetur (#2 Man Fetur) ko Dizil"| OilFix["WAX GELLING & FILTER PROTOCOL: 1. Bincika kwanon tace tanki na waje da layi don sludge paraffin 2. Dumi tace gidaje da layi ta amfani da tef ɗin zafi na lantarki ko ruwan zafi (babu tocila)"]

    Sector -->|"2. RUWA DA KIWON KIWO: Ice Crust (Dzud) + Tankunan daskararre"| HerdCheck{"Menene babbar barazana ga garken?"}

    HerdCheck -->|"Tushen Ruwan Daskararre"| WaterFix["TSORON CIN LIVESTOCK: 1. Kada a taɓa barin shanu ko dawakai su hau kankarar kankara 2. Kashe kankarar kankara da yayyanka ramin ruwa na gefen banki."]

    HerdCheck -->|"Ƙunƙarar Kankara / Yunwa / Ciwon Iska"| FeedFix["DZUD SHELTER & METABOLIC Ciyarwa: 1. Matsar da garken garken zuwa 20% - porosity iska mai iska ko kuma gado mai gefe uku."]

    Sector -->|"3. MAGANIN DAN ADAM KO KWANTA: Hanyoyi sun toshe tsawon makonni"| IsolationFix["TSIRA GA KARIYA: 1. Kada a taɓa yin ƙoƙarin tuƙi a cikin abin hawa gelled a -40 C (-40 F) 2. Raation mai dumama man ta hanyar motsi rayuwa da barci cikin ɗaki 1 na ciki + tanti na cikin gida 3. Kafa gidan rediyo ko tauraron dan adam sau biyu a rana 4. Nemi medevac na gaggawa ko isar da hay ta hanyar aikawa"]

Fahimtar yanayin yanayi da kimiyyar lissafi na dzud da dogon kulle-kulle subzero¶

A cikin yanayi mai zafi, guguwar hunturu takan wuce kwana ɗaya zuwa uku kafin isar da iska mai dumi ta maido da yanayin da aka saba. A cikin nahiyoyi ciki, high-latitude steppes, intermountain basins, da arctic filayen (kamar Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Siberiya, da Canadian Prairies, ciki na Alaska, Arewacin Amurka Great Plains, da Scandinavian laplands), wani m ** Siberian High ** ko ** Arctic anticyclone * dome na iya kulle bakar iska. Kwanaki 90 a jere.

Lokacin da wannan tsawaita sanyi ya bi ƙayyadaddun yanayin yanayi, masana yanayi da hukumomin bala'in aikin gona sun rarraba taron ta hanyar amfani da nau'in dzud typology na duniya wanda Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya (WMO) da Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma (FAO) ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da su:

Hanawa da warware matsalar kullewar sifiri: propane, dumama mai, da dizal¶

Lokacin da ya fi haɗari ga dangin ƙauye da ke keɓe a lokacin -40 digiri Celsius (-40 Fahrenheit) kulle arctic shine lokacin da tanderun tsakiya ko janareta na ajiya ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani, ba don tankin mai ba shi da komai, amma saboda man fetur ya kai iyakar lokacinsa na zahiri.

1. Propane (LPG) makullin tururi a -42 digiri Celsius (-44 digiri Fahrenheit)¶

Gas mai ruwa (HD-5 propane na kasuwanci) yana zaune a cikin tankin karfe na waje azaman ruwa mai tafasa a ƙarƙashin tururin iskar gas. Lokacin da tanderu na cikin gida ta kunna, yana jan tururi daga saman; wannan digon matsin lamba yana haifar da ruwan propane da ke ƙasa ya tafasa ya sake cika tururi. - Ma'aunin Celsius -42.2 (-44 digiri Fahrenheit) bangon Tushen Tafasa: A matsin yanayi, propane ruwa yana tafasa a -42.2 digiri Celsius (-44 digiri Fahrenheit). A ** 21 Celsius (digiri 70 Fahrenheit) , matsa lamba na tanki yana da kusan ** 860 kilopascals (125 psi); a -18 Celsius (digiri Fahrenheit 0)**, yana saa zuwa 193 kilopascals (28 psi)**; a **-35 'aunin Celsius (-31 Fahrenheit), ya faɗi zuwa **55 kipascals (8 psi), da ƙyar ya isa ya tafiyar da mai tsara matai biyu; kuma a -42.2 digiri Celsius 44 digiri Fahrenheit), ma'aunin ma'auni ya buga **0 kilopascals0 psi)* don haka iskar gas ba ta gudana ko da tankin ya cika kashi 80. - Autorefrigeration a cikin ƙananan tankuna: Tafasa ruwa propane yana ɗaukar zafi mai ɓoye ta bangon ƙarfe na tanki. Idan tanki ya cika ƙasa da kashi 25 cikin ɗari, akwai ɗan ƙaramin yanki mai jikakken ƙarfe don ɗaukar zafi a waje, yana sanyaya sauran ruwa ƙasa -42 digiri Celsius (-44 Fahrenheit) ko da lokacin da iska ta waje ta kasance -30 digiri Celsius (-22 Fahrenheit).

Ayyukan gaggawa na mataki-mataki don dawo da kwararar propane:¶

1. ** Rage nauyin vaporization na BTU:** Kashe kayan aikin gas na biyu (masu dumama ruwa, bushewa, na'urar garage) kuma a sake zagayowar hita ta farko kawai a lokaci guda.
2. ** Tsaftace dusar ƙanƙara ta banki a kusa da ƙananan tankin tanki:** Cire dusar ƙanƙara a kusa da ƙananan ɓangarorin tanki yana hana ƙarfe daga sanyaya dare. Kada a taɓa binne kubba, bawul ɗin rufewa, ko mai daidaitawa a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma kiyaye hushin mai sarrafa numfashi mai fuskantar ƙasa a goge daga hoarfrost.
3. Narke mai daskararre mai daskararre lafiya: Kunna mai daskararre a cikin tawul kuma a zuba ruwan famfo mai dumi (digiri 40 zuwa 50 Celsius [104 zuwa 122 Fahrenheit]) akansa, ko amfani da bargo mai dumama tankin propane mai jera UL. Kada a taɓa amfani da hurawa ko buɗe wuta.

2. Diesel da #2 dumama man paraffin kakin zuma gelling¶

Man dizal na #2 da kuma man dumama gida na ƙunshe da sinadarin paraffin hydrocarbons waɗanda ke yin kristal zuwa cikin kakin zuma lokacin sanyi. A ** Cloud Point (-9 zuwa -12 ma'aunin Celsius [15 zuwa 10 Fahrenheit])**, lu'ulu'u na kakin zuma suna juya man gajimare da abubuwan tace takarda; a Gel Point (-15 zuwa -18 digiri Celsius [5 zuwa 0 Fahrenheit]), man da ba a kula da shi ba #2 yana ƙarfafa cikin layin jan karfe.

Ayyukan gaggawa na mataki-mataki don man gelled:¶

1. ** Rigakafin hunturu kafin daskarewa:** Haɗa #1 Diesel ko #1 Kerosene (K-1) cikin tankunan mai na waje #2 (haɗin 50/50 yana gudana zuwa -35 digiri Celsius [-31 digiri Fahrenheit], kuma kashi 100 #1 kerosene yana gudana zuwa -42 digiri Celsius [-44] Fahrenheit). Ƙara ** Inganta Gudun Sanyi (Anti-Gel)** yayin da man fetur har yanzu yana da zafi sama da -5 digiri Celsius (digiri 23 Fahrenheit).
2. De-gelling na gaggawa a -40 digiri Celsius (-40 Fahrenheit): Kada a taɓa taɓa injin dizal ɗin da aka yi wa gelled akai-akai. Sauya matatar mai da aka toshe tare da tacewa mai dumi mai cike da rabi da 50% #1 kananzir da 50% Diesel Wax Re-Liquefier, a zuba ruwan kakin zuma da kuma dumin #1 a cikin tanki, sannan a tanti gidan tace tare da tafki da tef ɗin zafi na lantarki ko na'urar bushewa na tsawon mintuna 30.

Rayuwar dabbobi a lokacin dzud: abinci mai gina jiki, fashewar iska, da sarewar ruwa¶

A lokacin daɗaɗɗen abubuwan da suka faru na ƙasa da ƙasa da dusar ƙanƙara, dabbobin suna lalacewa lokacin da sanyin iska yakan kashe zafi fiye da yadda tsarin narkewar su zai iya yin kiwo, ko kuma lokacin da rashin ruwa ya hana fermentation.

1. Ƙananan Mahimman Zazzabi (LCT) da ciyarwar rayuwa¶

Saniya ko doki balagagge tare da busassun rigar hunturu yana da ** Ƙananan Mahimman Zazzabi (LCT) ** na ** -7 zuwa -13 digiri Celsius (digiri 19 zuwa 9 Fahrenheit)** (har zuwa +15 digiri Celsius [59 Fahrenheit] idan rigar ta jike). 1. Dokar Hay 1-Kashi-Per- Per-Degree Hay: Ƙara yawan abincin kuzari da *1 kashi na kowane digiri 1 Celsius (digiri 2 Fahrenheit) wanda sanyin iska ya faɗi ƙasa da LCT na dabba. A -40 digiri Celsius (-40 digiri Fahrenheit), busassun shanu na bukatar ** 30 bisa dari karin abinci makamashi kullum . 2. ** Ciyar da ciyawa mai tsayi, ba tsattsauran hatsi ba kwatsam: Ruminants da dawakai suna haifar da babban zafi ta hanyar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (hay)**. Sau biyu danyen hatsi yana haifar dm lactic acidosis da kumburi; maimakon haka, samar da ciyawa kyauta da ciyawa na alfalfa. 3. ** Ciyar da abincin ciyawa mafi nauyi tsakanin 16:00 da 18:00: Rumen zafi kololuwar zafi ** 4 zuwa 8 hours bayan cin abinci **, daidaitaccen samar da zafi na ciki zuwa mafi sanyin tsakar dare zuwa safiya.

2. Safe subzero dabbobi shayarwa yarjejeniya¶

Kada ka bari shanu ko dawakai su yi cincirindo a kan wani tafki mai daskarewa a kusa da wani rami na tsakiya, wanda ke karya shimfidar kankara kuma yana haifar da nutsewar jama'a. 1. ** Kashe shingen tafkunan daskararre *** tare da sare ramukan gabar teku kawai inda kofato ke tsayawa akan ƙaƙƙarfan tsakuwa ƙasa, ta amfani da sanduna don iyakance damar zuwa dabbobi 2 ko 3 a lokaci guda. 2. ** Yada tokar itace, yashi, ko ciyawa mai sharar gida** a kan hanyar bankin ƙanƙara don kada dabbobi su zame su raba ƙashin ƙugu. 3. ** Cire duk yankakken yankakken kankara daga cikin ramin nan da nan** don haka slush baya saurin sake daskarewa, kuma a rufe kashi 80 na ramin tare da murfin katako mai rufi.

3. Injiniyan iska da kariya ga jarirai¶

Gina iska tare da ** 20 kashi porosity ** (santi 15-inch [6-inch] alluna tare da 3.8-centimeter [1.5-inch] gibin) don yanke saurin iska da kashi 75 cikin 100 a cikin yankin leeward sau 10 tsayin shinge ba tare da zubar da dusar ƙanƙara a kan garke ba. Kwancen ƙasa mai daskarewa tare da ** santimita 30 (inci 12) na busasshiyar bambaro ** don hana sanyin bijimai da sanyin nono a cikin shanu, da busassun maruƙan jarirai a cikin gida kafin a ciyar da dumi (digiri 38 Celsius [100 digiri Fahrenheit]) colostrum a cikin awanni 2 na haihuwa.

4. Hana gazawar hardware da tsagewar layin ruwa a ma'aunin ma'aunin Celsius -40 (-40 Fahrenheit)¶

Lokacin ciyar da garke tare da mai ɗaukar kaya na gaba ko share waƙoƙin samun damar zuwa ranch yayin daskarewa mai zurfi, daidaitattun kayan injiniyoyi da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa sun zama mara ƙarfi: - Ka'idar dumama na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa: A -40 digiri Celsius (-40 Fahrenheit), ruwan sanyi mai sanyi yana da danko na molasses mai sanyi. Shigar da makamai masu ɗaukar ruwa na hydraulic ko tuƙin wutar lantarki nan da nan bayan fara tarakta yana cavitate famfon na hydraulic kuma yana fitar da hoses na roba mai ƙarfi. Bari tarakta yayi aiki a 1,000 zuwa 1,200 RPM na minti 15 zuwa 20** kuma a sake zagayowar kowane silinda mai ruwa a hankali ba tare da wani nauyi ba don yaɗa ruwan dumi kafin ɗaga bales mai nauyi zagaye. - ** Ƙarƙashin ƙarfe na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi: ** Kasa -30 digiri Celsius (-22 Fahrenheit), carbon karfe hitch fil, log chains, da loader bale mashi sun rasa tasirin tasiri (** ductile-to-brittle miƙa mulki**). Kada a taɓa daskararre sarƙar ja ko jefa mashin bale mai nauyi a kan ƙasa mai daskararre, saboda ƙarfe zai iya kama kamar simintin ƙarfe kuma ya harba guntun ƙarfe zuwa taksi.

Tsira da keɓewar mutum na makonni da yawa a cikin gidan ƙauye da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa¶

Lokacin da aka karkatar da hanyoyin karkara a ƙarƙashin mita 2 (ƙafa 6.5) na dusar ƙanƙara mai taurin iska kuma yanayin zafi yana zaune a -40 digiri Celsius (-40 Fahrenheit), sabis na gaggawa, manyan motocin isar man fetur, da ma'aikatan gyaran kayan aiki na iya ba su isa ga gidaje masu nisa na makonni biyu zuwa huɗu.

1. Ƙirƙirar micro-climate na cikin gida ("Daki-Cikin-daki")¶

Idan tsarin dumama na farko ya gaza ko ajiyar mai ya ragu ƙasa da kashi 25: 1. Zaɓi ƙaramin ɗaki ɗaya na ciki (ko ƙaramin ɗaki mai ƙwararriyar murhu na itace) akan babban bene nesa da bangon iska. 2. Matsakaicin ƙugiya ko ƙusa furing a kan tagogin waje kuma a rataya ** yadudduka biyu na bargo na ulu, jakunkuna na barci, ko kumfa mai kumfa** akan gilashin, rufe gefen ƙasa zuwa taga sill don dakatar da abubuwan da ke ƙasa. 3. Sanya tanti na zangon lokaci na 3-kakar 4** a saman katifa mai kauri ko tarin tagulla a cikin dakin. Mutane hudu da ke barci a cikin wata karamar tanti na nailan da aka kafa a cikin wani daki mara zafi na iya kiyaye iska a cikin tantin a +12 digiri Celsius zuwa +18 digiri Celsius (54 Fahrenheit zuwa 64 digiri Fahrenheit) ta amfani da zafin jiki kadai, ko da lokacin da sauran gidan ya faɗi ƙasa da daskarewa.

2. Draining plumbing vs kiyaye bututu da rai¶

A -40 ma'aunin Celsius (-40 Fahrenheit), bututun ruwa marasa zafi a cikin bangon waje sun daskare kuma suka fashe cikin awanni 2 zuwa 4 , suna mamaye gidan da kankara lokacin narke. - ** Idan har yanzu kuna da zafi da ƙarfin wuta / ruwa: ** Buɗe ɗakin dafa abinci da ƙofofin gidan wanka a ƙarƙashin magudanar ruwa don haka iskar dakin dumi ta isa bututun bango, kuma bari duka biyun zafi da sanyi su ɗigo a daidaitaccen rafi na fensir (ruwa mai motsi yana ɗaukar zafi daga ƙasa mai zurfi kuma yana tsayayya da daskarewa). - Idan zafinku ya gaza gaba daya: Kar a jira bututun ya fashe. A kashe babban bawul ɗin ruwa na gidan *** a ƙasan layin sanyi (ko kashe mai kashe famfon rijiyar), buɗe kowace famfo a saman benaye mafi girma da mafi ƙasƙanci don barin iska a ciki, zubar da magudanar ruwan ƙasa mafi ƙanƙanta, zubar da tankin ruwan zafi, zubar da kowane ɗakin bayan gida don zubar da tankin, sannan a zuba ** RV propylene glycol antifreeze mai guba cikin kowane kwano P-tarkon ruwa, ba tare da fashewa ba, bandaki. farantin ko simintin ƙarfe. Don cikakkun hanyoyin dawo da bututu, duba mu daskararre bututu jagorar gaggawa kuma babu zafi a cikin jagorar hunturu.

Lambobin gaggawa na yanki da ka'idojin hukumar¶

Yayin bala'o'i masu tsayi da yawa da makullin kankara, tuntuɓi ma'aikatan gaggawa na likita da hukumar aikin gona ko ta farar hula:

• Amurka: Kira 911 don gaggawar dumama magani ko lafiyar rayuwa. Don taimakon ciyarwar dabbobi na gaggawa da sanarwar bala'i, tuntuɓi gundumar ku Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa (EMA) da Hukumar Kula da Aikin Gona ta USDA (FSA)** (waɗanda ke gudanar da Shirin Tallafin Dabbobi da Taimakon Gaggawa don Dabbobi). Saka idanu ** Sabis ɗin Yanayi na Ƙasa (NWS)** Tsananin Gargaɗi na Sanyi (weather.gov).
• Kanada: Kira 911 don 'yan sanda, gobara, da ceto na gaggawa. Saka idanu ** Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi Kanada (ECCC)** Tsananin Gargaɗi na Sanyi. Gundumomi na karkara da ma'aikatun noma na larduna suna daidaita jigilar ciyarwar hunturu na gaggawa da ba da fifiko ga kankara don isar da magunguna da man fetur.
• United Kingdom: Kira 999********************************************************************************** ****** ********************,****, domin bada rahoton yankewar wutar lantarki, (mazauna yankunan karkara, zasu iya yin rijista, akan Rijista na Ayyukan Farko). A lokacin kulle dusar ƙanƙara, Defra, Gwamnatin Scotland, da Ƙungiyar Manoma ta ƙasa (NFU) suna daidaita hanyoyin samun abinci na gaggawa.
• ** Tarayyar Turai da ƙasashen Nordic:** Kira 112 a duk ƙasashe membobin EU, Norway, da Iceland. A Sweden (MSB) , Finland (** Pelastustoimi**), Norway (** DSB**), da Iceland (** Almannavarnir**), hukumomin kare lafiyar jama’a suna gudanar da aikin kwashe mashinan dusar ƙanƙara da isar da man fetur na gaggawa.
• Mongolia, Tsakiyar Asiya, da Asiya-Pacific: A Mongoliya, kira 101/105 don Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Ƙasa (NEMA), wacce ke daidaita martanin dzud na ƙasa, wuraren kiwo na hunturu, da ** Red Cross / FAO** rarraba kayan abinci. A kasar Sin, kira 110/119/120; a Japan, kira 119; a Ostiraliya da New Zealand, kira 000 (Ostiraliya) ko 111 (New Zealand) da daidaita jin daɗin hannun jari na manyan ƙasashe ta hanyar Federated Farmers NZ ko Sashen Masana'antu na Farko na Jiha.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Me yasa -40 digiri Celsius daidai -40 digiri Fahrenheit, kuma me ya sa tsarin inji kasa a wannan batu?¶

Ma'aunin zafin jiki na Celsius da Fahrenheit suna haɗuwa a -40 digiri saboda tsarin juyawa na layi. Bayan wannan math, -40 digiri ne na jiki gazawar kofa ga yankunan karkara kayayyakin more rayuwa: kasuwanci HD-5 propane kai ta yanayi tafasar batu a -42.2 digiri Celsius (-44 digiri Fahrenheit) da kuma rasa tank matsa lamba, daidaitattun nitrile roba O-rings da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa hoses sha gilashin canji da fasa lokacin da flexed mai gubar 7, na al'ada gubar da gubar. fitarwar da suke yi.

Zan iya zuba barasa ko man fetur a cikin tarakta dizal ko tankin mai don dakatar da gelling a -40 digiri?¶

Kada a taba zuba man fetur ko barasa a cikin injin dizal ko tankin mai na zamani. Man fetur yana rage walƙiyar walƙiya na dizal zuwa matakan fashewa kuma yana lalata babban matsin lamba na allurar mai na jirgin ƙasa, yayin da barasa ke haifar da rabuwar lokaci kuma yana lalata allurar. Sai kawai gauraya mai tsabta #1 kananzir ko dizal #1 kuma a yi amfani da sadaukarwa, masu inganta kwararar dizal mai sanyi mara barasa da masu sake shan ruwan kakin zuma.

Nawa ne dusar ƙanƙara ke ɗauka don narka lita 1 (quart) na ruwan sha idan rijiya ta daskare?¶

Dusar ƙanƙara mara kyau tana da rabon dusar ƙanƙara-da-ruwa na 10:1 zuwa 15:1, ma'ana dole ne ku narke lita 10 zuwa 15 (galan 2.6 zuwa 4) na dusar ƙanƙara don samar da lita 1 (quart) na ruwa. Sanya busasshen dusar ƙanƙara kai tsaye a cikin busasshiyar tukunya a kan murhu yana ƙone tukunyar ƙarfe yayin da aljihun iska yana rufe dusar ƙanƙara a sama. Koyaushe zuba 3 zuwa 5 centimeters (1 zuwa 2 inci) na ruwa mai farawa a cikin tukunya da farko, shirya dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara ko ƙanƙara a cikin ruwan dumi yana ƙaruwa, kuma kawo ruwan da aka narke zuwa tafasa.

Me ya sa tumaki da shanu ke mutuwa bayan cin ciyawa mai sanyi a lokacin sanyi mai sanyi?¶

Lokacin da sanyi mai nauyi ko rime kankara ya bushe bushewar ciyawa ta hunturu a -35 digiri Celsius (-31 Fahrenheit), saniya ko tunkiya mai jin yunwa tana cinye kilogiram da yawa na lu'ulu'u na kankara tare da mai tushe. Wannan taro na kankara yana sauke yawan zafin jiki na cikin rumen daga digiri 39 na Celsius (102 Fahrenheit) a ƙasa da digiri 30 Celsius (digiri 86), ƙananan rumen microbes, dakatar da motsin hanji, haifar da kumburi mai tsanani, da haifar da zubar da ciki a cikin tumaki da shanu masu ciki.

Menene zan yi idan wani a cikin keɓewar gona ya kamu da sanyi mai tsanani kuma ya kasa isa asibiti na kwanaki?¶

Yi la'akari da haɗarin sake daskarewa kafin dumama kafa. Dangane da jagororin kungiyar likitocin Wilderness da Red Cross, idan akwai wata dama mai sanyin hannu ko ƙafa zai iya daskare a karo na biyu, a ci gaba da daskare nama har sai an tabbatar da ingantaccen ɗaki mai ɗumi, saboda narkewa da sake daskarewa yana haifar da fashewar ƙwayoyin cuta. Da zarar an shiga cikin ɗaki mai zafi mai ƙarfi, nutsar da ƙarshen a cikin ruwa mai zafi zuwa digiri 37 zuwa 39 Celsius (98.6 zuwa 102.2 digiri Fahrenheit) na tsawon mintuna 30 har sai an ɗagawa, ba ibuprofen idan akwai, sassauta kowane lambobi daban-daban a cikin busassun gauze maras kyau ba tare da fitowa fili ba, sannan ya narke ƙafafu. Ɗaukar kwas ɗin taimako na farko daga Red Cross, St John Ambulance, ko mai ba da sabis na gida yana shirya iyalai na karkara don kulawar keɓewa mai tsawo.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Polar vortex, fashewar arctic, da sanyin iska na tsira daga sanyi
• Guguwar ƙanƙara, busa fari dusar ƙanƙara, da layukan aminci
• Hypothermia da taimakon gaggawa na sanyi
• Babu zafi a cikin hunturu: rayuwa ta cikin gida da amintaccen dumama

Tushen da jagorar hukuma¶

• Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya (WMO): Dzud Farkon Gargadi, Cutar Cutar Makiyaya (Fara, Baƙi, Kankara, Sanyi, da Haɗaɗɗen Dzuds), da Ka'idodin Ciyar da Dabbobin Gaggawa.
• Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka (USDA) Sabis na Tsawaitawa da Tsawowar Jami'ar North Dakota/ Montana: Gudanar da Dabbobin Dabbobi a Lokacin Sanyi Tsanani, Ƙananan Mahimman Zazzabi (LCT) Daidaita Rabo, da Injiniyan Ruwa na Subzero.
• ** Ƙungiyar Propane Gas ta ƙasa (NPGA) da NFPA 58 (Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code):** Tsarin Yanayin Zazzaɓi Mai Ruwa na Propane, Rigakafin sanyi-Yanayi, da Tsaron Tsare Dusar ƙanƙara/Ice.
• ** Cibiyar Binciken Yankunan Sanyi na Sojojin Amurka (CRREL):** Manual Ayyukan Ayyukan Sanyi: Dizal Fuel Waxing/Gelling Remediation, Subzero Battery Management, and Extreme Cold Shelter Engineering.
• Ƙungiyar Likitocin daji (WMS): Sharuɗɗan Ayyukan Kula da Lafiya don Rigakafin da Maganin Frostbite da Hatsarin Hatsari a cikin Muhalli Mai Nisa da Mummuna.