Volcanic Lahars (Labarin Laka), Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙarfafa )¶

Yayin da hotunan talabijin na aman wuta Sau da yawa suna mai da hankali kan rafukan jajayen lava masu tafiya a hankali waɗanda mutane za su iya tafiya cikin sauƙi, bayanan mace-macen ƙasa da Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayin ƙasa ta Amurka (USGS) da Cibiyar Hazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (IVHHN) ta tattara sun nuna cewa sama da kashi 90 cikin 100 na mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da volcano ana haifar da su ta uku mafi sauri ko yaɗuwar haɗari: ** pyroclastic da yawa * haɗari * halin yanzu. lahars (sauke mai sauri kamar kwararowar laka da tarkace)**, da tephra mai nauyi da ashfall wanda ya ruguje rufin ginin da ke da nisan kilomita goma daga ƙasa kuma ya shaƙe hanyoyin iska da gilashin dutsen mai aman wuta.

Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da rayuwar ku nan da nan yayin rikicin volcanic mai fashewa shine ku kwashe ** nan da nan** akan faɗakarwar hukuma kafin kwararar pyroclastic ko ƙaddamar da lahars, ** hawa daidai da kwarin kogin (madaidaicin bangon kwari zuwa ƙasa mai tsayi, kar a ƙasa ko sama tare da bene na kwari). particulate respirator *** tare da tabarau mara huɗa lokacin toka, da kuma lura da taruwar rufin lebur ko ƙasan ƙasa sosai don ka iya kwashe kafin ** santimita 10 (inci 4) na rigar ash mai aman wuta** ya ruguje tsarin sama.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. Fitar da gangaren jajayen yanki nan da nan lokacin da aka ba da sanarwar fashewar fashewar abubuwa: Kar a taɓa jira don ganin toka ko lava kafin barin wani yanki na keɓe dutsen mai aman wuta. * Tsarin ruwa mai yawa* suna tseren gangaren dutsen mai aman wuta a 160 zuwa kilomita 700 a cikin sa'a guda (mil 100 zuwa 435 a sa'a daya) a yanayin zafi na 300 zuwa 800 digiri Celsius (570 zuwa 1,470 digiri Fahrenheit), wanda hakan ba zai yiwu ba sau daya.
2. Idan kuna cikin kwarin kogi kuma kuna jin rugugi mai zurfi ko lahar siren, ku hau kai tsaye gefen kwarin nan da nan: Volcanic lahars (gudanar ruwa) na iya gangarowa kwarin kogin har zuwa kilomita 50 zuwa 100 (mil 30 zuwa 60)** daga dutsen mai aman wuta a 30 zuwa 820 mil a kowace rana. ko makonni bayan fashewar ya ƙare lokacin da ruwan sama ya faɗi akan toka mara kyau. Sauke jakunkuna masu nauyi da gudu ko tuƙi ** daidai da tashar kogin ** har zuwa kan tudu, tudu, ko bangon canyon aƙalla ** 20 zuwa mita 30 (ƙafa 65 zuwa 100)* sama da bene na kwari. Kar a taɓa ketare gada yayin da lahar ke gabatowa.
3. Kare huhunka da idanunka daga toka mai aman wuta nan da nan: Tokar mai aman wuta ba hayakin itace mai laushi ba ne; dutsen da aka tarwatsa shi, silica crystal, da tarkacen gilashin dutsen mai aman wuta wanda aka lullube shi a cikin sulfur mai lalata da hydrochloric acid. Saka snug NIOSH N95, EN 149 FFP2/FFP3, ko P2 particulate respirator mask (ko rigar rigar auduga mai yawa akan hanci da bakinka a cikin gaggawa), fitar da * ruwan tabarau** nan da nan, sa'an nan kuma sanya abin rufewa ko * * tabarau na iska**.
4. ** Zauna a gida, rufe HVAC da iskar gas, da hatimi daftarin aiki yayin toka mai nauyi:** Rufe kuma kulle duk tagogi, kofofin, dampers, da magudanan iska. Kashe dumama iska na tilas, fannayin murhu, da na'urorin sanyaya iska na taga waɗanda ke jan iska daga waje zuwa cikin gida ko ƙone injinan su akan gilasai.
5. Saurari nishin rufin kuma a kwashe kafin rigar tokar ta wuce santimita 10 (inci 4): busheshen tokar dutsen mai aman wuta ya fi dusar ƙanƙara nauyi ** sau 5 zuwa 10 fiye da dusar ƙanƙara**, kuma tokar dutsen mai cike da ruwan sama ta juya ta zama ƙaƙƙarfan dutse mai nauyi ** 1,500 zuwa 2,000 kilos a kowace murabba'in kubik 12 zuwa 53*. Idan zurfin toka akan lebur ko faffadan rufin ya kusanci ** 7.5 zuwa santimita 10 (inci 3 zuwa 4)**, ko kuma idan ƙofofin ciki suna cunkoso, tagogi, ko katakon rufin ya yi kururuwa, a kwashe ginin nan da nan kafin rufin ya shiga.
6. A guji tuki yayin tokawar aiki sai dai in kubuta daga wani yanki na lahar ko pyroclastic: Tokar fadowa tana haifar da hangen nesa baƙar fata da tsakar rana, yana toshe matattarar iska a cikin mintuna (tsayawa motarka ta dindindin), sannan ta cire madaidaicin wutar lantarki, kuma tana mai da hanyoyi zuwa slick, birki mai lalata gilashin gilashi.

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Kwatanta hatsarori uku masu muni mai aman wuta: kwararar wuta, lahar, da ashfall.¶

Fahimtar yanayin jiki, saurin gudu, zafin jiki, da isa ga kowane haɗari mai aman wuta yana bayyana dalilin da yasa dabarun tsira suka bambanta gabaɗaya dangane da ko kuna gefen dutsen mai aman wuta, a cikin kwarin kogin ƙasa, ko a cikin birni mai nisan kilomita 100.

Matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki: me yasa ba za a iya sasantawa ba¶

A ** pyroclastic density current (PDC)** shine mafi muni a cikin ilimin volcanology. Ya ƙunshi sassa guda biyu suna tafiya tare a cikin sauri na supersonic ko kusa-kusa: babban basal ** pyroclastic flow ** na dutsen dutse, pumice, da ash wanda ke rungumar benayen kwari, da maɗaukaki, tashin hankali, faɗaɗa gajimare na iskar gas mai zafi da ash mai kyau wanda ake kira ** pyroclastic surge ** wanda yayi watsi da saman saman dutse, har ma da hawan dutsen sama da kilomita. ko ruwan tafkin.

Yadda igiyoyin pyroclastic ke samuwa¶

1. ** Rushewar Rukunin Rushewa (Rushewar Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa):** A lokacin fashewar wani abu mai fashewa, lokacin da dutsen mai aman wuta ya fashe da cakuda dutsen da toka mai yawa don iska mai zafi da za ta iya shiga cikin mashigin, babban ginshiƙi na tsaye ya ruguje ƙasa da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin nauyi kuma ya gangara a duk sassan dutsen a lokaci ɗaya.
2. ** Lava dome rushe (nau'in Merapi ko Peléan kwarara):** Lokacin da kauri, m, magma mai arzikin iskar gas ya fito daga cikin iska mai ƙarfi don gina tudu mai tsayi (** lava dome**), gefen dome na iya rushewa ** ba tare da fashewar faɗakarwa ba**, sakin shuru, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa.
3. ** Fashewa ta baya:** Zaftarewar kasa ta tube gefen dutsen mai aman wuta (kamar yadda ya faru a Dutsen St. Helens a Amurka a shekarar 1980), ta buge da fashewar wani abu mai karfin gaske.

Idan an kama kusa da dutsen mai aman wuta lokacin da kwararar pyroclastic ya fara¶

Saboda kwararar pyroclastic yana kashewa a cikin daƙiƙa guda ta hanyar ** inhalation mai zafi mai zafi** (numfashi a cikin haki ɗaya na 300-zuwa-600-gas ɗin-Celsius gas da ash yana bincika trachea da larynx) da rauni:

• Idan kuna cikin abin hawa akan buɗaɗɗen hanya tare da baƙar fata mai gani, tafasar ƙasa-rungumar gajimare tana tseren gajimare: Fitar da matsakaicin saurin aminci ** nesa da dutsen mai aman wuta kuma daidai gwargwado ga kowane kogin *** yana jigilar gajimaren. Mirgine duk tagogi da ƙarfi, canza iskar motar zuwa ** Sake kewayawa / rufe gaba ɗaya **, kuma ci gaba da yin magana don faɗakar da wasu.
• Idan tserewa ba zai yiwu ba kuma tasirin ya yi nesa da daƙiƙa (Last-Resort Ditching Protocol): Shiga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci, ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin siminti na ƙarƙashin ƙasa da ake samu (wani wuri mai zurfi na ƙarƙashin ƙasa, rumbun kwamfyuta, ko ɗakin katako na ciki mara taga a gefen ginin yana fuskantar * nesa* daga dutsen mai aman wuta). Rufe duk kofofi da tagogi, jika tawul mai kauri ko riga mai kauri nan da nan, damka shi damtse a kan hanci da bakinka, cire tufafi a kan duk wani fata mara kyau, sa'annan ka lanƙwasa cikin matsetaccen ƙwallon ƙasa a ƙasa don kare hanyar iska yayin tafiyar mintuna 2 zuwa 5 na gajimaren toka mai zafi.

Lahar mai aman wuta: tsira daga laka mai saurin gaske a cikin kwarin kogin¶

Kalmar Indonesiya lahar tana bayyana wani gauraya da ke gudana cikin sauri, da nauyi mai nauyi na tarkacen dutsen mai aman wuta da ruwa wanda ya samo asali daga gangaren dutsen mai aman wuta. Mutanen da ba su taɓa ganin lahar ba sukan yi hoton ambaliyar ruwa mai ruwan ruwan laka. A hakikanin gaskiya, lahar yana da daidaito, nauyi, da ƙarfin jiki na ** rigar kankare mai gudana a saurin babbar hanya ***.

Domin lahar yana dauke da har zuwa ** 80 bisa 100 daskararrun dutse da yashi gwargwadon nauyinsa**, yawansa ya ninka na ruwa sau biyu**. Wannan matsananciyar yawa tana haifar da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi sosai har wani lahar ya ɗaga ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba yana iyo ** manyan dutsen dutsen ton, manyan motocin katako, titin jirgin ƙasa, da gadoji na ƙarfe gabaɗaya **, yana amfani da su kamar manyan raguna a gaban magudanar ruwa don lalata kowane gida, bishiya, da katakon katako tare da katako. Mafi muni kuma, lokacin da lahar ya rage ya bazuwa wani gari mai lebur a gindin kwarin, ruwan ya zubo daga slurry da laka gurwar ruwa ya kakkafa kamar zuba siminti a cikin mintuna, ta kama duk wanda aka kama cikin kugu sosai ta yadda ba za a iya fitar da shi kyauta ba tare da manyan injinan hakowa ba.

Hanyoyi uku da lahar ke farawa (Ciki har da shekaru bayan dutsen mai aman wuta ya yi shuru)¶

1. ** Dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara suna narkewa yayin fashewa (Primary Lahar):** Lokacin da zafi mai zafi ya gudana ko lava ya fashe a kan dusar ƙanƙara mai cike da dusar ƙanƙara ko dusar ƙanƙara (kamar Dutsen Rainier, Dutsen Hood, ko Dutsen Baker a Amurka; Nevado del Ruiz a Kolombiya; Cotopaxi a Ecuador; ko a cikin Dutsen Rubic na New Zealand). saukar da kowane kwarin kogin glacial yana haskakawa daga kololuwar.
2. Cikin Tafkin Crater: Wani fashewa ya fashe gefen tafkin kololuwar acidic, tare da zubar da wani tabkin gaba daya a cikin rafin.
3. ** Ruwan sama mai haifar da fashewar lahars (Lahars na biyu):******* Watanni zuwa shekaru da yawa bayan fashewar toka*, saman gangaren dutsen na kwance a karkashin mitoci na sako-sako, toka mai tsananin zafi wanda ya kashe ciyayi. A duk lokacin da guguwa mai ƙarfi ta al'ada ko kuma guguwa mai zafi ta faɗo kan dutsen, ruwan sama ba zai iya shiga cikin tokar da aka dasa ba; a maimakon haka, sai ya zare gangara, ya gauraye da tephra maras kyau, sannan ya harba tashin hankali ** ruwan sama mai haddasa lahar* a cikin koguna a ranakun da dutsen mai aman wuta da kansa ya yi shuru.

Dokokin filin gaggawa don tsira da lahar¶

• Gane alamun faɗakarwa da faɗakarwa na gani:
• Jami'in ** Acoustic Flow Monitor (AFM) lahar sirens *** (wanda ke sautin ci gaba da sautin kuka ko faɗakarwar murya a cikin manyan kwari masu haɗari kamar kwarin Puyallup da ke ƙasa Dutsen Rainier) ko faɗakarwar watsa shirye-shiryen wayar hannu ta gaggawa.
• Mai zurfi, ci gaba, jigilar kaya ko injin jet-inji ** girgiza ƙasa da rawar jiki** yana fitowa daga sama mai girma da ƙarfi kowane daƙiƙa (ba kamar girgizar ƙasa ba, wacce ke tsirowa da faɗuwa cikin minti ɗaya, lahar rumble yana ginawa a hankali yayin da gaban dutsen ke gabatowa).
• Matsayin kogin ** yana faduwa ko bushewa ba zato ba tsammani** (sakamakon zabtarewar kasa na dan lokaci yana lalata kwazazzabo) KO kogin ya yi kauri, mai tururi, launin ruwan kasa mai laka-launin ruwan kasa tare da bishiya mai yawo da kamshin sulfur.
• ** Hawa sama, kada ku yi ƙoƙarin tsere wa lahar a cikin kwari:**
• Idan kana tafiya a ƙafa ko cikin layin cunkoson ababen hawa a filin kwari, ** juya digiri 90 daga kogin kuma ku tafi kai tsaye zuwa bangon kwari mafi kusa, gefen tudu, bluff, ko ƙayyadadden tudun ƙaura.
• Samun kawai 20 zuwa mita 30 (ƙafa 65 zuwa 100) na tsayin tsayi a tsaye sama da tashar kogin yana sanya ku gaba ɗaya sama da kai ga kusan dukkan lahar.
• Kada ku ketare gada a lokacin da lahar ke zuwa ko kuma a iya gani a sama: Lahars kan yayyaga gadoji daga ramukan simintin su ko kuma su tara manya-manyan katako a kan gada, suna share gadar gaba daya da kowace mota da ke cikinta cikin dakika.
• Kada ku taɓa tafiya kan ɓawon lahar da aka ajiye sabo: Ko bayan lahar ya daina motsi, busasshen ɓawon toka mai launin toka ya yi sama a cikin sa'o'i yayin da ciki a ƙasa ya kasance mara tushe, wani lokacin ** yashi mai zafi** na kwanaki ko makonni. Jira har sai injiniyoyin farar hula sun gwada ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi yana hana mutuwa da ƙonewa.

Toka mai aman wuta mai nauyi (Tephra): ruftawar rufin kimiyyar lissafi da tsira tsarin¶

Sabanin tokar itace daga wutan sansani ko wutar daji (wanda yake da laushi, carbon organic na fuka-fuki da ke narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma yana busawa a cikin iska), ** ash mai aman wuta ** ya ƙunshi jaggu, lu'ulu'u na dutsen da aka tarwatsa da ** kaifi ƙananan shards na gilashin silica ($ SiO_2$)** ya fashe ta hanyar faɗaɗa gas ɗin magma.

Me yasa toka mai aman wuta ke ruguje rufin rufin da sauri fiye da dusar ƙanƙara¶

Lambobin gine-gine a cikin yanayin sanyi suna tsara rufin mazaunin don tallafawa dusar ƙanƙara, wanda galibi iskar da ke da tarko ne kuma nauyinsa kawai ** 100 zuwa 200 kilogiram a kowace mita kubik (fam 6 zuwa 12.5 a kowace ƙafar kubik)**. Toka mai aman wuta dutse ne mai tsauri:

Alamomin faɗakarwa mai mahimmanci na rugujewar rufin da amintattun ƙa'idodin share toka¶

1. ** Kula da zurfin toka da alamun damuwa a cikin gida:**
2. Auna tarin toka akan lebur mai iska a waje da taga. Da zarar toka ya kai 5 zuwa santimita 2 zuwa 3 (inci 2 zuwa 3) a kan rufin lebur ko ƙasa (ko kuma idan ruwan sama ya fara faɗo a kan tokar da ake da shi), sai a shirya kwashe ko share rufin idan lafiya.
3. ** Alamun fitarwa na gaggawa:** Idan kun ji ** sauti mai ƙarfi, tsagewa, ko nishi ** daga soro ko silin, duba ** filastar ko busasshen bangon da ke ɓalle daga mahaɗin rufin *, lura ** rugujewar bangon rufin , ko gano cewa ** ɗakin ɗakin kwana ko ƙofofin kabad ba zato ba tsammani kuma ba za a buɗe ko rufe ba (ma'ana ba za a ruɗe rufin ba) rufin, sanya huluna masu wuya, abin rufe fuska na N95, da tabarau, sannan a kwashe kowa da kowa daga gidan nan da nan zuwa wani gini mai tsayin daka na A-frame, ingantaccen bene mai ƙarfi, ko abin hawa da aka faka a fili nesa da bishiyoyi da layukan wutar lantarki.
4. Mutuwar rufin rufi yayin tsaftacewa: Nazarin likitanci bayan fashewa (kamar bayan 1991 Dutsen Pinatubo da 2014 Kelud eruptions) ya nuna cewa ** ƙarin mutane suna mutuwa ko kuma suna fama da raunin kashin baya daga zamewa daga rufin toka yayin tsaftacewa** fiye da rufin da ke rushewa a cikin gida. Toka mai aman wuta a kan rufin ƙarfe, tayal, ko shingle yana aiki kamar miliyoyin ƙananan ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma yana juyewa zuwa mai mai slick lokacin daɗaɗɗen.
5. Idan dole ne ku share ƙasa mai ƙaƙƙarfan rufi don ajiye shi:
6. Kada ku taɓa hawa rufin yayin tokawar aiki (gani ba zero ba, walƙiya na faruwa akai-akai a cikin tokar dutsen mai aman wuta, da faɗuwar duwatsu/lapilli yana haifar da karyewar kwanyar) kuma ** kar a taɓa hawa rufin da ya riga ya yi ruf da ciki ko ya ragu**.
7. Yi amfani da rake mai tsayi mai tsayi ko tura tsintsiya yayin da kake tsaye lafiya a ƙasa ko tsani mai tsayuwa *** don cire toka daga ƙananan belin tukuna.
8. Idan hawa kan rufin da ba zai yuwu ba, sai a sanya ** kayan aikin aminci wanda aka ɗora tare da igiya mai hawa zuwa ƙaƙƙarfan bishiya ko abin hawa a gefe guda na gidan , sanya na'urar numfashi na ** N95/FFP2 da tabarau na rufewa, sannan a zubar da toka ta tsari daga ** kololuwa ƙasa ko da rabin rufin ne.
9. Cire hanyoyin da ke gangarowa daga rijiyoyin ruwan sama da magudanar ruwa na Faransa nan da nan: Kashe tsumma a saman magudanar ruwa ko gani/cire haɗin gindin bututun kafin a share toka daga rufin; idan toka mai aman wuta ya wanke cikin bututun ruwa na karkashin kasa ko magudanar ruwa, sai ya zama kamar siminti kuma yana lalata tsarin aikin famfo na dindindin.

Kare huhu, idanu, da ruwan sha daga toka mai aman wuta da iskar acid¶

Barbashin toka mai aman wuta da ke faɗuwa akai-akai suna ƙasa da ** micrometers ($ PM_{10}\()** da **2.5 micrometers (\)PM_{2.5}$), yana basu damar shiga zurfin cikin tasha da kuma alveoli na huhu, yayin da sabon gilashin saman gilashin su na ɗauke da digo na acid chloric4 $ H. ($ HCl\(), da hydrofluoric acid (\) HF$).

1. Kariyar numfashi (Asthma, COPD, da crystalline silica)¶

• Koyaushe sanya na'urar numfashi mai ƙima a waje ko lokacin da ake share toka: Daidaitaccen abin rufe fuska na kunnen kunne yana barin faffadan gibi a kumatun da ke barin gilashin dutsen mai ƙarfi a cikin hanyoyin iska. Yi amfani da abin rufe fuska N95, N99, ko P100 ** (Amurka) da EN 149 FFP2 ko FFP3 abin rufe fuska (Turai/Birtaniya), ko abin rufe fuska ** P2** (Australia/New Zealand), kuna tsunkule gadar hancin ƙarfe da ƙarfi da amfani da madauri biyu.
• Mask na gaggawa idan babu N95: Ninka T-shirt mai kauri mai kauri, bandana, ko tawul ɗin tasa a cikin ** 4 zuwa 8 layers **, ** ba tare da jika ba, wanda ke hana numfashi, kawai damshi sosai cewa barbashi mai kyau suna manne da rigar zaruruwa da ruwa mai narkewa kamar ruwa mai narkewa kamar ruwa. akan hanci da baki.
• Haɗarin ciwon asma da mashako: Hatta masu ƙarancin ƙuruciya asma waɗanda ba su buƙatar mai shayarwa a cikin shekaru akai-akai suna fama da matsananciyar bronchospasm a cikin mintuna na numfashi ash volcanic ko ** sulfur dioxide ($ SO_2 $) gas **. Ajiye magungunan ceto (albuterol/salbutamol) a cikin aljihun ku a kowane lokaci kuma ku tsaya sosai a cikin daki da aka rufe har sai toka ya lafa.

2. Kariyar ido: dalilin da yasa ruwan tabarau ke haifar da mummunan rauni na corneal¶

Kada a taɓa sanya ruwan tabarau na lamba yayin ko na kwanaki da yawa bayan tokar dutsen mai aman wuta. Shards na gilashin volcanic yana zamewa a ƙarƙashin ruwan tabarau masu laushi ko tsattsauran ra'ayi; duk lokacin da kuka lumshe ido, ruwan tabarau na lamba yana niƙa waɗancan ɓangarorin gilashin a fadin cornea kamar takarda yashi, yana haifar da zurfi, mai raɗaɗi abrasions na corneal da sinadarin acid yana konewa.

• ** Canja zuwa gilashin ido kuma sanya tabarau mara huɗa a waje:** Gilashin kankara, tabarau na ninkaya, ko tafkunan aminci na masana'antu suna ci gaba da hura toka daga idanu.
• Idan toka mai aman wuta ya shiga cikin idanunki: Kada ki shafa idanunki. Ki yi saurin kiftawa yayin kiftawa a kan kwano ko nutsewa, sai ki ja fatar ido na sama a hankali a kan cinyar da ke kasa, sannan ki rinka zubar da ido na tsawon mintuna 10 zuwa 15.*

3. Kare ruwan sha, dabbobi, da na'urorin lantarki¶

• Shan ruwa da hydrofluoric acid (\(HF\)) guba: Cire haɗin magudanar ruwa daga tankunan ruwan sama nan da nan lokacin da fashewar ta fara. Yayin da matsakaicin toka a cikin tafkunan birni galibi yana haifar da girgije (turbidity) da ɗanɗano ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano wanda tsire-tsire na ruwa za su iya tacewa, toka daga wasu tsaunuka masu wadatar wuta (kamar Iceland, New Zealand, ko Amurka ta Kudu) yana zubar da guba mai guba ** fluoride *** cikin budadden ruwa da ciyayi, wanda zai iya saurin kashe rayuka da cutarwa. Ajiye duka dabbobin gida da dabbobi a cikin gida akan abinci da aka adana da kuma tsaftataccen ruwan famfo/kwalba.
• Rufewar tokar "flashover" akan grid ɗin wutar lantarki: busheshen tokar wutar lantarki shine insulator, amma a lokacin da ruwan sama, hazo, ko raɓa na safiya ke jika tokar ɗin da ke rufe manyan insulators na yumbu mai ƙarfi akan sandunan kayan aiki da na'urorin wuta, narkar da gishirin acid ɗin ya juya ash ɗin ya zama jagorar lantarki mai ƙarfi. Babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin toka mai ƙarfi (** insulator flashover ), yana busa tasfotoci tare da jefa dukkan biranen cikin tsawan lokaci. katsewar wutar lantarki daidai lokacin da ake buƙatar famfo ruwa mafi yawa. Cika kwanon wanka, tukwane, da tulun ruwa da ruwan famfo mai tsafta ** da zarar ka ji an yi fashewa, kafin gajimaren toka ya isa garin ku ya kashe wutar lantarki.

Amintaccen tsabtace tokar bayan fashewa da ka'idojin kariya na abin hawa¶

Da zarar ashfall ya tsaya, tsaftacewa yana buƙatar haƙuri da tsantsawar ƙura don kada ku sanya ɓangarorin gilashin da aka daidaita su koma cikin huhu.

• Hazo a hankali da ruwa kafin a share: Kada a taɓa bushewa ko amfani da busa ganye akan tokar dutsen mai aman wuta; masu busa ganye suna haifar da makanta, girgijen silica mai cutar da huhu. Yi amfani da bututun bututun bututun lambu ko fesa kwalban don sauƙaƙa daskare saman tokar (kada a zubar da shi cikin laka), sannan a fesa shi cikin jakunkuna masu nauyi masu nauyi (cika kowace jaka kawai ** rabin cika **, kamar yadda cikakkiyar jakar shara ta ash mai aman wuta tana nauyin kilo 40 zuwa 60 / 90 zuwa 130 fam kuma zai sake buɗewa ko a ciki).
• Kada a taɓa wanke tokar dutse mai aman wuta a magudanar ruwa, bandaki, ko magudanan guguwa na titi: Toka yana zaune a cikin tarkon bututu da magudanar ruwa na birni kuma ya taurare ya zama siminti.
• Tsaftace na'urorin gida tare da matattara HEPA ko iska mai matsewa, kar a taɓa goge busasshen gilashin da zane: Shafa busasshiyar tokar a jikin gilashin mota, gilashin ido, hasken rana, ko ruwan tabarau na kamara tare da tsumma ko busassun goge gilashin yana niƙa ta dindindin a cikin gilashin. Da farko a wanke da karimci da bututu, ko a goge a hankali da soso mai jika.
• Idan za ku yi tuƙi a cikin toka: Sauya injin iska da tace iska nan da nan, canza injin mai da tace mai, sannan a sami matsi na kanikanci-wanke pad ɗin birki, rotors, da madaidaicin gidaje kafin tuƙi na yau da kullun.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

An duba tushe¶

• ** Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa ta Amurka (USGS) Shirin Haɗarin Volcano:** Rayuwa tare da Hadarin Volcanic: Lahars, Gudun Wuta, da Tushen Tushen (Tephra) Load da Ka'idodin Tsabtace Rufin.
• ** Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya ta Duniya (IVHHN), Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), da Hukumar Birane da Dutsen Volcanoes:** Haɗarin Kiwon Lafiya na ash Volcanic: Jagora ga Jama'a da Jagororin Shirye-shiryen Kafin, Lokacin, da Bayan Ashfall.
• Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Tarayya (FEMA) da Ready.gov (Amurka): Tsarin wutar lantarki, Fitar da Wuta a tsaye don Lahars, da Tsarin Tsarin Dusar ƙanƙara/Ash Load Safety.
• ** Kimiyyar GNS (Te Pū Ao) da Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta ƙasa (NEMA, New Zealand):** Tasirin Ashfall Volcanic akan Mahimman kayan more rayuwa, Rufe Ƙofar Rufin, da Tsaron Ruwa na Noma.
• Ƙungiyar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Ƙungiyar Red Cross da Red Crescent (IFRC, Ƙasashen Duniya): Ka'idojin Amsar Bala'i don Fashewa da Fashewa da Ƙullawar Lahar.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Wuraren wuta da shirye-shiryen fashewar volcanoes
• Fashewar limnic da gajimaren iskar carbon dioxide mai aman wuta
• Abun waje na ido, gogewar corneal, da walƙiya taimakon farko
• Asthma ta kai hari agajin farko da ceton sararin samaniya
• Lalacewar tsari da aminci rugujewar gini
• Lambobin gaggawa ta ƙasa